Noah Webster’s 1828 Dictionary
SANDPIPER — SASHOON
SANDPIPER, n. A bird of the genus Tringa.
SANDSTONE, n. [sand and stone.] Sandstone is, in most cases, composed chiefly of grains of quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous, or even silicious. The texture of some kinds is loose, of others close; the fracture is granular or earthy.
Sandstones usually consist of the materials of older rocks, as granite, broken up and comminuted, and afterwards deposited again.
SAND-WORT, n. A plant.
SANDY, a.
1. Abounding with sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as a sandy desert or plain; a sandy road or soil.
2. Consisting of sand; not firm or solid; as a sandy foundation.
3. Of the color of sand; of a yellowish red color; as sandy hair.
SANE, a. [L. sanus, Eng. sound. This is the Eng. sound. See Sound.]
1. Sound; not disordered or shattered; healthy; as a sane body.
2. Sound; not disordered; having the regular exercise of reason and other faculties of the mind; as a sane person; a person of a sane mind.
SANG, pret. of sing.
SANG FROID, n.
1. Coolness; freedom from agitation or excitement of mind.
2. Indifference.
SANGIAC, n. A Turkish governor of a province.
SANGUIFEROUS, a. [L. sanguifer; sanguis, blood, and fero, to carry.]
Conveying blood. The sanguiferous vessels are the arteries and veins.
SANGUIFICATION, n. [L. sanguis, blood, and facio, to make.]
In the animal economy, the production of blood; the conversion of chyle into blood.
SANGUIFIER, n. A producer of blood.
SANGUIFLUOUS, a. [L. sanguis, blood, and fluo, to flow.] Floating or running with blood.
SANGUIFY, v.i. To produce blood.
SANGUIFYING, ppr. Producing blood.
SANGUINARY, a. [L. sanguinarius, from sanguis, blood.]
1. Bloody; attended with much bloodshed; murderous; as a sanguinary war, contest or battle.
2. Blood thirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.
Passion - makes us brutal and sanguinary.
SANGUINARY, n. A plant.
SANGUINE, SANGUIN, a. [L. sanguineus, from sanguis, blood.]
1. Red; having the color of blood; as a sanguine color or countenance.
2. Abounding with blood; plethoric; as a sanguine habit of body.
3. Warm; ardent; as a sanguine temper.
4. Confident. He is sanguine in his expectations of success.
SANGUINE, n. Blood color. [Not in use.]
SANGUINE, v.t.
1. To stain with blood. [But ensanguine is generally used.]
2. To stain or varnish with a blood color.
SANGUINELESS, a. Destitute of blood; pale. [A bad word and little used.]
SANGUINELY, adv. Ardently; with confidence of success.
SANGUINENESS, n.
1. Redness; color of blood in the skin; as sanguineness of countenance.
2. Fullness of blood; plethory; as sanguineness of habit.
3. Ardor; heat of temper; confidence.
SANGUINEOUS, a. [L. sanguineus.]
1. Abounding with blood; plethoric.
2. Constituting blood.
SANGUINITY, for sanguineness, is not in use.
SANGUISUGE, n. [L. sanguisuga; sanguis, blood, and sugo, to suck.]
The blood-sucker; a leech, or horse leech.
SANHEDRIM, n. [Low L. synedrium; Gr. with, together and seat.]
The great council of seventy elders among the Jews, whose jurisdiction extended to all important affairs. They received appeals from inferior tribunals, and had power of life and death.
SANICLE, n. [from L. sano, to heal.] Self-heal, a plant or genus of plants, the Sanicula; also, a plant of the genus Saxifraga. The American bastard sanicle is of the genus Mitella, and the bear’s ear sanicle of the genus Cortusa.
SANIDIUM, n. A genus of fossils of the class of selenites, composed of plain flat plates.
SANIES, n. [L.] A thin acrid discharge from wounds or sores; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus.
SANIOUS, a. [from sanies.]
1. Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin; serous; as the sanious matter of an ulcer.
2. Running a thin serous matter; as a sanious ulcer.
SANITY, n. [L. sanitas. See Sane.] Soundness; particularly, a sound state of mind; the state of a mind in the perfect exercise of reason.
SANK, pret. of sink, but nearly obsolete.
SANNAH, n. The name of certain kinds of India muslins.
SANS, pret. Without.
SANSCRIT, n.
The ancient language of Hindoostan, from which are formed all the modern languages or dialects of the great peninsula of India. It is the language of the Bramins, and in this are written the ancient books of the country; but it is now obsolete. It is from the same stock as the ancient Persic, Greek and Latin, and all the present languages of Europe.
SANTER. [See Saunter.]
SANTON, n. A Turkish priest; a kind of dervis, regarded by the vulgar as a saint.
SAP, n.
1. The juice of plants of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and the bark. From the sap of a species of maple, is made sugar of a good quality by evaporation.
2. The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part of the wood, next to the bark. [A sense in general use in New England.]
SAP, v.t.
1. To undermine; to subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine.
Their dwellings were sapp’d by floods.
2. To undermine; to subvert by removing the foundation of. Discontent saps the foundation of happiness. Intrigue and corruption sap the constitution of a free government.
SAP, v.i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining.
Both assaults are carried on by sapping.
SAP, n. In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an approach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover. The single sap has only a single parapet; the double has one on each side, and the flying is made with gabions, etc. In all saps, traverses are left to cover the men.
SAPAJO, n. The sapajos form a division of the genus Simia, including such of the monkeys of America as have prehensile tails.
SAP-COLOR, n. An expressed vegetable juice inspissated by slow evaporation, for the use of painters, as sap-green, etc.
SAPID, a. [L. sapidus, from sapio, to taste.]
Tasteful; tastable; having the power of affecting the organs of taste; as sapid water.
SAPIDITY, SAPIDNESS, n. Taste; tastefulness; savor; the quality of affecting the organs of taste; as the sapidness of water or fruit.
SAPIENCE, n. [L. sapientia, from sapio, to taste, to know.]
Wisdom; sageness; knowledge.
- Still has gratitude and sapience to spare the folks that give him ha’ pence.
SAPIENT, a. Wise; sage; discerning.
There the sapient king held dalliance.
SAPIENTIAL, a. Affording wisdom or instructions for wisdom. [Not much used.]
SAPLESS, a. [from sap.]
1. Destitute of sap; as a sapless tree or branch.
2. Dry; old; husky; as a sapless usurer.
SAPLING, n. [from sap.] A young tree.
Nurse the saplings tall.
SAPONACEOUS, a. [from L. sapo, soap.] Soapy; resembling soap; having the qualities of soap. Saponaceous bodies are often formed by oil and alkali.
SAPONARY, a. Saponaceous.
SAPONIFICATION, n. Conversion into soap.
SAPONIFY, v.t. [L. sapo, soap, and facio, to make.]
To convert into soap by combination with an alkali.
SAPONULE, n. A combination of volatile or essential oil with some base.
SAPOR, n. [L.] Taste; savor; relish; the power of affecting the organs of taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments.
SAPORIFIC, a. [L. sapor and facio, to make.]
Having the power to produce taste; producing taste.
SAPOROSITY, n. The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.
SAPOROUS, a. Having taste; yielding some kind of taste.
SAPOTA, n. In botany, a tree or plant of the genus Achras.
SAPPADILLO-TREE, SAPADILLO-TREE, n. A tree of the genus Sloanea.
SAPPARE, n. A mineral or species of earth, the kyanite; called by Hauy, disthene.
SAPPED, pp. Undermined; subverted.
SAPPER, n. One who saps. In an army, sappers and miners are employed in working at saps, to protect soldiers in their approach to a besieged place, or to undermine the works.
SAPPHIC, a. saf’ic. Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poetess; as sapphic odes; Sapphic verse. The Sapphic verse consists of eleven syllables in five feet, of which the first, fourth and fifth are trochees, the second a spondee, and the third a dactyl, in the first three lines of each stanza, with a fourth consisting only of a dactyl and a spondee.
SAPPHIRE, n. [L. sapphirus; Gr. to scrape, to shine, to be fair, open, beautiful.]
A species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties. In hardness it is inferior to the diamond only. Its colors are blue, red, violet, yellow, green, white, or limpid, and one variety is chatoyant, and another asteriated or radiated.
Sapphire is a subspecies of rhomboidal corundum.
The oriental ruby and topaz are sapphires.
Sapphire is employed in jewelry and the arts.
SAPPHIRINE, a. Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the qualities of sapphire.
SAPPINESS, n. [from sappy.] The state or quality of being full of sap; succulence; juiciness.
SAPPY, a.
1. Abounding with sap; juicy; succulent.
2. Young; not firm; weak.
When he had passed this weak and sappy age -
3. Weak in intellect.
SAPPY, a. [Gr. to putrefy.] Musty; tainted. [Not in use.]
SARABAND, n.
A dance and a tune used in Spain, said to be derived from the Saracens.
SARACENIC, a.
1. Pertaining to the Saracens, inhabitants of Arabia; so called from sara, a desert.
2. Denoting the architecture of the Saracens, the modern Gothic.
SARAGOY, n. The opossum of the Molucca isles.
SARCASM, n. [L. sarcasmus; Gr. from to deride or sneer at, primarily to fly or pluck off the skin.]
A keen reproachful expression; a satirical remark or expression, uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe. Of this we have an example in the remark of the Jews respecting Christ, on the cross, “He saved others, himself he cannot save.”
SARCASTIC, SARCASTICAL, a. Bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.
What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world!
SARCASTICALLY, adv. In a sarcastic manner; with scornful satire.
SARCENET, n. A species of fine thin woven silk.
SARCOCELE, n. [Gr. flesh, and tumor.]
A spurious rupture or hernia, in which the testicle is swelled or indurated, like a scirrhus, or enlarged by a fleshy excrescence much beyond its natural size.
SARCOCOL, SARCOCOLLA, n. [Gr. compounded of flesh and glue.]
A semi-transparent solid substance, imported from Arabia and Persia in grains of a light yellow or red color. It is sometimes called a gum resin, as it partakes of the qualities of both gum and resin. It has its name from its use in healing wounds and ulcers.
SARCOLITE, n. [flesh-stone.] A substance of a vitreous nature, and of a rose flesh color, found near Vesuvius. The French call it hydrolite, water stone.
Sarcolite is a variety of analcime.
SARCOLOGICAL, a. Pertaining to sarcology.
SARCOLOGY, n. [Gr. flesh, and discourse.]
That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body, as the muscles, fat, intestines, vessels, etc.
SARCOMA, n. [Gr from flesh.] Any fleshy excrescence on an animal body.
SARCOPHAGOUS, a. [See Sarcophagus.] Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating.
SARCOPHAGUS, n. [L. from Gr. flesh and to eat.]
1. A species of stone used among the Greeks in their sculptures, which was so called because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it within a few weeks. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, and said to be found at Assos, a city of Lycia Hence,
2. A stone coffin or grave in which the ancients deposited bodies which they chose not to burn.
SARCOPHAGY, n. [supra.] The practice of eating flesh.
SARCOTIC, a. [Gr. flesh.] In surgery, producing or generating flesh.
SARCOTIC, n. A medicine or application which promotes the growth of flesh; an incarnative.
SARDACHATE, n. The clouded and spotted agate, of a pale flesh color.
SARDAN, n. A fish resembling the herring.
SARDE, SARDOIN, n. A mineral, a variety of carnelian, which displays on its surface a rich reddish brown, but when held between the eye and the light, appears of a deep blood red.
SARDEL, SARDINE, SARDIUS, n. [L. sardius; Gr. from Sardis, in Asia Minor, now Sart.] A precious stone. One of this kind was set in Aaron’s breastplate. Exodus 28:17.
SARDONIAN, SARDONIC, a. Sardonian or sardonic laughter, a convulsive involuntary laughter, so called from the herba sardonia, a species of ranunculus, which is said to produce such convulsive motions in the cheeks and lips as are observed during a fit of laughter.
SARDONIC, a. Denoting a kind of linen made at Colchis.
SARDONYX, n. [L. sardonyches, from Gr. from Sardis, a city of Asia Minor, and a nail; so named, according to Pliny, from the resemblance of its color to the flesh under the nail.]
A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to carnelian. Its color is a reddish yellow, or nearly orange. We are informed that the yellow or orange colored agate, with an undulating surface, is now often called sardonyx.
SARGUS, n. A fish of the Mediterranean, whose body is variegated with brown transverse rings, resembling the variegations of the perch. This is also a name of the gardon.
SARK, n.
1. In Scotland, a shirt.
2. A shark. [Not used.]
SARLAC, n. The grunting ox of Tartary.
SARMATIAN, SARMATIC, a. Pertaining to Sarmatia and its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians and Poles.
SARMENTOUS, a. [L. sarmentosus, from sarmentum, a twig.]
A sarmentous stem, in botany, is one that is filiform and almost naked, or having only leaves in bunches at the joints or knots, where it strikes root.
SARONIC, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica and Sparta.
SARPLAR, n. A sarplar of wool is a sack containing 80 tod; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each.
SARPLIER, n. Canvas, or a packing cloth.
SARASIN, SARRASINE, n.
1. A plant, a kind of birth wort.
2. A portcullis or herse.
SARSA, SARSAPARILLA, n. A plant, a species of Smilax, valued in medicine for its mucilaginous and farinaceous or demulcent qualities.
SARSE, n. A fine sieve; usually written searce or searse. [Little used.]
SARSE, v.t. [from the noun.] To sift through a sarse. [Little used.]
SART, n. A piece of woodland turned into arabic. [Not used in America.]
SASH, n.
1. A belt worn for ornament. Sashes are worn by military officers as badges of distinction, round the waist or over the shoulders. They are usually of silk, variously made and ornamented.
2. The frame of a window in which the lights or panes of glass are set.
She ventures now to lift the sash.