Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

אָרָה — אשׁל

אָרָה

† I. [אָרָה] vb. pluck, gather (Ethiopic አረየ )—
Qal Pf. 1 s. אָרִיתִי Ct 5:1; 3 pl. sf. וְאָרוּהָ ψ 80:13 pluck (grapes from) vine ψ 80:13, myrrh Ct 5:1.

אֲרוֹד

† אֲרוֹד n.pr.m. son of Gad Nu 26:17 = אֲרוֹדִי Gn 46:16.

† אַרְוָד n.pr.loc. city of Phenicia (Assyrian Aruada, etc. v. COT Gn 10:18 Dl^{Pa 281}; 𝔊 Ἀραδιοι; mod. Ruâd) on an island near main land, northward from Tripolis, mentioned with Sidon Ez 27:8, cf. 11.

אֲרוֹדִי

† אֲרוֹדִי adj.gent. c. art. as n.pr.coll., מִשְׁפ׳ הָא׳ Nu 26:17; without art. as n.pr. = אֲרוֹד Gn 46:16.

אַרְוָדִי

† אַרְוָדִי adj.gent. c. art. as n.coll. (Assyrian Arudai, etc. COT^Gloss) mentioned among Canaanites, הָאַרְוָדִי Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16.

אָרוּז

† [אָרוּז] adj. firm, strong (cf. Arabic أَرَزَ supr.) אֲרֻזִים Ez 27:24.

אֲרוּכָה

† אֲרוּכָה n.f. healing of a wound, restoration (properly the new flesh that grows at the wounded spot, Arabic أَرِيكَةٌ; Fi^{JPh. xiii. 114—6}, so Fl De on Is 58:8; v. also Di)—א׳ 2 Ch 24:13; Ne 4:1; אֲרֻכָה Je 30:17; 33:6; cstr. אֲרֻכַת Je 8:22; אֲרֻכָֽתְךָ Is 58:8;—always fig.
a. healing, restoration of Israel Is 58:8, here c. vb. צָמַח, elsewhere c. עָלָה; Je 8:22 (‖ רָפָא), c. עָלָה Hiph., subj. י׳, 30:17; 33:6 (‖ id.)
b. restoration of walls of temple 2 Ch 24:13, of walls of Jerusalem (cf. Fi supr.) Ne 4:1 (both c. עלה).

אֲרוּמָה

† [אֲרוּמָה] n.pr.loc. home of Abimelek (Thes Add sub ארם) Ju 9:41 בָּארוּמָה, prob. = רוּמָה 2 K 23:36, cf. Jer Lag^{Onomast. 146, 2nd ed. 178}. It must have lain near Shechem; identified by MV al. with El ʿOrmah, 2 hours SE. from Shechem (van de Velde^{Reisen ii. 268}), but this place not otherwise known; cf. Survey^{ii. 387}.

אֲרוֹן

אֲרוֹן c. art. הָאָרוֹן, הָאָרֹן₂₀₃ n.m. Ex 35, 12 (f. 1 S 4, 17; 2 Ch 8, 11) chest, ark (Ph. ארן, sarcophagus, Assyrian êrênu (& êrû) chest Zim^{BP 6, 22}, Arabic إِرَانٌ chest, so Aramaic ܐܰܪܘܽܢܳܐ also Nab. ארנא, Vog ^{p. 102}, Ph. Mish. also pl. ארונות)—only sg.; abs. †אֲרוֹן 2 K 12:10 = 2 Ch 24:8; c. art. הָאָרוֹן Dt 10:2 + always except Ex Lv Nu where הָאָרֹן (Ex 25:14^(×2) + 13 times Ex, Lv 16:2 Nu 3:31; 10:35); cstr. אֲרוֹן Ex 25:10 +, †אֲרֹן Ex 30:6 Nu 4:5; 7:89;—
†1. chest, for money-offerings 2 K 12:10, 11 2 Ch 24:8, 10, 11^(×2).
†2. sarcophagus, mummy-case, of Joseph Gn 50:26 (E).
3. chest, ark in tabernacle & temple, containing tables of law, with cherubim above, the especially seat of י׳ among his people, only Hex (71 times) S (61 times) K (12 times) & Ch (48 times) + Ju 20:27 Je 3:16 ψ 132:8; used alone & in various combinations (cf. Seyring^{ZAW 1891, 114 f.}). a. indef. אֲרוֹן עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים an ark of shittim-wood Ex 25:10; Dt 10:3 cf. v 1. b. def. הָא׳ Ex 25:14 + 54 times (Hex P, except Jos JE; S K Ch). c. א׳ יהוה Jos 4:11 + 32 times Jos (JED) S K Ch. d. א׳ אֱלֹהִים †1 S 3:3; 4:11; א׳ הָאֱלֹהִים 1 S 4:13 + 32 times S Ch (but 1 S 14:18^(×2) read הָאֵפוֹד 𝔊 We Dr), cf. א׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ †1 Ch 13:3. e. א׳ אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 S 5:7 + 6 times S, term used only by Philistines; א׳ יהוה אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל †1 Ch 15:12, 14; א׳ יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם †Jos 4:5 (JE); א׳ אֲדֹנָי יהוה †1 K 2:26; א׳ יהוה אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ †Jos 3:13 (JED) cf. אדון כל־הארץ [הברית] א׳ v 11, where הברית (c. art. is prob. interpol., v. Di, only once & late the long phrase א׳ האלהים יהוה יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים אֲשֶׁר נִקְרָא־שֵׁם 1 Ch 13:6. f. in combination with בְּרִית, largely D & under D’s influence; ארון הַבְּרִית ark of the covenant †Jos 3:6^(×2), 8; 4:9; 6:6 (all JED); א׳ בְּרִית יהוה Nu 10:33; 14:44 (both J) Dt 10:8; 31:9, 25; Jos 4:7, 18; 6:8; 8:33 Je 3:16 + 17 times S K Ch; once longer א׳ בְּרִית י׳ צְבָאוֹת ישֵׁב הַכְּרֻבִים †1 S 4:4; also א׳ בְּרִית הָאֱלֹהִים †Ju 20:27; 1 S 4:4; 2 S 15:24; 1 Ch 16:6; & א׳ בְּרִית י׳ אלהיכם Dt 31:26 Jos 3:3. g. אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת ark of the testimony, only in P, corresponding to א׳ בְּרִית (cf. Di on Ex 25:16), Ex 25:22 + 8 times Ex, †Nu 4:5; 7:89 Jos 4:16. h. †א׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ 2 Ch 35:3. i. א׳ עֻזֶּךָ֑ the ark of thy strength 2 Ch 6:41 ψ 132:8.—(Cf. also tables given by Seyringl.c. & his theory as to earliest designation of ark.)

אֲרַוְנָה

† אֲרַוְנָה n.pr.m. Araunah, a Jebusite—א׳ 2 S 24:20^(×2), 21, 22, 23^(×2) (but read עֶבֶד אֲדֹוֹנִי cf. We Dr) v 23, 24; Kt גֹּרֶן האורנה v 16 (Qr הָאֲרַוְנָה) c.art. but cf. Dr; Kt ג׳ ארניה v 18 (Qr אֲרַוְנָה); = אָרְנָן (q.v.) 1 Ch 21:15 f; 𝔊 in S & Ch Ὀρνα.

ארז

ארז (cf. Arabic أَرَزَ be firm, also withdraw, retreat).

אֶ֫רֶז

† אֶ֫רֶז n.m. ^{Ez 17:23} cedar;—f. Ez 17:22 א׳ הָרָמָה, but del. הרמה 𝔊 Co;—(Arabic أَرْزٌ pine-tree, etc.; Ethiopic አርዝ Syriac ܐܰܪܙܳܐ )—א׳ abs. Lv 14:4 + 19 times, אָ֑רֶז Jb 40:17 + 6 times; pl. אֲרָזִים Is 9:9 + 35 times; cstr. אַרְזֵי Is 2:13 + 5 times; sf. אֲרָזֶיךָ Je 22:7; Zc 11:1; אֲרָזָיו Is 37:24 = 2 K 19:23;—
1. cedar-tree, (a) as growing Nu 24:6 ψ 148:9; Is 41:19; 44:14 cf. Ez 31:8; especially as growing on Lebanon 1 K 5:13; 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18 (both in fable of Jehoash); often אַרְזֵי (הַ)לְּבָנוֹן Ju 9:15 Is 2:13; 14:8 ψ 29:5^(×2) (fig.) 104:16, cf. 1 K 5:20 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24; ψ 92:13; Ct 5:15; Ez 27:5 (sg. coll.) Zc 11:1, 2 (fig.); Ct 1:17; Ezr 3:7; Je 22:23 (fig.) Ez 17:3 (fig.); (b) especially in sim., of outward power, stateliness & majesty ψ 80:11 (א׳ אֵל) cf. Ez 31:3 (personif., but v. Co on text), Am 2:9; of individuals Je 22:7; ψ 92:13; Ez 17:22, 23; cf. other exx. of fig. use, supr.; sim. of straightness & strength Jb 40:17 (tail of hippopotamus).
2. cedar-timber, cedar-wood for building, עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים 2 S 5:11; 1 K 5:22, 24; 6:10; 9:11; 1 Ch 14:1; 22:4^(×2) 2 Ch 2:7; Ezr 3:7; without עֵץ 2 S 7:2, 7; 1 K 6:9, 15, 16, 18^(×2), 20, 36; 7:2^(×2), 3, 7, 11, 12; 10:27; 1 Ch 17:1, 6; 2 Ch 1:15; 2:2; 9:27 & Ct 8:9; Is 9:9; Je 22:14, 15 (cf. also Is 44:14; 1 K 5:20; Ez 27:5 supr.)
3. cedar-wood used in purifications, c. עֵץ Lv 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52 Nu 19:6 (all P).

אַרְזָה

† אַרְזָה n.f.coll. cedar-panels, cedar-work Zp 2:14.

אָרַח

† אָרַח vb. wander, journey, go (Ph. ארח in מארח, prob. = מְאָרֵחַ cf. Ethiopic መርሐ lead, conduct, v. Nö^{ZMG 1888, 472}; epithet of god Eshmun, Sab. ארחֿ DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. p. 70}, Aramaic אוֹרֵחַ, ܐܳܪܚܳܐ traveller)—
Qal Pf. וְאָרַח consec. Jb 34:8; Pt. אֹרֵחַ Ju 19:17 +; pl. אֹרְחִים Je 9:1;— 1. journey, go, c. עִם fig. of association, companionship Jb 34:8 וְא׳ לְחֶבְרָה עִם־פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן וְלָלֶכֶת עִם־אַנְשֵׁי־רֶֽשַׁע׃ (cf. also הלך ψ 1:1). 2. Pt. wandering, wayfaring, journeying, הָאִישׁ הָאֹרֵחַ Ju 19:17; as subst. wanderer, wayfarer, traveller אֹרֵחַ 2 S 12:4 (‖ הֵלֶךְ), Je 14:8 (‖ גֵּר, in sim. of י׳); מְלוֹן אֹרְחִים wayfarers’ lodging-place Je 9:1.

אֹ֫רַח

† אֹ֫רַח n.m. ^{Jb 6:18} (f. ^{Pr 15:19}) way, path (Assyrian urḫu COT^Gloss, Aramaic אֹרַח, ܐܘܽܪܚܳܐ )—א׳ abs. ψ 19:6 +; cstr. Pr 4:18 +; sf. אָרְחִי Jb 19:8 ψ 139:3 < Inf. cstr.; pl. abs. אֳרָחוֹת Ju 5:6^(×2); cstr. אָרְחוֹת Jb 8:13 +; sf. אָרְחֹתָ֑י Jb 13:27; 33:11; אָרְחוֹתָם Jo 2:7 אֹ׳ Pr 9:15; אָרְחֹתֵיהֶם Pr 2:15; also אֹרְחֹתָיו Is 2:3 +; אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ ψ 119:15 + etc.;—way, path (in Heb. mostly poet.)
1. lit. Ju 5:6^(×2) song of Deb. (alone = highways, opp. א׳ עֲקַלְקַלּוֹת crooked (by-) paths; cf. also הֹלְכֵי נְתִיבוֹת ib.); Is 33:8 עֹבֵר א׳ = wayfarer (‖ מְסִלּוֹת), v. also Gn 49:17 (blessing of Jacob) (‖ דֶּרֶךְ) & הַמְיַשְּׁרִים אֹרְחוֹתָם those who make straight their ways (‖ עֹבְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ) Pr 9:15, בּוֹא א׳ go (tread) a path Is 41:3; of course of locusts Jo 2:7 לֹא יְעַבְּטוּן א׳ they confuse not their paths (‖ דְּרָכָיו); א׳ יַמִּים paths of the seas ψ 8:9; רוּץ אֹרַח run along a path, fig. of sun ψ 19:6.
2. fig. path, way, of course & fortunes of life Jb 8:13; 13:27 = 33:11; 19:8 (‖ נְתִיבוֹת) ψ 139:3 (‖ רבע), 142:4 (‖ נְתִיבָה) Pr 3:6 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ) 4:18; 15:19 (both ‖ id.) Is 26:7 (‖ מַעְגָּל) so דֶּרֶךְ אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ Is 3:12; plain or even path א׳ מִישׁוֹר ψ 27:11; in two cases with a special ref. (1) אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gn 18:11 (J) of menstruation; (2) אֹרַח לֹא אָשׁוּב אֶהֱלֹךְ a path (which) I shall not return, I am going Jb 16:22 i.e. to Sh^eʾôl, cf. Assyrian name of lower world irṣit lâ târat, land without return, v. Jr ¹⁰, ⁶⁵.
3. fig. way, of mode of living, or of character Jb 34:11 (‖ פֹּעַל) ψ 119:9. Specif.: a. ways of י׳, his mode of action ψ 25:10; b. of man’s righteousness, called ways of י׳ ψ 25:4 (‖ דְּרָכִים) 44:19; 119:15 (‖ פִּקּוּדִים) Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 (‖ דְּרָכִים) cf. א׳ מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Is 26:8; also way of justice, uprightness, etc. א׳ מִשְׁפָּט Pr 2:8 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ) 17:23 Is 40:14 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ), א׳ ישֶׁר Pr 2:13 (‖ id.), א׳ צְדָקָה 8:20 (‖ נְתִיבוֹת), 12:28 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ נְתִיבָה); so אֹרַח alone Is 30:11 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ) Pr 15:10; note especially אֹרַח חַיִּים, path of life, in righteousness & enjoyment of God ψ 16:11; Pr 2:19; 5:6; 15:24 (opp. שְׁאוֹל), also א׳ לְחַיִּים 10:17 (on these cf. Str Pr 14:32); c. of wickedness, א׳ פָּרִיץ way, path of the violent ψ 17:4, cf. also Pr 22:25; א׳ רְשָׁעִים Pr 4:14 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ), א׳ בֹּצֵעַ 1:19; sq. abstr. א׳ שָׁ֑קֶר ψ 119:104, so v 128 (‖ פִּקּוּדִים), also c. adj. א׳ רָע ψ 119:101 cf. Pr 2:15 (עִקְּשִׁים crooked) called הָא׳ עוֹלָם Jb 22:15; note also א׳ אֵידָם their destructive ways, i.e. ways that cause destruction Jb 30:12 (cf. 19:12).
4. by meton. traveller, wayfarer Jb 31:32 (cf. הֵלֶךְ 2 S 12:4) & in pl. caravans 6:18, 19; but read perhaps לָאֹרֵחַ 31:32, אֹרְחוֹת 6:18 (v. לָפַת), 19.

אָרַח²

† אָרַח n.pr.m. (traveller?)
1. a man of Asher 1 Ch 7:39.
2. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:5 = Ne 7:10; perhaps = אָרַ֑ח Ne 6:18.

אֲרֻחָה

† אֲרֻחָה n.f. meal, allowance (of food) abs. Je 40:5; cstr. אֲרֻחַת יָרָק Pr 15:17 a portion of herbs, i.e. a slender meal; elsewhere of allowance given to captive king Jehoiachin, א׳ תָּמִיד a continual allowance 2 K 25:30 = Je 52:34; אֲרֻחָתוֹ ib. = id.

אֹרְחָה

† [אֹרְחָה] n.f. travelling company, caravan (strictly Pt. of אָרַח), cstr. אֹרְחַת Gn 37:25; pl. cstr. אֹרְחוֹת Is 21:13; cf. also sub אֹרַח, 4.

אֲרִי

† אֲרִי n.m. ^{Pr 28:15} lion (Assyrian aria, Ethiopic አርዌ wild beast, cf. also אַרְיֵה infr.)—אֲרִי Am 3:12 + 13 times + 2 S 23:20 Qr (Kt אריה), La 3:10 (id.) + ψ 22:17 (כָּֽאֲרִי for wh. read כארו = כָּרוּ cf. De Pe Che crit. note); pl. אֲרָיִים 1 K 10:20; אֲרָיוֹת (also m.) Zp 3:3 + 16 times (f. Je 51:38? but cf. Ju 14:5);—lion, lit. in narrative Ju 14:5; 1 S 17:34, 36, 37; 2 S 23:20 = 1 Ch 11:22; 2 K 17:25, 26; Pr 22:13; 26:13 Ct 4:8 cf. Am 3:12; 5:19; lion-images 1 K 7:29^(×2), 36; 10:19, 20 = 2 Ch 9:18, 19; in comparison Nu 23:24; 24:9 Ju 14:18; Is 38:13; Je 51:38; 2 S 1:33; Ez 22:25; La 3:10; metaph. Na 2:12; Zp 3:3; Je 50:17; Ez 19:2, 6 Pr 28:15. For כארי ψ 22:17 read כארו, cf. above. Cf. also אַרְיֵה.

אֲרִיאֵל

† I. אֲרִיאֵל 1. n.pr.f. (Ew; v. p. 1120) Ariel (lioness of Ēl) name applied to Jerusalem Is 29:1^(×2), 2^(×2), 7 (so Ges Ew Che Di al.; 𝔗 De Brd Or al. say hearth of Ēl, cf. אֲרִאֵיל). Du Is 29:1 (q.v.) makes 1 = אֲרִיאֵיל, from אָרָה + ל afform., hearth (not + אֵל hearth of †El).
2. n.pr.m. a chief man among returning exiles Ezr 8:16.
3. אֲרִאֵל מוֹאָב 2 S 23:20 = אֲרִיאֵל מ׳ 1 Ch 11:22 taken by 𝔊 RV Dr^Sm al. as n.pr.m., read two sons of Ariel of Moab; RS^{Sem i. 469} comp. אראל MI 12, altar-hearth (so Sm & So, and Dr^{Sm xci}, v. sub אֲרִיאֵיל) and transl. א׳ מוֹאָב altar-hearths of Moab.
4. Ez 43:15 & Qr v 15, 16 vid. sub אֲרִאֵיל.

אֲרִיאֵל²

אֲרִיאֵל, אֲרִיאֵיל etc., v. I. & II. ארה.

אֲרִידַי

† אֲרִידַי n.pr.m. a son of Haman Est 9:9 (Pers., perhaps = haridayas, delight of Hari, v. Add Thes⁷²; but text very uncertain; cf. diff. tradition as to the names in 𝔊).

אֲרִידָ֑תָא

† אֲרִידָ֑תָא n.pr.m. a son of Haman Est 9:8 (Pers., perhaps = Hari-dâta, given by Hari, v. ib., but 𝔊 Φαραδαθα).

אַרְיֵה

† אַרְיֵה n.m. ^{Am 3:8} lion (𝔗 id. Syriac ܐܰܪܝܳܐ, cf. also אֲרִי supr.)—only sg. as above Am 3:4 + 44 times + 2 S 23:20 Kt (Qr אֲרִי) La 3:10 (id.);—lion, lit. in narrative Ju 14:8^(×2), 9; 2 S 23:20; 1 K 13:24^(×2), 25, 26, 28 (c. עמדים text error according to Klo) 28; 20:36^(×2) cf. Is 11:7; 35:9; 65:25; in simile Gn 49:9; 2 S 17:10; ψ 7:3; 10:9; 17:12; 22:14; Is 21:8; 31:4 Je 2:30; 12:8; 49:19; 50:44; La 3:10; (Kt) Ez 1:10; 10:14; 1 Ch 12:8; Ho 11:10; Jo 1:6; Mi 5:7, cf. Am 3:4, 8 Ec 9:4; metaph. Gn 49:9; Dt 33:22; Jb 4:10; ψ 22:22 Is 15:9; Je 4:7; 5:6; Na 2:12^(×2), 13.

אֻרְיָה

† [אֻרְיָה] n.f. manger, crib (Aramaic אוּרְיָא, ܐܘܽܪܝܳܐ, Arabic آرِىٌّ stall, etc., Assyrian urû Dl^{BAS i. 211})—Pl. אֻרָוֹת 2 Ch 32:28 (Aramaic form for אֳרָוֹת; cf. Lag^{BN 172}); cstr. אֻרְוֹת 1 K 5:6, אֻֽרְיוֹת 2 Ch 9:25;—crib of horses 1 K 5:6 (app. in enumeration of horses themselves, Eng. head, or span, cf. also 2 Ch 9:25 with 1 K 10:26; so Th MV, but text here dub. cf. Klo), hence 2 Ch 9:25; of any animals (כל־בהמה) 2 Ch 32:28 (on לַאֲ׳ v. Add.). Vulg.Ar. آرِيٌّ = manger Moḥiṭ^{19, 15} (GFM, privately), cf. Lane^{51 c.}. Also pl. אֲוֵרוֹת 2 Ch 32:28 b (read prob. וְאֻרָות לָעֲדָרִים 𝔊 𝔙 Kit Benz al.).

אַרְיֵה²

† אַרְיֵה n.pr.m. so appar. 2 K 15:25 an officer of Pekahiah, but c. art. הָאַרְיֵה, & on text with possible corruption & dittography v. Klo.

אַרְיוֹךְ

† אַרְיוֹךְ n.pr.m. king of Ellasar Gn 14:1, 9, ally of Chedorlaomer in his western foray (prob. = Rim-Aku, Elamite king of Larsa = Ellasar; cf. COT ^{ii. 297 f.}). On Rim-Aku (= Eri-Aku?), v. now also Dr^{Comm. Gn. 156 ff.}; Zim^{KAT3 367} thinks identification very dubious.

אֻרִים

† אֻרִים n.[m.]pl. region of light, East Is 24:15 (so Ges MV Ew De Di RV; Lo Hi Kn Che read איים = coasts, so Cdd. 𝔊;—𝔊 mostly om. 𝔙 in doctrina, thinking of Urim, vid. Br^{MP 297}).

אֲרִיסַי

† אֲרִיסַי n.pr.m. son of Haman Est 9:9; Αρσαιος.

אֶ֫רֶךְ

† אֶ֫רֶךְ n.pr.loc. city in Babylonia (Bab. Uruk), mod. Warka on left bank of Euphrates, c. 40 miles NW. from Ur (אוּר) towards Babylon; cf. Loftus^{CS 162 f.} Dl^{Pa 221 f.} Gn 10:10 (v. Ezr 4:9).

אָרֵךְ

† [אָרֵךְ] adj. long—only cstr. אֶ֫רֶךְ Ex 34:6 + 14 times—א׳ הָאֵבֶר long of pinion Ez 17:3 (‖ גְּדוֹל הַכְּנָפַיִם) of eagle, in metaph.; elsewhere always of feelings, as subst. Ec 7:8 א׳ רוּחַ the patient of spirit (opp. גְּבַהּ ר׳); א׳ אַפַּיִם one slow to anger Pr 14:29 (opp. קְצַר־רוּחַ), so 15:18 (opp. אִישׁ חֵמָה), 16:32 (‖ מֹשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ); more often of י׳, א׳ אַפַּיִם, Ex 34:6 רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן א׳ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת cf. Nu 14:18 Ne 9:17 ψ 86:15; 103:8; 145:8; so + וְנִחָם עַל־הָרָעָה Jo 2:13 cf. Jon 4:2 (where אֵל), א׳ אַפַּיִם וּגְדוֹל כֹּחַ Na 1:3; לְאֶרֶךְ אַפְּךָ only Je 15:15, א׳ appar. noun; read אֹרֶךְ? cf. Pr 25:15.

אָרַךְ

† [אָרַךְ, אָרֵךְ] vb. be long, almost always of time (Assyrian arâku COT^Gloss, Aramaic אֲרַךְ, ܐܶܪܰܟ )—
Qal Pf. אָֽרְכוּ Gn 26:8; Impf. יַאַרְכוּ Ez 12:22; 3 fpl. וַתֶּאֱרַכְנָה Ez 31:5 (del. B Co)—be long, subj. הַיָּמִים (i.e. a long time passed Gn 26:8 (J); cf. Assyrian urriku ûmî, days grew long, Creation Tablet^a v. COT Gn 1:1); of delayed fulfilment of prophecy Ez 12:22; subj. פֹּארֹת Ez 31:5 (but cf. supr.)
Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱרִיךְ Pr 19:11; וְהַאֲרַכְתָּ֫ Dt 22:7, etc.; Impf. יַאֲרִיךְ Dt 17:20 +; יַאֲרִיכוּ Dt 25:15; יַאֲרִכוּן Ex 20:12 cf. Dt 5:16; 6:2; תַּאֲרִיכֻן Dt 4:26; 30:18, etc.; Imv. fs. הַאֲרִיכִי Is 54:2: Inf. cstr. הַאֲרִיךְ Nu 9:19, 22; Pt. מַאֲרִיךְ Ec 7:15; 8:12;— 1. trans. prolong, (a) obj. יָמִים (i.e. live long) Dt 4:26, 40; 5:30; 11:9; 17:20; 22:7; 30:18; 32:47 Jos 24:31 = Ju 2:7 (c. אַחֲרֵי = survive), Pr 28:16; Is 53:10; Ec 8:13; also (late) without ימים Ec 7:15; 8:12; (b) id. 1 K 3:14 י׳ subj. וְהַאֲרַכְתִּי אֶת־יָמֶיךָ I will prolong thy days; (c) postpone anger Is 48:9 cf. Pr 19:11 (i.e. shew oneself slow to anger); v. also Jb 6:11 אַאֲרִיךְ נַפְשִׁי i.e. be patient; (d) lit. (but in fig.) make long furrows (c. ל) ψ 129:3; tentcords Is 54:2; tongue 57:4 (stretch out in mockery). 2. intrans. grow long, continue long (i.e. display length or continuance), subj. יָמִים Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16; 6:2; 25:15; tarry long Nu 9:19, 22 (subj. הֶעָנָן), last (continue) long, subj. כֵּן Pr 28:2; be long (lit.) of staves of ark 1 K 8:8; 2 Ch 5:9.

אָרֹךְ

† [אָרֹךְ] adj. long—only fs. abs. אֲרֻכָּה;—
a. of time, הַמִּלְחָמָה א׳ long war 2 S 3:1; of the exile Je 29:28;
b. fig. of God’s wisdom א׳ מֵאֶרֶץ מִדָּהּ Jb 11:9 (‖ רְחָבָה מִנִּי־יָם).

אֹ֫רֶךְ

אֹ֫רֶךְ₉₄ n.[m.] length—only sg., א׳ abs. Ex 27:1 +; cstr. Gn 6:15; אָרְכּוֹ Ex 25:10 +; אָרְכָּם 2 Ch 3:11; אָרְכָּן Ez 42:11, etc.—
a. length of ark Gn 6:15 (P), of land of Canaan 13:17 (J); most often of ark & other measurements in tabernacle & temple Ex 25:10, 17; 26:2, 8; 27:1, 9 + (22 times Ex, P), 1 K 6:2, 3, 20 + (13 times K & Ch), Ez 40:7, 11, 18 + (41 times Ez), etc.
b. of time א׳ יָמִים Dt 30:20; Jb 12:12; ψ 21:5; 23:6; 91:16; 93:5 Pr 3:2, 16; La 5:20.
c. א׳ אַפַּיִם forbearance, self-restraint, Pr 25:15.—(Ez 31:7 𝔊 𝔖 Co read רֹב for אֹרֶךְ, cf. v 5 where Co del. vb. ארך; 41:22 read prob. אדנו 𝔊 Sm, or אדניו Co = base.)

אַרְכִּי

† אַרְכִּי adj.gent. (deriv. unknown) applied to חוּשַׁי 2 S 15:32; 16:16; 17:5, 14; 1 Ch 27:33; with art. = n. coll. גְּבוּל הָא׳ Jos 16:2 (not far from Bethel).

ארם

ארם (√ of following; cf. רום?).

אֲרָם

אֲרָם₁₄₉ n.pr.m. Aram (Assyrian Aramu, etc., v. Dl^{Pa 257}; Thes al. proposes √ארם = רום but cf. Nö as below)—
1. 5th son of Shem Gn 10:22, 23; 1 Ch 1:17.
2. grandson of Nahor Gn 22:21.
3. 1 Ch 2:23.
4. a descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:34.—Elsewhere only of Aramæan people & land (= 1 supr.), f. 2 S 8:5 m. 2 S 10:14. a. people, sg. coll. = the Aramæans, a leading branch of the Shemitic stock inhabiting Mesopotamia & northern Syria, in many tribes & settlements; 2 S 8:5^(×2), 6 + 1 K 20:20, 21 + 1 Ch 19:10, 12 + (64 times S K Ch) Am 9:7 Is 7:2, 4, 5, 8; 9:11; 17:3 Je 35:11; so Ez 16:57; 27:16, but Co in both אדום; עַם אֲרָם Am 1:5; of particular divisions of Aramaic, א׳ בית רְחוֹב 2 S 10:6, א׳ צוֹבָא 2 S 10:6, 8 ψ 60:2 (title), א׳ דַּמֶּשֶׂק 2 S 8:5 cf. 1 Ch 18:5, even א׳ נַהֲרַיִם ψ 60:2 (title); (note that Assyrian never gives name Aramu to people W. of Euphrates, but Chatti instead, with other particular names, COT Gn 10:22, also Dl^l.c.); on 2 S 8:12, 13 1 Ch 18:11 v. אֱדוֹם. b. less often clearly of land, Aramaic Nu 23:7 2 S 15:8 + 2 Ch 20:2 (read however here אדום Thes Add al.), שְׂדֵה א׳ Ho 12:13; also of particular divisions of the territory א׳ נַהֲרַיִם ‘Mesopotamia,’ i.e. prob. land between Euphrates & Chaboras, so Di after Kiep, Gn 24:10; Dt 23:5; Ju 3:8 (cf. ψ 60:2 supr.); cf. פַּדַּן א׳ Paddan-Aram Gn 25:20; 31:18; 33:18; 35:9, 26; 46:15, פַּדֶּ֫נָה א׳ 28:2, 5, 6, 7 v. פדן; א׳ דַּמֶּשֶׂק 2 S 8:6 cf. 1 Ch 18:6. c. often indeterminate, especially in מֶלֶךְ א׳ etc., perhaps primarily land but often including people: so Ju 2:10; 10:6 (אֱלֹהֵי א׳) 1 K 10:29 + 2 Ch 1:17 + (41 times K & Ch) Is 7:1.—(Cf. especially Nö^{Schenkel BL, ZMG 1871, 113; Hermes v. 3, 443 f.} Dl^{Pa 257}.)

אַרְמוֹן

† אַרְמוֹן n.m. ^{Is 32:14} citadel—א׳ abs. Je 30:18 +; cstr. Is 25:2; pl. אַרְמְנוֹת abs. Am 3:9^(×2); cstr. 1:4 +; אַרְמְנוֹתֵינוּ Mi 5:4 +, etc.—citadel, castle, palace, not used before royal period, mostly in prophets, especially common in Am & Je; citadel as securely barred (in sim.) Pr 18:19; א׳ בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ i.e. the citadel, stronghold 1 K 16:18, cf. 2 K 15:25; usually more general, of castles, palaces, prominent buildings; especially used in speaking of conquest, because the fine buildings would be especially object of attack & plunder, palaces of Isr. Am 6:8; of Jerusalem Is 32:14 (sg. coll.) La 2:5, 7; 2 Ch 36:19; ψ 48:4, 14; 122:7 cf. Ho 8:14; Mi 5:4; Am 2:5; Je 17:27; of Samaria Am 3:10, 11; also Je 6:5; 9:20 belonging to Benhadad (i.e. Aramaic) Am 1:4 Je 49:27; of Tyre Is 23:13; Am 1:10; of Babylon Is 25:2 (sg. coll.), cf. 13:22 where read אַרְמְנוֹתָיו for אלמנותיו so 𝔖 𝔗 𝔙 Che Di (‖ היכלים; cf. Ez 19:7 according to 𝔗 al.; Dl^{BD xi} defends MT in Ez 19:7 & comp. Assyrian almattu, fortress); of Edom Is 34:13, of Gaza Am 1:7, of Rabbah 1:14, of Bozrah 1:12, of Kerioth 2:2, of Ashdod 3:9, of Egypt 3:9.

אֲרַמִּי

† אֲרַמִּי adj.gent. Aramæan, c. art. הָא׳ Gn 25:20^(×2); 28:5; 31:20, 24 2 K 5:20; of Israel א׳ אֹבֵד Dt 26:5; pl. אֲרַמִּים 2 K 8:28, 29 (‖ אֲרָם) 9:15 (‖ id.); הָרַמִּים (= הָא׳) 2 Ch 22:5 (‖ id.); פִּילַגְשׁוֹ הָאֲרַמִּיָּה 1 Ch 7:14 his Aramæan concubine.—(ארומים Kt 2 K 16:6 read rather Qr אֲדוֹמִים.)

אֲרָמִית

† אֲרָמִית adv. only of language in Aramaic 2 K 18:26 = Is 36:11 Ezr 4:7^(×2) Dn 2:4.

אַרְמֹנִי

† אַרְמֹנִי n.pr.m. a son of Saul (palatinus) 2 S 21:8.

ארן

I. ארן (cf. Arabic أَرِنَ alacer, lœtus fuit; possible √ of following).

אֲרָן

† אֲרָן n.pr.m. a descendant of Esau (? Aramaic ܐܰܪܢܳܐ wild-goat) Gn 36:28 = 1 Ch 1:42 (v. also דִּישָׁן).

אֹ֫רֶן

† I. אֹ֫רֶן n.[m.] fir or cedar (Assyrian erinu COT^Gloss, Mish. pl. ארנים) Is 44:14 (‖ אֶרֶז, תִּרְזָה, אַלּוֹן, עֲצֵי יַעַר).

ארן²

II. ארן (√ assumed for foll. word, cf. Sta^{§ 208 c}; Dl^{Pr 125} argues for √ ארה (so Thes), on ground of an Assyrian êrû, synon. of êrênu.)

אֹ֫רֶן²

† II. אֹ֫רֶן n.pr.m. (fir-tree) a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:25.

ארנבן

† ארנבן n.pr.loc. whence wine, so Co Ez 27:19 for MT וְדָן וְיָוָן; cf. Assyrian wine of Aranabanim.

אַרְנֶבֶת

† אַרְנֶבֶת n.f. hare (Arabic أَرْنَبٌ, Syriac ܐܰܪܢܶܒܳܐ, Assyrian annabu, as springer?) eating of it forbidden Lv 11:6 (P) Dt 14:7.

אַרְנֶ֫בֶת

אַרְנֶ֫בֶת v. אנב.

אַרְנוֹן

† אַרְנוֹן, אַרְנֹן n.pr.fl. Arnon, wady & stream in Moab (MI ארנן, Thes Add Rob Ges MV der. from רנן, i.e. the rushing, roaring stream)—אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:13^(×2), 14 + 12 times, אַרְנֹן Nu 21:28 + 10 times—called boundary between Moab & Amorites Nu 21:13 Ju 11:18, 22 cf. גְּבוּל אַרְנֹן Nu 22:36; often נַחַל אַרְנֹן Dt 2:24, 36; 3:8, 12, 16; 4:48; 2 K 10:33; נ׳ אַרְנוֹן Jos 12:1, 2; 13:9, 16; הַנְּחָלִים אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:14; i.e. the stream-ravines that unite to form Arnon, cf. Di: also בַּמוֹת אַרְנֹן heights of Arnon Nu 21:28; מעברות אַרְנוֹן fords of Arnon Is 16:2; elsewhere Nu 21:13, 24, 26; Ju 11:13, 18, 26; syn. of Moab Je 48:20; (cf. Tristr^{Moab 125 f.}; mod. Môjib)

ארניה

ארניה v. אֲרַוְנָה.

אַרְנָן

† אַרְנָן n.pr.m. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:21.

אָרְנָן

† אָרְנָן n.pr.m. a Jebusite, whose threshing-floor was bought by David to erect an altar 1 Ch 21:15, 18, 20^(×2), 21^(×2), 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, & according to 2 Ch 3:1 became site of temple; called אֲרַוְנָה 2 S 24:16 f. q.v.

אַרְפַּד

† אַרְפַּד n.pr.loc. city in northern Syria (Assyrian Arpadda Dl^{Pa 275})—א׳ Is 10:9 elsewhere אַרְפָּ֑ד; c. 15 miles N. of Aleppo, mod. Tel Erfâd; in OT only as conquered by Assyria, always named with Hamath, etc. 2 K 18:34; 19:13 = Is 36:19; 37:13 (on 𝔊 Ῥαφέθ = Ἀρφάθ cf. Lag^{BN 78}), also Is 10:9; Je 49:23; (cf. Nö^{ZMG 1871, 258} Kiep^{ib. 655}.)

אַרְפַּכְשַׁד

† אַרְפַּכְשַׁד n.pr.m. 3rd son of Shem א׳ Gn 10:22, 24; 11:12, 13; 1 Ch 1:17, 18, 24; אַרְפַּכְשָׁ֑ד Gn 11:10, 11; doubtless a geogr. name (deriv. & meaning dub., Thes der. from أُرْفَةٌ boundary (stem أَرَفَ define, limit), cf. also Ethiopic አረፍት wall, + כשׁד = כֶּשֶׂד, i.e. Chaldean; so Schr^COT Gn 10:22 who identifies with Babylonia (cf. Gn 11:12 f. & אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים v 28, 31); v. another interpr. Dl^{Pa 255}, according to most = Arrapachitis on Upper Zab, NE. from Nineveh, Assyrian Arbaḫa, Armen. Albak Lag^{Armen. Stud. 55 & reff.} so Bö MV, Di Gn 10:22 Lag^{Sy i. 54} Nö^{ZMG 1882, 182}; but Assyrian Arbaḫa is unfavourable to this).

אֶ֫רֶץ

אֶ֫רֶץ₂₄₀₇ n.f. Gn 10:11 & (seld.) m. Ez 21:24 earth, land (Ph. MI ארץ, Assyrian irṣitu COT^Gloss, Arabic أَرْضٌ, Sab. ארץֿ e.g. Os 9 DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Sem. Sprachf. 12}, cf. Prä^{BAS i. 374 n.}, Aramaic אֲרַע, ܐܰܪܥܳܐ )—א׳ abs. Gn 1:24 +; cstr. 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ 1:10 +; c. art. always הָאָ֫רֶץ 1:11 +; c. ה—ָloc. אַ֫רְצָה 11:31 +, (poet. = אָרֶץ Jb 34:13; cf. 1 S 25:23 1 K 1:31); sf. אַרְצִי 20:15 + אַרְצְךָ (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) 12:1 +, etc.; pl. אֲרָצוֹת Je 28:8 + 65 times; cstr. אַרְצוֹת Ez 39:27 + 6 times; sf. אַרְצֹתָם Gn 10:5 + 2 times;—
1. a. earth, whole earth (opp. to a part) Gn 18:18, 25; 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה 12:3) Je 25:26, 29, 30; 26:6 Is 37:16, 20 = 2 K 19:15, 19 Zc 4:10, 14 +. b. earth, opp. to heaven, sky Gn 1:2 Ex 20:4 Dt 5:8; 30:19 Ju 5:4 La 2:1 Is 37:16 = 2 K 19:15 ψ 146:6 1 Ch 21:16; 29:11 2 Ch 2:11 +; as permanent Ec 1:4; built on foundations, or pillars 1 S 2:8 ψ 104:5 Jb 38:4 Is 48:13; 51:13, 16 cf. also Is 24:18 ψ 82:5; firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1 S 14:5 2 S 22:8 = ψ 18:8 Jb 9:6 cf. ψ 46:3 & v 7; so also Am 8:8 Is 2:19, 21; 24:18, 19, 20 ψ 60:4; 77:19; 99:1; 114:7; as hung on nothing Jb 26:7; with waters under it Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8 cf. Gn 7:11; personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Dt 32:1 Je 6:19; 22:29 Is 1:2 Mi 1:2 Jb 16:18. c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gn 6:11; 11:1 1 K 2:2; 10:24 ψ 33:8; 66:4 + cf. תֵּבֵל א׳ Pr 8:31 Jb 37:12.
2. land = a. country, territory, א׳ שִׁנְעָר Gn 10:10, א׳ מִצְרַיִם 21:21; cf. also 10:11; 11:28, 31; 13:10; 47:6, 27; 50:8 Is 7:18; 23:1, 13; 27:13 ψ 78:12 Je 25:20 1 Ch 1:43; personif. Is 62:4 Ec 10:16, 17. b. district, region Gn 19:28; 22:2 Jos 11:3 ψ 42:7. c. tribal territory Dt 34:2 Ju 21:21 1 S 9:4, 16; 13:7 1 K 15:20 Is 8:23; and still smaller territories 1 S 9:4, 5. d. piece of ground Gn 23:15. e. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel Gn 11:31; 12:1, 5, 6, 7; 31:3 Lv 14:34 Dt 17:14; 18:9 2 K 5:2, 4 +; especially obj. of יָרַשׁ possess Dt 3:20 + often Dt ψ al.; so after נָחַל Jos 19:49 +; נָתַן Dt 1:21 +. f. = inhabitants of land Lv 19:29 Ez 14:13 + cf. Dt 24:4 Zc 12:12 etc. g. used even of Sh^eʾôl Jb 10:21, 22 (cf. Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, v. Jr ^10.65); v. also ψ 139:15 Is 44:23.
3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q.v. Gn 1:26, 30; 18:2; 33:3; 38:9 Ex 4:3; 16:14 Ru 2:10 1 S 5:4 + very often in S. b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gn 1:11, 12 Lv 19:9; 25:19; 26:4 cf. Nu 14:7, 8 Is 36:17 = 2 K 18:32 ψ 72:6, 16; 107:34, 35 Ezr 9:12 Ne 9:35.
4. אֶרֶץ in phrases: a. people of the land עַם־הָא׳ of non-Israelites Gn 23:7, 12, 13 (P) Nu 14:9 (JE); as well as Isr. Lv 20:4 (H) 2 K 15:5; 16:15; 21:24^(×2); especially common people, opp. officials, princes Lv 4:27 (P) Ez 7:27 2 K 11:18, 19. †b. in measurements of distance, כִּבְרַת הָא׳ the space or distance of country (v. כּברה) Gn 35:16, so כִּבְרַת א׳ some distance Gn 48:7 2 K 5:19. c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר the country of the plain, level or plain country Dt 4:33 Je 48:21; א׳ מִישׁוֹר fig. ψ 143:10 (but read אֹרַח 𝔖 Bi Gr Che, cf. ψ 27:11). d. א׳חַיִּים land of the living ψ 27:13; א׳ הַחַיִּים ψ 142:6 +. e. קְצֵה הָא׳ end(s) of the earth Is 42:10; 43:6 (‖ רָחוֹק) ψ 135:7 Pr 17:24, so אַפְסֵי א׳ Pr 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָא׳ Is 40:28; 41:5, 9.
5. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Je 16:15 + 6 times Je; 23 times Ez; Is 36:20; 37:11 = 2 K 18:35; 19:11 (Is 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם v. Che Di & cf. 2 K 19:17); 22 times Chr; Dn 9:7; 11:40, 42; ψ 105:44; 106:27; 107:3; 116:9; besides these only P Gn 10:5, 20, 31 Lv 26:36, 39, except Gn 26:3, 4 (J^R) 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., v. especially abs. Ez 20:32; 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel’s control Gn 26:3, 4, cf. 1 Ch 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Ch 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

אַרְצָא

† אַרְצָא n.pr.m. chamberlain of Zimri 1 K 16:9.

אָרַר

[אָרַר] vb. curse (Assyrian arâru Zim^{BP 68}; on relation of meanings bind & curse in Assyrian v. Dl^{Pr 101})—Qal Pf. 1 s. וְאָרוֹתִ֫י, אָרוֹתִיהָ Mal 2:2; Impf. 2 ms. תָּאֹר Ex 22:27 Nu 22:6, 12; אָאֹר Gn 12:3; Imv. אָ֫רָה־ Nu 22:6; 23:7; אוֹרוּ, אֹרוּ & Inf. abs. אָרוֹר all Ju 5:23; Pt. אֹרְרֵי Jb 3:8; אֹרְרֶיךָ Gn 27:29 Nu 24:9; אָרוּר Gn 3:14 + 36 times etc.;—curse ‖ בֵּרֵךְ bless, chiefly in poetic & legal sources of JED & later imitations: Gn 12:3; 27:29 (J) Nu 22:6, 12; 23:7; 24:9 (E) Ex 22:27 (E) Mal 2:2; אֹרוּ אָרוֹר ישְׁבֶיהָ = curse for ever her inhabitants Ju 5:23; אֹרְרֵי יוֹם cursers of the day (magicians whose imprecations made days unlucky) Jb 3:8. Pt. pass. אָרוּר, chiefly as exclamation, ‖ בָּרוּךְ Gn 3:14, 17; 4:11; 9:25; 27:29; 49:7 Nu 24:9 (E, poet.) Dt 27:15—26 Ju 21:18 1 S 14:24, 28; 26:19 Je 11:3; 17:5; 20:14, 15; 48:10^(×2) Mal 1:14; אֲרוּרִים הַשֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֹתֶיךָ cursed be those who wander from thy commands ψ 119:21 (𝔊 𝔖 Jer De Ri), הָאֲרוּרָה הַזֹּאת this cursed woman 2 K 9:34.
†Niph. Pt. נֵאָרִים cursed Mal 3:9.
†Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. אֵרֲרָהּ curse, lay under a curse Gn 5:29 (J); Pt. הַמַּיִם הַמְאָרְרִים the curse-bringing waters Nu 5:18—27 (P 6 times waters destroying the perjured adulteress drinking them).
†Hoph. Impf. יוּאָ֑ר be cursed Nu 22:6 (E).

אֲרָרַט

† אֲרָרַט n.pr.terr. Ararat (Assyrian Urarṭu COT^Gloss, cf. Lag^{Armen. Stud. § 100})—א׳ Je 51:27; אֲרָרָ֑ט Gn 8:4 + 3 times—a district in Eastern Armenia between the river Araxes & lakes Van & Oroomiah, cf. KGF; to this prob. ref. in 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38 אֶרֶץ א׳; also Gn 8:4 הָרֵי א׳, where the ark rested; used perhaps with wider ref. Je 51:27 מַמְלְכוֹת א׳ (‖ מִנִּי, אַשְׁכְּנַז).

אֲרָרִי

אֲרָרִי v. הֲרָרִי.

ארשׁ

ארשׁ (to desire, request. Assyrian erêšu Dl^{Pr 55}).

אָרַשׂ

† [אָרַשׂ] vb. betroth (Mish. ארס, Ph. ארש in n.pr., Lag^{Sem i. 50} connects with Arabic أَرْشٌ a fine, lit. pay the price, & so gain the right of possession; cf. Aramaic אָרִיס one who farms land; Assyrian mirsu, tribute, Zehnpf ^{BAS i. 518})—only Pi. Pu.;
Pi. Pf. 3 ms. אֵרַשׂ Dt 20:7; אֵרַשְׂתִּי 2 S 3:14; sf. אֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ Ho 2:21^(×2), 22; Impf. 2 ms. תְּאָרֵשׂ Dt 28:30;—betroth (subj. man) obj. woman, אִשָּׁה Dt 20:7; 28:30; sq. ב of price paid to father & ל of husband 2 S 3:14; ב of gift to bride & ל of husband Ho 2:21, 22, where fig. of Yahweh’s covenant mercy to Israel.
Pu. Pf. 3 fs. אֹרָ֑שָׂה be betrothed, c. לֹא, subj. בְּתוּלָה Ex 22:15 Dt 22:28 (נער בתולה); Pt. f. מְאֹרָשָׂה Dt 22:23, where affirmed of נער בתולה (sq. ל of husband) v 25, 27 (in both subj. הַנַּעֲרָ֯).

אֲרֶ֫שֶׁת

† אֲרֶ֫שֶׁת n.f. desire, request (Assyrian êrištu Dl^l.c.) only cstr. א׳ שְׂפָתָיו ψ 21:3 (‖ תַּאֲוַת לִבּוֹ) request granted by י׳.

אֹרֹת

אֹרֹת v. II. אוֹרָה.

אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא

אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא n.pr.m. Artaxerxes (Pers. Artakhshatrâ, Spieg^{APK 68, 207} 𝔊 Ἀρταξερξης, cf. BeRy on Ezr 4:23; 7:1 f. Ne 1:1) א׳ Ezr 4:7 v. BD ¹⁰²; אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא Ezr 4:7, 23, אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא Ezr 7:1, 11; 8:1 Ne 2:1; 5:14; 13:6; Artaxerxes I, or Longimanus, son & successor of Xerxes, regined b.c. 465—424.

אִשׁ

† אִשׁ 2 S 14:19 Mi 6:10, softer form for the usual יֵשׁ (q.v.) there is, are. (Cf. Aramaic אִתַי, Arabic أَيْسَ; and on the softening of ye, yi to ’î, see Ew^{§ 53 c} Ol ^{p. 425} Nö^{§ 40 c}).

אֵשׁ

אֵשׁ₃₇₇ n.f. Ex 9:23 (m. Je 48:45; ψ 104·4; f. & m. Je 20:9; Jb 20:26) אֵשׁ ‘m.’ is dub.: Nu 16:18 read עָלֶיהָ for 2nd עֲלֵיהֶם (𝔊^B); Je 20:9 v. Ges^{§ 132 d}; 48:45 read (many MSS., Nu 21:28) יצאה; ψ 104:4 read perhaps (Ol) לֹהֵֽטָה׃ or (Kenn) וָלָֽהַט׃; Jb 20:26 v. Ges^{§ 145 u (or 121 b)}: cf. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 63}. fire (Assyrian išatu COT^Gloss, Syriac ܐܶܫܳܬܳܐ, እሳት deriv. from ii. אנשׁ,أَنَسَ, sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in De ^{Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888} Lag^{BN 68} cf. انيسة, مانوسة), improb. especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh prob. secondary; cf. also Sta^{§ 189 b})—א׳ abs. Ex 9:24 +; cstr. Lv 6:2 + (seld.); †sf. אִשּׁוֹ Dt 4:36 Jb 18:5; אֶשְׁכֶם Is 50:11; אִשָּׁם Is 66:24;—
1. fire, of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering or destroying crops תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָֽצְאָה קֹצִים Ex 22:5 cf. 3:2 הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ (both E); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (בָּ c. qam. preton.) obj. golden calf Ex 32:20 (J), other idols Dt 7:5, 25, Asherim 12:3, chariots Jos 11:6, 9 2 K 23:11, house Ju 12:1; 14:15, tower 9:52, city-gates Ne 1:3; 2:3, 13, 17, city Jos 6:24 Ju 18:27 cf. Is 1:7 +; also שִׁלַּח אֵשׁ בְּ Am 1:4, 7, 10 +; שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ †Ju 1:8; 20:48 cf. 2 K 8:12; הִצִּית אֶת־הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Jos 8:8, 19 הצ׳ אֵשׁ ב׳ Je 17:27 +; cf. Ju 9:49 2 S 14:30, 31 (of field, cf. Ex 22:5 supr.).
2. of supernatural fire, attending theophany Ex 3:2; 19:18 (both JE) Dt 4:11, 12, 15, 33, 36 +; specif. עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ Ex 13:21, 22; 14:24 (all JE) Ne 9:12, 19 cf. Dt 1:33 (v. מַרְאֵה־אֵשׁ Nu 9:15, 16 P); of destructive fire from י׳ Nu 11:1, 2, 3 (J) 26:10 (P) Lv 10:2 (P); cf. א׳ אֹכֶלֶת in sim. of Yahweh’s glory Ex 24:17 (E) Dt 4:24; 9:3; v. also 1 K 18:24, 38 2 K 1:10^(×2), 12^(×2), 14 Jb 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended), cf. further of lightning Ex 9:23, 24 (JE) ψ 18:13, 14; 148:8 etc.
3. fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. צְלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Ex 12:8, 9 (P) cf. Lv 2:14 2 Ch 35:13 Is 44:16, 19; of tinder for lighting fire Gn 22:6, 7 (E); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Ex 32:24; for refining Je 6:29, where read with Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם עֹפָֽרֶת; cf. Mal 3:2 (sim. of purifying work of messenger of cov’t).
4. especially of altar-fire Lv 1:7^(×2); 6:2, 3, 5, 16 +; in offering incense Lv 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously 10:1 Nu 3:4; 26:61; fire from י׳ consuming sacrifice (cf. 2 Lv 9:24 2 Ch 7:1, 3; of fire in child-sacrifice (usually (לְ) הֶעֱבִיר בֵּן בָּאֵשׁ) 2 K 16:3; 21:6 cf. 17:17; 23:10 2 Ch 33:6; also שׂרף בָּא׳ 2 K 17:31, בער בָּא׳ 2 Ch 28:3.
5. fig. of Yahweh’s anger ψ 89:47 (sim.) cf. Na 1:6 La 2:4 אֵשׁ־עֶבְרָתִי Ez 21:36; 22:31; 38:19, אֵשׁ־קִנְאָתִי Ez 36:5; v. also Is 66:15 ψ 79:5 etc.; of word of י׳ Je 23:29; fig.of outbursting emotion ψ 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Is 9:17, etc.
6. in various combinations, לַפִּיד אֵשׁ Gn 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (cf. Di); לַבַּת־אֵשׁ Ex 3:2 flame of fire, לַהַב אֵשׁ Jo 2:5, לַפִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in sim.) Dn 10:6 cf. Zc 12:6, לַהֲבוֹת אֵשׁ ψ 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Is 66:15 cf. א׳ לֶהָבוֹת ψ 105:32, נֹגַהּ א׳ לֶהָבָה Is 4:5 cf. Ho 7:6; שְׂבִיב אִשּׁוֹ spark of his fire Jb 18:5 cf. כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ 41:11; תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ ψ 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוֹר אֵשׁ Zc 12:6; אוֹר אֵשׁ light of fire ψ 78:14; אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire ψ 104:4; לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Is 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ez 1:13 coals of fire, so 10:2, cf. רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Ct 8:6; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ez 28:14, 16 v. אֶבֶן; אֵשׁ דַּת Dt 33:2, lit. fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Pers. & late; read perhaps אֵשׁ [לַףִּ]דֹת cf. Ex 20:18 or אֵשׁ [יֹקֶ]דֶת cf. Is 65:5.

אַשְׁבֵּל

† אַשְׁבֵּל n.pr.m. (= אַשְׁבְּאֵל? so Thes; more likely אֶשְׁבַּעַל) 2nd son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 (𝔊 Ἀσβηλ) Nu 26:38 (𝔊 Ἀσυβηρ) 1 Ch 8:1 (𝔊 B Σαβα, A & 𝔊L Ἀσβηλ).

אַשְׁבֵּלִי

† אַשְׁבֵּלִי adj.gent. הָא׳ as n.coll. Nu 26:38.

אֶשְׁבָּן

† אֶשְׁבָּן n.pr.m. a chief of Edom Gn 36:26 1 Ch 1:41 (etym. dub., 𝔊 Ἀσβαν, Ἐσεβαν, Ἀσεβων.)

אַשְׁבֵּעַ

אַשְׁבֵּעַ v. שׁבל.

אַשְׁבֵּעַ²

אַשְׁבֵּעַ n.pr.m. 1 Ch 4:21.

אֶשְׁבַּעַל

אֶשְׁבַּעַל v. אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת.

אשׁד

אשׁד (√ of following, cf. prob. Assyrian išdu, foundation.)

אֶ֫שֶׁד

† אֶ֫שֶׁד n.[m.] foundation, bottom, lower part (slope) (Assyrian išdu cf. Lotz^{TP 186}; > others from אֲשַׁד, ܝܫܕ pour, Sab. אסד = מסקי (משׁקה) DHM^{ZMG 1883, 8}, whence fall, slope; cf. Di Nu 21:15) א׳ הַנְּחָלִים the bottom of the ravines Nu 21:15.

אֲשֵׁדָה

† [אֲשֵׁדָה] n.f. foundation, (mountain-) slope (cf. supr.)—only pl. abs. אֲשֵׁדוֹת Jos 10:40; 12:8; cstr. אַשְׁדּוֹת Jos 12:3; 13:20; אַשְׁדֹּת Dt 3:17; 4:49—mountain-slopes Jos 10:40 ההר והנגב והשׁפלה והא׳; 12:8 (‖ id. + מדבר); elsewhere defined תַּחַת א׳ הַפִּסְגָּה Dt 3:17; 4:49 Jos 12:3 cf. 13:20.

אַשְׁדּוֹד

† אַשְׁדּוֹד n.pr.loc. Ashdod (Assyrian Asdudu, COT^Gloss Dl^{Pa 289}; Thes MV der. from √ שׁדד q.v.) a powerful city of the Philistines on Mediterr. Sea, W. from Jerusalem, modern Esdûd, Jos 11:22; 15:46, 47 (where assigned to Judah) 1 S 5:5, 6 (but del. Dr cf. 𝔊 6:17 Am 1:8; 3:9 Zp 2:4 Zc 9:6 Is 20:1 Je 25:20 2 Ch 26:6; c. ה—ָ loc. 1 S 5:1 Is 20:1; אַנְשֵׁי א׳ 1 S 5:7; appar. = territory of Ashdod 2 Ch 26:6 וַיִּבְנֶה עָרִים בְּאַשְׁדּוֹד. (Cf. Survey^{J, 442}.)

אַשְׁדּוֹדִי

† אַשְׁדּוֹדִי adj.gent. Ashdodite, הָא׳ n.sg. coll. Jos 13:3; usually pl. (הָ)אַשְׁדּוֹדִים 1 S 5:3, 6 Ne 4:1, and as adj. f. נָשִׁים אשׁדודיות Ne 13:23 Kt (Qr אַשְׁדֳּדִיּוֹת).

אַשְׁדּוֹדִית

† אַשְׁדּוֹדִית adv. in the language of Ashdod i.e. Philistines Ne 13:24 מְדַבֵּר א׳.

אשׁה

אשׁה (√ of foll.).

אִשֶּׁה

אִשֶּׁה n.m. Jos 13, 14 an offering made by fire (> Wetzst in De^{Psalmen., ed. 4, 889} der. from √ ii. אנשׁ, means to friendly relations betw. God & man; cf. Lag^{BN 190}) Ex 29:18 + 32 times; cstr. אִשֵּׁה Lv 1:9 + 14 times pl. cstr. אִשֵּׁי Lv 4:35; 24:9 + 15 times; sf. אִשַּׁי Nu 28:2, אִשָּׁ֑י Lv 6:10; used chiefly of offerings of animals, but also of the מִנְחָה Lv 2:11, and of the sacred bread and frankincense Lv 24:7 which was placed on the table as a memorial, and finally went to the priests. The word is used in Dt 18:1 Jos 13:14 (D) 1 S 2:28; elsewhere in P Lv 6:10; 10:15; 22:22 Nu 28:2, 3, especially in phrases אִשֵּׁי יהוה Lv 2:3 + 11 times אִשֶּׂה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ ליהוה Lv 1:9 + 14 times, ריח ניחח אשׁה ליהוה Ex 29:18 + 6 times, אשׁה ליהוה ריח ניחח Lv 23:13, אשׁה לריח ניחח Lv 3:16 Nu 18:17, אשׁה (הוא) ליהוה Ex 29:25 Lv 2:16; אִשֶּׁה ליהוה acc. after verbs of offering Ex 30:20 + 14 times, אִשֶּׁה עֹלָה ליהוה Nu 28:19, קָרְבָּן אִשֶּׁה ליהוה Lv 22:27 Nu 15:25.

אִשָּׁה

אִשָּׁה₇₇₅ n.f. woman, wife, female (Arabic أُنْثَى, Sab. אנתֿת etc. DHM^{ZK 1884, 360}, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, ܐܰܢ̱ܬܬܴܐ, Palm. Nab. אנתתא, Ethiopic አንስት Ph. אשת, Assyrian aššatu COT^Gloss)—א׳ abs. Gn 2:23 +; cstr. אֵשֶׁת Gn 11:29 + (appar. abs. Dt 21:11; 1 S 28:7 ψ 58:9 but cf. Bö^{§ 728} Ges^{§ 130, 5}); sf. אִשְׁתִּי Gn 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gn 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ ψ 128:3), etc.; Pl. †אִשֹּׁת Ez 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gn 4:19 +; cstr. נְשֵׁי Gn 4:23 +; sf. נָשַׁי Gn 30:26; 1 K 20:7; נְשֵׁיכֶם Ex 22:23 +, etc.;—
1. woman Gn 3:1, 2; 12:11 +; opp. man 2:22, 23 Ex 35:29; 36:6; Dt 17:2, 5; 22:22; 1 S 21:5 +; א׳ emphat. a genuine (or ideal) woman Ec 7:28 (‖ אדם); sim. of men as feeble, timid Je 50:37; 51:30; note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Nu 31:18 (P); as conceiving Ex 2:2; Lv 12:2; 2 S 11:5 +; travailing Je 13:21; bearing children Ju 13:24; 1 K 3:18; cf. Jb 14:1; 15:14; 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Is 49:15; אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gn 18:11; דֶּרֶךְ נָשִׁים 31:35; with adj., or app., א׳מֵינֶקֶת nursing woman, nurse Ex 2:7; א׳ זוֹנָה harlot Jos 2:1; 6:22; Ju 11:1; 16:1; 1 K 3:16; Pr 6:26; Je 3:3 Ez 16:30; 23:44; so א׳ זָרָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; cf. also Ez 23:44 supr.; א׳ מְנָאָ֑פֶת adulteress Pr 30:20 (cf. אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Ho 1:2; נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign women 1 K 11:1, 8; Ezr 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44; Ne 13:26, 27 (cf. v 23); א׳ חֲכָמָה wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2 S 14:2; 20:16, etc.; also א׳ פִּילֶגֶשׁ concubine Ju 19:1, 27: א׳ אַלְמָנָה widow 2 S 14:5; 1 K 11:26; 17:9, 10; א׳ נְבִיאָה prophetess Ju 4:4; also cstr. bef. noun of quality אֵשֶׁתרָ֑ע Pr 6:24; א׳ כְּסִילוּת 9:13; א׳ חֵן 11:16; א׳ חַיִל 12:4; 31:10; Ru 3:11; א׳ מִדְיָנִים Pr 21:9; 25:24; 27:15; א׳ מ׳ וָכָ֑עַס 21:19.
2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.) Gn 2:24, 25; 3:8, 17; 4:1, 17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Dt 20:7; 28:30; בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Ex 21:3, 22; אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Ju 20:4; לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gn 12:19; 16:3; 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subj.); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subj.) Gn 20:12; Nu 36:3, 6^(×2), 11, 12; Dt 22:19, 29 +; for unfaithful wife cf. 1; cstr. in phr. אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Dt 13:7 cf. 28:54; א׳ נְעוּרֶיךָ Pr 5:18; Mal 2:14, 15; א׳ בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ v 14; אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lv 18:8, 11; 20:11.
3. Female of animals Gn 7:2^(×2); v. also sub 4.
†4. With distrib. & recipr. sense, א׳ מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Ex 11:2 (E); cf. Ru 1:8, 9; Je 9:19; each one, of birds of prey Is 34:15 cf. v 16 (del. Bi Che); of cows (fig. of heartless women of Isr.) Am 4:3; of sheep (fig. of Isr.) Zc 11:9; & of inanimate things (P, & late) א׳ אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ Ex 26:3^(×2), 5, 6, 17 (P) Ez 1:9 (del. Co) v 23; 3:13.

אֶשָּׁה

† [אֶשָּׁה] n.f. id. Je 6:29 Kt (ם)אשׁתם i.e. from their fire, but Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם, v. sub אֵשׁ.

אִשָּׁה²

אִשָּׁה v. sub III. אנשׁ. אִשֶּׁה v. sub אֵשׁ.

אֱשׁוּן

אֱשׁוּן Qr Pr 20:20 v. אִישׁוֹן sub אישׁ.

אֲשׁוּר

† [אֲשׁוּר, אָשׁוּר] n.f. ^{ψ 44:19} step, going (cf. Arabic إِثْرٌ, أَثَمٌ Ethiopic አሠር፡: footstep) only sf. אֲשֻׁרוֹ Jb 23:11 Pr 14:15; אֲשׁוּרַי ψ 17:5; אֲשֻׁרָ֑י ψ 40:3; 73:2; אֲשֻׁרֵנוּ ψ 44:19; אֲשֻׁרָיו ψ 37:31, all poet. & fig. of mode of life, etc.

אַשּׁוּר

אַשּׁוּר n.pr.gent. & terr. Asshur, Assyria (Assyrian Aššur, land & cityDl^{Pa 252} COT on Gn 2:14; Pers. Athura Syriac ܐܳܬܘܽܪ on the connection with name of god Ašur, & with √ אשׁר = ישׁר good, gracious, cf. COT^l.c.; v. also Jen^{ZA. 1886, 1 f.} Schr ^{ib. 209 f.} Nö^{ib. 268 f.})
1. Asshur as person, 2nd son of Shem Gn 10:22 (P, in table of nations) 1 Ch 1:17.
2. people of Asshur (often as invading army & even world-power) Nu 24:22, 24 (poem of Balaam) Ho 12:2; 14:4 Is 10:5; 14:25; 19:23^(×2), 24, 25; 23:13; 30:31; 31:8; 52:4 La 5:6; Ez 23:5; 27:23; 32:22 (here fem.) Zc 10:11; ψ 83:9 perhaps read גְּשׁוּר, cf. 2 S 2:9 sub אֲשׁוּרִי; or (if ψ 83 be late) regard אַשּׁוּר (like עֲמָלֵק ib.) as used because of ancient significance; sometimes personified as one Is 10:5 Ez 31:3 (but del. Co q.v.), cf. also Mi 5:4, 5 Zp 2:13; מַחֲנֵה א׳ 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:36; בְּנֵי א׳ Ez 16:28; 23:7, 9, 12, 23.
3. land of Assyria Gn 2:14; 10:11 Ho 5:13; 7:11; 8:9; 9:3; 10:6 Is 11:11, 16; 19:23 Je 2:18, 36 Mi 7:12 Zc 10:10; אַשּׁ֫וּרָה Gn 25:18 Is 19:23 2 K 15:29; 17:6, 23; 18:11; אֶרֶץ אַשּׁוּר Is 7:18; 27:13 Ho 11:11 Mi 5:5.
4. especially מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר Is 8:4; 10:12; 20:1, 4, 6 (prob. gloss Is 7:17, 20; 8:7) 2 K 15:19 + 41 times 2 K; 14 times Is 36—38; 1 Ch 5:6 (אַשֻּׁר) + 13 times Ch; also Je 50:17, 18 Na 3:18 Ezr 4:2; (only Ezr 6:22 of Persian or any king not strictly Assyrian); note also הַמֶּלֶךְ א׳ Is 36:8, 16 (א׳ perhaps gloss, cf. Di who holds same view as to 2 K 18:23, 31); מַלְכֵי א׳ 2 K 19:11, 17 = Is 37:11, 18 2 Ch 28:16; 30:6 Ne 9:32.

אֲשׁוּרִי

† אֲשׁוּרִי adj.gent. הָא׳ as n.coll. 2 S 2:9, but read perhaps הַגְּשׁוּרִי q.v., cf. also We Dr; Köh Klo al. read הָאָֽשֵׁרִי & comp. Ju 1:32.

אַשּׁוּרִם

† אַשּׁוּרִם n.pr.gent.pl. an Arab tribe traced back to Abraham & Keturah Gn 25:3 cf. Di.

אַשְׁחוּר

אַשְׁחוּר v. שׁחר.

אַשְׁחוּר²

† אַשְׁחוּר n.pr.m. in Judah, called א׳ אֲבִי תְקוֹעַ 1 Ch 2:24; 4:5; Ασχω, Σαρα; A Ασδωδ, Ασχουρ; 𝔊L Ασσωρ, Ασοωρ.

אָשְׁיָה

† [אָשְׁיָה] 1. n.f. wall, bulwark (Talm אָשִׁיתָא (levy Nö); Mand. אשיתא wall Nö^{M 113}; 𝔗 pl. sf. אֲשִׁיתָהָא (Dalm^WB אָשְׁיָתַהָא) Je 50:15, אשיתנא Ct 2:9; Arabic آسِيَة column, support is loan-word according to Frä ¹¹);—only pl. sf. bulwarks of city of Babylon.
2. n.f. (support) buttress (Arabic آسِيَةُن column, support. AW Nö^{M 113}, Assyrian asîtu pillar) only pl. sf. buttresses of city of Babylon Je 50:15 אשׁויתיה Kt, אָשְׁיוֹתֶיהָ Qr (‖ חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ).

אֲשִׁימָא

† אֲשִׁימָא n.pr.[m.] a god of Hamath 2 K 17:30, otherwise wholly unknown.

אֲשִׁישָׁה

† אֲשִׁישָׁה n.f. (pressed) raisin-cake—א׳ 2 S 6:19 1 Ch 16:3 distributed, with other viands, to people, especially as stimulating, pl. אֲשִׁישׁוֹת Ct 2:5; more explicitly אֲשִׁישֵׁי עֲנָבִים Ho 3:1 used in sacrificial feasts (cf. RS^{OTJC Lect. xi. n. 7}); אֲשִׁישֵׁי קִיר חֲרֶשֶׂת Is 16:7, i.e. the raisin-cakes which were an article of trade at Qir-ḥareseth (taken by Thes al. = foundations, i.e. foundations exposed by ruin, from [אָשִׁישׁ] with such a meaning).

אֶ֫שֶׁךְ

† [אֶ֫שֶׁךְ] n.[m.] testicle (Syriac ܐܶܫܟܳܐ, Ethiopic እስኪት etym. unknown) only מְרוֹחַ אָ֑שֶׁךְ Lv 21:20.

אֶשְׁכּוֹל

† אֶשְׁכּוֹל (אֶשְׁכֹּל Ct 1:14) n.m. ^{Nu 13:23} cluster (Ethiopic አስካል Arabic إِثْكَالٌ, Aramaic אִיתְכְּלָא; etym. dub.; Thes MV sub √שׁכל, but no suitable meaning proven; Sta^{§ 258, 300} der. from √ אשׁך c. afformat. ל)—א׳ abs. Nu 13:24 +; cstr. v 23 +; pl. אַשְׁכֹּלוֹת Ct 7:8; cstr. אַשְׁכְּלֹת Dt 32:32, אֶשְׁכְּלוֹת Ct 7:9; sf. אַשְׁכְּלֹתֶיהָ Gn 40:10;—
1. cluster of grapes, א׳ עֲנָבִים Nu 13:23 cf. v 24; vid. also Gn 40:10 הִבְשִׁילוּ א׳ עֲנָבִים its clusters ripened grapes; hence fig. of deeds of enemies of Israel, clusters of gall have they Dt 32:32 (‖ עִנְּבֵי רוֹשׁ); fig. of Isr. Is 65:8 יִמָּצֵא הַתִּירוֹשׁ בָּא׳; Mi 7:1 אֵין אֶשְׁכּוֹל לֶאֱכוֹל fig. of desolation of Israel under Yahweh’s judgment; Ct 7:9 in sim. שָׁדַיִךְ כְּאֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן cf. v 8 (where Thes MV think of clusters of dates, v. תָּמָר palm-tree, ib.)
2. cluster of henna-flowers, א׳ הַכֹּפֶר (v. כפר), metaph. of the beloved one Ct 1:14. (Cf. Grünwald^{Israel. Letterbode, Amst., xi, 148 f.})

אֶשְׁכֹּל

† אֶשְׁכֹּל n.pr.
1. m. an Amorite, brother of Mamre, dwelling in neighbourhood of Hebron Gn 14:13, 24.
2. in combination נַחַל אֶשְׁכֹּל Nu 13:23 Dt 1:24; נ׳ אֶשְׁכּוֹל Nu 13:24, 32:9;—valley of Eshcol, = valley of a cluster, region of Hebron (cf. 13:22); in 13:24 der. from א׳ cluster, q.v.; see however Di ad loc.

אַשְׁכְּנַז

אַשְׁכְּנַז n.pr.m.
1. a descendant of Japhet Gn 10:3 = 1 Ch 1:6; =
2. a northern people Je 51:27 מַמְלְכוֹת אֲרָרָט מִנִּי וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז (perhaps a people of Bithynia, = Ascan(ians) + az ending of Armen. patronymics, v. especially Len^{Or. ii. 388 f.}. also Lag^{Ges Abhandl. 254 f.} Di Gn 10:3; but v. Lag^{Armen. Stud. 143}).