INKURU ITERA IBYIRINGIRO

Amayoberane Y’ubugome

Mu rwandiko rwe rwa kabiri yandikiye Abatesaloniki, intumwa Pawulo yavuze mbere iby’ubuhakanyi bukomeye bwari kuzakomoka ku gushyirwaho k’ubutegetsi bw’ubupapa. Yavuze ko umunsi wa Kristo utajyaga kuza “kurya kwimura Imana kutabanje kubaho, kandi urya munyabugome atarahishurwa ari we mwana wo kurimbuka. Ni umubisha wishyira hejuru y’icyitwa imana cyose cyangwa igisengwa, kugira ngo yicare mu rusengero rw'Imana, yiyerekane ko ari Imana.” Ikindi kandi, intumwa Pawulo aburira abizera bagenzi be ko “amayoberane y’ubugome n’ubu atangiye gukora.” 2Abatesalonike 2:3, 4, 7. No muri ibyo bihe bya mbere, Pawulo yabonye ibinyoma byinjira mu itorero, kandi ibyo binyoma byari gutegurira inzira iterambere ry’Ubupapa. III 145.1

Buhoro buhoro, amayoberane y’ubugome yatangiye mu ibanga kandi bucece maze amaherezo ajya ku mugaragaro ubwo yagwizaga imbaraga maze akigarurira intekerezo z’abantu. Ubwo ni bwo amayoberane y’ubugome yashyize mu bikorwa umurimo wayo wo kuyobya no gutuka Imana. Mu buryo butapfaga kugaragara, imigenzo ya gipagani yabonye icyuho maze yinjira mu itorero rya Gikristo. Umwuka wo kwifatanya no kwisanisha wakumiriwe igihe runaka n’itoteza rikomeye itorero ryanyuzemo ubwo ubupagani bwari buganje. Ariko ubwo itoteza ryarangiraga maze Ubukristo bukinjira mu ngoro z’abami, itorero ryashyize ku ruhande ukwicisha bugufi no kwiyoroshya bya Kristo n’intumwa ze maze rifata kugaragaza icyubahiro ndetse n’ubwibone byarangaga abatambyi n’abatware b’abapagani, kandi mu mwanya w’ibyo Imana isaba, itorero ryahashyize inyigisho n’imigenzo by’abantu. Guhinduka k’umwami Konsitantine kwabayeho mu myaka ibanza y’ikinyejana cya kane kwateye kwishima gukomeye, kandi ab’isi bari bambaye imyambaro y’ubutungane, binjiye mu itorero. Noneho umurimo wo kwangiriza ukuri wateye imbere mu buryo bwihuse. Nubwo ubupagani bwagaragaraga nk’ubugiye gukendera,bwaje kunesha. Umwuka w’ubupagani ni wo wategetse itorero. Inyigisho z’ubupagani n’imihango yabwo byinjijwe mu kwizera no kuramya kw’abavugaga ko ari abayoboke ba Kristo. III 146.1

Uku kunga ubumwe kw’ubupagani n’Ubukristo kwabyaye iterambere ry’umunyabugome wavuzwe mu buhanuzi ko arwanya Imana kandi akishyira hejuru yayo. Iyo gahunda ikomeye cyane y’idini y’ikinyoma ni umurimo ukomeye cyane wakozwe n’imbaraga za Satani. Ni urwibutso rwerekana umuhati we wo gushaka kwiyicaza ku ntebe y’ubwami kugira ngo ategeke nk’uko abishaka. III 147.1

Kuba papa ari umutwe ugaragara w’itorero rya Kristo rikwiriye hose, iyi ni imwe mu nyigisho z’ingenzi z'itorero ry'i Roma. Afite ububasha bw’ikirenga ku bepisikopi n’abashumba bo mu bice byose byo ku isi. Ikirenze ibi, papa ubwe yihaye amazina y’icyubahiro ahabwa Imana. III 147.2

Satani yari azi neza ko Ibyanditswe Byera bizashoboza abantu gutahura ibinyoma bye no gutsinda imbaraga ze. N’Umukiza w’isi ubwe yabashije gutsinda ibitero bya Satani yifashishije Ibyanditswe Byera. Ku gitero cyose Satani yamugabagaho, Kristo yakingaga ingabo y’ukuri guhoraho avuga ati: “Byanditswe ngo.” Ibyo umwanzi yamugeragereshaga byose, Kristo yahanganaga nabyo akoresheje ubwenge n’imbaraga byo mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Kugira ngo Satani akomeze kwitegekera abantu kandi akomeze ubutware bw’ubupapa, yagombaga gutera abantu kuguma mu bujiji bwo kutamenya Ibyanditswe Byera. Bibiliya yagombaga kwerereza Imana kandi igashyira abagabo n’abagore bapfa mu mwanya ubakwiriye. Kubera iyi mpamvu, ukuri kwayo kwera kwagombaga kupfukiranwa kandi kugasimbuzwa ibindi. Uko ni ko itorero ry’i Roma ryakoze. Mu myaka amagana menshi, iri torero ryabuzanyije ikwirakwizwa rya Bibiliya. Abantu bari babujijwe kuyisoma cyangwa kuyitunga mu ngo zabo, kandi abapadiri batarangwaga n’imico mbonera ndetse n’abanyacyubahiro bo rwego rwo hejuru mu itorero nibo basobanuraga inyigisho za Bibiliya bagamije gushyigikira ibyo bemeraga. Muri ubwo buryo, papa yaje kumenyakana nk’umusigire w’Imana ku isi, ufite ubutware bw’ikirenga ku itorero no kuri leta. III 147.3

Ibihe n’amategeko bihindurwa - Ubwo igikoresho gitahura ukuri cyari gikuweho, Satani yakoze akurikije ubushake bwe. Ubuhanuzi bwari bwaravuze ko Ubupapa bwagombaga kugerageza “guhindura ibihe n’amategeko.” Daniyeli 7:25. Uyu murimo ntiwatinze gutangira. Kugira ngo abapagani bahabwe igisimbura gusenga ibigirwamana bakoraga, no kugira ngo bateze imbere ibyo bagaragazaga ko ari ukwemera Ubukristo, gusenga ibishushanyo n’abatagatifu byagiye byinjizwa mu misengere ya Gikristo buhoro buhoro. Amaherezo iteka ryaciwe n’inama rusange ryashyizeho iyi gahunda yo gusenga ibigirwamana. Kugira ngo uwo murimo w’inkoraruguma urangire, Roma yahangaye gukura mu mategeko y’Imana itegeko rya kabiri ribuzanya gusenga ibishushanyo, maze igabanya itegeko rya cumi mo kabiri kugira ngo umubare w’amategeko ukomeze kuzura icumi. III 148.1

Umwuka wo gukurikiza gahunda y’ubupagani yakinguriye amayira indi ntambwe ndende yo gusuzugura ubutware bw’Ijuru. Satani yibasiye n’itegeko rya kane naryo, maze agambirira guhirika Isabato ya kera, umunsi Imana yahaye umugisha kandi ikaweza, maze mu cyimbo cyawo yerereza umunsi mukuru wubahirizwaga n’abapagani nk’umunsi “wubahwa w’izuba.” Ntabwo mu ikubitiro uku guhindura kwakozwe ku mugaragaro. Mu kinyejana cya mbere, Abakristo bose bubahirizaga Isabato nyakuri. Bafuhiraga icyubahiro cy’Imana, kandi bakizera ko amategeko yayo adahinduka. Barindaga ukwera kw’amategeko y’Imana babishyizeho umwete. Ariko Satani yakoreye rwihishwa mu bakozi be kugira ngo agere ku ntego ye. Kugira ngo atere intekerezo z’abantu kwerekera ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday/ Dimanche), uwo munsi wagizwe umunsi mukuru wo kwizihiza izuka rya Kristo. Imihango y’iby’idini yagiye ikorwa ku cyumweru nyamara kandi uwo munsi ugafatwa nk’umunsi wo kuruhuka no kwidagadura, ariko n’Isabato nayo yakomeje kujya yubahirizwa nk’iyera. III 149.1

Igihe Konsitantine yari akiri umupagani, yaciye iteka risaba kubahiriza umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday/Dimanche) muri rusange ukaba umunsi mukuru w’ibirori kuri rubanda rwose mu bwami bwose bw’Abaroma. Ubwo yari amaze guhinduka Umukristo yakomeje kuba umuvuganizi ukomeye w’umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday/Dimanche), maze ashimangira itegeko rye rya gipagani kubw’inyungu z’ukwizera gushya yari yakiriye. Nyamara icyubahiro cyahabwaga uyu munsi wa mbere nticyari cyakagera aho kibuza Abakristo gufata Isabato nyakuri nk’umunsi wera w’Uwiteka. Hariho indi ntambwe yagombaga guterwa. Isabato y’ikinyoma yagombaga gukuzwa igashyirwa ku rwego rumwe n’urw’Isabato nyakuri. Nyuma y’imyaka mike Konsitantine aciye iteka rye, Umuyobozi mukuru w’itorero ry’i Roma yimuye umwanya w’icyubahiro umunsi w’Umwami (Isabato yo ku munsi wa karindwi) wari ufite awushyira ku Cyumweru (Sunday/Dimanche). Muri ubu buryo abantu bagendaga ni ruto ni ruto binjiza mu ntekerezo zabo ko umunsi wo ku cyumweru wera. Nyamara kandi Isabato nayo yari icyubahirizwa. III 149.2

Umushukanyi ruharwa yari atarasoza umurimo we. Yari yariyemeje gukusanyiriza Abakristo bose munsi y’ibendera rye kandi akagaragaza ubushobozi bwe abinyujije mu wari umuhagarariye, ari we wari umuyobozi mukuru w’itorero urangwa n’ubwibone wavugaga ko ahagarariye Kristo. Abinyujije mu bapagani bari barahindutse by’igice, mu bakomeye mu idini bishakiraga icyubahiro ndetse no mu bayoboke b’itorero bakundaga iby’isi, Satani yasohoje umugambi we. Incuro nyinshi, hajyaga haterana inama zirimo abantu benshi cyane, aho abanyacyubahiro bo mu itorero bajyaga baterana baturutse ku isi yose. Mu nama hafi ya zose yagiye zikorwa, Isabato Imana yashyizeho yagiye icishwa bugufi, ari na ko umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Dimanche/Sunday) ugenda uhabwa ikuzo. Uku ni ko amaherezo umunsi mukuru wa gipagani waje kubahwa nk’uwashyizweho n'Imana, mu gihe Isabato ivugwa na Bibiliya yavugwaga ko ari agasigisigi k’idini ya Kiyuda, kandi abayubahiriza bagafatwa ko ari ibivume. III 150.1

Umuhakanyi ukomeye yageze ku ntego ye yo kwishyira hejuru y’icyitwa Imana cyose cyangwa igisengwa cyose. (2Abatesaloniki 2:24). Yari yarahangaye guhindura itegeko rimwe ryo mu mategeko y’Imana ryereka abantu neza Imana imwe yonyine nyakuri kandi ihoraho. Itegeko rya kane rigaragaza neza ko Imana ari Umuremyi w’isi n’ijuru ari byo biyitandukanya n’imana z'ibinyoma zose. Umunsi wa karindwi warejejwe maze uhabwa umuntu ngo umubere ikiruho ndetse n’urwibutso rw’umurimo wo kurema. Isabato yashyiriweho guhoza Imana nzima mu bitekerezo by'abantu bagahora bazirikana ko ari yo soko y’ibintu byose kandi ko ari yo bakwiriye kubaha ndetse bakayiramya. Satani agerageza guteshura abantu ku kuyoboka Imana no kubaha amategeko yayo. Kubw'ibyo, Satani yerekeza imbaraga ze mu kurwanya by’umwuhariko itegeko rimwe ryerekana ko Imana ari Umuremyi. III 151.1

Muri iki gihe Abaporotesitanti bashimangira ko kuba Kristo yarazutse ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Dimanche/Sunday) bituma uwo munsi uba Isabato y’Abakristo. Nyamara ibyo bavuga nta gihamya cya Bibiliya babifitiye. Yaba Kristo ndetse n’intumwa ze nta cyubahiro nk’icyo bigeze baha umunsi wa mbere (Dimanche/Sunday). Kubahiriza umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru nk’umunsi mukuru wa Gikristo bifite inkomoko yabyo muri ya “mayoberane y’ubugome” yari yaratangiye gukora no mu gihe cya Pawulo. Mbese ni hehe kandi ni ryari Uwiteka yemeye uyu mwana wabyawe n’Ubupapa? Ni iyihe mpamvu ifatika ishobora gutangwa ku mpinduka yakozwe kandi Ibyanditswe Byera ntacyo bibivugaho? III 151.2

Mu kinyejana cya gatandatu, Ubupapa bwari bwaramaze gushinga imizi kandi buhamye rwose. Intebe y’ubutware bwabwo yashinzwe mu murwa w’ubwami bwa Roma maze umuyobozi mukuru w’itorero i Roma atangazwa ku mugaragaro ko ari we muyobozi w’itorero ryose. Ubupagani bwari bwarahaye Ubupapa icyicaro. Ikiyoka cyari cyarahaye inyamaswa “imbaraga zacyo n’intebe yacyo y’ubwami, n’ubutware bukomeye.” Ibyahishuwe 13:2. Ubwo ni bwo hatangiye imyaka 1260 yo gukandamiza kwakozwe n’ubupapa kandi kwari kwaravuzwe mu buhanuzi bwa Daniyeli na Yohana. (Daniyeli 7:25; Ibyahishuwe 13:5-7). Abakristo bahatiwe guhitamo kureka ubudahemuka bwabo maze bakemera kuramya ndetse n’imihango byashyizweho n’ubupapa bitaba ibyo bakazarangiriza ubuzima bwabo muri nzu z’imbohe, cyangwa bakicwa bakerejwe inkerezo, cyangwa se bagatwikwa cyangwa se bagacibwa imitwe. Ubwo ni bwo amagambo Yesu yari yaravuze yasohoye ngo, “ariko muzagambanirwa n’ababyeyi banyu ndetse n'abavandimwe na bene wanyu n’incuti zanyu, bazicisha bamwe muri mwe. Muzangwa na bose babahora izina ryanjye.” Luka 21:16,17. Gutoteza ababaye indahemuka ku kwizera kwabo byatangiranye ubukana bukomeye cyane birenze uko byari byarigeze kuba, maze isi ihinduka isibaniro. Itorero rya Kristo ryamaze imyaka amagana menshi ribona ubuhungiro n’ubwihisho ahantu hitaruye ndetse no mu mwijima. Umuhanuzi yaravuze ati: “Uwo mugore ahungira mu butayu aho afite ahantu yiteguriwe n’Imana, kugira ngo bamugaburirireyo kumara iminsi igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu.” Ibyahishuwe 12:6. III 152.1

Ibihe by’umwijima - Guhabwa intebe y'ubutware kw’itorero ry’i Roma ni ko kwabaye itangiriro ry’Ibihe by’Umwijima. Uko ububasha bw’iri torero bwagendaga bugwira, ni ko umwijima warushagaho kubudika. Gushingira ukwizera kuri Kristo we rufatiro nyakuri byimuriwe ku mupapa w’i Roma. Aho kugira ngo abantu biringire Umwana w’Imana ngo ababarire ibyaha byabo kandi abahe agakiza k’iteka ryose, abantu bahangaga amaso umupapa n’abapadiri ndetse n’abandi bakomeye mu itorero papa yabaga yarahaye ububasha. Abantu bari barigishijwe ko papa ari umuhuza wabo, kandi ko nta muntu ushobora kwegera Imana mu bundi buryo uretse kunyura kuri papa, ndetse ko kuri bo papa ahagaze mu mwanya w’Imana bityo akaba akwiriye kubahwa ubudakebakeba. Gutandukira ibyo yasabaga byari impamvu ihagije kugira ngo umuntu ahanwe igihano gikomeye kurusha ibindi cyahabwaga umubiri n’ubugingo by’ababaga bakoze bene icyo cyaha. III 153.1

Uko ni ko intekerezo z’abantu zateshuwe ku Mana zikerekezwa ku bantu bacumura, bibeshya kandi b’abagome, kandi ikiruta ibyo, zerekezwa ku mwami w’umwijima ubwe wakoreraga muri abo bantu. Icyaha cyitwikiriye umwambaro w’ubutungane. Igihe Ibyanditswe Byera bishyizwe ku ruhande maze abantu bakabona ko bafite ububashwa bw’ikirenga, nta kindi twakwitega ko gikurikiraho uretse uburiganya, ubuyobe n’ibyaha by’urukozasoni. Guha ikuzo amategeko n’imigenzo byashyizweho n’abantu bijyana no gusayisha ari nabyo iteka bikomoka ku kwirengagiza amategeko y’Imana. III 154.1

Ibihe by’akaga - Iyo minsi yabaye iminsi y’akaga ku itorero Kristo. Abantu b’indahemuka bari batwaye ibendera ry’ukuri bari inkehwe. Nubwo ukuri kutabuze abaguhamya, nyamara incuro nyinshi byasaga n’aho ikinyoma n’imyizerere ipfuye y’ubupfumu bigiye gutsinda burundu maze iyobokamana nyakuri igacibwa mu isi. Itorero ryatandukiriye ubutumwa bwiza, ariko imihango y’idini iriyongera kandi abantu bikorezwaga imitwaro y’ibyo basabwaga bikomeye. III 154.2

Ntabwo abantu bigishijwe guhanga amaso kuri papa gusa nk’umuhuza wabo n’Imana, ahubwo banigishijwe kwiringira ko imirimo yabo bwite ihongerera icyaha. Hakorwaga ingendo ndende, ibikorwa byo kwibabaza umubiri, gusenga abatagatifu, kubaka insengero, utuzu duto two gusengeramo, ibicaniro (za alitari) no guha iterero amafaranga menshi. Bene ibyo bikorwa ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa nk’ibyo ni byo byari bitegetswe abantu kugira ngo bahoshe uburakari bw’Imana cyangwa se bagirirwe ubuntu na Yo nk’aho Imana ari kimwe n’abantu ngo ibe irakazwa n’utuntu duto cyangwa ngo igushwe neza n'impano bayiha cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwihotora! III 154.3

Ibinyejana byakurikiyeho byagiye birangwamo kwiyongera guhoraho kw’ikinyoma mu nyigisho zigishwaga na Roma. Ndetse na mbere yo gushyirwaho k’Ubupapa, inyigisho z’abacurabwenge b’abapagani zari zarakiriwe kandi zigira ibyo zihindura mu itorero. Abantu benshi bavugaga ko bahindutse bari bagikomeye ku mahame yabo y’ubucurabwenge bwa gipagani, kandi bene abo bantu si bo bakomezaga kwiga ubwo bucurabwenge bonyine ahubwo banabwigishaga n’abandi nk’uburyo bifashisha bwo gucengeza amatwara yabo mu bapagani. Imyizerere yari ikomeye cyane muri izo ni iyavugaga iby’uko umuntu afite kamere yo kudapfa ndetse n’uko iyo umuntu apfuye hari icyo amenya. Iyi myizerere yinjije ibinyoma bikomeye mu kwizera kwa Gikristo. Roma yashyizeho kwambaza abatagatifu no gusenga umwari Mariya. Kuri ibyo havutsemo ubuyobe bw’inyigisho ivuga ibyo kubabazwa by’iteka kuba bantu bapfa batihannye, kandi ku ikubitiro ibyo byahise byinjizwa mu myizerere yigishwaga n’ubupapa. III 155.1

Ibyo bintu byose byateguriye inzira kwinjira kw’ikindi gihimbano cya gipagani, ari cyo Roma yise purigatori, kandi yagikoreshaga ishaka gutera ubwoba imbaga batwarwaga kandi bagashukwa mu buryo bworoshye. Ubu buyobe bwashimangiraga ukubaho kw’ahantu ho kubabarizwa aho roho z’abantu bataciriwe iteka ryo kurimbuka burundu zigomba guhererwa igihano cy’ibyaha abo bantu bakoze, kandi izo roho zamara kwezwa zikahava noneho zakirwa mu ijuru. III 156.1

Na none kandi ikindi gihimbano cyari gikenewe kugira ngo kibashishe Roma kubonera inyungu mu bwoba n’ingeso mbi by’abayiyobokaga. Inyigisho yo gutanga icyiru cy’icyaha cyakozwe n’ikitarakorwa (indulujensiya) ni yo yabaye igisubizo ku kubona izo nyungu. Abantu bemeraga kujya ku rugamba mu ntambara zabaga zarashojwe na papa agamije kwagura ingoma ye yo ku isi, guhana abanzi be, cyangwa se gutsemba abahangaraga guhakana ubutware bw’ikirenga mu by’umwuka, bene abo basezeranirwaga guhamba imbabazi zuzuye z’ibyaha byabo, (byaba ibyo bakoze kera, iby’icyo mu gihe barimo n’ibyo bari kuzakora mu gihe kizaza), kandi bagakurwaho imibabaro yose ndetse n’ibihano biterwa n’ibyo byaha. Abantu kandi bigishijwe ko kubwo kwishyura itorero amafaranga bashobora kwikuraho icyaha bo ubwabo, kandi bagakura na roho z’incuti zabo zapfuye zabaga ziri kubabarizwa mu muriro. Hakoreshejwe ubwo buryo bwose, Roma yujuje ububiko bwayo kandi ishyigikira kwirimbisha ubwiza gukomeye, kurangwa n’ubuzima bwo gusesagura ndetse n’ingeso mbi byarangaga abavugaga ko bahagarariye [Kristo] wa wundi utarigeze agira aho kurambika umusaya. III 156.2

Umuhango uvugwa mu Byanditswe Byera w’ifunguro ryera (Ameza y’Umwami) wari warasimbujwe igitambo cyakoreshwaga mu gusenga ibigirwamana maze kigirwa igitambo cya misa. Abapadiri bavugaga ko bahindura umugati woroheje ndetse na divayi bikaba umubiri ndetse n’amaraso nyakuri bya Kristo. Kubw’uko kwigamba birimo gutuka Imana, babaga bavugiye ku mugaragaro ko bafite ububasha bwo “kurema Umuremyi wabo.” Abakristo bose basabwe kwatura ko bizera ubwo buyobe buteye ubwoba kandi burimo gutuka Ijuru, bitaba ibyo bagahabwa igihano cyo kwicwa. Abanze uko kwatura baratwikwaga. III 157.1

Amanywa y’ihangu ku Bupapa yari igicuku mu by’imico mbonera ku batuye isi. Ibyanditswe Byera byasaga n’ibitakimenywa rwose haba kuri rubanda ndetse no ku bapadiri. Nk’uko byagendekeye Abafarisayo ba kera, abayobozi b’itorero bangaga umucyo washoboraga guhishura ibyaha byabo. Bamaze gukuraho amategeko y’Imana kandi ari yo rugero ndengerwaho rw’ubutungane, abayobozi b’itorero bakoresheje imbaraga nta nkomyi kandi bakora ibibi nta nta rutangira. Uburiganya, umururumba no gusayisha mu bibi byaraganje. Abantu ntibatinyaga gukora icyaha cyashoboraga kubahesha ubutunzi cyangwa umwanya w’icyubahiro. Ingoro z’abapapa n’amazu y’abakomeye mu itorero byari urubuga rw’ubusambanyi bw’indengakamere. Bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’itorero babaga bari ku butegetsi bahamwaga n’ibyaha bikomeye kandi biteye ishozi ku buryo abayobozi ba Leta z’isi bageragezaga gukuraho abo banyacyubahiro bo mu itorero nk’ibikomerezwa byakabije gusaya mu bibi ku buryo bitakwihanganirwa ko biguma ku ngoma. Hashize imyaka amagana menshi nta terambere mu by’ubwenge, ubuvanganzo ndetse n’isanzuramuco. Kugagara mu by’imico mbonera no mu by’ubwenge byari byaribasiye Ubukristo aho bwabarizwaga hose. III 157.2