ABAHANUZI N’ABAMI

UMUGABANE WA VI — UMUGEREKA KURI IKI GICE

Igishushanyo Nebukadinezari Yarose

Ubuhanuzi bukomeye bwerekeye ingoma z’abantu ni cyo gishushanyo cyo mu nzozi za Nebukadinezari umwami wa Babuloni wari umwami ukomeye kandi ufite inyota yo kugera ku rwego rusumbyeho. Yifuje kumenya ibizabaho nyuma y’igihe cye; kandi mu nzozi z’igishushanyo yarose kitashoboraga gusobanurwa n’umuntu n’umwe, Imana yamenyekanishije ibyajyaga kuzabaho. AnA 462.1

Nebukadinezari wizeraga ko Babuloni izahoraho iteka, Imana yamuhaye kurota inzozi. Imana kandi ikoresheje umuhanuzi wayo, yahaye Nebukadinezari ubusobanuro bw’izo nzozi kugira ngo Nebukadinezari amenye ko Babuloni itazahoraho iteka ndetse umwami amenye ko ukuri kurenze imigambi yo gukomeza ubwami bwa Babuloni. Imana yahaye Nebukadinezari inzozi n’ubusobanuro bwazo atari ukugira ngo umwami wa Babuloni amenye wenyine, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo umwami wese uzamukurikira azamenye ko ubwami bwo ku isi ari ubw’igihe gito, kandi bugomba guhanguka ndetse ko ubwami buhoraho bwonyine, butazahanguka, ari ubwami bwa Kristo, buhagarariwe na rya buye ryaje guhinduka umusozi munini maze rigakwira isi yose. AnA 462.2

Icyo gishushanyo cyose cy’umuntu cyari gihagarariye ubwami bwa muntu; ariko imigabane y’icyo gishushanyo, ibishushanyo by’ibyuma, bihagarariye ubwami bune bukomeye bwahinduye isi bwari guhera mu gihe cya Daniyeli bugakomeza bukaganza ku isi. Ubu bwami butangirira kuri Babuloni, kandi ku mutwe w’icyubahiro cyabwo bwari buyobowe na Nebukadinezari ndetse bwabaye ubwami bwahinduye isi mu buryo bugaragara cyane. Uwitwa A.H. Sayce aravuga ati: “Haba mu baturage benshi no mu mateka ya kera, ubwami bwo mu majyepfo bwa Babuloni bwaruse Ashuri birenze urugero. Aha muri Babuloni ni habaye ihuriro ndetse n’intangiriro ry’isanzuramuco ryaje gukwira hirya no hino muri Aziya y’Uburasirazuba.” ¹⁵ AnA 462.3

“Muri icyo gihugu havumbuwe ibisigisigi tumwe by’isanzuramuco rya kera ryari riteye imbere bitari byaravumbuwe kimwe n’ibyari bimaze igihe kirekire cyane biriho . . . Babuloni . . . yari ihagarariye umuco, isanzuramuco, ubuvanganzo ndetse n’imbaraga itegeka byose y’ibyerekeye iyobokamana.” ¹⁶ “Nta murwa mukuru mu isi wigeze uba ihuriro ry’ububasha, ubutunzi n’umuco mu gihe kirekire gityo.” ¹⁷ AnA 462.4

Byari bikwiriye ko ihishurirwa n’umuburo biturutse ku Mana byagombaga guhabwa ubwo bwami bukomeye bwahinduraga isi; ariko Babuloni, ikomeye kandi y’izahabu yaje guhanguka mu mwaka wa 539 MK (Mbere y’ivuka rya Kristo) iyobowe n’abami b’abanyantege nke Nabonidusi n’umuhungu we Berushari. Ibyo byabaye mu gisekuru iri hishurirwa rwatangiwemo. AnA 463.1

Babuloni yakurikiwe n’ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi n’umwami wabo Kuro Ukomeye. Hafi imyaka igera kuri magana abiri, Ubuperesi bwashushanywaga n’ifeza yo kuri cya gishushanyo [Nebukadinezari yarose] bwicaye ku ntebe y’ubwami bw’iyi yose. AnA 463.2

Mu mwaka wa 331 M.K, Darius III (Codomanusi) yarwaniye ubutegetsi na Alekizanderi Mukuru mu rugamba rwabereye ahitwa Arbela, maze Alekizanderi wo mu Bugiriki ahinduka umwami w’isi. Ikimenyetso cyarangaga Ubugiriki cyari umuringa. Alekizanderi yatanze mu mwaka wa 323 M.K; maze mu myaka mike ubwami bwe bugabanywamo ibice bine byari bihanganye maze mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho ubwami bucika intege cyane bityo bisigara ari umuhigo w’ubutegetsi bwakomeraga bw’umwami w’abami bwari buherereye ku ruzi rwa Tiberi. AnA 463.3

Roma yatsinze umugabane wa Siriya w’ubwami bwa kera bwari bukomeye bw’Ubugiriki mu mwaka wa 190 M.K., itsinda akarere ka Makedoniya k’ubwo bwami bwa kera mu mwaka wa 168 M.K., mu gihe Egiputa na yo yemeye ubutegetsi bw’ubwami bw’icyuma bwa Roma muri uwo mwaka. Nubwo yai ubutegetsi bwa repubulika, mu itangira ryayo Roma yari yunze ubumwe. Nyuma yaho yaje kuba ubwami bukubiye hamwe ubundi bwami. Mu bwami bwa Roma hajemo kwigabanya gushushanywa n’uruvange rw’icyuma n’ibumba. Ibyo byabaye biturutse mu kwigarurirwa kwihuse kwakozwe n’ubwoko bw’ababarubaro bari baturutse mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bw’Uburayi mu kinyejana cya kane; kandi Roma (ubwami bw’icyuma) burasenyuka burundu. Binyuze mu gushyingirana (ari byo ubuhanuzi bwavuzeho ko bazivanga n’urubyaro rw’abantu; ariko batazafatana); hakoreshejwe imbaraga zikomeye kugira ngo ibihugu by’u Burayi bifatanyirizwe (ari byo byakomotse ku kwigabanya k’ubwami bwa Roma) mu ishyanga rimwe rihuje nyamara ntibyashobotse. Bakoresheje imbaraga za gisirikare, Charlemagne na Napoleon bashatse kubaka ubwami bwunze ubumwe; ariko birabananira. Ubuhanuzi bwavuze ko ibyo bice bitazigera bifatana nk’uko icyuma kidashobora kwivanga n’ibumba. Ijambo rivuga ngo “ntibazafatana,” rikomeye cyane kurusha imibanire mu bya politiki y’ibihugu cyangwa imbaraga za gisirikare. AnA 463.4

Mu minsi y’amahanga aheruka yigabanyije mu bwami bwa Roma, Imana yo mu ijuru izimika ubwami bwayo butazigera buhanguka kandi butazahabwa ubundi bwoko uretse ubwoko bwayo bwite buzabuturamo iteka ryose. “Kandi izo nzozi ni iz’ukuri, no gusobanurwa kwazo ntiguhinyurwa.” AnA 464.1

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