Ivyizigiro Bihambaye

Ikigabane Ca 13 - Ubuhollande Na Scandinaviya

Kuva mu bihe vya kera, intwaro y’umukazo y’ubupapa yari yatumye abantu batera intambwe yo kuyiyamiriza. Imyaka amajana indwi imbere y’uko Luther atangura igikorwa ciwe, abepisikopi babiri bari barungitswe i Roma guserukira igihugu cabo, bamaze gusobanukirwa neza na kamere nyezina y’iyo “ntebe y’icubahiro”, babwiye umurongozi w’ishengero ry’i Roma aya majambo batarya umunwa: “Imana yagize Ishengero umwamikazi n’umufasha, integuro yamaho kandi y’iteka y'umuryango wayo, inkwano y’agaciro kanini idashobora gukabirana canke ngo ibore, kandi yarihaye urugori rwamaho n’inkoni y’ubutegetsi.. .ivyo vyiza vyose waravyikwegeyeko nk’igisuma. Wihaye intebe wewe ubwawe mu ngoro y’Imana; aho kuba umwungere wahindutse nk’ibingira mu ntama;.. .ushobora kugerageza kutwumvisha yuko uri umwepisikopi wo hejuru, ariko inyifato ikuranga yerekana ko utwaza umukazo.... Aho kuba umusuku w’abasuku , nk’uko wihaye iryo zina, uharanira kuba umuganwa w’abaganwa... Mwatumye abantu bakengera amabwirizwa y’lmana.... Mpwemu Yera, niwe aremesha amashengero yose aho ari kw’isi... Igisagara c’Imana yacu ari co twese tubamwo gishika mu ntara zose zo mu majuru; kandi ni kinini cane kuruta igisagara abahanuzi beranda bise Babuloni, kigomba kwerekana ko gifise inkomoko ku Mana, cipfuza gushika mw’ijuru hanyuma kikagaruka kwerekana ubukerebutsi budahera; hanyuma kandi nubwo atari ukuri, kikemeza ko kitigeze cihenda, kandi ko bidashoboka ko cokwihenda.” (Gerard Brandt, History of the Reformation in and About the Low Countries, b. 1, p. 6.) IB 173.3

Uko ibinjana vyagiye bikurikirana, n’abandi barahagurutse biyamiriza ingendo nk’iyo y’ubupapa. Kandi abo bigisha bo muri ivyo bihe vya mbere bagendeye ibihugu bitandukanye kandi bakamenyekana no ku mazina atandukanye, bari bafise kamere nk’iyo aba Walidensi kandi bashikanye hose ubumenyi bw’ubutumwa bwiza baraninjira no mu Buhollande. Inyigisho zabo ntizatevye gukwiragira hose. Bibiliya aba Walidensi bari basanzwe bakoresha bayihinduye mu giholande. Bamenyesheje ko “cari igitabo c’ingirakamaro kiruta ibindi kuko kitarimwo utujajuro, ibitito, inkuru zitwenza, ibinyoma; harimwo gusa amajambo y’ukuri. Ego ni vyo ko ugisangamwo aha na hariya icamwa coroshe kandi gisosa, ariko kugira ngo ugishikire, ubanza kurengana igihande c’inyuma kigumye gikingiye ivyo vyiza n’ivyo vyeranda bitegerezwa guhishurwa muri co.” (Ibid., b. 1, p. 14.) Ivyo vyashikirijwe n’abakunzi b’ukwo kwemera kwo hambere, ni bo bavyanditse mu kinjana ca cumi na kabiri. IB 174.1

Haciye hataho agahamo katanguwe n’ishengero ry’i Roma. Ariko hagati y’ugutotezwa no guturirwa, abizera babandanije kugwirirana, bamenyesha bashimitse ko Bibiliya ari rwo rugero rwonyene rutihenda mw’idini kandi ko “ata muntu akwiriye kugoberwa ngo yemere ku nguvu, ahubwo ko akwiriye kwiyegerezwa akazanwa n’insiguro.”( Martyn, vol. 2, p. 87.) IB 174.2

Inyigisho za Luther zashikiye mw’isi yimbuka y’Ubuholande, kandi abantu b’abizigirwa, bafise ishaka, barahagurutse kugira ngo bigishe ubutumwa bwiza. Mu ntara imwe mu zigize Ubuholande, hahagurutse umuntu yitwa Menno Simons. Yari umuntu yize, azi ibintu vyo mw’Ishengero Gatolika kandi yari yararaganye kuba umupatiri ariko nta kintu yari azi ku bijanye na Bibiliya kandi ntiyashobora kuyisoma kubwo gutinya kudibukira mu “nyigisho z'ibinyoma.” Mu gihe habaho gukekeranya ku nyigisho yerekeranye no kubona mu mukate no mu muvinyu w’lfunguro ryera umubiri n’amaraso nyezina vya Yesu; yabifashe nk’uko coba ari ikigeragezo kivuye kuri Satani, maze arondera kugihunga akoresheje amasengesho no kwirega, ariko ntivyagira aho bimushikana. Yahavuye yishiramwo ko yovyirengagiza maze afata umugambi wo kubuza ijwi ry’umutimanama rimwagiriza, ariko ntivyamushobokera. Haheze igihe yumvise agoberewe no kwiga Isezerano risha, kandi abifatanije n’inzandiko za Luther, vyatumye yemera inyigisho z’Ubugorozi. Mu kigwati can hafi y’aho abaye, yariboneye n’amaso yiwe umuntu yaciwe umutwe kubera y’uko yari yemeye kubatizwa. Ivyo vyamuteye gukurikirana muri Bibiliya inyigisho yerekeranye no kubatiza abana bakiri bato. Yasanze ata na hamwe Ivyanditswe bishigikira umubatizo nk'uyo, ariko abona ahubwo ukwihana no kwizera biboneka ahantu hose ko ari nkenerwa k1 umuntu kugira ngo yemererwe kubatizwa. IB 174.3

Menno yaciye asohoka mwishengero Gatolika maze ubuzima bwiwe aca abuha intumbero nshasha yo kwigisha ukuri yari amaze kumenya. Haba mu Budagi no mu Buhollande, umugwi w’abashigikira ibintu batabanje kurimbura waravutse, ushira imbere inyigisho zitagira urufatiro kandi zishigikira umugumuko. Hakiri kare, Menno yabonye inkurikizi imigwi nk’iyi yohava ibashikanako maze n’inguvu nyinshi, aca ahangana n’izo nyigisiho z’ibinyoma hamwe n’iyo migwi y’abashigikira ivyo batabanje kurimbura. Kandi vyarabonetse ko hariho abantu benshi bava mu miryango y’abakristo bo hambere bari bakiriho, abo bari umwimbu w’inyigisho z’aba Walidensi. Menno yakoranye umwete mwinshi hagati muri abo bantu kandi yashitse ku bintu bishimishije. IB 175.1

Mu gihe kingana n’imyaka mirongo ibiri n’itanu ari kumwe n’umufasha wiwe hamwe n’uruvyaro baronse, yama ari mu ngendo, ahura n’ingorane hamwe n’ubukene, kandi kenshi ubuzima bwiwe bwama bwageramiwe. Yaragendagenze Ubuholande bwose hamwe n’ubudagi bwo mu Buraruko, agakorana ku buryo budasanzwe n’imiryango ikenye ariko akayigirako ubwaku bushika kure. Yari asanzwe ari umuntu adafise ingorane mu kuvuga n’ubwo atari yarize amashure menshi. Yari umuntu w’inyankamugayo, yicisha bugufi kandi ashikirana. Yerekana ishaka mu gukunda Imana kandi yabikora bimuvuye ku mutima. Yama yashize mu ngiro ivyo yigisha, akabitangako akarorero mu buzima bwiwe; kandi ivyo vyatuma abantu bamwizigira. Abari bemeye inyigisho ziwe barabashwiragije kandi barabatoteza. Baciye mu bihe vy’umubabaro ukomeye kuko babitiranya n’abayoboke ba Munster. Ariko ivyo ntivyabujujije ko abantu batari bake bamenya ubutumwa bakihana kubw’igikorwa yariko ararangura. IB 175.2

Nta hantu na hamwe ubugorozi bwahawe ikaze muri rusangi nko mu Buhollande. Mu bihugu bike, abemeye inyigisho zabwo baratotejwe ku buryo buteye ubwoba. Mu Budagi, Charles wa Gatanu yari yahariye ubugorozi ivomo kandi vyari kumuhimbara abemeye inyigisho zabwo bose abamariye ku bishitsi vy’umuriro abaturiye; ariko abaganwa barahagurutse maze babera intambamyi ubwo bugizi bwa nabi yari yitwaje. Mu Buhollande yari ahafise ubushobozi bwinshi kandi amakete arimwo ingingo zirarikira guhama abagorozi yama yasohowe akurikirana. Gusoma Bibiliya, kwumva aho bayisoma canke bayisigura, canke mbere no kuvuga ikintu gifitaniye isano nayo, vyari bihagije kuba vyokururira umuntu urupfu bakamuturirira ku gishitsi bamuboshe. Gusengera Imana mw’ibanga, guhagarika gupfukamira igishushanyo canke kuririmba izaburi vyari bikwiranye n’igihano co kwicwa. Mbere n’abashobora kwigaya ku makosa bakoze barabacira urubanza: abagabo babicisha inkota; abagore babahamba babona. Abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbagiza barishwe mu gihe Charles wa Gatanu na Filipo wa Kabiri bari ku ngoma. IB 175.3

Igihe kimwe umuryango wose barawurengukanye imbere y’abacamanza b’Ishengero bawagiriza ko wanse kuja gukurikirana misa ariko ugasengera i muhira. Bariko barabaza abagize uwo muryango ibijanye n’ukwo kuntu basengera mw’ibanga, umuhungu mutoya yarimwo yabishuye avuga ati: “Turapfukama maze tugasenga Imana kugira ngo imurikire ubwenge bwacu kandi iduharire ivyaha; turasabira umwami kugira ngo ingoma yiwe iganze itere imbere kandi agire umunezereo mu buzima; turasengera abadutwara kugira ngo Imana yame ibakingira.” (Wylie, b. 18, ch. 6.) Ayo majambo yarakoze ku mutima bamwe mu bacamanza bari ng’aho, ariko ivyo ntivyabujije ko se w’uwo mwana hamwe n’umwe mu bahungu biwe babica bababoheye ku bishitsi bakabaturirira. IB 176.1

Ishavu ry'abo bahama abandi nta kindi kintu vyari kungana uretse ukwizera kw’abo ba maratiri. Si abagabo bonyene, ariko n’abagore nabo, mbere n’abakobwa bakiri bato, barerekanye ukwihangana kudasanzwe. “Abagore barerekana ko bashigikiye abagabo babo aho babahama bariko barabaturira”, “kandi mu gihe umuriro waba uriko uratema ugatongora, barabongorera amajambo yo kubaremesha canke bakabaririmbira amazaburi yo kubakomeza.” “Abakobwa bakiri inkumi bashobora kuryama hasi bakinjira mu mva ari bazima nk’uko boba binjiye kuryama mu cumba; canke baregera igishitsi bababoherako ngo babaturire bambaye umwambaro ubabereye nk’uko woba ari umusi bagina ubugeni.”(Ibid., b. 18, ch. 6.) IB 176.2

Nko mu gihe ubupagani bwarondera kuzimanganya ubutumwa bwiza, amaraso y’abakristo yari nk’imbuto ziriko zirabibwa ((See Tertullian, Apology, paragraph 50.) Agahamo katumye igitigiri c’abashingira intahe ukuri ciyongera. Umwaka ku wundi, umwami kubwo gusarishwa n’ishavu kubera abona abantu bamaze gushika ku rugero aho badashobora gusubira inyuma, yarondeye kubagirira nabi kuruta uko vyahora ariko ntaco vyamushikanyeko. Mu gihe c’intwaro y’umuganwa William w’i Orange, habayeho ihinduka mu gihugu ryatumye mu Buhollande haba umwidegemvyo wo gusenga Imana. IB 176.3

Mu misozi y’i Piemont, mu biyaya vyo mu Bufaransa, no mu turere two mu Buhollande tubanganbanganye n’ikiyaga, iterambere ry’ubutumwa bwiza ryaranzwe n’iseswa ry’amaraso y’ababwemeye. Ariko mu bihugu vyo mu buraruko, ubutumwa bwahinjiye ata nkomanzi. Igihe abanyeshure biga i Wittenberg bari basubiye i wabo, bajanye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi muri Scandinavia. Igwizwa ry’ibitabo vya Luther na ryo nyene ryarafashije gukwiragiza umuco. Abantu basanzwe kandi b’inguvu bo mu buraruko barahevye ububegito, ukwivyimvya hamwe no kwemera ibintazi kw’abarongozi b’i Roma maze baha ikaze ukuri kwa Bibiliya kworoshe, kutagira agasembwa kandi gutanga ubuzima. IB 176.4

Tausen, “umugorozi wo muri Danemark”, yari umuhungu w’umunyagihugu umwe. Uyo muhungu yerekanye hakiri kare yuko ari incabwenge. Yari afise inyota yo kwiga ariko ntivyamushobokera kubera ingene abavyeyi biwe bari babayeho; yaciye yinjira mu kigo c’abihebeye Imana. Ukuntu yari abayeho muri ico kigo atihumanya, yerekana ko afise intumbero kandi ari umwizigirwa, vyatumye agira ikiganza ciza imbere y’abarongozi biwe. Bamukurikiraniye hafi basanze afise impano ndemanwa yatumye abantu bizigira yuko mu misi yari imbere, yari guhava afasha Ishengero. Inama yahavuye igena yuko bamurungika kwigira muri imwe muri kaminuza zo mu Budagi canke izo mu Buhollande. Uwo munyeshure yari akin umusore yahawe uburenganzira bwo guhitamwo ishure yipfuza kwigamwo uretse gusa i Wittenberg. “Ntivyari kuba vyiza kubona incabwenge y’lshengero bayireka ikaba yobangamirwa n’uburozi bw’inyigisho “z’ibinyoma”. Uko ni ko abamonaki bavuga. IB 176.5

Tausen yagiye i Cologne hari hasanzwe mbere n’ubu hakiri abantu inyigisho z’lshengero Gatolika ry’i Roma zashinzemwo imizi. Ariko ntiyatevye kuduhirwa n’inyigisho zifise ibintu zinyegeje z’abigisha biwe. Mu gihe yari muri ayo madidane yaciye aronka ivyandiko vya Luther. Yabisomanye ugutangara kwinshi hamwe n’umunezero ku buryo yaronderanye ishaka ukuntu yoshira mu ngiro inyigisho z’uyo mugorozi. Ariko gukora gutyo vyangana no guhemukira abamonaki bamukuriye hamwe no kwiyaka ubufasha bamuronsa. Ariko ingingo yari yafashe ntiyari iyo gusubira inyuma. Rero bidatevye, yiyandikishije muri kaminuza y’i Wittenberg. IB 177.1

Aho yagaruka i Danemark, yongeye gusubira mu kigo c’abihebeye Imana. Nta n’umwe yari bwabice n’ikanda ko yakiriye inyigisho za Luther, kandi ryagumye ari ibanga ryiwe. Ariko yumva afise ishaka mu mutima ryo kurongora abagenzi biwe ku kwizera kutagira agasembwa no ku buzima bweranda ariko atabarengeye akarimbi. Yaruguruye Bibiliya, abaha insiguro yayo nyayo, hanyuma impera n’imperuka abasigurira ivya Kristo ko ari we wenyene yatsinze icaha kandi ko ari we vyizigiro vy’agakiza kacu. Umumonaki mukuru wo muri ico kigo vyamuteye ishavu ryinshi kuko ivyizigiro vyiwe vyose yari yamwubatseko nk’umuntu azohagararira inyigisho z’lshengero ry’i Roma, vyari bisambutse. Igihe kimwe baramwimuye muri ico kigo bamujana ku kindi, bamutegeka kuguma mu cumba ciwe aho bamukurikiranira hafi. IB 177.2

Ntivyatwaye igihe kinini abarongozi biwe bashasha badatewe n’ubwoba bw’ukubona ukuntu abamonaki benshi muri ico kigo bamenyesha ko bakiriye nabo inyigisho z’ubuprotestanti. Mu cumba yari yugaraniyemwo, Tausen yari yashoboye gushirikiriza abagenzi biwe ubumenyi bwerekeranye n’ukuri. Iyo abo bavyeyi mu vya Mpwemu b’abanyedanemarke baba abantu b’abahinga mu vy’umugambi w’ishengero Gatolika wo kurwanya inyigisho z’Ubugorozi, ijwi rya Tausen ntiryari kuzokwongera kwumvikana na rimwe. Ariko aho kumwugaranira mu gasho ko mu kuzimu kari mu nyubakwa zimwe, baramwugururiye asohoka muri ico kigo c’abihebeye Imana. Ubu rero nta bubasha bari bakimuifiseko. Noneho hari hamaze gusohoka itegeko ry’Umwami, rikingira abariko baramenyesha izo nyigisho nshasha. Tausen yaciye atangura gusigura icese. Amashengero yaramuha ikaze maze abantu bakaza ari benshi kumwumviriza. Harabonetse n’abandi batangura gusigura ijambo ryTmana. Isezerano risha risobanuwe mu rurimi rw’ikinyedanemarke, ryarakwiragijwe hirya no hino. Akigoro abayoboke ba Papa bari berekanye ko gusambura igikorwa c’Ubugorozi katumye ahubwo gitsimbatara, kiraguka, maze igihugu ca Danemark nticateba kumenyesha ko cemeye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi. IB 177.3

No muri Suede naho nyene, abantu bakiri bato bari baravomye kw’isoko ry’i Wittenberg barakwiragiza amazi y’ubuzima ku banyagihugu baho. Babiri mu barongozi b’Ubugorozi muri Suede, Olaf na Laurentius Petri, abahungu babiri b’umucuzi w’l Orebre, bari barigishijwe na Luther hamwe na Melanchton, kandi ukuri bamenye bari bihutiye kukumenyesha abandi. Nk’uko Luther yabigenza, Olaf nawe yatumye abantu bikangura kubwo ishaka yari afise n’ingene yashikiriza iwo yigigisha, mu gihe Laurentius we yamushigikiza ukuvuga make ariko yiyumvira cane. Bompi bari abagabo bitwararika ivy’Imana, banonosoye ivy’iyobokamana kandi badahugumba mu kwamamaza ukuri. Abayoboke ba Papa ntibari bareze amaboko imbere y’igikorwa nk’ico. Abapatiri babateje abantu bafise ubumenyi buke kandi bemera n’ibintazi. Kenshi, Olaf Petri yama yatewe n’abantu bagumutse kandi ubuzima bwiwe bwarahatswe ibihe bitari bike. Ariko rero, abo bagorozi bari bashigikiwe n’umwami kandi yarabakingira. IB 177.4

Mu gihe c’Ubutegetsi bw’Ishengero ry’i Roma, abantu bari babohewe mu bukene butagira izina kandi bakandamijwe. Bari barakuwe ku Vyanditswe. Idini bari basigaranye ryari iry’ibimenyetso hamwe n’ibirori bidashobora kumurikira ubwenge. Bari barasubiye ku kwemera ibintanzi no ku migenzo ya gipagani ya ba sekuruza babo. Igihugu cari ciciyemwo imirwi y’abantu badahana nirwere, bari batumye ubukene burushirizaho kwiyongera kubwo kwama batanye mu mitwe. Kubera yuko umwami yari yariyemeje guhimiriza Ubugorozi mu gihugu no mwishengero, yashoboye guha ikaze abo barongozi bari kumufasha guhangana n’inyigisho zishengerory’i Roma. IB 178.1

Imbere y’umwami hamwe n’abandi barongozi b’igihugu ca Suede, Olaf Petri yarashigikiranye ubuhinga bwinshi inyigisho z’Ubugorozi, arahangana n’abayoboke bishengero ry’i Roma. Yaramenyesheje ko inyigisho z’ababoneye abandi izuba mwishengero zokwakirwa hisunzwe Ivyanditswe vyera; kandi ko inyigisho ngenderwako z’ishimikiro mu kwizera zigishirizwa muri Bibiliya mu buryo bworoshe kandi bwumvikana, kugira ngo abantu bose bashobore kuzitahura. Kristo yavuze ati: “Izi nyigisho zanje si izanje, ni iz’uwantumye” (Yohana 7:16) ; kandi na Paulo yaramenyesheje ko ‘“yoba avumwe uwokwigisha ubundi butumwa bwiza uretse ubwo yahawe.” (Ab’i Galatiya 1:8). “None mwumva abandi bokwubahuka gute gushiraho inyigisho ntabanduka nshasha biyumviriye maze bagaca bazigira urufatiro rubereye rwo kuronka agakiza”, uwo mugorozi ni ko yaciye abaza. (Wylie, b. 10, ch. 4.) Yerekanye ko ingingo zishengero ata bubasha zifise igihe zihushanije n’amabwirizwa yimana, maze atsimbataza ingingo nyamukuru y’Ubuprotestanti y’uko: “Bibiliya, kandi Bibiliya yonyene” ari rwo rufatiro rwonyene rwo kwizera no gukora. IB 178.2

Uku guharira gukomeye n’aho kwabereye ku rwego ruciriye hagufi, kwafashije kwerekana “ijunja ry’abantu bari bagize ingabo z’abagorozi. Ntibari inkandagira bitabo, ntibarondera kwikumira kandi nta n’ubwo baharira bashaka gutera unvamo - kure y’ivyo, bari abantu bize ijambo ryimana kandi bari bazi gukoresha neza ibirwanisho baronswa bivuye mu bubiko bwa Bibiliya. Kubwo kumenya ibintu n’ibindi, bari imbere rwose y’abantu b’urunganwe rwabo. Iyo twihweje neza ibigo nka Wittenberg na Zurich vyabaye rurangiranwa, tukiyumvira ku mazina yamenyekanye hose nka Luther na Melanchton, nka Zwingli na Oecolampadius, haba hasigaye gato tukaba twovuga ko aba bari abarongozi b’Ubugorozi, kandi ni bintu bisanzwe ko duca tubona ko bari bafise ubushobozi bugenda bwiyongera hamwe n’ubumenyi bwagutse; ariko ko ababafashije batari ku rugero nk’urwo. Ariko rero, duhindukiye gato tukaja ku kibuga kitamenyekanye cane ca Suede, tukaraba amazina aciye bugufi ya Olaf na Laurentius Petri - tuvuye ku bigisha tukaja ku bigishwa, tubona iki? Incabwenge n’abanonosoye ivy’iyobokamana, abantu bari basobanukiwe neza ku buryo bwuzuye n’ibintu vyose bijanye n’ukuri; kandi bashoboye gutsinda bitagoranye abigira abahinga mu vyo ubumenyi hamwe n’abanyacubahiro b’Ishengero ry’i Roma.” (Ibid., b. 10, ch. 4) IB 178.3

Muri ukwo guharira havuyemwo ikintu kidasanzwe: umwami wa Suede yarakiriye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi, arazemera, maze hadaciye igihe kirekire inama nshingamateka y’ico gihugu irerekana ko ishigikiye ukwizera kw’a baprotestanti. Isezerano risha ryarashizwe mu rurimi kavukire na Olaf Petri. Hamwe n’ivyo, babisabwe n’umwami, Olaf Petri na mwene wabo batanguye igikorwa co guhindura Bibiliya yose mu rurimi rwabo. Uko ni ko ijambo ry’Imana ryashikiriye abantu bo muri Suede ubwa mbere na mbere mu rurimi kavukire rwabo. Inama nkuru y’igihugu yashinze itegeko ivuga ko mu gihugu cose abashikiranganji bakwriye gusigura Ivyanditswe kandi ko mu mashure abana bategerezwa kwigishwa gusoma Bibiliya. IB 179.1

Ku buryo budasubira inyuma, buhoro buhoro, umwiza w’ubutamenya hamwe n’ukwemera ibintazi wareyuwe n’umuco uhezagiye w’ubutumwa bwiza. Agacinyizo k’Ishengero ry’i Roma kabavuye ku gakanu. Abanyagihugu bo muri Suede barateye imbere bashika ku rugero rw’ubukomezi n’ubushobozi batari bwigere bashikako na rimwe. Igihugu ca Suede cahindutse kimwe mu vyahagarariye ubuprotestanti. Imyaka ijana irangiye, mu gihe hariho ukubangamirwa kudasanzwe, ako gahugu gatoya, k’intege nke, ni ko konyene mu Burayi bwose kashoboye kwinanata kubahuka kuza kuremesha no gushigikira Ubudagi mu ndwano ihambaye yitiriwe iy’imyaka mirongo itatu.” Igice cose c’Uburaruko bw’Uburaya hari hasigaye gato gusa kikongera kugarukanwa musi y’agacinyizo k’ishengero ry’i Roma. Ingabo zo muri Suede ni zo zafashije Ubudagi burakubura aho ubupapa bwari bwashinze ibirindiro, maze habona kubaho kworohereza hamwe no kwihanganira Ubuprotestanti - abayoboke ba Calvin n’aba Luther - no kunagura umwidegemvyo w’umutimana kuri ivyo bihugu vyari vyakiriye bikemera inyigisho z’Ubugorozi. IB 179.2