Noah Webster’s 1828 Dictionary
INCH-MEAL — INCOMMODIOUSLY
INCH-MEAL, n. [inch and meal.] A piece an inch long.
INCHOATE, v.t. [L. inchoo.] To begin. [Little used.]
INCHOATE, a. Begun; commenced.
It is neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate.
INCHOATELY, adv. In an incipient degree.
INCHOATION, n. The act of beginning; commencement; inception.
The setting on foot some of those arts in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them. [Little used.]
INCHOATIVE, a. Noting beginning; inceptive; as an inchoative verb, otherwise called inceptive.
INCIDE, v.t. [L. incido; in and coedo, to strike.]
To cut; to separate; as medicines.
INCIDENCE, n. [L. incidens; incido, to fall on; in and cado, to fall.]
1. Literally, a falling on; whence, an accident or casualty.
2. The manner of falling on, or the direction in which one body falls on or strikes another. The angle which the line of falling, or the direction of a moving body striking another, makes with the place struck, is called the angle of incidence. When rays of light striking a body are reflected, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal.
In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions.
INCIDENT, a. Falling; casual; fortuitous; coming or happening occasionally, or not in the usual course of things, or not according to expectation or in connection with the main design.
As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so man’s rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered.
A proposition introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc. is called an incident proposition; as, Julius, whose surname was Caesar, overcame Pompey.
1. Happening; apt to happen; as intemperate passions incident to human nature; diseases incident to a climate; misfortunes incident to the poor.
2. Appertaining to or following the chief or principal. A court baron is incident to a manor.
INCIDENT, n. That which falls out; an event; casualty.
1. That which happens aside of the main design; an episode or subordinate action.
No person, no incident in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design.
INCIDENTAL, a. Happening; coming without design; casual; accidental; as an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence.
1. Not necessary to the chief purpose; occasional.
By some persons, religious duties appear to be regarded as an incidental business.
INCIDENTAL, n. An incident. [Little used.]
INCIDENTALLY, adv. Casually; without intention; accidentally. I was incidentally present when the conversation took place.
1. Beside the main design; occasionally.
I treat either purposely or incidentally of colors.
INCIDENTLY, adv. Occasionally; by the way. [Not used.]
INCINERATE, v.t. [L. in and cinis, cineris, ashes]
To burn to ashes.
INCINERATED, pp. Burnt to ashes.
INCINERATING, ppr. Reducing to ashes by combustion.
INCINERATION, n. The act of reducing to ashes by combustion.
INCIPIENCY, n. Beginning; commencement.
INCIPIENT, a. [L. incipiens, incipio; in and capio, to take.]
Beginning; commencing; as the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light or day.
INCIRCLET, n. A small circle.
INCIRCUMSCRIPTIBLE, a. That cannot be circumscribed or limited.
INCIRCUMSPECTION, n. [in and circumspection.] Want of circumspection; heedlessness.
INCISE, v.t. s as z. To cut in; to carve.
INCISED, a. [L. incisus, from incido, to cut.]
Cut; made by cutting; as an incised wound; incised lips.
INCISELY, adv. In the manner of incisions or notches.
INCISION, n. s as z. [L. incisio, from incido, to cut.]
1. A cutting; the act of cutting into a substance.
2. A cut; a gash; the separation of the surface of any substance made by a sharp instrument. The surgeon with his knife makes an incision in the flesh, and the gardener, in a tree; but we do not say, an incision is made with a plow or a spade; at least such phraseology is unusual.
3. Separation of viscid matter by medicines.
INCISIVE, a. Having the quality of cutting or separating the superficial part of any thing.
Incisive teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters.
INCISOR, n. [L.] A cutter; a fore tooth, which cuts, bites or separates.
INCISORY, a. Having the quality of cutting.
INCISURE, n. [L. incisura.] A cut; a place opened by cutting; an incision.
INCITANT, n. [from incite.] That which excites action in an animal body.
INCITATION, n. [L. incitatio. See Incite.]
1. The act of inciting or moving to action; incitement.
2. Incitement; incentive; motive; that which excites to action; that which rouses or prompts.
INCITE, v.t. [L. incito; in and cito, to call, to stir up.]
1. To move the mind to action by persuasion or motives presented; to stir up; to rouse; to spur on.
Antiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans.
2. To move to action by impulse or influence.
No blown ambition does our arms incite.
3. To animate; to encourage.
INCITED, pp. Moved to action; stirred up; spurred on.
INCITEMENT, n. That which incites the mind or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse.
From the long records of a distant age,
Derive incitement to renew thy rage.
INCITER, n. He or that which incites or moves to action.
INCITING, ppr. Exciting to action; stirring up.
In general, incite denotes to operate on the mind or will; excite has the same sense, but it extends also to the passions and to material substances; as, to excite action in the heart and arteries.
INCIVIL, a. [in and civil.] Uncivil; rude; unpolite. [But uncivil is generally used.]
INCIVILITY, n. Want of courtesy; rudeness of manners towards others; impoliteness.
1. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding; with a plural. Loud laughter and uncomely jests in respectable company, are incivilities and indecencies.
INCIVILLY, adv. Uncivilly; rudely.
INCIVISM, n. [in and civism.] Want of civism; want of love to one’s country or of patriotism; unfriendliness to the state or government of which one is a citizen.
INCLASP, v.t. To clasp; to hold fast.
INCLAVATED, a. Set; fast fixed.
INCLE, n. A kind of tape made of linen yarn.
INCLEMENCY, n. [L. inclementia. See Clemency.]
1. Want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; harshness; severity; applied to persons.
2. Roughness, boisterousness; storminess; or simply raininess; severe cold, etc.; applied to the weather. We were detained by the inclemency of the weather.
INCLEMENT, a. Destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.
1. Rough; stormy; boisterous; rainy; rigorously cold, etc.; as inclement weather; inclement sky.
INCLINABLE, a. [L. inclinabilis. See Incline.]
1. Leaning; tending; as a tower inclinable to fall.
2. Having a propension of will; leaning in disposition; somewhat disposed; as a mind inclinable to truth.
INCLINATION, n. [L. inclinatio. See Incline.]
1. A leaning; any deviation of a body or line from an upright position, or from a parallel line, towards another body; as the inclination of the head in bowing.
2. In geometry, the angle made by two lines or planes that meet; as, the inclination of axis of the earth to the place of the ecliptic is 23 deg. 28 feet.
3. A leaning of the mind or will; propension or propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another. The prince has no inclination to peace. The bachelor has manifested no inclination to marry. Men have a natural inclination to pleasure.
A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing.
4. Love; affection; regard; desire; with for. Some men have an inclination for music, others for painting.
5. Disposition of mind.
6. The dip of the magnetic needle, or its tendency to incline towards the earth; also, the angle made by the needle with the horizon.
7. The act of decanting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel.
INCLINATORILY, adv. Obliquely; with inclination.
INCLINATORY, a. Having the quality of leaning or inclining.
INCLINE, v.t. [L. inclino; in and clino; Eng. to lean.]
1. To lean; to deviate from an erect or parallel line toward any object; to tend. Converging lines incline toward each other. A road inclines to the north or south. Connecticut river runs south, inclining in some part of its course to the west, and below middletown, it inclines to the east.
2. To lean; in a moral sense; to have a propension; to be disposed; to have some wish or desire.
Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges 9:3.
3. To have an appetite; to be disposed; as, to be inclined to eat.
INCLINE, v.t. To cause to deviate from an erect, perpendicular or parallel line; to give a leaning to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right.
1. To give a tendency or propension to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose.
Incline our hearts to keep this law.
Incline my heart to thy testimonies. Psalm 119:36.
2. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility.
INCLINED, pp. Having a leaning or tendency; disposed.
Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane.
INCLINER, n. An inclined dial.
INCLINING, ppr. Leaning; causing to lean.
INCLINING, a. Leaning.
INCLIP, v.t. [in and clip.] To grasp; to inclose; to surround.
INCLOISTER, v.t. [in and cloister.] To shut up or confine in a cloister. [But cloister is generally used.]
INCLOSE, v.t. s as z. [L. inclusus, includo; in and claudo, or cludo.]
1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; as, to inclose a field with a fence; to inclose a fort or an army with troops; to inclose a town with walls.
2. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands.
3. To include; to shut or confine; as, to inclose trinkets in a box.
4. To environ; to encompass.
5. To cover with a wrapper or envelop; to cover under seal; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note.
INCLOSED, pp. Surrounded; encompassed; confined on all sides; covered and sealed; fenced.
INCLOSER, n. He or that which incloses; one who separates land from common grounds by a fence.
INCLOSING, ppr. Surrounding; encompassing; shutting in; covering and confining.
INCLOSURE, n. The act of inclosing.
1. The separation of land from common ground into distinct possessions by a fence.
2. The appropriation of things common.
3. State of being inclosed, shut up or encompasses.
4. A space inclosed or fenced; a space comprehended within certain limits.
5. Ground inclosed or separated from common land.
6. That which is inclosed or contained in an envelop, as a paper.
INCLOUD, v.t. [in and cloud.] To darken; to obscure.
INCLOUDED, pp. Involved in obscurity.
INCLOUDING, ppr. Darkening; obscuring.
INCLUDE, v.t. [L. includo; in and cludo, to shut up.]
1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a shell. [But in these senses we more commonly use inclose.]
2. To comprise; to comprehend; to contain. The history of England necessarily includes a portion of that of France. The word duty, includes what we owe to God, to our fellow men, and to ourselves; it includes also a tax payable to the government.
INCLUDED, pp. Contained; comprehended.
INCLUDING, ppr. Containing; comprising.
INCLUSION, n. s as z. [L. inclusio.] The act of including.
INCLUSIVE, a. Inclosing; encircling.
1. Comprehended in the number or sum; as form Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday.
INCLUSIVELY, adv. Comprehending the thing mentioned; as from Monday to Saturday inclusively.
INCOAGULABLE, a. [in and coagulable.] That cannot be coagulated or concreted.
INCOERCIBLE, a. [in and coercible, from coerce.]
Not to be coerced or compelled; that cannot be forced.
INCOEXISTENCE, n. [in and coexistence.] A not existing together. [Not common.]
INCOG, adv. [contracted from incognito.]
In concealment; in disguise; in a manner not to be known.
INCOGITANCY, n. [L. incogitantia; in and cogito, to think.]
Want of thought, or want of the power of thinking.
INCOGITANT, a. Not thinking; thoughtless.
INCOGITANTLY, adv. Without consideration.
INCOGITATIVE, a. [in and cogitative.] Not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as, a vegetable is an incogitative being.
INCOGNITO, adv. [L. incognitus; in and cognitus, known.]
In concealment; in a disguise of the real person.
INCOGNIZABLE, a. incon’izable. [in and cognizable.]
That cannot be recognized, known or distinguished.
The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become incognizable--
INCOHERENCE, INCOHERENCY, n. [in and coherence.]
1. Want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence; looseness or unconnected state of parts, as of a powder.
2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement, or dependence of one part on another; as the incoherence of arguments, facts or principles.
3. Inconsistency; that which does not agree with other parts of the same thing.
INCOHERENT, a. [in and coherent.]
1. Wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; not fixed to each other; applied to material substances.
2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; as, the thoughts of a dreaming man, and the language of a madman, are incoherent.
INCOHERENTLY, adv. Inconsistently; without coherence of parts; as, to talk incoherently.
INCOINCIDENCE, n. [in and coincidence.]
Want of coincidence or agreement.
INCOINCIDENT, a. [in and coincident.]
Not coincident; not agreeing in time, place or principle.
INCOLUMITY, n. [L. incolumitas.] Safety; security.
INCOMBINE, v.i. To differ.
INCOMBUSTIBILITY, n. [from incombustible.]
The quality of being incapable of being burnt or consumed.
INCOMBUSTIBLE, a. [in and combustible.] Not to be burnt, decomposed or consumed by fire. Amianth is an incombustible substance.
INCOMBUSTIBLENESS, n. Incombustibility.
INCOME, n. in’cum. [in and come.] That gain which proceeds from labor, business or property of any kind; the produce of a farm; the rent of houses; the proceeds of professional business; the profits of commerce or of occupation; the interest of money or stock in funds. Income is often used synonymously with revenue, but income is more generally applied to the gain of private persons, and revenue to that of a sovereign or of a state. We speak of the annual income of a gentleman, and the annual revenue of the state.
1. A coming in; admission; introduction. [Not in use.]
INCOMING, a. Coming in.
INCOMING, n. [in and come.] Income; gain.
Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations.
INCOMMENSURABILITY, n. [from incommensurable.]
The quality or state of a thing, when it has no common measure with another thing, or when the same thing will not exactly measure both.
INCOMMENSURABLE, a. [in and commensurable.]
Having no common measure. Two lines are incommensurable, when, compared to each other, they have no common measure, that is, no measure that will exactly measure both. oth. Quantities are incommensurable, when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both.
INCOMMENSURATE, a. [in and commensurate.]
1. Not admitting of a common measure.
2. Not of equal measure or extent; not adequate. Our means are incommensurate to our wants.
INCOMMENSURATELY, adv. Not in equal or due measure or proportion.
INCOMMISCIBLE, a. [in and commix.]
That cannot be commixed or mutually mixed.
INCOMMIXTURE, n. A state of being unmixed.
INCOMMODE, v.t. [L. incommodo; in and commodo, con and modus.]
To give inconvenience to; to give trouble to; to disturb or molest in the quiet enjoyment of something, or in the facility of acquisition. It denotes less than annoy, vex or harass. We are incommoded by want of room to sit at ease. Visits of strangers at unseasonable hours, incommode a family. Often we are incommoded by a fashionable dress.