Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words

Resurrection — Rust

Resurrection

1: ἀνάστασις
(Strong's #386 — Noun Feminine — anastasis — an-as'-tas-is )

denotes (I) "a raising up," or "rising" (ana, "up," and histemi, "to cause to stand"), Luke 2:34 , "the rising up;" the AV "again" obscures the meaning; the Child would be like a stone against which many in Israel would stumble while many others would find in its strength and firmness a means of their salvation and spiritual life; (II) of "resurrection" from the dead, (a) of Christ, Acts 1:22 ; Acts 2:31 ; Acts 4:33 ; Romans 1:4 ; Romans 6:5 ; Philippians 3:10 ; 1 Peter 1:3 ; 1 Peter 3:21 ; by metonymy, of Christ as the Author of "resurrection," John 11:25 ; (b) of those who are Christ's at His Parousia (see COMING), Luke 14:14 , "the resurrection of the just;" Luke 20:33, 35, 36 ; John 5:29 (1st part), "the resurrection of life;" John 11:24 ; Acts 23:6 ; Acts 24:15 (1st part); 1 Corinthians 15:21, 42 ; 2 Timothy 2:18 ; Hebrews 11:35 (2nd part), see RAISE , Note (3); Revelation 20:5 , "the first resurrection;" hence the insertion of "is" stands for the completion of this "resurrection," of which Christ was "the firstfruits;" Revelation 20:6 ; (c) of "the rest of the dead," after the Millennium (cp. Revelation 20:5 ); John 5:29 (2nd part), "the resurrection of judgment;" Acts 24:15 (2nd part), "of the unjust;" (d) of those who were raised in more immediate connection with Christ's "resurrection," and thus had part already in the first "resurrection," Acts 26:23 ; Romans 1:4 (in each of which "dead" is plural; see Matthew 27:52 ); (e) of the "resurrection" spoken of in general terms, Matthew 22:23 ; Mark 12:18 ; Luke 20:27 ; Acts 4:2 ; Acts 17:18 ; Acts 23:8 ; Acts 24:21 ; 1 Corinthians 15:12, 13 ; Hebrews 6:2 ; (f) of those who were raised in OT times, to die again, Hebrews 11:35 (1st part), lit., "out of resurrection."

2: ἐξανάστασις
(Strong's #1815 — Noun Feminine — exanastasis — ex-an-as'-tas-is )

ek, "from" or "out of," and No. 1, Philippians 3:11 , followed by ek, lit., "the out-resurrection from among the dead." For the significance of this see ATTAIN , No. 1.

3: ἔγερσις
(Strong's #1454 — Noun Feminine — egersis — eg'-er-sis )

"a rousing" (akin to egeiro, "to arouse, to raise"), is used of the "resurrection" of Christ, in Matthew 27:53 .

Retain

1: κρατέω
(Strong's #2902 — Verb — krateo — krat-eh'-o )

"to be strong, obtain, hold, hold fast," is translated "to retain," of sins, John 20:23 (twice); see on REMIT. See HOLD , KEEP , OBTAIN , TAKE.

Notes: (1) In Philemon 1:13 , AV, katecho, "to hold fast, hold back, detain," is translated "to retain" (RV, to keep). (2) In Romans 1:28 , AV, echo, "to have" (RV), is translated "to retain."

Return

1: ἀναλύω
(Strong's #360 — Verb — analuo — an-al-oo'-o )

"to depart" in Philippians 1:23 , signifies "to return" in Luke 12:36 , used in a simile of the "return" of a lord for his servants after a marriage feast (RV). See DEPART , No. 16.

2: ἀναστρέφω
(Strong's #390 — Verb — anastrepho — an-as-tref'-o )

"to turn back," is translated "to return" in Acts 5:22 ; Acts 15:16 . See ABIDE , BEHAVE.

3: ἐπιστρέφω
(Strong's #1994 — Verb — epistrepho — ep-ee-stref'-o )

"to turn about," or "towards," is translated "to return" in Matthew 12:44 ; Matthew 24:18 ; Mark 13:16 , RV (AV, "turn back again"); Luke 2:39 ; Luke 8:55 , RV (AV, "came again"); 17:31; Acts 15:36 , RV (AV, "go again"). See CONVERT , A, No. 2, TURN.

4: ὑποστρέφω
(Strong's #5290 — Verb — hupostrepho — hoop-os-tref'-o )

"to turn behind," or "back" (hupo, "under"), is translated "to return" (in some texts in Mark 14:40 ) in Luke 1:56 ; Luke 2:20, 43 ; Luke 2:45 , RV (AV, "turned back again"); 4:1,14; 7:10; 8:37; 10:17; 11:24, AV (RV, "I will turn back"); 17:18; 19:12; 23:48,56; Acts 1:12 ; Acts 12:25 ; Acts 13:13 ; Acts 13:34 ; Acts 20:3 ; Acts 21:6 ; Acts 22:17 , RV (AV, "was come again"); 23:32; Galatians 1:17 ; Hebrews 7:1 . See TURN (back).

5: ἀνακάμπτω
(Strong's #344 — Verb — anakampto — an-ak-amp'-to )

"to turn or bend back," occurs in Matthew 2:12 ; Luke 10:6 (i.e., as if it was unsaid); Acts 18:21 ; Hebrews 11:15 .

6: ἐπανάγω
(Strong's #1877 — Verb — epanago — ep-an-ag'-o )

"to bring up or back" (primarily a nautical term for "putting to sea;" see LAUNCH , PUT), is used intransitively, in Matthew 21:18 , "He returned."

Note: In Luke 19:15 , AV, epanerchomai, "to come back again" (RV) is translated "returned." See COME , No. 4.

Reveal

1: ἀποκαλύπτω
(Strong's #601 — Verb — apokalupto — ap-ok-al-oop'-to )

signifies "to uncover, unveil" (apo, "from," kalupto, "to cover"); both verbs are used in Matthew 10:26 ; in Luke 12:2 , apokalupto is set in contrast to sunkalupto, "to cover up, cover completely." "The NT occurrences of this word fall under two heads, subjective and objective. The subjective use is that in which something is presented to the mind directly, as, (a) the meaning of the acts of God, Matthew 11:25 ; Luke 10:21 ; (b) the secret of the Person of the Lord Jesus, Matthew 16:17 ; John 12:38 ; (c) the character of God as Father, Matthew 11:27 ; Luke 10:22 ; (d) the will of God for the conduct of His children, Philippians 3:15 ; (e) the mind of God to the prophets of Israel, 1 Peter 1:12 , and of the Church, 1 Corinthians 14:30 ; Ephesians 3:5 .

"The objective use is that in which something is presented to the senses, sight or hearing, as, referring to the past, (f) the truth declared to men in the gospel, Romans 1:17 ; 1 Corinthians 2:10 ; Galatians 3:23 ; (g) the Person of Christ to Paul on the way to Damascus, Galatians 1:16 ; (h) thoughts before hidden in the heart, Luke 2:35 ; referring to the future, (i) the coming in glory of the Lord Jesus, Luke 17:30 ; (j) the salvation and glory that await the believer, Romans 8:18 ; 1 Peter 1:5 ; 1 Peter 5:1 ; (k) the true value of service, 1 Corinthians 3:13 ; (l) the wrath of God (at the Cross, against sin, and, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus, against the sinner), Romans 1:18 ; (m) the Lawless One, 2 Thessalonians 2:3, 6, 8 ." * [* From Notes on Galatians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 41,42.]

2: χρηματίζω
(Strong's #5537 — Verb — chrematizo — khray-mat-id'-zo )

"to give Divine admonition, instruction, revelation," is translated "it had been revealed," in Luke 2:26 . See ADMONITION , B, No. 3, CALL.

Revel, Reveling

1: τρυφή
(Strong's #5172 — Noun Feminine — truphe — troo-fay' )

"luxuriousness, daintiness, reveling," is translated freely by the verb "to revel" in 2 Peter 2:13 , RV (AV, "to riot"), lit., "counting reveling in the daytime a pleasure." In Luke 7:25 it is used with en, "in," and translated "delicately." See DELICATELY , RIOT.

2: κῶμος
(Strong's #2970 — Noun Masculine — komos — ko'-mos )

"a revel, carousal," the concomitant and consequence of drunkenness, is used in the plural, Romans 13:13 , translated by the singular, RV, "reveling" (AV, "rioting"); Galatians 5:21 ; 1 Peter 4:3 , "revelings." See RIOT.

Note: For entruphao, 2 Peter 2:13 , RV, "to revel," see SPORTING.

Revelation

1: ἀποκάλυψις
(Strong's #602 — Noun Feminine — apokalupsis — ap-ok-al'-oop-sis )

"an uncovering" (akin to apokalupto; see above), "is used in the NT of (a) the drawing away by Christ of the veil of darkness covering the Gentiles, Luke 2:32 ; cp. Isaiah 25:7 ; (b) 'the mystery,' the purpose of God in this age, Romans 16:25 ; Ephesians 3:3 ; (c) the communication of the knowledge of God to the soul, Ephesians 1:17 ; (d) an expression of the mind of God for the instruction of the church, 1 Corinthians 14:6, 26 , for the instruction of the Apostle Paul, 2 Corinthians 12:1, 7 ; Galatians 1:12 , and for his guidance, Galatians 2:2 ; (e) the Lord Jesus Christ, to the saints at His Parousia, 1 Corinthians 1:7 , RV (AV, 'coming'); 1 Peter 1:7 , RV (AV, 'appearing'),13; 4:13; (f) the Lord Jesus Christ when He comes to dispense the judgments of God, 2 Thessalonians 1:7 ; cp. Romans 2:5 ; (g) the saints, to the creation, in association with Christ in His glorious reign, Romans 8:19 , RV, 'revealing' (AV, 'manifestation'); (h) the symbolic forecast of the final judgments of God, Revelation 1:1 (hence the Greek title of the book, transliterated 'Apocalypse' and translated 'Revelation')." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 228,229.] See APPEARING , COMING , LIGHTEN , B, Note, MANIFESTATION.

Revenge and Revenger

* For REVENGE and REVENGER see AVENGE and AVENGER

Reverence

A — 1: ἐντρέπω
(Strong's #1788 — Verb — entrepo — en-trep'-o )

lit., "to turn in" (i.e., upon oneself), "to put to shame," denotes, when used in the Passive Voice, "to feel respect for, to show deference to, to reverence," Matthew 21:37 ; Mark 12:6 ; Luke 20:13 ; Hebrews 12:9 . See ASHAMED , A, No. 4, REGARD.

A — 2: φοβέω
(Strong's #5399 — Verb — phobeo — fob-eh'-o )

"to fear," is used in the Passive Voice in the NT; in Ephesians 5:33 of reverential fear on the part of a wife for a husband, AV, "reverence" (RV, "fear"). See FEAR , D, No. 1.

B — 1: εὐλάβεια
(Strong's #2124 — Noun Feminine — eulabeia — yoo-lab'-i-ah )

"caution, reverence," is translated "reverence" in Hebrews 12:28 (1st part in the best mss; some have aidos). See FEAR.

Reverent

1: ἱεροπρεπής
(Strong's #2412 — Adjective — hieroprepes — hee-er-op-rep-ace' )

"suited to a sacred character, reverend" (hieros, "sacred," prepo, "to be fitting"), is translated "reverent" in Titus 2:3 , RV (AV, "as becometh holiness"). See BECOME , B.

Revile, Reviling, Reviler

A — 1: λοιδορέω
(Strong's #3058 — Verb — loidoreo — loy-dor-eh'-o )

denotes "to abuse, revile," John 9:28 ; Acts 23:4 ; 1 Corinthians 4:12 ; 1 Peter 2:23 (1st clause).

A — 2: ὀνειδίζω
(Strong's #3679 — Verb — oneidizo — on-i-did'-zo )

"to reproach, upbraid," is translated "to revile" in Matthew 5:11 , AV, and Mark 15:32 (RV, "reproach"). See REPROACH.

A — 3: βλασφημέω
(Strong's #987 — Verb — blasphemeo — blas-fay-meh'-o )

"to speak profanely, rail at," is translated "reviled" in Matthew 27:39 , AV (RV, "railed on"); Luke 22:65 , RV, "reviling" (AV, "blasphemously")

A — 4: ἀντιλοιδορέω
(Strong's #486 — Verb — antiloidoreo — an-tee-loy-dor-eh'-o )

"to revile back or again" (anti, and No. 1), is found in 1 Peter 2:23 (2nd clause).

Note: For epereazo, 1 Peter 3:16 , RV, "revile," see ACCUSE , B, No. 3.

B — 1: λοίδορος
(Strong's #3060 — Noun Masculine — loidoros — loy'-dor-os )

akin to A, No. 1, "abusive, railing, reviling," is used as a noun, 1 Corinthians 5:11 , RV, "a reviler" (AV "a railer"); 1 Corinthians 6:10 , "revilers." In the Sept., Proverbs 25:24 ; Proverbs 26:21 ; Proverbs 27:15 .

C — 1: λοιδορία
(Strong's #3059 — Noun Feminine — loidoria — loy-dor-ee'-ah )

akin to A, No. 1, and B, "abuse, railing," is used in 1 Timothy 5:14 , RV, "for (charin, 'for the sake of') reviling" (AV, "to speak reproachfully," a paraphrase); 1 Peter 3:9 (twice), RV, "reviling" (AV, "railing"). See RAIL , B.

Revive

1: ἀναθάλλω
(Strong's #330 — Verb — anathallo — an-ath-al'-lo )

"to flourish anew" (ana, "again, anew," thallo, "to flourish or blossom"), hence, "to revive," is used metaphorically in Philippians 4:10 , RV, "ye have revived (your thought for me)," AV, "(your care of me) hath flourished again." In the Sept., Psalms 28:7 ; Ezekiel 17:24 ; Hosea 8:9 .

2: ἀναζάω
(Strong's #326 — Verb — anazao — an-ad-zah'-o )

"to live again" (ana, "and" zao, "to live"), "to regain life," is used of moral "revival," Luke 15:24 , "is alive again;" (b) of sin, Romans 7:9 , "revived," lit., "lived again" i.e., it sprang into activity, manifesting the evil inherent in it; here sin is personified, by way of contrast to the man himself. Some mss. have it in Romans 14:9 , for zao, as in the RV, which italicizes "again."

Reward

A — 1: μισθός
(Strong's #3408 — Noun Masculine — misthos — mis-thos' )

primarily "wages, hire," and then, generally, "reward," (a) received in this life, Matthew 5:46 ; Matthew 6:2, 5, 16 ; Romans 4:4 ; 1 Corinthians 9:17, 18 ; of evil "rewards," Acts 1:18 ; see also HIRE; (b) to be received hereafter, Matthew 5:12 ; Matthew 10:41 (twice),42; Mark 9:41 ; Luke 6:23, 35 ; 1 Corinthians 3:8, 14 ; 2 John 1:8 ; Revelation 11:18 ; Revelation 22:12 . Seee WAGES.

Notes: (1) In Luke 23:41 , axios, "worthy, befitting," used in the plur., is rendered "the due reward," lit., "things worthy." (2) For antapodosis, rendered "reward" in Colossians 3:24 , AV, see RECOMPENSE. (3) For katabrabeuo, "to rob of a reward," Colossians 2:18 , see BEGUILE , Note and ROB.

B — 1: ἀποδίδωμι
(Strong's #591 — Verb — apodidomi — ap-od-eed'-o-mee )

"to give back," is nowhere translated "to reward" in the RV; AV, Matthew 6:4, 6, 18 (see RECOMPENSE , B. No. 2); Matthew 16:27 ; 2 Timothy 4:14 ; Revelation 18:6 (see RENDER).

Rewarder

1: μισθαποδότης
(Strong's #3406 — Noun Masculine — misthapodotes — mis-thap-od-ot'-ace )

"one who pays wages" (misthos, "wages," apo, "back," didomi, "to give"), is used by metonymy in Hebrews 11:6 , of God, as the "Rewarder" of those who "seek after Him" (RV). Cp. misthapodosia, "recompence."

Rich, Riches, Richly, Rich Man

A — 1: πλούσιος
(Strong's #4145 — Adjective — plousios — ploo'-see-os )

akin to B, C, No. 1, "rich, wealthy," is used (I) literally, (a) adjectivally (with a noun expressed separately) in Matthew 27:57 ; Luke 12:16 ; Luke 14:12 ; Luke 16:1, 19 ; (without a noun), 18:23; 19:2; (b) as a noun, singular, a "rich" man (the noun not being expressed), Matthew 19:23, 24 ; Mark 10:25 ; Mark 12:41 ; Luke 16:21, 22 ; Luke 18:25 ; James 1:10, 11 , "the rich," "the rich (man);" plural, Mark 12:41 , lit., "rich (ones);" Luke 6:24 (ditto); 21:1; 1 Timothy 6:17 , "(them that are) rich," lit., "(the) rich;" James 2:6 , RV, "the rich;" James 5:1 , RV, "ye rich;" Revelation 6:15 ; Revelation 13:16 , RV, "the rich;" (II) metaphorically, of God, Ephesians 2:4 ("in mercy"); of Christ, 2 Corinthians 8:9 ; of believers, James 2:5 , RV, "(to be) rich (in faith);" Revelation 2:9 , of spiritual "enrichment" generally; Revelation 3:17 , of a false sense of "enrichment."

B — 1: πλουτέω
(Strong's #4147 — Verb — plouteo — ploo-teh'-o )

"to be rich," in the aorist or point tense, "to become rich," is used (a) literally, Luke 1:53 , "the rich," present participle, lit., "(ones or those) being rich;" 1 Timothy 6:9, 18 ; Revelation 18:3, 15, 19 (all three in the aorist tense); (b) metaphorically, of Christ, Romans 10:12 (the passage stresses the fact that Christ is Lord; see Romans 10:9 , and the RV); of the "enrichment" of believers through His poverty, 2 Corinthians 8:9 (the aorist tense expressing completeness, with permanent results); so in Revelation 3:18 , where the spiritual "enrichment" is conditional upon righteousness of life and conduct (see GOLD , No. 2); of a false sense of "enrichment," 1 Corinthians 4:8 (aorist), RV, "ye are become rich" (AV, "ye are rich"); Revelation 3:17 (perfect tense, RV, "I ... have gotten riches," AV, "I am ... increased with goods"), see GOODS , Note (3); of not being "rich" toward God, Luke 12:21 .

B — 2: πλουτίζω
(Strong's #4148 — Verb — ploutizo — ploo-tid'-zo )

"to make rich, enrich," is rendered "making (many) rich" in 2 Corinthians 6:10 (metaphorical of "enriching" spiritually). See ENRICH.

C — 1: πλοῦτος
(Strong's #4149 — Noun Masculine — ploutos — ploo'-tos )

is used in the singular (I) of material "riches," used evilly, Matthew 13:22 ; Mark 4:19 ; Luke 8:14 ; 1 Timothy 6:17 ; James 5:2 ; Revelation 18:17 ; (II) of spiritual and moral "riches," (a) possessed by God and exercised towards men, Romans 2:4 , "of His goodness and forbearance and longsuffering;" Romans 9:23 and Ephesians 3:16 , "of His glory" (i.e., of its manifestation in grace towards believers); Romans 11:33 , of His wisdom and knowledge; Ephesians 1:7 ; Ephesians 2:7 , "of His grace;" Ephesians 1:18 , "of the glory of His inheritance in the saints;" Ephesians 3:8 , "of Christ;" Philippians 4:19 , "in glory in Christ Jesus," RV; Colossians 1:27 , "of the glory of this mystery ... Christ in you, the hope of glory;" (b) to be ascribed to Christ, Revelation 5:12 ; (c) of the effects of the gospel upon the Gentiles, Romans 11:12 (twice); (d) of the full assurance of understanding in regard to the mystery of God, even Christ, Colossians 2:2 , RV; (e) of the liberality of the churches of Macedonia, 2 Corinthians 8:2 (where "the riches" stands for the spiritual and moral value of their liberality); (f) of "the reproach of Christ" in contrast to this world's treasures, Hebrews 11:26 .

C — 2: χρῆμα
(Strong's #5536 — Noun Neuter — chrema — khray'-mah )

"what one uses or needs" (chraomai, "to use"), "a matter, business," hence denotes "riches," Mark 10:23, 24 ; Luke 18:24 ; see MONEY , No. 2.

D — 1: πλουσίως
(Strong's #4146 — Adverb — plousios — ploo-see'-oce )

"richly, abundantly," akin to A, is used in Colossians 3:16 ; 1 Timothy 6:17 ; Titus 3:6 , RV, "richly" (AV, "abundantly"); 2 Peter 1:11 (ditto).

Rid

* For RID see CARE , A, No. 1, Note

Ride

1: ἐπιβαίνω
(Strong's #1910 — Verb — epibaino — ep-ee-bah'ee-no )

"to go upon" (epi, "upon," baino, "to go"), is used of Christ's "riding" into Jerusalem, Matthew 21:5 , RV, "riding" (AV, "sitting"). See COME , No. 16.

Right, Right Hand, Right Side

1: δεξιός
(Strong's #1188 — Adjective — dexios — dex-ee-os' )

an adjective, used (a) of "the right" as opposite to the left, e.g., Matthew 5:29, 30 ; Revelation 10:5 , RV, "right hand;" in connection with armor (figuratively), 2 Corinthians 6:7 ; with en, followed by the dative plural, Mark 16:5 ; with ek, and the genitive plural, e.g., Matthew 25:33, 34 ; Luke 1:11 ; (b) of giving the "right hand" of fellowship, Galatians 2:9 , betokening the public expression of approval by leaders at Jerusalem of the course pursued by Paul and Barnabas among the Gentiles; the act was often the sign of a pledge, e.g. 2 Kings 10:15 ; 1 Chronicles 29:24 , marg.; Ezra 10:19 ; Ezekiel 17:18 ; figuratively, Lamentations 5:6 ; it is often so used in the papyri; (c) metaphorically of "power" or "authority," Acts 2:33 ; with ek, signifying "on," followed by the genitive plural, Matthew 26:64 ; Mark 14:62 ; Hebrews 1:13 ; (d) similarly of "a place of honor in the messianic kingdom," Matthew 20:21 ; Mark 10:37 .

Right, Rightly

A — 1: ἐξουσία
(Strong's #1849 — Noun Feminine — exousia — ex-oo-see'-ah )

"authority, power," is translated "right" in the RV, for AV, "power," in John 1:12 ; Romans 9:21 ; 1 Corinthians 9:4, 5, 6, 12 (twice),18; 2 Thessalonians 3:9 , where the "right" is that of being maintained by those among whom the ministers of the gospel had labored, a "right" possessed in virtue of the "authority" given them by Christ, Hebrews 13:10 ; Revelation 22:14 .

Exousia first denotes "freedom to act" and then "authority for the action." This is first true of God, Acts 1:7 . It was exercised by the Son of God, as from, and in conjunction with, the Father when the Lord was upon earth, in the days of His flesh, Matthew 9:6 ; John 10:18 , as well as in resurrection, Matthew 28:18 ; John 17:2 . All others hold their freedom to act from God (though some of them have abused it), whether angels, Ephesians 1:21 , or human potentates, Romans 13:1 . Satan offered to delegate his authority over earthly kingdoms to Christ, Luke 4:6 , who, though conscious of His "right" to it, refused, awaiting the Divinely appointed time. See AUTHORITY , No. 1, and for various synonyms see DOMINION , No. 1, Note.

B — 1: δίκαιος
(Strong's #1342 — Adjective — dikaios — dik'-ah-yos )

"just, righteous, that which is in accordance with" dike, "rule, right, justice," is translated "right" in Matthew 20:4 ; Matthew 20:7 , AV only (RV omits, according to the most authentic mss. the clause having been inserted from ver. 4, to the detriment of the narrative); Luke 12:57 ; Acts 4:19 ; Ephesians 6:1 ; Philippians 1:7 , RV (AV, "meet"); 2 Peter 1:13 (AV, "meet"). See JUST , RIGHTEOUS.

B — 2: εὐθύς
(Strong's #2117 — Adjective — euthus — yoo-thoos' )

"straight," hence, metaphorically, "right," is so rendered in Acts 8:21 , of the heart; Acts 13:10 , of the ways of the Lord; 2 Peter 2:15 . See STRAIGHT.

C — 1: ὀρθῶς
(Strong's #3723 — Adverb — orthos — or-thoce' )

"rightly" (akin to orthos, "straight, direct"), is translated "plain" in Mark 7:35 ; in Luke 7:43 ; Luke 20:21 , "rightly;" in Luke 10:28 , "right."

Notes: (1) For "right mind" see MIND , B, No. 5. (2) For the AV, "rightly" in 2 Timothy 2:15 , see DIVIDE , A, No. 8.

Righteous, Righteously

A — 1: δίκαιος
(Strong's #1342 — Adjective — dikaios — dik'-ah-yos )

signifies "just," without prejudice or partiality, e.g., of the judgment of God, 2 Thessalonians 1:5, 6 ; of His judgments, Revelation 16:7 ; Revelation 19:2 ; of His character as Judge, 2 Timothy 4:8 ; Revelation 16:5 ; of His ways and doings, Revelation 15:3 . See further under JUST , A, No. 1, RIGHT, B, No. 1.

In the following the RV substitues "righteous" for the AV "just;" Matthew 1:19 ; Matthew 13:49 ; Matthew 27:19, 24 ; Mark 6:20 ; Luke 2:25 ; Luke 15:7 ; Luke 20:20 ; Luke 23:50 ; John 5:30 ; Acts 3:14 ; Acts 7:52 ; Acts 10:22 ; Acts 22:14 ; Romans 1:17 ; Romans 7:12 ; Galatians 3:11 ; Hebrews 10:38 ; James 5:6 ; 1 Peter 3:18 ; 2 Peter 2:7 ; 1 John 1:9 ; Revelation 15:3 .

B — 1: δικαίως
(Strong's #1346 — Adverb — dikaios — dik-ah'-yoce )

is translated "righteously" in 1 Corinthians 15:34 , RV, "(awake up) righteously," AV, "(awake to) righteousness;" 1 Thessalonians 2:10 , RV (AV, "justly"); Titus 2:12 ; 1 Peter 2:23 . See JUSTLY.

Notes: (1) In Revelation 22:11 the best texts have dikaiosune, "righteousness," with poieo, "to do," RV, "let him do righteousness;" the AV follows those which have the Passive Voice of dikaioo and renders it "let him be righteous," lit., "let him be made righteous." (2) Dikaiokrisia, "righteous judgement" (dikaios, and krisis), occurs in Romans 2:5 .

Righteousness

1: δικαιοσύνη
(Strong's #1343 — Noun Feminine — dikaiosune — dik-ah-yos-oo'-nay )

is "the character or quality of being right or just;" it was formerly spelled "rightwiseness," which clearly expresses the meaning. It is used to denote an attribute of God, e.g., Romans 3:5 , the context of which shows that "the righteousness of God" means essentially the same as His faithfulness, or truthfulness, that which is consistent with His own nature and promises; Romans 3:25, 26 speaks of His "righteousness" as exhibited in the Death of Christ, which is sufficient to show men that God is neither indifferent to sin nor regards it lightly. On the contrary, it demonstrates that quality of holiness in Him which must find expression in His condemnation of sin.

"Dikaiosune is found in the sayings of the Lord Jesus, (a) of whatever is right or just in itself, whatever conforms to the revealed will of God, Matthew 5:6, 10, 20 ; John 16:8, 10 ; (b) whatever has been appointed by God to be acknowledged and obeyed by man. Matthew 3:15 ; Matthew 21:32 ; (c) the sum total of the requirements of God, Matthew 6:33 ; (d) religious duties, Matthew 6:1 (distinguished as almsgiving, man's duty to his neighbor, Matthew 6:2-4 , prayer, his duty to God, Matthew 6:5-15 , fasting, the duty of self-control, Matthew 6:16-18 ).

"In the preaching of the Apostles recorded in Acts the word has the same general meaning. So also in James 1:20 ; James 3:18 , in both Epp. of Peter, 1st John and the Revelation. In 2 Peter 1:1 , 'the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ,' is the righteous dealing of God with sin and with sinners on the ground of the Death of Christ. 'Word of righteousness,' Hebrews 5:13 , is probably the gospel, and the Scriptures as containing the gospel, wherein is declared the righteousness of God in all its aspects.

"This meaning of dikaiosune, right action, is frequent also in Paul's writings, as in all five of its occurrences in Romans 6 ; Ephesians 6:14 , etc. But for the most part he uses it of that gracious gift of God to men whereby all who believe on the Lord Jesus Christ are brought into right relationship with God. This righteousness is unattainable by obedience to any law, or by any merit of man's own, or any other condition than that of faith in Christ ... The man who trusts in Christ becomes 'the righteousness of God in Him,' 2 Corinthians 5:21 , i.e., becomes in Christ all that God requires a man to be, all that he could never be in himself. Because Abraham accepted the Word of God, making it his own by that act of the mind and spirit which is called faith, and, as the sequel showed, submitting himself to its control, therefore God accepted him as one who fulfilled the whole of His requirements, Romans 4:3 . ...

"Righteousness is not said to be imputed to the believer save in the sense that faith is imputed ("reckoned' is the better word) for righteousness. It is clear that in Romans 4:6, 11 , 'righteousness reckoned' must be understood in the light of the context, 'faith reckoned for righteousness,' Romans 4:3, 5, 9, 22 . 'For' in these places is eis, which does not mean 'instead of,' but 'with a view to.' The faith thus exercised brings the soul into vital union with God in Christ, and inevitably produces righteousness of life, that is, conformity to the will of God." * [* From Notes on Galatians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 246,247.]

2: δικαίωμα
(Strong's #1345 — Noun Neuter — dikaioma — dik-ah'-yo-mah )

is the concrete expression of "righteousness:" see JUSTIFICATION , A, No. 2.

Note: In Hebrews 1:8 , AV, euthutes, "straightness, uprightness" (akin to euthus "straight, right"), is translated "righteousness" (RV, "uprightness;" AV, marg., "rightness, or straightness").

Ring

1: δακτύλιος
(Strong's #1146 — Noun Masculine — daktulios — dak-too'-lee-os )

"a finger ring," occurs in Luke 15:22 .

Note: Chrusodaktulios, an adjective signifying "with a gold ring," "a gold-ringed (person)," from chrusos, "gold," and daktulos, "a finger," occurs in James 2:2 .

Ringleader

1: πρωτοστάτης
(Strong's #4414 — Noun Masculine — protostates — pro-tos-tat'-ace )

"one who stands first" (protos, "first," histemi, "to cause to stand"), was used of soldiers, one who stands in the front rank; hence, metaphorically, "a leader," Acts 24:5 .

Riot, Rioting, Riotous, Riotously

A — 1: ἀσωτία
(Strong's #810 — — astia — as-o-tee'-ah )

"prodigality, a wastefulness, profligacy" (a negative, sozo, "to save") is rendered "riot" in Ephesians 5:18 , RV (AV, "excess"); Titus 1:6 ; 1 Peter 4:4 (AV and RV, "riot"). The corresponding verb is found in a papyrus writing, telling of "riotous living" (like the adverb asotos, see B). In the Sept., Proverbs 28:7 . Cp. the synonymous word aselgeia (under LASCIVIOUSNESS).

A — 2: κῶμος
(Strong's #2970 — Noun Masculine — komos — ko'-mos )

"a revel," is rendered "rioting" in Romans 13:13 , AV: See REVEL.

A — 3: τρυφή
(Strong's #5172 — Noun Feminine — truphe — troo-fay' )

"luxuriousness," is rendered "riot" in 2 Peter 2:13 , AV; see DELICATELY , REVEL.

A — 4: στάσις
(Strong's #4714 — Noun Feminine — stasis — stas'-is )

primarily "a standing" (akin to histemi, "to caused to (stand)," then "an insurection," is translated "riot" in Acts 19:40 , RV (AV, "uproar"). See DISSENSION , INSURRECTION , SEDITION , UPROAR.

B — 1: ἀσώτως
(Strong's #811 — Adverb — asotos — as-o'-toce )

"wastefully" (akin to A, No. 1), is translated "with riotous living" in Luke 15:13 ; though the word does not necessarily signify "dissolutely," the parable narrative makes clear that this is the meaning here. In the Sept., Proverbs 7:11 .

Note: The verb ekchuno, a Hellenistic form of ekcheo (though the form actually used is the regular classical aorist Passive of ekcheo), "to pour out, shed," is translated "ran riotously" in Jude 1:11 , RV (AV, "ran greedily"); see POUR , SHED.

Ripe

1: ἀκμάζω
(Strong's #187 — Verb — akmazo — ak-mad'-zo )

"to be at the prime" (akin to akme, "a point"), "to be ripe," is translated "are fully ripe" in Revelation 14:18 .

2: ξηραίνω
(Strong's #3583 — Verb — xeraino — xay-rah'ee-no )

"to dry up, wither," is used of "ripened" crops in Revelation 14:15 , RV, "overripe," AV, "ripe" (marg., "dried"). See DRY , B, OVERRIPE, WITHER.

3: παραδίδωμι
(Strong's #3860 — Verb — paradidomi — par-ad-id'-o-mee )

"to give over, commit, deliver," etc., also signifies "to permit;" in Mark 4:29 , of the "ripe" condition of corn, RV, and AV marg., "is ripe;" RV marg., "alloweth" (the nearest rendering); AV, "is brought forth."

Rise, Rising

* Notes: (1) For the various verbs anistemi, exanistemi, egeiro, anabaino, anatello, sunephistemi, see under ARISE. (2) For the AV, "should rise" in Acts 26:23 , See RESURRECTION. (3) Exanistemi, transitively, "to raise up" (ek, "out, from, out of"), is used intransitively in Acts 15:5 , "there rose up," i.e., from the midst of a gathered company. See RAISE. (4) For the AV and RV of sunegeiro, "to raise together with," and in the Passive Voice in Colossians 2:12 ; Colossians 3:1 , see RAISE. (5) For the word "rising," which is used to translate the verbs anatello in Mark 16:2 , and anistemi, in Mark 9:10 , see under ARISE , Nos. 9 and 1 respectively. (6) For katephistemi, Acts 18:12 , RV, See INSURRECTION , B. (7) Epanistamai, "to rise up against," occurs in Matthew 10:21 ; Mark 13:12 . (8) Anastasis, is rendered "rising up" in Luke 2:34 , RV.

River

1: ποταμός
(Strong's #4215 — Noun Masculine — potamos — pot-am-os' )

denotes (a) "a stream," Luke 6:48, 49 ; (b) "a flood or floods," Matthew 7:25, 27 ; (c) "a river," natural, Matthew 3:6 , RV; Mark 1:5 ; Acts 16:13 ; 2 Corinthians 11:26 , RV (AV, "waters"); Revelation 8:10 ; Revelation 9:14 ; Revelation 16:4, 12 ; symbolical, Revelation 12:15 (1st part), RV, "river" (AV, "flood"); so Revelation 12:16 ; Revelation 22:1, 2 (cp. Genesis 2:10 ; Ezekiel 47 ); figuratively, John 7:38 , "the effects of the operation of the Holy Spirit in and through the believer." See FLOOD , WATER.

Note: For potamophoretos in Revelation 12:15 , see FLOOD , B.

Roar, Roaring

A — 1: μυκάομαι
(Strong's #3455 — Verb — mukaomai — moo-kah'-om-ahee )

properly of oxen, an onomatopeic word, "to low, bellow," is used of a lion, Revelation 10:3 .

A — 2: ὠρύομαι
(Strong's #5612 — Verb — oruomai — o-roo'-om-ahee )

"to howl" or "roar," onomatopoeic, of animals or men, is used of a lion, 1 Peter 5:8 , as a simile of Satan.

B — 1: ἦχος
(Strong's #2279 — Noun Masculine — echos — ay'-khos )

"a noise" or "sound" (Eng., "echo"), is used of the "roaring" of the sea in Luke 21:25 , in the best mss., "for the roaring (of the sea and the billows)," RV; some mss. have the present participle of echeo, "to sound," AV, "(the sea and the waves) roaring. See RUMOR , SOUND.

Rob

1: συλάω
(Strong's #4813 — Verb — sulao — soo-lah'-o )

"to plunder, spoil," is translated "I robbed" in 2 Corinthians 11:8 . Cp. sulagogeo, "to make spoil of," Colossians 2:8 .

2: καταβραβεύω
(Strong's #2603 — Verb — katabrabeuo — kat-ab-rab-yoo'-o )

"to give judgment against, to condemn" (kata, "against," and brabeus, "an umpire;" cp. brabeion, "a prize in the games," 1 Corinthians 9:24 ; Philippians 3:14 , and brabeuo, "to act as an umpire, arbitrate," Colossians 3:15 ), occurs in Colossians 2:18 , RV, "let (no man) rob (you) of your prize" (AV, "... beguile ... of your reward"), said of false teachers who would frustrate the faithful adherence of the believers to the truth, causing them to lose their reward. Another rendering closer to the proper meaning of the word, as given above, is "let no man decide for or against you" (i.e., without any notion of a prize); this suitably follows the word "judge" in ver. 16, i.e., "do not give yourselves up to the judgment and decision of any man" (AV, marg., "judge against").

Robber

1: λῃστής
(Strong's #3027 — Noun Masculine — lestes — lace-tace' )

"a robber, brigand" (akin to leia, "booty"), "one who plunders openly and by violence" (in contrast to kleptes, "a thief," see below), is always translated "robber" or "robbers" in the RV , as the AV in John 10:1, 8 ; John 18:40 ; 2 Corinthians 11:26 ; the AV has "thief" or "thieves" in Matthew 21:13 , and parallel passages; Matthew 26:55 , and parallel passages; Matthew 27:38, 44 ; Mark 15:27 ; Luke 10:30, 36 ; but "thief" is the meaning of kleptes. See THIEF.

2: ἱερόσυλος
(Strong's #2417 — Noun Masculine — hierosulos — hee-er-os'-oo-los )

an adjective signifying "robbing temples" (hieron, "a temple," and sulao, "to rob"), is found in Acts 19:37 . Cp. hierosuleo, "to rob a temple," Romans 2:22 , AV, "commit sacrilege."

Robbery

* For ROBBERY see PRIZE

Robe

1: στολή
(Strong's #4749 — Noun Feminine — stole — stol-ay' )

for which see CLOTHING , No. 8, is translated "robe" in Mark 16:5 , RV (AV, "garment"); "long robes" in Luke 20:46 .

2: χλαμύς
(Strong's #5511 — Noun Feminine — chlamus — khlam-ooce' )

"a cloak," is translated "robe" in Matthew 27:28, 31 . See CLOTHING , Note (4).

3: ἱμάτιον
(Strong's #2440 — Noun Neuter — himation — him-at'-ee-on )

is translated "robe" in the AV of John 19:2, 5 (RV, "garment"). See APPAREL , No. 2, CLOTHING, No. 2, GARMENT.

4: ἐσθής
(Strong's #2066 — Noun Feminine — esthes — es-thace' )

"apparel," is translated "robe" in Luke 23:11 (RV, "apparel"). See APPAREL , No. 1.

Rock

1: πέτρα
(Strong's #4073 — Noun Feminine — petra — pet'-ra )

denotes "a mass of rock," as distinct from petros, "a detached stone or boulder," or a stone that might be thrown or easily moved. For the nature of petra, see Matthew 7:24, 25 ; Matthew 27:51, 60 ; Mark 15:46 ; Luke 6:48 (twice), a type of a sure foundation (here the true reading is as in the RV, "because it had been well builded"); Revelation 6:15, 16 (cp. Isaiah 2:19 ,ff.; Hosea 10:8 ); Luke 8:6, 13 , used illustratively; 1 Corinthians 10:4 (twice), figuratively, of Christ; in Romans 9:33 ; 1 Peter 2:8 , metaphorically, of Christ; in Matthew 16:18 , metaphorically, of Christ and the testimony concerning Him; here the distinction between petra, concerning the Lord Himself, and Petros, the Apostle, is clear (see above).

2: σπιλάς
(Strong's #4694 — Noun Feminine — spilas — spee-las' )

"a rock or reef," over which the sea dashes, is used in Jude 1:12 , "hidden rocks," RV, metaphorical of men whose conduct is a danger to others. A late meaning ascribed to it is that of "spots," (AV), but that rendering seems to have been influenced by the parallel passage in 2 Peter 2:13 , where spiloi, "spots," occurs.

Rocky

1: πετρώδης
(Strong's #4075 — Adjective — petrodes — pet-ro'-dace )

"rock-like" (petra, "a rock," eidos, "a form, appearance"), is used of "rock" underlying shallow soil, Matthew 13:5, 20 , RV, "the rocky places" (AV, "stony places"); Mark 4:5 , RV, "the rocky ground" (AV, "stony ground"); Mark 4:16 , RV, "rocky places" (AV, "stony ground").

Note: In Acts 27:29 , AV, the phrase tracheis topoi, lit., "rough places," is translated "rocks" (RV, "rocky ground").

Rod

A — 1: ῥάβδος
(Strong's #4464 — Noun Feminine — rhabdos — hrab'-dos )

"a staff, rod, scepter," is used (a) of Aaron's "rod," Hebrews 9:4 ; (b) a staff used on a journey, Matthew 10:10 , RV, "staff" (AV, "staves"); so Luke 9:3 ; Mark 6:8 , "staff;" Hebrews 11:21 , "staff;" (c) a ruler's staff, a "scepter," Hebrews 1:8 (twice); elsewhere a "rod," Revelation 2:27 ; Revelation 12:5 ; Revelation 19:15 ; (d) a "rod" for chastisement (figuratively), 1 Corinthians 4:21 ; (e) a measuring "rod," Revelation 11:1 . See STAFF.

B — 1: ῥαβδίζω
(Strong's #4463 — Verb — rhabdizo — hrab-did'-zo )

"to beat with a rod," is used in Acts 16:22 , RV, "to beat ... with rods;" 2 Corinthians 11:25 . The "rods" were those of the Roman lictors or "serjeants" (rhabdouchoi, lit., "rod-bearers"); the Roman beating with "rods" is distinct from the Jewish infliction of stripes. In the Sept., Jud., 6:11; Ruth 2:17 . Cp. Matthew 26:67 , RV marg.; John 18:22 (AV marg., and RV marg.); 19:3, RV marg.; see SMITE.

Roll

A — 1: ἀποκυλίω
(Strong's #617 — Verb — apokulio | apokulizo — ap-ok-oo-lee'-o )

"to roll away" (apo, "from," kulio, "to roll;" cp. Eng., "cylinder," etc.), is used of the sepulchre stone, Matthew 28:2 ; Mark 16:3 (ver. 4 in some mss.; see No. 2); Luke 24:2 . In the Sept., Genesis 29:3, 8, 10 .

A — 2: ἀνά
(Strong's #303 2947 — Preposition — anakulio — an-ah' )

"to roll up or back" (ana), is found in the best texts, in Mark 16:4 (see No. 1).

A — 3: προσκυλίω
(Strong's #4351 — Verb — proskulio — pros-koo-lee'-o )

"to roll up or to" (pros), is used in Matthew 27:60 ; Mark 15:46 , of the sepulchre stone.

A — 4: εἱλίσσω
(Strong's #1507 — Verb — heilisso | helisso — hi-lis'-so )

"to roll," or "roll up," is used (a) of the "rolling" up of a mantle, illustratively of the heavens, Hebrews 1:12 , RV; (b) of the "rolling" up of a scroll, Revelation 6:14 , illustratively of the removing of the heaven.

A — 5: ἐντυλίσσω
(Strong's #1794 — Verb — entulisso — en-too-lis'-so )

"to wrap up, roll round or about," is translated "rolled up" in John 20:7 , RV, of the cloth or "napkin" that had been wrapped around the head of the Lord before burial. Both the RV and the AV, "wrapped together," might suggest that this cloth had been "rolled" or wrapped up and put in a certain part of the tomb at the Lord's resurrection, whereas, as with the body wrappings, the head cloth was lying as it had been "rolled" round His head, an evidence, to those who looked into the tomb, of the fact of His resurrection without any disturbance of the wrappings either by friend or foe or when the change took place. It is followed by en, "in," and translated "wrapped" in Matthew 27:59 , a meaning and construction which Moulton and Milligan illustrate from the papyri; in Luke 23:53 it is followed by the dative of the noun sindon, "linen cloth," used instrumentally. See WRAP.

B — 1: κεφαλίς
(Strong's #2777 — Noun Feminine — kephalis — kef-al-is' )

lit., "a little head" (a diminutive of kephale, "a head;" Lat., capitulum, a diminutive of caput), hence, "a capital of a column," then, "a roll" (of a book), occurs in Hebrews 10:7 , RV, "in the roll" (AV, "in the volume"), lit., "in the heading of the scroll" (from Psalms 40:7 ).

Roman

1: Ῥωμαῖος
(Strong's #4514 — Adjective — rhomaios — hro-mah'-yos )

occurs in John 11:48 ; Acts 2:10 , RV, "from Rome" (AV, "of Rome"); 16:21,37,38; 22:25-27,29; 23:27; 25:16; 28:17. For a note on Roman citizenship see CITIZEN , No. 3.

Roof

1: στέγη
(Strong's #4721 — Noun Feminine — stege — steg'-ay )

"a covering" (stego, "to cover"), denotes "a roof," Mark 2:4 ; said of entering a house, Matthew 8:8 ; Luke 7:6 .

Room

A — 1: τόπος
(Strong's #5117 — Noun Masculine — topos — top'-os )

"a place," is translated "room" in Luke 2:7 ; Luke 14:22 , i.e., "place;" in the AV in Luke 14:9, 10 , RV, "place" (of a couch at a feast); of a position or condition which a person occupies, 1 Corinthians 14:16 (RV, "place"). See OPPORTUNITY , PLACE.

A — 2: πρωτοκλισία
(Strong's #4411 — Noun Feminine — protoklisia — pro-tok-lis-ee'-ah )

"the chief reclining place at table," is rendered "uppermost rooms," in Matthew 23:6 , AV (RV, "chief place"); in Mark 12:39 , "uppermost rooms," AV (RV, "chief places"); in Luke 14:7 , "chief rooms," AV (RV, "chief seats"); in Luke 14:8 , AV, "highest room" (RV, "chief seat"); in Luke 20:46 , AV, "highest seats" (RV, "chief seats"). See CHIEF , B, No. 7, PLACE, No. 5.

A — 3: ἀνάγαιον
(Strong's #508 — Noun Neuter — anagaion | anogeon — an-ogue'-eh-on )

"an upper room" (ana, "above," ge, "ground"), occurs in Mark 14:15 ; Luke 22:12 , "a chamber," often over a porch, or connected with the roof, where meals were taken and privacy obtained.

A — 4: ὑπερῷον
(Strong's #5253 — Noun Neuter — huperoon — hoop-er-o'-on )

the neuter of the adjective huperoos, "upper" (from huper, "above"), used as a noun, denoted in classical Greek "an upper story" or "room" where the women resided; in the Sept. and the NT, "an upper chamber, a roof-chamber," built on the flat "roof" of the house, Acts 1:13 , RV, "upper chamber" (AV "upper room"); see CHAMBER , No. 2.

B — 1: χωρέω
(Strong's #5562 — Verb — choreo — kho-reh'-o )

"to make room," is translated "there was ... room" in Mark 2:2 . See CONTAIN , No. 1

C — 1: ἀντί
(Strong's #473 — Preposition — anti — an-tee' )

"in place of, instead of," is translated "in the room of" in Matthew 2:22 .

Notes: (1) In Luke 12:17 , AV, pou, "anywhere" or "where," with a negative, is translated "no room" (RV, "not where"). (2) In Acts 24:27 , AV, diadochos, "a successor," with lambano, "to receive," is translated "came into (Felix') room," RV, "(Felix) was succeeded by." Diadochos often meant a deputy, a temporary successor."

Root

A — 1: ῥίζα
(Strong's #4491 — Noun Feminine — rhiza — hrid'-zah )

is used (a) in the natural sense, Matthew 3:10 ; Matthew 13:6, 21 ; Mark 4:6, 17 ; Mark 11:20 ; Luke 3:9 ; Luke 8:13 ; (b) metaphorically (1) of "cause, origin, source," said of persons, ancestors, Romans 11:16-18 (twice); of things, evils, 1 Timothy 6:10 , RV, of the love of money as a "root" of all "kinds of evil" (marg., "evils;" AV, "evil"); bitterness, Hebrews 12:15 ; (2) of that which springs from a "root," a shoot, said of offspring, Romans 15:12 ; Revelation 5:5 ; Revelation 22:16 .

B — 1: ῥιζόω
(Strong's #4492 — Verb — rhizoo — hrid-zo'-o )

"to cause to take root," is used metaphorically in the Passive Voice in Ephesians 3:17 , of being "rooted" in love; Colossians 2:7 , in Christ, i.e., in the sense of being firmly planted, or established. In the Sept., Isaiah 40:24 ; Jeremiah 12:2 .

B — 2: ἐκριζόω
(Strong's #1610 — Verb — ekrizoo — ek-rid-zo'-o )

"to root out or up" (ek, "out," and No. 1), is rendered "to root up" in Matthew 13:29 ; Matthew 15:13 ; see PLUCK.

Rope

1: σχοινίον
(Strong's #4979 — Noun Neuter — schoinion — skhoy-nee'-on )

a diminutive of schoinos, "a rush," is used of the small cords of which Christ made a scourge, John 2:15 ; of the "ropes" of a boat, Acts 27:32 . See CORD.

Rose

* For ROSE see RISE

Rough

1: Σολομών
(Strong's #4672 — Noun Masculine — skleros — sol-om-one' )

"hard," is translated "rough" in James 3:4 , RV, of winds (AV, "fierce"). See AUSTERE , FIERCE , Note (1).

2: τραχύς
(Strong's #5138 — Adjective — trachus — trakh-oos' )

"rough, uneven," is used of paths, Luke 3:5 ; of rocky places, Acts 27:29 . See ROCKY.

Round, Round About

1: κυκλόθεν
(Strong's #2943 — Adverb — kuklothen — koo-kloth'-en )

from kuklos, "a circle, ring" (Eng., "cycle," etc.), occurs in Revelation 4:3, 4 ; in Revelation 4:8 , RV, "round about," with reference to the eyes.

2: πάντοθεν
(Strong's #3840 — Adverb — panothen — pan-toth'-en )

"on all sides" (from pas, "all"), is translated "round about" in Hebrews 9:4 . See EVERYWHERE , No. 3.

3: πέριξ
(Strong's #4038 — Adverb — perix — per'-ix )

from the preposition peri, "around," occurs in Acts 5:16 , "round about" (of cities).

4: κύκλῳ
(Strong's #2945 — Adverb — kuklo — koo'-klo )

the dative case of the noun kuklos, "a ring," is used as an adverb, and translated "round about" in Mark 3:34 , AV (RV, "round"); 6:6,36; Luke 9:12 ; Romans 15:19 ; Revelation 4:6 ; Revelation 7:11 .

Note: For combinations with other words see, e.g., COME, No. 38, COUNTRY, A, No. 6, A, No. 4, DWELL, No. 5, GO, No. 9, HEDGE, LOOK, A, No. 3, REGION, SHINE, STAND, B, No. 5.

Rouse

1: ἔξυπνος
(Strong's #1853 — Adjective — exupnos — ex'-oop-nos )

"roused out of sleep" (ek, "out of," hupnos, "sleep"), occurs in Acts 16:27 . Cp. exupnizo, AWAKE, No. 4.

Row

1: ἐλαύνω
(Strong's #1643 — Verb — elauno — el-ow'-no )

"to drive," is used of "rowing" or sailing a boat, Mark 6:48 ; John 6:19 . See DRIVE.

Royal

1: βασίλειος
(Strong's #934 — Adjective — basileios — bas-il'-i-os )

from basileus, "a king," is used in 1 Peter 2:9 of the priesthood consisting of all believers. Cp. Luke 7:25 , for which see COURT , No. 3. In the Sept., Exodus 19:6 ; Exodus 23:22 ; Deuteronomy 3:10 .

2: βασιλικός
(Strong's #937 — Adjective — basilikos — bas-il-ee-kos' )

"belonging to a king," is translated "royal" in Acts 12:21 ; James 2:8 . See KING B, No. 2 NOBLEMAN.

Rub

1: ψώχω
(Strong's #5597 — Verb — psocho — pso'-kho )

"to rub, to rub to pieces," is used in Luke 6:1 .

Rudder

1: πηδάλιον
(Strong's #4079 — Noun Neuter — pedalion — pay-dal'-ee-on )

"a rudder" (akin to pedos, "the blade of an oar"), occurs in James 3:4 , RV, "rudder" (AV, "helm"), and Acts 27:40 , plural, RV, "(the bands of) the rudders," AV, "the rudder (bands)." The pedalia were actually steering paddles, two of which were used as "rudders" in ancient ships.

Rude

1: ἰδιώτης
(Strong's #2399 — Noun Masculine — idiotes — id-ee-o'-tace )

for which see IGNORANT , No. 4, is translated "rude" in 2 Corinthians 11:6 .

Rudiments

1: στοιχεῖον
(Strong's #4747 — Noun Neuter — stoicheion — stoy-khi'-on )

"one of a row or series," is translated "rudiments" in the RV of Galatians 4:3, 9 ; Hebrews 5:12 , and the AV and RV of Colossians 2:8, 20 . See ELEMENTS.

Rue

1: πήγανον
(Strong's #4076 — Noun Neuter — peganon — pay'-gan-on )

a shrubby plant with yellow flowers and a heavy smell, cultivated for medicinal purposes, is mentioned in Luke 11:42 .

Ruin

1: ῥῆγμα
(Strong's #4485 — Noun Neuter — rhegma — hrayg'-mah )

akin to rhegnumi, "to break," denotes "a cleavage, fracture" (so in the Sept., e.g., 1 Kings 11:30, 31 ); by metonymy, that which is broken, "a ruin," Luke 6:49 .

2: καταστρέφω
(Strong's #2690 — Verb — katestrammena — kat-as-tref'-o )

the neuter plural, perfect participle, Passive, of katastrepho, "to overturn," is translated "ruins" in Acts 15:16 ; cp. DIG, No. 3. See OVERTHROW.

Rule

A — 1: ἀρχή
(Strong's #746 — Noun Feminine — arche — ar-khay' )

"a beginning," etc., denotes "rule," Luke 20:20 , RV, "rule" (AV, "power"); 1 Corinthians 15:24 ; Ephesians 1:21 , RV, "rule" (AV, "principality"). See BEGINNING , B.

A — 2: κανών
(Strong's #2583 — Noun Masculine — kanon — kan-ohn' )

is translated "rule" in the AV of 2 Corinthians 10:13, 15 ; in Galatians 6:16 , AV and RV; in Philippians 3:16 , AV (RV, in italics): see PROVINCE , No. 2.

B — 1: ἄρχομαι
(Strong's #756 — Verb — archo — ar'-khom-ahee )

(akin to A, No. 1), in the Active Voice denotes "to rule," Mark 10:42 ; Romans 15:12 , RV, "to rule" (AV, "to reign"). See BEGIN , A, No. 1.

B — 2: οἰκοδεσποτέω
(Strong's #3616 — Verb — oikodespoteo — oy-kod-es-pot-eh'-o )

from oikos, "a house," and despotes, "a master," signifies "to rule the household;" so the RV in 1 Timothy 5:14 (AV, "guide the house"). See GUIDE , B, Note (1). Cp. oikodespotes, "a householder."

B — 3: προΐστημι
(Strong's #4291 — Verb — proistemi — pro-is'-tay-mee )

lit., "to stand before," hence, "to lead, attend to" (indicating care and diligence), is translated "to rule" (Middle Voice), with reference to a local church, in Romans 12:8 ; perfect Active in 1 Timothy 5:17 ; with reference to a family, 1 Timothy 3:4, 12 (Middle Voice); 1 Timothy 3:5 (2nd aorist, Active). See MAINTAIN.

B — 4: ἡγέομαι
(Strong's #2233 — Verb — hegeomai — hayg-eh'-om-ahee )

"to lead," is translated "to rule" in Hebrews 13:7, 17, 24 (AV marg., in the first two, "are the guides" and "guide."

B — 5: ποιμαίνω
(Strong's #4165 — Verb — poimaino — poy-mah'ee-no )

"to act as a shepherd, tend flocks," is translated "to rule" in Revelation 2:27 ; Revelation 12:5 ; Revelation 19:15 , all indicating that the governing power exercised by the Shepherd is to be of a firm character; in Matthew 2:6 , AV, "shall rule" (RV, "shall be shepherd of"). See FEED.

B — 6: βραβεύω
(Strong's #1018 — Verb — brabeuo — brab-yoo'-o )

properly, "to act as an umpire" (brabeus), hence, generally, "to arbitrate, decide," Colossians 3:15 , "rule" (RV, marg., "arbitrate"), representing "the peace of Christ" (RV) as deciding all matters in the hearts of believers; some regard the meaning as that of simply directing, controlling, "ruling." Cp. katabrabeuo; see ROB.

Ruler

1: ἄρχων
(Strong's #758 — Noun Masculine — archon — ar'-khone )

"a ruler, chief, prince," is translated "rulers," e.g., in 1 Corinthians 2:6, 8 , RV (AV, "princes"); "ruler," Revelation 1:5 (AV, "prince"). See MAGISTRATE , PRINCE , No. 2.

2: ἀρχή
(Strong's #746 — Noun Feminine — arche — ar-khay' )

"a rule, sovereignty," is rendered "rulers" in Luke 12:11 , RV (AV, "magistrates"). See BEGINNING.

3: κοσμοκράτωρ
(Strong's #2888 — Noun Masculine — kosmokrator — kos-mok-rat'-ore )

denotes "a ruler of this world" (contrast pantokrator, "almighty"). In Greek literature, in Orphic hymns, etc., and in rabbinic writings, it signifies a "ruler" of the whole world, a world lord. In the NT it is used in Ephesians 6:12 , "the world rulers (of this darkness)," RV, AV, "the rulers (of the darkness) of this world." The context ("not against flesh and blood") shows that not earthly potentates are indicated, but spirit powers, who, under the permissive will of God, and in consequence of human sin, exercise satanic and therefore antagonistic authority over the world in its present condition of spiritual darkness and alienation from God. The suggested rendering "the rulers of this dark world" is ambiguous and not phraseologically requisite. Cp. John 12:31 ; John 14:30 ; John 16:11 ; 2 Corinthians 4:4 .

4: πολιτάρχης
(Strong's #4173 — Noun Masculine — politarches — pol-it-ar'-khace )

"a ruler of a city" (polis, "a city," archo, "to rule"), "a politarch," is used in Acts 17:6, 8 , of the magistrates in Thessalonica, before whom the Jews, with a mob of market idlers, dragged Jason and other converts, under the charge of showing hospitality to Paul and Silas, and of treasonable designs against the emperor. Thessalonica was a "free" city and the citizens could choose their own politarchs. The accuracy of Luke has been vindicated by the use of the term, for while classical authors use the terms poliarchos and politarchos of similar "rulers," the form used by Luke is supported by inscriptions discovered at Thessalonica, one of which mentions Sosipater, Secundus, and Gaius among the politarchs, names occurring as those of Paul's companions. Prof. Burton of Chicago, in a paper on "The Politarchs," has recorded 17 inscriptions which attest their existence, thirteen of which belong to Macedonia and five presumably to Thessalonica itself, illustrating the influence of Rome in the municipal organization of the place.

5: ἀρχιτρίκλινος
(Strong's #755 — Noun Masculine — architriklinos — ar-khee-tree'-klee-nos )

denotes "the superintendent of a banquet," whose duty lay in arranging the tables and food (arche, "ruler," triklinos, lit., "a room with three couches"), John 2:8, 9 .

Notes: (1) In Mark 13:9 ; Luke 21:12 , AV, hegemon, "a leader, a governor of a province," is translated "ruler" (RV, "governor"). See Gov. ERNOR, PRINCE, No. 3. (2) For "ruler" of the synagogue, see SYNAGOGUE. (3) In Matthew 24:45 , AV, kathistemi, "to appoint," is translated "hath made ruler" (RV, "hath set"); so in Matthew 24:47 ; Matthew 25:21, 23 ; Luke 12:42, 44 .

Rumor

1: ἀκοή
(Strong's #189 — Noun Feminine — akoe — ak-o-ay' )

"a hearing," is translated "rumor" in Matthew 24:6 ; Mark 13:7 . See HEARING , B, No. 1.

2: ἦχος
(Strong's #2279 — Noun Masculine — echos — ay'-khos )

"a noise, sound," is translated "rumor" in Luke 4:37 , RV (AV, "fame"). See ROAR , SOUND.

Note: In Luke 7:17 , AV, logos, "a word," is translated "rumor" (RV, "report").

Run, Ran

1: τρέχω
(Strong's #5143 — Verb — trecho — trekh'-o )

"to run," is used (a) literally, e.g., Matthew 27:48 (dramon, an aorist participle, from an obsolete verb dramo, but supplying certain forms absent from trecho, lit., "having run, running," expressive of the decisiveness of the act); the same form in the indicative mood is used, e.g., in Matthew 28:8 ; in the Gospels the literal meaning alone is used; elsewhere in 1 Corinthians 9:24 (twice in 1st part); Revelation 9:9 , AV, "running" (RV, "rushing"); (b) metaphorically, from the illustration of "runners" in a race, of either swiftness or effort to attain an end, Romans 9:16 , indicating that salvation is not due to human effort, but to God's sovereign right to exercise mercy; 1 Corinthians 9:24 (2nd part), and 1 Corinthians 9:26 , of persevering activity in the Christian course with a view to obtaining the reward; so Hebrews 12:1 ; in Galatians 2:2 (1st part), RV, "(lest) I should be running," continuous present tense, referring to the activity of the special service of his mission to Jerusalem; (2nd part), "had run," aorist tense, expressive of the continuous past, referring to the activity of his antagonism to the Judaizing teachers at Antioch, and his consent to sumbit the case to the judgment of the church in Jerusalem; in Galatians 5:7 of the erstwhile faithful course doctrinally of the Galatian believers; in Philippians 2:16 , of the Apostle's manner of life among the Philippian believers; in 2 Thessalonians 3:1 , of the free and rapid progress of "the word of the Lord."

2: προστρέχω
(Strong's #4370 — Verb — prostrecho — pros-trekh'-o )

"to run to" (pros, "to," and No. 1), is used in Mark 9:15 ; Mark 10:17 ; Acts 8:30 .

3: περιτρέχω
(Strong's #4063 — Verb — peritrecho — per-ee-trekh'-o )

"to run about" (peri "around," and No. 1), is used in Mark 6:55 , RV, "ran round about" (AV, "ran through).

4: συντρέχω
(Strong's #4936 — Verb — suntrecho — soon-trekh'-o )

"to run together with" (sun, "with"), is used (a) literally, Mark 6:33 ; Acts 3:11 ; (b) metaphorically, 1 Peter 4:4 , of "running" a course of evil with others. In the Sept., Psalms 50:18 .

5: προτρέχω
(Strong's #4390 — Verb — protrecho — prot-rekh'-o )

"to run before," Luke 19:4 : see OUTRUN.

6: εἰστρέχω
(Strong's #1532 — Verb — eistrecho — ice-trekh'-o )

"to run in" (eis, "in"), occurs in Acts 12:14 .

7: ὑποτρέχω
(Strong's #5295 — Verb — hupotrecho — hoop-ot-rekh'-o )

"to run under" (hupo, "under"), is used nautically in Acts 27:16 .

8: ἐπισυντρέχω
(Strong's #1998 — Verb — episuntrecho — ep-ee-soon-trekh'-o )

"to run together again" (epi, "upon, or again," and No. 4), occurs in Mark 9:25 .

9: ἐκχέω
(Strong's #1632 — Verb — ekchunno | ekchuno — ek-kheh'-o, ek-khoo'-no )

"to shed," is translated "ran riotously" in Jude 1:11 , RV (AV, "ran greedily"). See RIOTOUSLY , Note. See SHED , SPILL.

10: ὑπερεκχύννω
(Strong's #5240 — Verb — huperekchunno — hoop-er-ek-khoo'-no )

a late form of huperekcheo, "to overflow," is rendered "running over" in Luke 6:38 .

11: ζηλωτής
(Strong's #2207 — Noun Masculine — epikello | epokello — dzay-lo-tace' )

"to drive upon," is used in Acts 27:41 of "running" a ship ashore.

Notes: (1) Hormao, "to set in motion urge on," but intransitively, "to hasten on, rush," is always translated "to rush" in the RV: AV, "ran violently," Matthew 8:32 ; Mark 5:13 ; Luke 8:33 ; "ran," Acts 7:57 ; "rushed," Acts 19:29 . See RUSH. (2) In Acts 21:30 , sundrome, "a running together," with ginomai, "to become, take place," is translated "ran together," lit., "a running together took place." (3) In Matthew 9:17 , AV ekcheo, "to pour out," used in the Passive Voice (RV, "is spilled"), is translated "runneth out. (4) In Acts 14:14 , RV, ekpedao, "to spring forth," is translated "sprang forth" (this verb is found in the papyri); the AV, "ran in" translates the mss. which have eispedao, "to spring in." (5) Katatrecho, "to run down," occurs in Acts 21:32 .

Rush, Rushing

1: ὁρμάω
(Strong's #3729 — Verb — hormao — hor-mah'-o )

for which see RUN , Note (1), with refs., is akin to horme (see ASSAULT) and hormema, "a rushing" (see VIOLENCE).

2: φέρω
(Strong's #5342 — verb — phero — fer'-o )

"to bear," is used in the present participle, Passive Voice, in Acts 2:2 , and translated "rushing" RV, "the rushing (of a mighty wind)," AV "a rushing (mighty wind)" lit "a violent wind borne (along)."

3: τρέχω
(Strong's #5143 — Verb — trecho — trekh'-o )

"to run," is translated "rushing (to war)" in Revelation 9:9 , RV, AV, "running (to battle)."

Rust

A — 1: βρῶσις
(Strong's #1035 — Noun Feminine — brosis — bro'-sis )

"an eating" (akin to bibrosko, "to eat"), is used metaphorically to denote "rust" in Matthew 6:19, 20 . See EAT , B, No. 1, FOOD, MEAT, MORSEL.

A — 2: ἰός
(Strong's #2447 — Noun Masculine — ios — ee-os' )

"poison," denotes "rust" in James 5:3 . See POISON.

B — 1: κατιόω
(Strong's #2728 — Verb — katioo — kat-ee-o'-o )

an intensive form of ioo, "to poison" (akin to A, No. 2), strengthened by kata, "down," "to rust over," and in the Passive Voice, "to become rusted over," occurs in James 5:3 , RV, "are rusted" (AV, "are cankered"). Cp. gangraina, "a gangrene," 2 Timothy 2:17 , RV.