Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words

Mirror — Mystery

Mirror

1: ἔσοπτρον
(Strong's #2072 — Noun Neuter — esoptron — es'-op-tron )

rendered, "glass" in the AV, is used of any surface sufficiently smooth and regular to reflect rays of light uniformly, and thus produce images of objects which actually in front of it appear to the eye as if they were behind it. "Mirrors" in Biblical times were, it seems, metallic; hence the RV adopts the more general term "mirror;" in 1 Corinthians 13:12 , spiritual knowledge in this life is represented metaphorically as an image dimly perceived in a "mirror;" in James 1:23 , the "law of liberty" is figuratively compared to a "mirror;" the hearer who obeys not is like a person who, having looked into the "mirror," forgets the reflected image after turning away; he who obeys is like one who gazes into the "mirror" and retains in his soul the image of what he should be.

Note: For the verb katoptrizo, "to reflect as a mirror" (some regard it as meaning "beholding in a mirror"), in 2 Corinthians 3:18 , see BEHOLD , No. 12.

Mischief

* For MISCHIEF, Acts 13:10 , see VILLANY

Miserable, Miserably, Misery

A — 1: ἐλεεινός
(Strong's #1652 — Adjective — eleeinos — el-eh-i-nos' )

"pitiable, miserable" (from eleos, "mercy, pity;" see MERCY), is used in Revelation 3:17 , in the Lord's description of the church at Laodicea; here the idea is probably that of a combination of "misery" and pitiableness.

Note: For the comparative degree eleeinoteros, rendered "most pitiable" in 1 Corinthians 15:19 , RV (AV, "most miserable") see PITIABLE.

A — 2: κακός
(Strong's #2556 — Adjective — kakos — kak-os' )

"bad, evil," is translated "miserable" in Matthew 21:41 , RV (AV, "wicked"). See BAD.

B — 1: κακῶς
(Strong's #2560 — Adverb — kakos — kak-oce' )

"badly, ill," is translated "miserably" in Matthew 21:41 (see A, No. 2). Adhereing to the meaning "evil," and giving the designed stress, the sentence may be rendered, "evil (as they are) he will evilly destroy them."

C — 1: ταλαιπωρία
(Strong's #5004 — Noun Feminine — talaiporia — tal-ahee-po-ree'-ah )

"hardship, suffering, distress" (akin to talaiporos, "wretched," Romans 7:24 ; Revelation 3:17 , and to talaiporeo, in the Middle Voice, "to afflict oneself," in James 4:9 , "be afflicted"), is used as an abstract noun, "misery," in Romans 3:16 ; as a concrete noun, "miseries," in James 5:1 .

Mist

1: ἀχλύς
(Strong's #887 — Noun Feminine — achlus — akh-looce' )

"a mist," especially a dimness of the eyes, is used in Acts 13:11 . "In the single place of its NT use it attests the accuracy in the selection of words, and not least of medical words, which 'the beloved physician' so often displays. For him it expresses the mist of darkness ... which fell on the sorcerer Elymas, being the outward and visible sign of the inward spiritual darkness which would be his portion for a while in punishment for his resistance to the truth" (Trench, Syn., c).

2: ὅμιλος
(Strong's #3658 — Noun Masculine — homichle — hom'-il-os )

"a mist" (not so thick as nephos and nephele, "a cloud"), occurs in 2 Peter 2:17 (1st part), RV, "mists;" some mss. have nephelai, "clouds" (AV).

3: ζόφος
(Strong's #2217 — Noun Masculine — zophos — dzof'-os )

is rendered "mist" in the AV of 2 Peter 2:17 (2nd part), RV, "blackness;" "murkiness" would be a suitable rendering. For this and other synonymous terms see BLACKNESS , DARKNESS.

Mite

1: λεπτός
(Strong's #3016 — Adjective — lepton — lep-ton' )

the neuter of the adjective leptos, signifying, firstly, "peeled," then, "fine, thin, small, light," became used as a noun, denoting a small copper coin, often mentioned in the Mishna as proverbially the smallest Jewish coin. It was valued at 1/8th of the Roman as, and the 1/128th part of the denarius: its legal value was about one third of an English farthing; Mark 12:42 lit. reads "two lepta, which make a kodrantes (a quadrans);" in Luke 12:59 "the last lepton" corresponds in effect to Matthew 5:26 , "the uttermost kodrantes," "farthing;" elsewhere Luke 21:2 ; see FARTHING.

Mixed

* Note: In Hebrews 4:2 , AV, sunkerannumi, lit., "to mix with" (sun, "with," kerannumi, see MINGLE , No. 2), is so translated; RV, "were (not) united (by faith) with" [AV, "(not) being mixed ... in], as said of persons; in 1 Corinthians 12:24 "hath tempered." See TEMPER TOGETHER.

Mixture

1: μίγμα
(Strong's #3395 — Noun Neuter — migma — mig'-mah )

"a mixture" (akin to mignumi, "to mix, mingle:" see MINGLE , No. 1), occurs in John 19:39 (some mss. have heligma, "a roll").

Note: In Revelation 14:10 , AV, akratos (a negative, and kerannumi, "to mingle") is translated "without mixture" (RV, "unmixed"). In the Sept., Psalms 75:8 ; Jeremiah 32:1 .

Mock, Mocker, Mocking

A — 1: ἐμπαίζω
(Strong's #1702 — Verb — empaizo — emp-aheed'-zo )

a compound of paizo, "to play like a child" (pais), "to sport, jest," prefixed by en, "in" or "at," is used only in the Synoptists, and, in every instance, of the "mockery" of Christ, except in Matthew 2:16 (there in the sense of deluding, or deceiving, of Herod by the wise men) and in Luke 14:29 , of ridicule cast upon the one who after laying a foundation of a tower is unable to finish it. The word is used (a) prophetically by the Lord, of His impending sufferings, Matthew 20:19 ; Mark 10:34 ; Luke 18:32 ; (b) of the actual insults inflicted upon Him by the men who had taken Him from Gethsemane, Luke 22:63 ; by Herod and his soldiers, Luke 23:11 ; by the soldiers of the governor, Matthew 27:29, 31 ; Mark 15:20 ; Luke 23:36 ; by the chief priests, Matthew 27:41 ; Mark 15:31 .

A — 2: μυκτηρίζω
(Strong's #3456 — Verb — mukterizo — mook'-tay-rid'-zo )

from mukter, "the nose," hence, "to turn up the nose at, sneer at, treat with contempt," is used in the Passive Voice in Galatians 6:7 , where the statement "God is not mocked" does not mean that men do not mock Him (see Proverbs 1:30 , where the Sept. has the same verb); the Apostle vividly contrasts the essential difference between God and man. It is impossible to impose upon Him who discerns the thoughts and intents of the heart.

Note: Ekmukterizo, a strengthened form of the above, "to scoff at," is used in Luke 16:14 ; Luke 23:35 (RV, "scoffed at;" AV, "derided"). See DERIDE , SCOFF.

A — 3: χλευάζω
(Strong's #5512 — Verb — chleuazo — khlyoo-ad'-zo )

"to jest, mock, jeer at" (from chleue, "a jest"), is said of the ridicule of some of the Athenian philosophers at the Apostle's testimony concerning the resurrection of the dead, Acts 17:32 .

A — 4: διά
(Strong's #1223 5512 — Preposition — diachleuazo — dee-ah' )

an intensive form of No. 3, "to scoff at," whether by gesture or word, is said of those who jeered at the testimony given on the Day of Penticost, Acts 2:13 (some mss. have No. 3).

B — 1: ἐμπαίκτης
(Strong's #1703 — Noun Masculine — empaiktes — emp-aheek-tace' )

"a mocker" (akin to A, No. 1), is used in 2 Peter 3:3 , RV, "mockers." (AV, "scoffers"); Jude 1:18 , RV and AV, "mockers." In the Sept., Isaiah 3:4 .

B — 2: ἐμπαιγμός
(Strong's #1701 — Noun Masculine — empaigmos — emp-aheeg-mos' )

the act of the empaiktes, "a mocking," is used in Hebrews 11:36 , "mockings." In the Sept., Psalms 38:7 ; Ezekiel 22:4 .

B — 3: ἐμπαίζω
(Strong's #1702 — Verb — empaigmone — emp-aheed'-zo )

an abstract noun, "mockery," is used in 2 Peter 3:3 (some mss. omit it, as in AV): (see also No. 1, above).

Moderation

* For MODERATION, Philippians 4:5 , AV, see FORBEARANCE , C, No. 2

Modest

1: κόσμιος
(Strong's #2887 — Adjective — kosmios — kos'-mee-os )

"orderly, well-arranged, decent, modest" (akin to kosmos, in its primary sense as "harmonious arrangement, adornment;" cp. kosmikos, of the world, which is related to kosmos in its secondary sense as the world), is used in 1 Timothy 2:9 of the apparel with which Christian women are to adorn themselves; in 1 Timothy 3:2 (RV, "orderly;" AV, "of good behavior"), of one of the qualifications essential for a bishop or overseer. "The well-ordering is not of dress and demeanor only, but of the inner life, uttering indeed and expressing itself in the outward conversation" (Trench, Syn., xcii). In the Sept., Ecclesiastes 12:9 .

Moisture

1: ἰκμάς
(Strong's #2429 — Noun Feminine — ikmas — hik-mas' )

"moisture" (probably from an Indo-European root sik---, indicating "wet"), is used in Luke 8:6 . In the Sept., Job 26:14 ; Jeremiah 17:8 .

Moment

A — 1: ἄτομος
(Strong's #823 — Adjective — atomos — at'-om-os )

lit. means "indivisible" (from a, negative, and temno, "to cut;" Eng., "atom"); hence it denotes "a moment," 1 Corinthians 15:52 .

A — 2: στιγμή
(Strong's #4743 — Noun Feminine — stigme — stig-may' )

"a prick, a point" (akin to stizo, "to prick"), is used metaphorically in Luke 4:5 , of a "moment," with chronos, "a moment (of time)."

Note: It is to be distinguished from stigma, "a mark" or "brand," Galatians 6:17 , which is, however, also connected with stizo.

B — 1: παραυτίκα
(Strong's #3910 — Adverb — parautika — par-ow-tee'-kah )

the equivalent of parauta, immediately (not in the NT), i.e., para auta, with ta pragmata understood, "at the same circumstances," is used adjectivally in 2 Corinthians 4:17 and translated "which is but for a moment;" the meaning is not, however, simply that of brief duration, but that which is present with us now or immediate (para, "beside, with"), in contrast to the future glory; the clause is, lit., "for the present lightness (i.e., 'light burden,' the adjective elaphron, "light,' being used as a noun) of (our) affliction." This meaning is confirmed by its use in the Sept. of Psalms 70:3 , "(let them be turned back) immediately," where the rendering could not be "for a moment."

Money

1: ἀργύριον
(Strong's #694 — Noun Neuter — argurion — ar-goo'-ree-on )

properly, "a piece of silver," denotes (a) "silver," e.g., Acts 3:6 ; (b) a "silver coin," often in the plural, "pieces of silver," e.g., Matthew 26:15 ; so Matthew 28:12 , where the meaning is "many, (hikanos) pieces of silver;" (c) "money;" it has this meaning in Matthew 25:18, 27 ; Matthew 28:15 ; Mark 14:11 ; Luke 9:3 ; Luke 19:15, 23 ; Luke 22:5 ; Acts 8:20 (here the RV has "silver").

Note: In Acts 7:16 , for the AV, "(a sum of) money," the RV has "(a price in) silver." See SILVER.

2: χρῆμα
(Strong's #5536 — Noun Neuter — chrema — khray'-mah )

lit., "a thing that one uses" (akin to chraomai, "to use"), hence, (a) "wealth, riches," Mark 10:23, 24 ; Luke 18:24 ; (b) "money," Acts 4:37 , singular number, "a sum of money;" plural in 8:18,20; 24:26. See RICHES.

3: χαλκός
(Strong's #5475 — Noun Masculine — chalkos — khal-kos' )

"copper," is used, by metonymy, of "copper coin," translated "money," in Mark 6:8 ; Mark 12:41 . See BRASS.

4: κέρμα
(Strong's #2772 — Noun Neuter — kerma — ker'-mah )

primarily "a slice" (akin to keiro, "to cut short"), hence, "a small coin, change," is used in the plural in John 2:15 , "the changers' money," probably considerable heaps of small coins.

5: νόμισμα
(Strong's #3546 — Noun Neuter — nomisma — nom'-is-mah )

primarily "that which is established by custom" (nomos, "a custom, law"), hence, "the current coin of a state, currency," is found in Matthew 22:19 , "(tribute) money." In the Sept., Nehemiah 7:71 .

Note: In Matthew 17:27 , AV, stater ("a coin," estimated at a little over three shillings, equivalent to four drachmae, the temple-tax for two persons), is translated "piece of money" (RV, "shekel"). See SHEKEL.

Money-Changer, Changer of Money

* For MONEY-CHANGER, CHANGER OF MONEY, see CHANGER

Month, Months

1: μήν
(Strong's #3376 — Noun Masculine — men — mane )

connected with mene, "the moon," akin to a Sanskrit root ma---, "to measure" (the Sanskirt masa denotes both moon and month, cp., e.g., Lat. mensis, Eng., "moon" and "month," the moon being in early times the measure of the "month"). The interval between the 17th day of the second "month" (Genesis 7:11 ) and the 17the day of the seventh "month," is said to be 150 days (Genesis 8:3, 4 ), i.e., five months of 30 days each; hence the year would be 360 days (cp. Daniel 7:25 ; Daniel 9:27 ; Daniel 12:7 with Revelation 11:2, 3 ; Revelation 12:6, 14 ; Revelation 13:5 ; whence we conclude that 3 1/2 years or 42 months = 1260 days, i.e., one year = 360 days); this was the length of the old Egyptian year; later, five days were added to correspond to the solar year. The Hebrew year was as nearly solar as was compatible with its commencement, coinciding with the new moon, or first day of the "month." This was a regular feast day, Numbers 10:10 ; Numbers 28:11-14 ; the Passover coincided with the full moon (the 14th of the month Abib: SEE PASSOVER).

Except in Galatians 4:10 ; James 5:17 ; Revelation 9:5, 10, 15 ; Revelation 11:2 ; Revelation 13:5 ; Revelation 22:2 , the word is found only in Luke's writings, Luke 1:24, 26, 36, 56 ; Luke 4:25 ; Acts 7:20 ; Acts 18:11 ; Acts 19:8 ; Acts 20:3 ; Acts 28:11 , examples of Luke's care as to accuracy of detail.

2: τρίμηνον
(Strong's #5150 — Adjective — trimenos — trim'-ay-non )

an adjective, denoting "of three months" (tri, "for" treis, "three," and No. 1), is used as a noun, a space of three "months," in Hebrews 11:23 .

3: τετράμηνος
(Strong's #5072 — Adjective — tetramenos — tet-ram'-ay-non )

an adjective, denoting of four "months" (tetra, for tessares, "four," and No. 1), is used as a noun in John 4:35 (where chronos, "time," may be understood).

Moon

1: σελήνη
(Strong's #4582 — Noun Feminine — selene — sel-ay'-nay )

from selas, "brightness" (the Heb. words are yareach, "wandering," and lebanah, "white"), occurs in Matthew 24:29 ; Mark 13:24 ; Luke 21:25 ; Acts 2:20 ; 1 Corinthians 15:41 ; Revelation 6:12 ; Revelation 8:12 ; Revelation 12:1 ; Revelation 21:23 . In Revelation 12:1 , "the moon under her feet" is suggestive of derived authority, just as her being clothed with the sun is suggestive of supreme authority; everything in the symbolism of the passage centers in Israel. In Revelation 6:12 the similar symbolism of the sun and "moon" is suggestive of the supreme authority over the world, and of derived authority, at the time of the execution of Divine judgments upon nations at the close of the present age.

2: νουμηνία
(Strong's #3561 — Noun Feminine — neomenia — noo-may-nee'-ah )

or noumeniua, denoting "a new moon" (neos, "new," men, "a month:" see MONTH), is used in Colossians 2:16 , of a Jewish festival. Judaistic tradition added special features in the liturgy of the synagogue in connection with the observance of the first day of the month, the new "moon" time.

In the OT the RV has "new moon" for AV, "month" in Numbers 29:6 ; 1 Samuel 20:27 ; Hosea 5:7 . For the connection with feast days see Leviticus 23:24 ; Numbers 10:10 ; Numbers 29:1 ; Psalms 81:3 .

Moor

* For MOOR see DRAW , B, Note (1)

More

A — 1: μᾶλλον
(Strong's #3123 — Adverb — mallon — mal'-lon )

the comparative degree of mala, "very, very much," is used (a) of increase, "more," with qualifying words, with pollo, "much," e.g., Mark 10:48 , "the more (a great deal);" Romans 5:15, 17 , "(much) more;" Philippians 2:12 (ditto); with poso, "how much," e.g., Luke 12:24 ; Romans 11:12 ; with tosouto, "by so much," Hebrews 10:25 ; (b) without a qualifying word, by way of comparison, "the more," e.g., Luke 5:15 , "so much the more;" John 5:18 , "the more;" Acts 5:14 (ditto); Philippians 1:9 ; 1 Thessalonians 4:1, 10 , "more and more;" 2 Peter 1:10 , RV, "the more" (AV, "the rather"); in Acts 20:35 , by a periphrasis, it is translated "more (blessed);" in Galatians 4:27 , "more (than)," lit., "rather (than);" (c) with qualifying words, similarly to (a), e.g., Mark 7:36 . See RATHER.

A — 2: ἔτι
(Strong's #2089 — Adverb — eti — et'-ee )

"yet, as yet, still," used of degree is translated "more" in Matthew 18:16 , "(one or two) more;" Hebrews 8:12 ; Hebrews 10:17 , "(will I remember no) more;" Hebrews 10:2 , "(no) more (conscience);" Hebrews 11:32 , "(what shall I) more (say)?" Revelation 3:12 , "(he shall go out thence no) more;" Revelation 7:16 , "(no) more" and "any more;" Revelation 9:12 , AV "more" (RV, "hereafter"); Revelation 18:21-23 , "(no) more" "any more" (5 times); Revelation 20:3 , "(no) more;" Revelation 21:1, 4 (twice); Revelation 22:3 . See ALSO , No. 2.

A — 3: οὐκέτι
(Strong's #3765 — Adverb — ouketi — ook-et'-ee )

ouk, "not," and No. 2, combined in one word, is translated "no more," e.g., in Matthew 19:6 ; Luke 15:19, 21 ; Acts 20:25, 38 ; Ephesians 2:19 . See HENCEFORTH , HEREAFTER , LONGER , NOW , Note (2).

A — 4: περισσότερον
(Strong's #4054 — comparative — perissoteron — per-is-sot'-er-on )

the neuter of the comparative degree of perissos, "more abundant," is used a an adverb, "more," e.g., Luke 12:4 ; 2 Corinthians 10:8 , AV (RV, "abundantly"); Hebrews 7:15 , RV, "more abundantly" (AV, "far more"). See ABUNDANTLY , C, No. 2.

Note: For the corresponding adverbs perissos and perissoteros, see ABUNDANTLY , EXCEEDINGLY.

A — 5: μείζων
(Strong's #3187 — Adjective — meizon — mide'-zone )

the neuter of meizon, "greater," the comparative degree of megas, "great," is used as an adverb, and translated "the more" in Matthew 20:31 . See GREATER.

A — 6: ὑπέρ
(Strong's #5228 — Preposition — huper — hoop-er' )

a preposition, "over, above," etc., is used as an adverb in 2 Corinthians 11:23 , "(I) more."

A — 7: ὅσος
(Strong's #3745 — pronoun — hoson — hos'-os )

neuter of hosos, "how much," is used adverbially in Mark 7:36 (1st part), "the more."

B — 1: πλείων
(Strong's #4119 — Adjective — pleion — pli'-own, pli'-on, pleh'-on )

the comparative degree of polus, "much," is used (a) as an adjective, e.g., John 15:2 ; Acts 24:11 , RV, "(not) more (than)" (AV, "yet but"); Hebrews 3:3 ; (b) as a noun, or with a noun understood, e.g., Matthew 20:10 ; Mark 12:43 ; Acts 19:32 ; Acts 27:12 , "the more part;" 1 Corinthians 9:19 ; (c) as an adverb, Matthew 5:20 , "shall exceed," lit., "(shall abound) more (than);" 26:53; Luke 9:13 . See ABOVE , No. 3, Note, GREATER.

B — 2: περισσός
(Strong's #4053 — Adjective — perissos — per-is-sos' )

"more than sufficient, over and above, abundant" (a popular substitute for No. 3), is translated "more," e.g., in Matthew 5:37, 47 . In John 10:10 the neuter form is rendered "more abundantly," AV, RV, "abundantly" (marg., "abundance").

B — 3: περισσότερος
(Strong's #4055 — comparative — perissoteros — per-is-sot'-er-os )

the comparative degree of No. 2, is translated "much more (than a prophet)" in Matthew 11:9 , RV (AV, "more"); in Luke 7:26 both RV and AV have "much more." See ABUNDANT , C.

Notes: (1) In Matthew 25:20 (2nd part), AV, allos, "other" (so the RV), is translated "more." (2) In James 4:6 , AV, the adjective meizon, "greater" (see A, No. 5, above), is translated "more (grace)" (RV marg., "a greater grace"). See GRACE (at end). (3) Various uses of the word "more" occur in connection with other words, especially in the comparative degree. The phrase "more than" translates certain prepositions and particles: in Romans 1:25 , AV, para, "beside, compared with," is translated "more than" (RV, "rather than"): cp. Romans 12:3 huper, "over, above," "more than," in Matthew 10:37 (twice); in Philemon 1:21 , AV, "more than" (RV, "beyond"). In Mark 14:5 , AV, epano, "above," is translated "more than" (RV, "above"). In Luke 15:7 the particle e, "than," is necessarily rendered "more than;" cp. Luke 17:2 ; 1 Corinthians 14:19 , "rather than." In Mark 8:14 , the conjunction ei, "if," with the negative me, lit., "if not," signifying "except," is translated "more than (one loaf)."

Moreover

1: ἔτι
(Strong's #2089 — Adverb — eti — et'-ee )

"yet, as yet, still," is translated "moreover" in Acts 2:26 ; in Acts 21:28 , RV (AV, "further"); Hebrews 11:36 . See MORE , A, No. 2.

2: καί
(Strong's #2532 — Conjunction — kai — kahee )

and, is translated "moreover" in Acts 24:6 ; in the AV, where the RV has "and," Acts 19:26 .

3: δέ
(Strong's #1161 — Conjunction — de — deh )

a particle signifying "and" or "but," is translated "moreover" in Matthew 18:15 , AV (RV, "and"); Acts 11:12 (RV, "and"); Romans 5:20 , AV (RV, "but"); Romans 8:30 ("and"); 1 Corinthians 15:1 (RV, "now"); 2 Corinthians 1:23 (RV, "but"); 2 Peter 1:15 (RV, "yea").

4: ἀλλά
(Strong's #235 2532 — Conjunction — alla kai — al-lah' )

"but also, yea even," is translated "moreover" in Luke 24:22 , RV (AV, "yea, and"); in Luke 16:21 , AV, "moreover" (RV, "yea, even").

5: δέ
(Strong's #1161 2532 — Conjunction — de kai — deh )

"but also," is translated "moreover" in 1 Timothy 3:7 .

6: καί
(Strong's #2532 1161 — Conjunction — kai ... de — kahee )

is translated "moreover" in Hebrews 9:21 .

7: λοιπόν
(Strong's #3063 — Adverb Neuter — loipon — loy-pon' )

the neuter of the adjective loipos, "the rest," used adverbially, most usually rendered "finally," is translated "moreover" in 1 Corinthians 4:2 (some mss. have ho de loipon, lit., "but what is left," AV, "moreover," for hode loipon, "here, moreover," as in the RV). See FINALLY.

Note: In 1 Corinthians 10:1 , AV, gar, "for," is translated "moreover" (RV, "for"); the RV is important here, as it introduces a reason for what has preceded in ch. 9, whereas "moreover" may indicate that a new subject is being introduced; this incorrect rendering tends somewhat to dissociate the two passages, whereas gar connects them intimately.

Morning

A — 1: πρωΐα
(Strong's #4405 — Adjective — proios — pro-ee'-ah )

"early, at early morn" (from pro, "before"), is used as a noun in the feminine form proia, "morning" in Matthew 27:1 ; John 21:4 (in some mss. in Matthew 21:18 ; John 18:28 , for B, No. 1, which see). Its adjectival force is retained by regarding it as qualifying the noun hora, "an hour," i.e., "at an early hour."

A — 2: πρωϊνός
(Strong's #4407 — Adjective — proinos — pro-ee-nos' )

a later form of No. 1, qualifies aster, "star," in Revelation 2:28 ; Revelation 22:16 (where some mss. have No. 3). That Christ will give to the overcomer "the morning star" indicates a special interest for such in Himself, as He thus describes Himself in the later passage. For Israel He will appear as "the sun of righteousness;" as the "morning" Star which precedes He will appear for the rapture of the church.

A — 3: ὄρθριος
(Strong's #3721 — Adjective — orthrinos | orthrios — or'-three-os )

"pertaining to dawn or morning," in some mss. in Revelation 22:16 (see No. 2); see DAWN , B, Note.

B — 1: πρωΐ
(Strong's #4404 — Adverb — proi — pro-ee' )

"early," is translated "in the morning" in Matthew 16:3 ; Matthew 20:1 (with hama, "early"); 21:18; Mark 1:35 ; Mark 11:20 ; Mark 13:35 ; Mark 15:1 "early" in Mark 16:2 (with lian, "very;" AV, "early in the morning"); 16:9; Matthew 21:18 and John 18:28 (in the best texts for A, No. 1); 20:1; Acts 28:23 (with apo, "from").

C — 1: ὄρθρος
(Strong's #3722 — Noun Masculine — orthros — or'-thros )

denotes "daybreak, dawn," Luke 24:1 ; John 8:2 ; Acts 5:21 ; see DAWN , B.

D — 1: ὀρθρίζω
(Strong's #3719 — Verb — orthrizo — or-thrid'-zo )

"to do anything early in the morning," is translated "came early in the morning," in Luke 21:38 .

Morrow

1: αὔριον
(Strong's #839 — Adverb — aurion — ow'-ree-on )

an adverb denoting "tomorrow," is used (a) with this meaning in Matthew 6:30 ; Luke 12:28 ; Luke 13:32, 33 ; Acts 23:15 (in some mss.),20; 25:22; 1 Corinthians 15:32 ; James 4:13 ; (b) with the word hemera, "day," understood (occurring this in the papyri), translated as a noun, "(the) morrow," Matthew 6:34 (twice); Luke 10:35 ; Acts 4:3 (AV, "next day"); 4:5; James 4:14 .

2: ἐπαύριον
(Strong's #1887 — Adverb — epaurion — ep-ow'-ree-on )

epi, "upon," and No. 1, is used as in (b) above; the RV always translates it "on (the) morrow;" in the following the AV has "(the) next day," Matthew 27:62 ; John 1:29, 35 ("the next day after"); 12:12; Acts 14:20 ; Acts 21:8 ; Acts 25:6 ; "(the) day following," John 1:43 ; John 6:22 ; "the morrow after," Acts 10:24 .

Note: In Acts 25:17 , AV, the adverb hexes, "next, successively, in order," is translated "on (the) morrow." See NEXT.

Morsel

* For MORSEL see MEAT , No. 2

Mortal, Mortality

1: θνητός
(Strong's #2349 — Adjective — thnetos — thnay-tos' )

"subject or liable to death, mortal" (akin to thnesko, "to die"), occurs in Romans 6:12 , of the body, where it is called "mortal," not simply because it is liable to death, but because it is the organ in and through which death carries on its death-producing activities; in Romans 8:11 , the stress is on the liability to death, and the quickening is not reinvigoration but the impartation of life at the time of the Rapture, as in 1 Corinthians 15:53, 54 ; 2 Corinthians 5:4 (RV, "what is mortal;" AV, "mortality"); in 2 Corinthians 4:11 , it is applied to the flesh, which stands, not simply for the body, but the body as that which consists of the element of decay, and is thereby death-doomed. Christ's followers are in this life delivered unto death, that His life may be manifested in that which naturally is the seat of decay and death. That which is subject to suffering is that in which the power of Him who suffered here is most manifested.

Mortify

1: θανατόω
(Strong's #2289 — Verb — thanatoo — than-at-o'-o )

"to put to death" (from thanatos, "death," akin to thnetos, "mortal," see above), is translated "mortify" in Romans 8:13 (Amer. RV, "put to death"); in Romans 7:4 , "ye were made dead" (Passive Voice), betokens the act of God on the believer, through the death of Christ; here in Romans 8:13 it is the act of the believer himself, as being responsible to answer to God's act, and to put to death "the deeds of the body." See DEATH , C, No. 1.

2: νεκρόω
(Strong's #3499 — Verb — nekroo — nek-ro'-o )

"to make dead" (from nekros, see DEAD , A), is used figuratively in Colossians 3:5 and translated "mortify" (Amer. RV, "put to death"). See DEAD , B, No. 1.

Most

1: πλείων
(Strong's #4119 — Adjective — pleion — pli'-own, pli'-on, pleh'-on )

the neuter of pleion, "more," is used adverbially and translated "most" (of degree) in Luke 7:42 (without the article); in Luke 7:43 (with the article, "the most"); 1 Corinthians 10:5 , RV, "most" (AV, "many"); Philippians 1:14 (ditto). See MORE.

2: πλεῖστος
(Strong's #4118 — Adjective — pleistos — plice'-tos )

the superlative degree of polus, is used (a) as an adjective in Matthew 11:20 ; Matthew 21:8 , RV, "(the) most part of" (AV, "a very great"); (b) in the neuter, with the article, adverbially, "at the most," 1 Corinthians 14:27 ; (c) as an elative (i.e., intensively) in Mark 4:1 (in the best mss.; some have polus), "a very great (multitude)."

3: μάλιστα
(Strong's #3122 — Adverb — malista — mal'-is-tah )

an adverb, the superlative of mala, "very," is translated "most of all" in Acts 20:38 . See ESPECIALLY. Note: For combinations in the translations of other words, see BELIEVE , C, Note (4), EXCELLENT , GLADLY , HIGH , STRAITEST.

Mote

1: κάρφος
(Strong's #2595 — Noun Neuter — karphos — kar'-fos )

"a small, dry stalk, a twig, a bit of dried stick" (from karpho, "to dry up"), or "a tiny straw or bit of wool," such as might fly into the eye, is used metaphorically of a minor fault, Matthew 7:3, 4, 5 ; Luke 6:41, 42 (twice), in contrast with dokos, "a beam supporting the roof of a building" (see BEAM). In the Sept., Genesis 8:11 .

Moth

1: σής
(Strong's #4597 — Noun Neuter — ses — sace )

denotes "a clothes moth," Matthew 6:19, 20 ; Luke 12:33 . In Job 4:19 "crushed before the moth" alludes apparently to the fact that woolen materials, riddled by the larvae of "moths," become so fragile that a touch demolishes them. In Job 27:18 "He buildeth his house as a moth" alludes to the frail covering which a larval "moth" constructs out of the material which it consumes. The rendering "spider" (marg.) seems an attempt to explain a difficulty.

Moth-Eaten

1: σητόβρωτος
(Strong's #4598 — Adjective — setobrotos — say-tob'-ro-tos )

from ses, "a moth," and bibrosko, "to eat," is used in James 5:2 . In the Sept. Job 13:28 .

Mother

1: μήτηρ
(Strong's #3384 — Noun Feminine — meter — may'-tare )

is used (a) of the natural relationship, e.g., Matthew 1:18 ; 2 Timothy 1:5 ; (b) figuratively, (1) of "one who takes the place of a mother," Matthew 12:49, 50 ; Mark 3:34, 35 ; John 19:27 ; Romans 16:13 ; 1 Timothy 5:2 ; (2) of "the heavenly and spiritual Jerusalem," Galatians 4:26 , which is "free" (not bound by law imposed externally, as under the Law of Moses), "which is our mother" (RV), i.e., of Christians, the metropolis, mother-city, used allegorically, just as the capital of a country is "the seat of its government, the center of its activities, and the place where the national characteristics are most fully expressed;" (3) symbolically, of "Babylon," Revelation 17:5 , as the source from which has proceeded the religious harlotry of mingling pagan rites and doctrines with the Christian faith.

Note: In Mark 16:1 the article, followed by the genitive case of the name "James," the word "mother" being omitted, is an idiomatic mode of expressing the phrase "the mother of James."

2: μητρολῴας
(Strong's #3389 — Noun Masculine — metroloas | metraloas — may-tral-o'-as )

denotes "a matricide" (No. 1, and aloiao, to smite); 1 Timothy 1:9 , "murderers of mothers;" it probably has, however, the broader meaning of "smiters" (RV, marg.), as in instances elsewhere than the NT.

3: ἀμήτωρ
(Strong's #282 — Noun Masculine — ametor — am-ay'-tore )

"without a mother" (a, negative, and No. 1), is used in Hebrews 7:3 , of the Genesis record of Melchizedek, certain details concerning him being purposely omitted, in order to conform the description to facts about Christ as the Son of God. The word has been found in this sense in the writings of Euripides the dramatist and Herodotus the historian. See also under FATHER.

Mother-in-Law

1: πενθερά
(Strong's #3994 — Noun Feminine — penthera — pen-ther-ah' )

the feminine of pentheros ("a father-in-law"), occurs in Matthew 8:14 ; Matthew 10:35 ; Mark 1:30 ; Luke 4:38 ; Luke 12:53 (twice).

Motion

* For MOTION, Romans 7:5 , AV, see PASSION

Mount, Mountain

1: ὄρος
(Strong's #3735 — Noun Neuter — oros — or'-os )

is used (a) without specification, e.g., Luke 3:5 (distinct from bounos, "a hill," see HILL , No. 3); John 4:20 ; (b) of "the Mount of Transfiguration," Matthew 17:1, 9 ; Mark 9:2, 9 ; Luke 9:28, 37 (AV, "hill"); 2 Peter 1:18 ; (c) of "Zion," Hebrews 12:22 ; Revelation 14:1 ; (d) of "Sinai," Acts 7:30, 38 ; Galatians 4:24, 25 ; Hebrews 8:5 ; Hebrews 12:20 ; (e) of "the Mount of Olives," Matthew 21:1 ; Matthew 24:3 ; Mark 11:1 ; Mark 13:3 ; Luke 19:29, 37 ; Luke 22:39 ; John 8:1 ; Acts 1:12 ; (f) of "the hill districts as distinct from the lowlands," especially of the hills above the Sea of Galilee, e.g., Matthew 5:1 ; Matthew 8:1 ; Matthew 18:12 ; Mark 5:5 ; (g) of "the mountains on the east of Jordan" and "those in the land of Ammon" and "the region of Petra," etc., Matthew 24:16 ; Mark 13:14 ; Luke 21:21 ; (h) proverbially, "of overcoming difficulties, or accomplishing great things," 1 Corinthians 13:2 ; cp. Matthew 17:20 ; Matthew 21:21 ; Mark 11:23 ; (i) symbolically, of "a series of the imperial potentates of the Roman dominion, past and future," Revelation 17:9 . See HILL.

Mourn, Mourning

A — 1: κόπτω
(Strong's #2875 — Verb — kopto — kop'-to )

"to cut or beat," used in the Middle Voice of "beating the breast or head in mourning" (cp. Luke 23:27 ), is translated "shall mourn" in Matthew 24:30 . See BEWAIL , No. 2, CUT, WAIL.

A — 2: πενθέω
(Strong's #3996 — Verb — pentheo — pen-theh'-o )

"to mourn for, lament," is used (a) of mourning in general, Matthew 5:4 ; Matthew 9:15 ; Luke 6:25 ; (b) of sorrow for the death of a loved one, Mark 16:10 ; (c) of "mourning" for the overthrow of Babylon and the Babylonish system, Revelation 18:11, 15 , RV, "mourning" (AV, "wailing"); Revelation 18:19 (ditto); (d) of sorrow for sin or for condoning it, James 4:9 ; 1 Corinthians 5:2 ; (e) of grief for those in a local church who show no repentance for evil committed, 2 Corinthians 12:21 , RV, "mourn" (AV, "bewail"). See BEWAIL , No. 3.

A — 3: θρηνέω
(Strong's #2354 — Verb — threneo — thray-neh'-o )

"to lament, wail" (akin to threnos, "a lamentation, a dirge"), is used (a) in a general sense, of the disciples during the absence of the Lord, John 16:20 , "lament;" (b) of those who sorrowed for the sufferings and the impending crucifixion of the Lord, Luke 23:27 , "lamented;" the preceding word is kopto (No. 1); (c) of "mourning" as for the dead, Matthew 11:17 , RV, "wailed" (AV, "have mourned"); Luke 7:32 (ditto). See BEWAIL , Note (1).

Notes: (1) Trench points out that pentheo is often joined with klaio, "to weep," 2 Samuel 19:1 ; Mark 16:10 ; James 4:9 ; Revelation 18:15 , indicating that pentheo is used especially of external manifestation of grief (as with kopto and threneo), in contrast to lupeomai, which may be used of inward grief (Syn. xlv); though in Classical Greek pentheo was used of grief without violent manifestations (Grimm-Thayer). (2) Among the well-to-do it was common to hire professional mourners (men and women), who accompanied the dead body to the grave with formal music and the singing of dirges. At the death of Jairus' daughter male flute players were present, Matthew 9:23 (see, however, Jeremiah 9:17 ).

B — 1: ὀδυρμός
(Strong's #3602 — Noun Masculine — odurmos — od-oor-mos' )

"lamentation, mourning," is translated "mourning" in Matthew 2:18 ; 2 Corinthians 7:7 : see BEWAIL , Note (2).

B — 2: πένθος
(Strong's #3997 — Noun Neuter — penthos — pen'-thos )

akin to A, No. 2, "mourning," is used in James 4:9 ; Revelation 18:7 (twice), RV, "mourning" (AV, "sorrow"); Revelation 18:8 , "mourning;" Revelation 21:4 , RV, "mourning" (AV, "sorrow"). See SORROW.

Mouth

A — 1: στόμα
(Strong's #4750 — Noun Neuter — stoma — stom'-a )

akin to stomachos (which originally meant "a throat, gullet"), is used (a) of "the mouth" of man, e.g., Matthew 15:11 ; of animals, e.g., Matthew 17:27 ; 2 Timothy 4:17 (figurative); Hebrews 11:33 ; James 3:3 ; Revelation 13:2 (2nd occurrence); (b) figuratively of "inanimate things," of the "edge" of a sword, Luke 21:24 ; Hebrews 11:34 ; of the earth, Revelation 12:16 ; (c) figuratively, of the "mouth," as the organ of speech, (1) of Christ's words, e.g., Matthew 13:35 ; Luke 11:54 ; Acts 8:32 ; Acts 22:14 ; 1 Peter 2:22 ; (2) of human, e.g., Matthew 18:16 ; Matthew 21:16 ; Luke 1:64 ; Revelation 14:5 ; as emanating from the heart, Matthew 12:34 ; Romans 10:8, 9 ; of prophetic ministry through the Holy Spirit, Luke 1:70 ; Acts 1:16 ; Acts 3:18 ; Acts 4:25 ; of the destructive policy of two world potentates at the end of this age, Revelation 13:2, 5, 6 ; Revelation 16:13 (twice); of shameful speaking, Ephesians 4:29 ; Colossians 3:8 ; (3) of the Devil speaking as a dragon or serpent, Revelation 12:15, 16 ; Revelation 16:13 ; (d) figuratively, in the phrase "face to face" (lit., "mouth to mouth"), 2 John 1:12 ; 3 John 1:14 ; (e) metaphorically, of "the utterances of the Lord, in judgment," 2 Thessalonians 2:8 ; Revelation 1:16 ; Revelation 2:16 ; Revelation 19:15, 21 ; of His judgment upon a local church for its lukewarmness, Revelation 3:16 ; (f) by metonymy, for "speech," Matthew 18:16 ; Luke 19:22 ; Luke 21:15 ; 2 Corinthians 13:1 .

Note: In Acts 15:27 , logos, "a word," is translated "word of mouth," RV (AV, "mouth," marg., "word").

B — 1: ἐπιστομίζω
(Strong's #1993 — Verb — epistomizo — ep-ee-stom-id'-zo )

"to bridle" (epi, "upon," and A), is used metaphorically of "stopping the mouth, putting to silence," Titus 1:11 . Cp. phrasso, "to stop, close," said of stopping the "mouths" of men, in Romans 3:19 . See STOP.

Move, Moved, Mover, Moving, Unmovable

A — 1: κινέω
(Strong's #2795 — Verb — kineo — kin-eh'-o )

"to set in motion, move" (hence, e.g., Eng. "kinematics," "kinetics," "cinema"), is used (a) of wagging the head, Matthew 27:39 ; Mark 15:29 ; (b) of the general activity of the human being, Acts 17:28 ; (c) of the "moving" of mountains, Revelation 6:14 , in the sense of removing, as in Revelation 2:5 , of removing a lampstand (there figuratively of causing a local church to be discontinued); (d) figuratively, of exciting, stirring up feelings and passions, Acts 21:30 (Passive Voice); Acts 24:5 , "a mover;" (e) of "moving burdens," Matthew 23:4 . See REMOVE , WAG. Cp. sunkineo, "to stir up," Acts 6:12 .

A — 2: μετακινέω
(Strong's #3334 — Verb — metakineo — met-ak-ee-nah'-o )

in the Active Voice, "to move something away" (not in the NT; in the Sept., e.g., Deuteronomy 19:14 ; Isaiah 54:10 ); in the Middle Voice, "to remove oneself, shift" translated in the Passive in Colossians 1:23 , "be ... not moved away (from the hope of the gospel)."

A — 3: σείω
(Strong's #4579 — Verb — seio — si'-o )

"to shake, move to and fro," usually of violent concussion (Eng., "seismic," "seismograph," "seismology"), is said (a) of the earth as destined to be shaken by God, Hebrews 12:26 ; (b) of a local convulsion of the earth, at the death of Christ, Matthew 27:51 , "did quake;" (c) of a fig tree, Revelation 6:13 ; (d) metaphorically, to stir up with fear or some other emotion, Matthew 21:10 , of the people of a city; Matthew 28:4 , of the keepers or watchers, at the Lord's tomb, RV, "did quake" (AV, "did shake").

A — 4: σαλεύω
(Strong's #4531 — Verb — saleuo — sal-yoo'-o )

"to shake," properly of the action of stormy wind, then, "to render insecure, stir up," is rendered "I should (not) be moved" in Acts 2:25 , in the sense of being cast down or shaken from a sense of security and happiness, said of Christ, in a quotation from Psalms 16:8 . See SHAKE , STIR (up).

A — 5: σαίνω
(Strong's #4525 — Verb — saino — sah'ee-no )

properly, of dogs, "to wag the tail, fawn;" hence, metaphorically of persons, "to disturb, disquiet," 1 Thessalonians 3:3 , Passive Voice, "(that no man) be moved (by these afflictions)." Some have suggested the primary meaning, "to be wheedled, befooled, by pleasing utterances;" but Greek interpreters regard it as synonymous with No. 3, or with tarasso, "to disturb," and this is confirmed by the contrast with "establish" in 1 Thessalonians 3:2 , and "stand fast" in 1 Thessalonians 3:8 . A variant reading gives the verb siainesthai, "to be disheartened, unnerved."

A — 6: φέρω
(Strong's #5342 — verb — phero — fer'-o )

"to bear, carry," is rendered "being moved" in 2 Peter 1:21 , signifying that they were "borne along," or impelled, by the Holy Spirit's power, not acting according to their own wills, or simply expressing their own thoughts, but expressing the mind of God in words provided and ministered by Him.

Notes: (1) In Mark 15:11 , AV, anaseio, "to shake to and fro, stir up," is translated "moved" (RV, "stirred up," as in Luke 23:5 , AV and RV). (2) In Acts 20:24 some mss. have a phrase translated "none of these things move me." The text for which there is most support gives the rendering "but I hold not my life of any account, as dear unto myself." Field suggests a reading, the translation of which is, "neither make I account of anything, nor think my life dear unto myself." (3) In 1 Corinthians 15:34 , for the more literal AV, "I speak this to your shame," the RV has "I speak this to move you to shame." (4) For "moved with godly fear" see FEAR , D, No. 2. (5) See also COMPASSION , ENVY , FEAR , INDIGNATION.

B — 1: ἀσάλευτος
(Strong's #761 — Adjective — asaleutos — as-al'-yoo-tos )

"unmoved, immoveable" (from a, negative, and A, No. 4), is translated "unmoveable" in Acts 27:41 ; "which cannot be moved" in Hebrews 12:28 , AV (RV, "that cannot be shaken"). In the Sept., Exodus 13:16 ; Deuteronomy 6:8 ; Deuteronomy 11:18 .

B — 2: ἀμετακίνητος
(Strong's #277 — Adjective — ametakinetos — am-et-ak-in'-ay-tos )

"firm, immoveable" (a, negative, and A, No. 2), is used in 1 Corinthians 15:58 .

C — 1: κίνησις
(Strong's #2796 — Noun Feminine — kinesis — kin'-ay-sis )

"a moving" (akin to A, No. 1), is found in John 5:3 (in many ancient authorities, RV, marg.), of the "moving" of the water at the pool of Bethesda.

Mow

1: ἀμάω
(Strong's #270 — Verb — amao — am-ah'-o )

"to mow," is translated "moved" in James 5:4 , RV (AV, "have reaped down"). "The cognate words seem to show that the sense of cutting or mowing was original, and that of gathering-in secondary" (Liddell and Scott, Lex.).

Much

1: πολύς
(Strong's #4183 — Adjective — polus — pol-oos' )

is used (a) as an adjective of degree, e.g., Matthew 13:5 , "much (earth);" Acts 26:24 , "much (learning);" in Acts 26:29 , in the answer to Agrippa's "with but little persuasion," some texts have pollo (some megalo, "with great"), RV, "(whether with little or) with much;" of number, e.g., Mark 5:24 , RV, "a great (multitude)," AV, "much (people);" so Luke 7:11 ; John 12:12 ; Revelation 19:1 , etc.; (b) in the neuter singular form (polu), as a noun, e.g., Luke 16:10 (twice); in the plural (polla), e.g., Romans 16:6, 12 , "(labored) much," lit., "many things;" (c) adverbially, in the neuter singular, e.g., Acts 18:27 ; James 5:16 ; Matthew 26:9 (a genitive of price); in the plural, e.g., Mark 5:43 , RV, "much" (AV, "sore"); John 14:30 ; and with the article, Acts 26:24 ; Romans 15:22 ; 1 Corinthians 16:19 ; Revelation 5:4 . See GREAT.

2: ἱκανός
(Strong's #2425 — Adjective — hikanos — hik-an-os' )

"enough, much, many," is translated "much," e.g., in Luke 7:12 (in some mss. Acts 5:37 ; see the RV); Acts 11:24, 26 ; Acts 19:26 ; Acts 27:9 . See ABLE , ENOUGH , A, No. 2, GREAT, LARGE, MANY, MEET, SECURITY, SORE, SUFFICIENT, WORTHY.

Notes: (1) For "much more," "so much the more," see MORE. (2) In John 12:9 , the RV has "the common people" for "much people." (3) In Acts 27:16 , AV, ischuo, "to be able," with molis, "scarcely," is translated "had much work" (RV, "were able, with difficulty"). (4) In Luke 19:15 , AV, the pronoun ti, "what" (RV), is translated "how much." (5) The adjective tosoutos, "so great, so much," is translated "so much (bread)," in Matthew 15:33 , plural, RV, "so many (loaves);" in the genitive case, of price, in Acts 5:8 , "for so much;" in the dative case, of degree, in Hebrews 1:4 , RV, "by so much" (AV, "so much"); so in Hebrews 10:25 ; in Hebrews 7:22 "by so much" translates the phrase kata tosouto; in Revelation 18:7 , "so much." (6) See DISPLEASED , EXHORTATION , PERPLEX , SPEAKING , WORK.

Multiply

1: πληθύνω
(Strong's #4129 — Verb — plethuno — play-thoo'-no )

used (a) transitively, denotes "to cause to increase, to multiply," 2 Corinthians 9:10 ; Hebrews 6:14 (twice); in the Passive Voice, "to be multiplied," Matthew 24:12 , RV, "(iniquity) shall be multiplied" (AV, "shall abound"); Acts 6:7 ; Acts 7:17 ; Acts 9:31 ; Acts 12:24 ; 1 Peter 1:2 ; 2 Peter 1:2 ; Jude 1:2 ; (b) intransitively it denotes "to be multiplying," Acts 6:1 , RV, "was multiplying" (AV, "was multiplied"). See ABUNDANCE , B, No. 5.

2: πλεονάζω
(Strong's #4121 — Verb — pleonazo — pleh-on-ad'-zo )

used intransitively, "to abound," is translated "being multiplied" in the RV of 2 Corinthians 4:15 (AV, "abundant"); the Active Voice, aorist tense, here would be more accurately rendered "having superabounded" or "superabounding" or "multiplying." See ABUNDANCE , B, No. 3.

Multitude

1: ὄχλος
(Strong's #3793 — Noun Masculine — ochlos — okh'-los )

is used frequently in the four Gospels and the Acts; elsewhere only in Revelation 7:9 ; Revelation 17:15 ; Revelation 19:1, 6 ; it denotes (a) "a crowd or multitude of persons, a throng," e.g., Matthew 14:14, 15 ; Matthew 15:33 ; often in the plural, e.g., Matthew 4:25 ; Matthew 5:1 ; with polus, "much" or "great," it signifies "a great multitude," e.g., Matthew 20:29 , or "the common people," Mark 12:37 , perhaps preferably "the mass of the people." Field supports the meaning in the text, but either rendering is suitable. The mass of the people was attracted to Him (for the statement "heard Him gladly" cp. what is said in Mark 6:20 of Herod Antipas concerning John the Baptist); in John 12:9 , "the common people," RV, stands in contrast with their leaders (ver. 10); Acts 24:12 , RV, "crowd;" (b) "the populace, an unorganized multitude," in contrast to demos, "the people as a body politic," e.g., Matthew 14:5 ; Matthew 21:26 ; John 7:12 (2nd part); (c) in a more general sense, "a multitude or company," e.g., Luke 6:17 , RV, "a (great) multitude (of His disciples)," AV, "the company;" Acts 1:15 , "a multitude (of persons)," RV, AV, "the number (of names);" Acts 24:18 , RV, "crowd" (AV, "multitude"). See COMPANY , No. 1, NUMBER.

2: πλῆθος
(Strong's #4128 — Noun Neuter — plethos — play'-thos )

lit., "a fullness," hence, "a large company, a multitude," is used (a) of things: of fish, Luke 5:6 ; John 21:6 ; of sticks ("bundle"), Acts 28:3 ; of stars and of sand, Hebrews 11:12 ; of sins, James 5:20 ; 1 Peter 4:8 ; (b) of persons, (1) a "multitude:" of people, e.g., Mark 3:7, 8 ; Luke 6:17 ; John 5:3 ; Acts 14:1 ; of angels, Luke 2:13 ; (2) with the article, the whole number, the "multitude," the populace, e.g., Luke 1:10 ; Luke 8:37 ; Acts 5:16 ; Acts 19:9 ; Acts 23:7 ; a particular company, e.g., of disciples, Luke 19:37 ; Acts 4:32 ; Acts 6:2, 5 ; Acts 15:30 ; of elders, priests, and scribes, Acts 23:7 ; of the Apostles and the elders of the Church in Jerusalem, Acts 15:12 . See ASSEMBLY , No. 3. BUNDLE, No. 2, COMPANY, No. 5.

Note: In Luke 12:1 , AV, the phrase, lit., "the myriads of the multitude" is translated "an innumerable multitude of people" (where "people" translates No. 1, above), RV, "the many thousands of the multitude" (where "multitude" translates No. 1).

Murder

1: φόνος
(Strong's #5408 — Noun Masculine — phonos — fon'-os )

is used (a) of a special act, Mark 15:7 ; Luke 23:19, 25 ; (b) in the plural, of "murders" in general, Matthew 15:19 ; Mark 7:21 (Galatians 5:21 , in some inferior mss.); Revelation 9:21 ; in the singular, Romans 1:29 ; (c) in the sense of "slaughter," Hebrews 11:37 , "they were slain with the sword," lit., "(they died by) slaughter (of the sword);" in Acts 9:1 , "slaughter." See SLAUGHTER.

Note: In Matthew 19:18 , AV, phoneuo, "to kill" (akin to phoneus, see below), is translated "thou shalt do (no) murder" (RV , "thou shalt (not) kill"). See KILL , SLAY.

Murderer

1: φονεύς
(Strong's #5406 — Noun Masculine — phoneus — fon-yooce' )

akin to phoneuo and phonos (see above), is used (a) in a general sense, in the singular, 1 Peter 4:15 ; in the plural, Revelation 21:8 ; Revelation 22:15 ; (b) of those guilty of particular acts, Matthew 22:7 ; Acts 3:14 , lit. "a man (aner), a murderer;" Matthew 7:52 ; Matthew 28:4 .

2: ἀνθρωποκτόνος
(Strong's #443 — Adjective — anthropoktonos — anth-ro-pok-ton'-os )

an adjective, lit., "manslaying," used as a noun, "a manslayer, murderer" (anthropos, "a man," kteino, "to slay"), is used of Satan, John 8:44 ; of one who hates his brother, and who, being a "murderer," has not eternal life, 1 John 3:15 (twice).

3: πατραλῴας
(Strong's #3964 — Noun Masculine — patroloas — pat-ral-o'-as )

(or patral-) "a murderer of one's father," occurs in 1 Timothy 1:9 .

Note: For sikarios, in the plural, "murderers," in Acts 21:38 , see ASSASSIN. See MOTHER , No. 2.

Murmur, Murmuring

A — 1: γογγύζω
(Strong's #1111 — Verb — gonguzo — gong-good'-zo )

"to mutter, murmur, grumble, say anything in a low tone" (Eng., "gong"), an onomatopoeic word, representing the significance by the sound of the word, as in the word "murmur" itself, is used of the laborers in the parable of the householder, Matthew 20:11 ; of the scribes and Pharisees, against Christ, Luke 5:30 ; of Jews, John 6:41, 43 ; of the disciples, John 6:61 ; of the people, John 7:32 (of debating secretly); of the Israelites, 1 Corinthians 10:10 (twice), where it is also used in a warning to believers. In the papyri it is used of the "murmuring" of a gang of workmen; also in a remark interpose, while the Emperor (late 2nd cent. A.D.) was interviewing a rebel, that the Romans were then "murmuring" (Moulton and Milligan, Vocab.).

A — 2: διαγογγύζω
(Strong's #1234 — Verb — diagonguzo — dee-ag-ong-good'-zo )

lit., "to murmur through" (dia, i.e., "through a whole crowd," or "among themselves"), is always used of indignant complaining, Luke 15:2 ; Luke 19:7 .

A — 3: ἐμβριμάομαι
(Strong's #1690 — Verb — embrimaomai — em-brim-ah'-om-ahee )

is rendered "murmured against" in Mark 14:5 ; it expresses indignant displeasure: see CHARGE , C, No. 4.

Note: For stenazo, James 5:9 , RV, "murmur," see GRIEVE , No. 3.

B — 1: γογγυσμός
(Strong's #1112 — Noun Masculine — gongusmos — gong-goos-mos' )

"a murmuring, muttering" (akin to A, No. 1), is used (a) in the sense of secret debate among people, John 7:12 (as with the verb in ver. 32); (b) of displeasure or complaining (more privately than in public), said of Grecian Jewish converts against Hebrews, Acts 6:1 ; in general admonitions, Philippians 2:14 ; 1 Peter 4:9 , RV, "murmuring" (AV, "grudging").

Murmurer

1: γογγυστής
(Strong's #1113 — Noun Masculine — gongustes — gong-goos-tace' )

"a murmurer" (akin to A, No. 1, and B, above), "one who complains," is used in Jude 1:16 , especially perhaps of utterances against God (see Jude 1:15 ).

Music

1: συμφωνία
(Strong's #4858 — Noun Feminine — sumphonia — soom-fo-nee'-ah )

lit., "a sounding together" (Eng., "symphony"), occurs in Luke 15:25 . In the Sept., Daniel 3:5, 7, 10, 15 , for Aramaic sumponya (not in ver. 7), itself a loan word from the Greek; translated "dulcimer" (RV, marg., "bagpipe").

Musician

* For MUSICIAN, Revelation 18:22 , AV, see MINSTREL

Musing

* For MUSING (dialogizomai, in Luke 3:15 , AV) see REASON (Verb)

Must

1: δεῖ
(Strong's #1163 — Verb — dei — die, deh-on' )

an impersonal verb, signifying "it is necessary" or "one must," "one ought," is found most frequently in the Gospels, Acts and the Apocalypse, and is used (a) of a necessity lying in the nature of the case e.g., John 3:30 ; 2 Timothy 2:6 ; (b) of necessity brought about by circumstances, e.g., Matthew 26:35 , RV, "must," AV, "should;" John 4:4 ; Acts 27:21 , "should;" 2 Corinthians 11:30 ; in the case of Christ, by reason of the Father's will, e.g., Luke 2:49 ; Luke 19:5 ; (c) of necessity as to what is required that something may be brought about, e.g., Luke 12:12 , "ought;" John 3:7 ; Acts 9:6 ; 1 Corinthians 11:19 ; Hebrews 9:26 ; (d) of a necessity of law, duty, equity, e.g., Matthew 18:33 , "shouldest;" Matthew 23:23 , "ought;" Luke 15:32 , "it was meet;" Acts 15:5 , "it is needful" (RV); Romans 1:27 , RV, "was due," AV, "was meet" (of a recompense due by the law of God); frequently requiring the rendering "ought," e.g., Romans 8:26 ; Romans 12:3 ; 1 Corinthians 8:2 ; (e) of necessity arising from the determinate will and counsel of God, e.g., Matthew 17:10 ; Matthew 24:6 ; Matthew 26:54 ; 1 Corinthians 15:53 , especially regarding the salvation of men through the death, resurrection and ascension of Christ, e.g., John 3:14 ; Acts 3:21 ; Acts 4:12 . See BEHOVE , No. 2 (where see the differences in the meanings of synonymous words), MEET , NEED , NEEDFUL , OUGHT , SHOULD.

2: ὀφείλω
(Strong's #3784 — — opheilo — of-i'-lo, of-i-leh'-o )

"to owe," is rendered "must ... needs" in 1 Corinthians 5:10 . See BEHOVE , No. 1.

Notes: (1) In Mark 14:49 , AV, the conjunction hina with the subjunctive mood, "in order that," is represented by "must" (RV, "that ... might"). (2) In Hebrews 13:17 , AV, the future participle of apodidomi, "to give," is translated "they that must give" (RV, "they that shall give"). (3) In 2 Peter 1:14 , AV, the verb "to be," with apothesis, "a putting off," is translated "I must put off," RV, "(the) putting off ... cometh," lit., "is (swift)." (4) Sometimes the infinitive mood of a verb, with or without the article, is necessarily rendered by a phrase involving the word "must," e.g., 1 Peter 4:17 , AV, "must (begin);" or "should," Hebrews 4:6 , RV, "should" (AV "must"). (5) Sometimes the subjunctive mood of a verb, used as a deliberative, is rendered "must," etc., John 6:28 , "(what) must (we do)," RV (AV, "shall").

Mustard

1: σίναπι
(Strong's #4615 — Noun Neuter — sinapi — sin'-ap-ee )

a word of Egyptian origin, is translated "mustard seed" in the NT. "The conditions to be fulfilled by the mustard are that it should be a familiar plant, with a very small seed, Matthew 17:20 ; Luke 17:6 , sown in the earth, growing larger than garden herbs, Matthew 13:31 , having large branches, Mark 4:31 , ... attractive to birds, Luke 13:19 [RV, '(became) a tree']. The cultivated mustard is sinapis nigra. The seed is well known for its minuteness. The mustards are annuals, reproduced with extraordinary rapidity ... In fat soil they often attain a height of 10 or 12 feet, and have branches which attract passing birds" (A. E. Post, in Hastings' Bib. Dic.)

The correct RV translation in Matthew 13:32 , "greater than the herbs," for the AV, "greatest among herbs" (the "mustard" is not a herb), should be noted.

As the parable indicates, Christendom presents a sort of Christianity that has become conformed to the principles and ways of the world, and the world has favored this debased Christianity. Contrast the testimony of the NT, e.g., in John 17:14 ; Galatians 6:14 ; 1 Peter 2:11 ; 1 John 3:1 .

Mutual

* Note: This is the AV rendering of the phrase en allelois in Romans 1:12 , translated in the RV, "each of us by the other's (faith)." See OTHER , No. 5.

Muzzle

1: φιμόω
(Strong's #5392 — Verb — phimoo — fee-mo'-o )

"to close the mouth with a muzzle" (phimos), is used (a) of "muzzling" the ox when it treads out the corn, 1 Corinthians 9:9 , AV, "muzzle the mouth of," RV, "muzzle," and 1 Timothy 5:18 , with the lesson that those upon whom spiritual labor is bestowed should not refrain from ministering to the material needs of those who labor on their behalf; (b) metaphorically, of putting to silence, or subduing to stillness, Matthew 22:12, 34 ; Mark 1:25 ; Mark 4:39 ; Luke 4:35 ; 1 Peter 2:15 . See PEACE (hold), SILENCE.

My

1: ἐμός
(Strong's #1699 — pronoun — emos — em-os' )

a possessive adjective of the first person, often used as a possessive pronoun with greater emphasis than the oblique forms of ego (see below), a measure of stress which should always be observed; it denotes (I) subjectively, (a) "what I possess," e.g., John 4:34 ; John 7:16 (1st part); 13:35; 1 Corinthians 16:21 ; Galatians 6:11 ; Colossians 4:18 (1st clause); as a pronoun, absolutely (i.e., not as an adjective), e.g., Matthew 20:15 ; Matthew 25:27 ; Luke 15:31 , RV, "(all that is) mine," AV, "(all that) I have;" John 16:14, 15 ; John 17:10 ; (b) "proceeding from me," e.g., Mark 8:38 ; John 7:16 (2nd part); 8:37 (here the repetition of the article with the pronoun, after the article with the noun, lends special stress to the pronoun; more lit., "the word, that which is mine"); so in John 15:12 . Such instances are to be distinguished from the less emphatic order where the pronoun comes between the article and the noun, as in John 7:16 , already mentioned; (c) in the phrase "it is mine" (i.e., "it rests with me"), e.g., Matthew 20:23 ; Mark 10:40 ; (II) objectively, "pertaining or relating to me:" (a) "appointed for me," e.g., John 7:6 , "My time" (with the repeated article and special stress just referred to); (b) equivalent to an objective genitive ("of me") e.g., Luke 22:19 , "(in remembrance) of Me" (lit., "in My remembrance"); so 1 Corinthians 11:24 .

Notes: (1) This pronoun frequently translates oblique forms of the first personal pronoun ego, "I," e.g., "of me, to me." These instances are usually unemphatic, always less so than those under emos (above). (2) For "my affairs" and "my state" see AFFAIR , Notes. (3) In Matthew 26:12 , "for My burial" translates a phrase consisting of the preposition pros ("towards") governing the article with the infinitive mood, aorist tense, of entaphiazo, "to bury," followed by the personal pronoun "Me," as the object, where the infinitive is virtually a noun, lit., "towards the burying (of) Me." (4) In 1 Timothy 1:11 , "was committed to my trust" is, lit., "(with) which I was entrusted" (pisteuo, "to entrust").

Myrrh

A — 1: σμύρνα
(Strong's #4666 — Noun Feminine — smurna — smoor'-nah )

whence the name "Smyrna," a word of Semitic origin, Heb., mor, from a root meaning "bitter," is a gum resin from a shrubby tree, which grows in Yemen and neighboring regions of Africa; the fruit is smooth and somewhat larger than a pea. The color of myrrh varies from pale reddish-yellow to reddish-brown or red. The taste is bitter, and the substance astringent, acting as an antiseptic and a stimulant. It was used as a perfume, Psalms 45:8 , where the language is symbolic of the graces of the Messiah; Proverbs 7:17 ; Song of Song of Solomon 1:13 ; Song of Solomon 5:5 ; it was one of the ingredients of the "holy anointing oil" for the priests, Exodus 30:23 (RV, "flowing myrrh"); it was used also for the purification of women, Esther 2:12 ; for embalming, John 19:39 ; as an anodyne see B); it was one of the gifts of the Magi, Matthew 2:11 .

B — 1: σμυρνίζω
(Strong's #4669 — Verb — smurnizo — smoor-nid'-zo )

is used transitively in the NT, with the meaning "to mingle or drug with myrrh," Mark 15:23 ; the mixture was doubtless offered to deaden the pain (Matthew's word "gall" suggests that "myrrh" was not the only ingredient). Christ refused to partake of any such means of alleviation; He would retain all His mental power for the complete fulfillment of the Father's will.

Myself

1: ἐμαυτοῦ
(Strong's #1683 — pronoun — emautou — em-ow-too' em-ow-to' em-ow-ton )

a reflexive pronoun, of the first person, lit., "of myself," is used (a) frequently after various prepositions, e.g., hupo, "under," Matthew 8:9 ; Luke 7:8 ; RV, "under myself;" peri, "concerning," John 5:31 ; John 8:14, 18 ; Acts 24:10 ; apo, "from," John 5:30 ; John 7:17 , RV, "from" (AV, "of," which is ambiguous); so John 7:28 ; John 8:28, 42 ; John 10:18 ; John 14:10 (RV, "from"); pros, "unto," John 12:32 , RV, "unto Myself;" John 14:3 ; Philemon 1:13 , "with me;" eis, "to," 1 Corinthians 4:6 ; huper, "on behalf of," 2 Corinthians 12:5 ; ek (ex), "out of," or "from," John 12:49 , RV, "from Myself;" (b) as the direct object of a verb, Luke 7:7 ; John 8:54 ; John 14:21 ; John 17:19 ; Acts 26:2 ; 1 Corinthians 4:3 ; 1 Corinthians 9:19 ; 2 Corinthians 11:7, 9 ; Galatians 2:18 ; Philippians 3:13 ; (c) in other oblique cases of the pronoun, without a preposition, e.g., Acts 20:24 , "unto" (or to); Acts 26:9 "with" (or "to"); Romans 11:4 , RV, "for" (AV, "to"); 1 Corinthians 4:4 , RV, "against myself" (AV, inaccurately, "by"); in all these instances the pronoun is in the dative case; in 1 Corinthians 10:33 , "mine own" (the genitive case); in 1 Corinthians 7:7 , "I myself" (the accusative case).

2: αὐτός
(Strong's #846 — pronoun — autos — ow-tos' )

"self" (a) with ego, "I," "I myself," Luke 24:39 ; Acts 10:26 ; Romans 7:25 ; Romans 9:3 ; 2 Corinthians 10:1 ; 2 Corinthians 12:13 ; (b) without the personal pronoun, Acts 24:16 (as the subject of a verb); in the nominative case, Acts 25:22 ; 1 Corinthians 9:27 ; Philippians 2:24 ; in the genitive case, Romans 16:2 , RV, "of mine own self."

Mystery

1: μυστήριον
(Strong's #3466 — Noun Neuter — musterion — moos-tay'-ree-on )

primarily that which is known to the mustes, "the initiated" (from mueo, "to initiate into the mysteries;" cp. Philippians 4:12 , mueomai, "I have learned the secret," RV). In the NT it denotes, not the mysterious (as with the Eng. word), but that which, being outside the range of unassisted natural apprehension, can be made known only by Divine revelation, and is made known in a manner and at a time appointed by God, and to those only who are illumined by His Spirit. In the ordinary sense a "mystery" implies knowledge withheld; its Scriptual significance is truth revealed. Hence the terms especially associated with the subject are "made known," "manifested," "revealed," "preached," "understand," "dispensation." The definition given above may be best illustrated by the following passage: "the mystery which hath been hid from all ages and generations: but now hath it been manifested to His saints" (Colossians 1:26 , RV). "It is used of:

"(a) spiritual truth generally, as revealed in the gospel, 1 Corinthians 13:2 ; 1 Corinthians 14:2 (cp. 1 Timothy 3:9 ). Among the ancient Greeks 'the mysteries' were religious rites and ceremonies practiced by secret societies into which any one who so desired might be received. Those who were initiated into these 'mysteries' became possessors of certain knowledge, which was not imparted to the uninitiated, and were called 'the perfected,' cp. 1 Corinthians 2:6-16 where the Apostle has these 'mysteries' in mind and presents the gospel in contrast thereto; here 'the perfected' are, of course, the believers, who alone can perceive the things revealed; (b) Christ, who is God Himself revealed under the conditions of human life, Colossians 2:2 ; Colossians 4:3 , and submitting even to death, 1 Corinthians 2:1 (in some mss., for marturion, testimony),7, but raised from among the dead, 1 Timothy 3:16 , that the will of God to cordinate the universe in Him, and subject it to Him, might in due time be accomplished, Ephesians 1:9 (cp. Revelation 10:7 ), as is declared in the gospel, Romans 16:25 ; Ephesians 6:19 ; (c) the Church, which is Christ's Body, i.e., the union of redeemed men with God in Christ, Ephesians 5:32 (cp. Colossians 1:27 ); (d) the rapture into the presence of Christ of those members of the Church which is His Body who shall be alive on the earth at His Parousia, 1 Corinthians 15:51 ; (e) the operation of those hidden forces that either retard or accelerate the Kingdom of Heaven (i.e., of God), Matthew 13:11 ; Mark 4:11 ; (f) the cause of the present condition of Israel, Romans 11:25 ; (g) the spirit of disobedience to God, 2 Thessalonians 2:7 ; Revelation 17:5, 7 ; cp. Ephesians 2:2 ." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 256,257.]

To these may be added (h) the seven local churches, and their angels, seen in symbolism, Revelation 1:20 ; (i) the ways of God in grace, Ephesians 3:9 . The word is used in a comprehensive way in 1 Corinthians 4:1 . * [* See The Twelve Mysteries of Scripture, by Vine.]