Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

יִשְׁעִי — יְתֵת

יִשְׁעִי

† יִשְׁעִי n.pr.m. (salutary)—
1. one of the line of Jerahmeel 1 Ch 2:31^(×2), 𝔊 Ισεμιηλ, A Ιεσει, 𝔊L Ιεσσουει.
2. a chief of Manasseh 1 Ch 5:24, 𝔊 Σεει, Ιεσ(σ)ει.
3. a chief of Judah 1 Ch 4:20.
4. a chief of Simeon 1 Ch 4:42.

יְשַׁעְיָה

† יְשַׁעְיָה n.pr.m. (salvation of Yah)—
1. grandson of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:21, 𝔊 Ιασαβα, Ιεσεια.
2. chief of the sons of Elam, who went up with Ezra Ezr 8:7, 𝔊 Ιοσεια, Ησαια, etc.
3. chief of sons of Merari in time of Ezra Ezr 8:19, 𝔊 Ωσαια, etc.
4. a Benjamite Ne 11:7, 𝔊 Ιεσια, etc.

יְשַׁעְיָ֫הוּ

יְשַׁעְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (salvation of Yah; cf. אֱלִישָׁע p. 46 supr.; ישעאל on scarab ClGann^{JAs 1883, Fev.—Mars, 135, No. 8})—
1. Isaiah, son of ʾAmôṣ, the prophet: Is 1:1 + 15 times Is., 2 K 19:2 + 12 times K., 2 Ch 26:22; 32:20, 32, 𝔊 Ησαιας, 𝔙 Isaias.
†2. one of the children of Jeduthun 1 Ch 25:3, 15, 𝔊 Ισαια, etc.
†3. a Levite ancestor of one of David’s treasurers 1 Ch 26:25, 𝔊 Ωσαιας, 𝔊L Ιωσηε.

יִשְׁפָּה

יִשְׁפָּה v. sub שׁפה; יִשְׁפָּן v. sub שׁפן.

יָֽשְׁפֶה

† יָֽשְׁפֶה n.[m.] jasper (loan-word from Pers. يَشْم; so Arabic يَشْبٌ Lane²⁹⁷⁸, also (and on forms يَشْفٌ, يَشْمٌ) Frey; perhaps Assyrian ašpû Dl^{HA 36, HWB 147})—תַּרְשִׁישׁ וְשֹׁהַם וְיָֽשְׁפֵ֑ה Ex 28:20; 39:13 (both P) beryl and onyx and jasper (v. Di); וְיָֽשְׁפֶ֔ה (+ id.) Ez 28:13 (v. Sm).

יִשְׁפָּה²

† יִשְׁפָּה n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:16, Σαφαν, 𝔊L Ιεσφα.—יָֽשְׁפֶה v. p. 448b supr.

יִשְׁפָּן

† יִשְׁפָּן n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:22; Ισφαν, A Εσφαν, 𝔊L Ιεσφαν.

י֫שֶׁר

† י֫שֶׁר n.m. ψ 25:21 straightness, uprightness;—יֹשֶׁר Pr 2:13 + 11 times; sf. יָשָׁרוֹ Jb 33:23 Pr 14:2;—
1. straightness, evenness, of paths (with moral implication) Pr 2:13; 4:11.
2. rightness, uprightness Pr 17:26; תֹּם וָיֹשֶׁר ψ 25:21; of words, spoken Jb 6:25, written Ec 12:10; of the moral walk בישׁר(ו) 1 K 9:4 Pr 14:2; יֹשֶׁר־לִבִּי Jb 33:3; ישׁר לבב Dt 9:5 ψ 119:7 1 Ch 29:17:—on ψ 111:8 v. יָשָׁר 4.
3. what is due, right Jb 33:23 Pr 11:24.

יֶ֫שֶׁר

† יֶ֫שֶׁר n.pr.m. (uprightness) son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18 (on pointing v. Baer), 𝔊 Ιωασαρ, 𝔊L Σαρ.

יָשַׁר

† יָשַׁר vb. be smooth, straight, right (NH id., and deriv.; Arabic يَسَرَ be gentle, tractable, easy, ii. make easy; يَسَرٌ manageable, easy; but Sab. ותֿר, הותֿר, אהל יתֿרן Os^{ZMG 1865, 270} CIS ^{iv, 29, 2}; Assyrian išâru, be or go straight, right, mêšêru, justice, mêšêriš, righteously, Dl^{HWB 310})—
Qal Pf. יָשַׁר Je 18:4 + 2 times; 3 f. יָשְֽׁרָה Ju 14:3; Hb 2:4; 3 mpl. יָֽשְׁרוּ 1 K 9:12; Impf. יִישַׁר Nu 23:27 + 2 times; יִשַׁר 1 S 18:20, 26; 3 fs. תִּישַׁר Ju 14:7; 3 fpl. יִשַּׁרְנָה 1 S 6:12 (Ges^{§ 47 k 71})— 1. go straight, בַּדֶּרֶךְ in the way 1 S 6:12. 2. fig., be pleasing, agreeable, right (בְּעֵינֵי in the eyes of); said of a woman Ju 14:3, 7; a man Je 27:5; of matters and things (הַדָּבָר) 1 S 18:20, 26; 2 S 17:4; 1 Ch 13:4; 2 Ch 30:4; of cities 1 K 9:12; a place בְּעֵינֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Nu 23:27 (E); with כַּאֲשֶׁר Je 18:4. 3. in ethical sense, straightforward, upright; לֹא־יָֽשְׁרָה נַפְשׁוֹ בּוֹ Hb 2:4 his soul is not upright in him (opp. עֻפְּלָה swollen).
Pi. Pf. 1 יִשָּׁ֑רְתִּי ψ 119:128 (יִשְׁרֵהוּ Jb 37:3, 3 m. sf. Thes; but < Ew Di Hi De Da, Impf. from שָׁרָה); Impf. יְיַשֵּׁר Pr 3:6; יְיַשֶּׁר־ 15:21; sf. וַיְיַשְּׁרֵם (Mas abbrev. וַּיַּשְּׁרֵם) 2 Ch 32:30; 3 fs. תְּיַשֵּׁר Pr 11:4; 1 s. אֲיַשֵּׁר Is 45:13; אֲיַשֵּׁר v 2 Qr (Kt Hiph. אוֹשִׁר Ges^{§70, 2} doubtless copyist’s error); Imv. pl. יַשְּׁרוּ 40:3; Pt. pl. מְיַשְּׁרִים Pr 9:15;— 1. make smooth, straight, acc. מְסִלָּה Is 40:3; הֲדוּרִים 45:2; fig., with דֶּרֶךְ, make smooth or straight, i.e. free from obstacles, successful v 13 Pr 11:5, אֹרַח 3:6; in ethical sense, הַמְיַשְּׁרִים אָרְחוֹתָם 9:15 those making straight their paths, going straightforward on their paths; יְיַשֶּׁר־לָ֑כֶת 15:21 maketh straight his going, goeth straightforwards. 2. lead straight along, direct, waters of an aqueduct 2 Ch 32:30; (of the thunder Jb 37:3 according to some; but v. rather שָׁרָה). 3. esteem right, approve ψ 119:128 (read כל פקודיך לי יִשָּׁ֑רְתִּי).
Pu. Pt. זָהָד מְיָֻּר עַל־הַמְּחֻקֶּה 1 K 6:35 gold made level, laid smoothly out, upon the graven work.
Hiph. Impf. 3 pl. עַפְעַפֶּיךָ יַיְשִׁרוּ נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Pr 4:25 let thine eyelids look straight before thee; Imv. הַיְ֯שַׁר דַּרְכֶּךָ֑ make thy way even ψ 5:9 Qr (Kt הוֹשַׁר; v. Ges ^{70 (2)}).

יָשָׁר

† יָשָׁר adj. straight, right;—י׳ 1 S 29:6 + 70 times; cstr. יְשַׁר Pr 29:27; f. יְשָׁרָה Ez 1:7 + 4 times; pl. יְשָׁרִים Nu 23:10 + 31 times; cstr. יִשְׁרֵי ψ 7:11 + 8 times; f. יְשָׁרוֹת Ez 1:23 (del. Co);—
1. straight, level, of a way Is 26:7 Je 31:9 ψ 107:7 Ezr 8:21; foot Ez 1:7; wings v 23 (? v. supr.)
2. right, pleasing: a. to God, הַיָּשָׁר בעיני that which is right, pleasing in the eyes of, agreeable to (either cstr. before י׳, or with sfs. referring to him), especially in Deut. writers, Ex 15:26 (R), Dt 12:25; 13:19; 21:9 1 K 11:33, 38; 14:8, 15:5, 11; 22:43 = 2 Ch 20:32, 2 K 10:30, 12:3; 14:3; 15:3, 34; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2 = 2 Ch 24:2; 25:2; 26:4; 27:2; 28:1; 29:2; 34:2, Je 34:15; הישׁר והטוב בעיני י׳ Dt 6:18; הטוב והישׁר בעיני י׳ 12:28 2 Ch 14:1; הטוב והישׁר והאמת לפני י׳ 31:20. b. to man, (ה)ישׁר בעיני Dt 12:8 Ju 17:6; 21:25 2 S 19:7 Je 40:5 Pr 12:15; 21:2; (ה)טוב ו(ה)ישׁר בעיני Jos 9:25 (D), Je 26:14; 40:4; יֵשׁ דֶּרֶךְ יָשָׁר לִפְנֵי־אִישׁ Pr 14:12 there is a way which is pleasing before a man = 16:25.
3. straightforward, just, upright: a. of God, צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר הוּא Dt 32:4 (song); טוב וישׁר י׳ ψ 25:8; ישׁר י׳ 92:16; his ways Ho 14:10; his משׁפטים Ne 9:13 ψ 119:137; פִּקּוּדִים 19:9; דָּבָר 33:4; the words of divine wisdom Pr 8:9. b. of man, God made him upright Ec 7:29; but יָשָׁר בָּאָדָם אָ֑יִן Mi 7:2 an upright man among men there is none, and yet Job is תָּם וְיָשָׁר Jb 1:1 (v. Da), v 8; 2:3, cf. ψ 37:37; זַךְ וישׁר Jb 8:6; so earlier of David as an uprightman 1 S 29:6; of man’s doings ‖ זַךְ Pr 20:11, cf. 21:8; of his way of life ‖ טובה 1 S 12:23; יְשַׁר־דֶּרֶךְ Pr 29:27; יִשְׁרִי־דֶרֶךְ ψ 37:14; of his heart, mind, and will, יִשְׁרֵי לֵבָב upright of heart 2 Ch 29:34; רִשְׁרֵי־לֵב ψ 7:11; 11:2; 32:11; 36:11; 64:11; 94:15; 97:11; יְשָׁרִים בְּלִבּוֹתָם 125:4. c. as a noun, (1) with ref. to things, יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי the right I have perverted Jb 33:27; הַיְשָׁרָה יְעַקֵּ֑שׁוּ Mi 3:9 pervert the right (lit. twist that which is straight); דֹּבֵר יְשָׁרִים speaketh right things Pr 16:13, cf. 2 K 10:15. (2) more commonly of men, in sg. (ה)יָשָׁר Mi 2:7; 7:4 2 K 10:3 Pr 21:29 Jb 23:7; collective, ψ 11:7; also in סֵפֶר הַיָּשָׁר book of the upright Jos 10:13 2 S 1:18 (cf. 1 K 8:53 𝔊; Dr^{Intr. 182}), a collection of ancient national poetry; in pl. יְשָׁרִים the upright, of pious Israel Nu 23:10 (song E); elsewhere of the upright among the people of God as distinguished from the wicked, in WisdLt, Jb 4:7; 17:8 Pr 2:7, 21; 3:32; 11:3, 6, 11; 12:6; 14:9, 11; 15:8, 19; 16:17; 21:18; 28:10; 29:10, in late ψψ 33:1; 49:15; 107:42; 111:1; 112:2, 4; 140:14 and Dn 11:17.
4. abstr., uprightness, בֶּאֱמֶת וְיָשָׁר ψ 111:8 (Thes), but read rather ישֶׁר with Hi Ri Bae, after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Jer.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

יִשְׂרָאֵל n.pr., and deriv., v. sub i. שׂרה.

יִשְׂרָאֵל²

יִשְׂרָאֵל₂₅₀₇ n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (E†l persisteth, persevereth (or juss. Let E†l persist) [usually contendeth (Nes^{Eg 60 ff.}) or Let E†l contend (Gray^{Prop. N. 218}), but v. Dr^{HastDict. Bib. Jacob 530}]; on vocalization v. Lag^{BN 131 f.} Kit 1 Ch 4:16 ^(Hpt); MI^{5, + 5 times} ישראל; in Egyptian Y-si-r-ʾl Steindorff^{ZAW xvi (1896), 331}, cf. Breasted^{Bib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.} Paton^{Syriac and Pal. 134}; Assyrian Sir-ʾ-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) Schr^{KG 356 ff., 364; COT} Gn 36:31, 1 K 16:29.—On a poss. relation of יִשׂ׳ to n.pr. שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה v. RS^{K 257, 2nd ed. 34};—cf. שְׂרָיָה(וּ));—Ισραηλ:
1. n.pr.m. second name of Jacob Gn 32:29 + 28 times Gn (JE), Ex 32:13 (JE), Ho 12:13; Ju 18:29; Ex 6:14; Nu 1:20; 26:5 (all P), 2 K 17:34 1 Ch 1:34 + 8 times Chr, ψ 105:23; בֵּית יִשׂ׳ Ru 4:11; בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ (lit.) Gn 42:5 + 3 times E, 2 times P + Ex 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1 K 18:31 1 Ch 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Ex 28:9 + 7 times P; אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשׂ׳ †1 K 18:36; 1 Ch 29:18; 2 Ch 30:6.
2. n.pr.gent. (usually m. Ju 11:17 f. but f. 1 S 17:21; 2 S 24:9 [not ‖ 1 Ch 21:5], cf. Dr^{ad loc.} Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 57 f.}): name of Hebrew nation; usually der. from 1, but יִשׂ׳ more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ (v. בֵּן p. 120b): a. (1) undivided kingdom; יִשׂ׳ Gn 47:27 (J), 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 times JE, Dt 1:1; 18:6; 33:10 (poem) + 76 times D, Gn 34:7 Ex 12:15 + 42 times P; Ju 5:2, 7^(×2) + 104 times Ju, often 1 and 2 S, 1 K 1—12; כָּל־יִשׂ׳ of whole people 2 S 8:15 +, of whole army 11:1 +, opp. Judah 2:9 + (so also later). (2) יִשׂ׳ = N. tribes, disting. from Judah, even before disruption, 2 S 2:9, cf. v 10 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1 1 K 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 12:16^(×3), 18, 19; then usually of N. kingdom, till its fall, v 28; 24:7, 10 + very often K, Am 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Ho 1:5; 4:15^(×2); 5:3^(×2), 5 +, Mi 1:13, etc. (3) יִשׂ׳ of S. kingdom, Judah, rarely bef. fall of Samaria Is 1:3; 8:18 Mi 1:14, 15, so בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 K 12:17; after fall of Sam., יִשׂ׳ (less often בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 K 21:8; 23:22; Is 17:9 ψ 103:7; Je 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; יִשׂ׳ also = Judah Je 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ez 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Is 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezr 2:59 = Ne 7:61, Ezr 2:70; 3:11 +, Ne 10:34; 10:3 +, ψ 14:7^(×2) = 53:7^(×2), 147:2; 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chr: יִשׂ׳ of whole people 1 Ch 2:7 + 110 times, of N. kingdom 2 Ch 11:1 + 16 times, of Judah 12:6; 19:8 + 9 times (5) יִשׂ׳ personif. as עֶבֶד י׳, Is 44:1, 21; 49:3 b. בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳, (1) of undiv. people Ex 1:12 (J), 3:9 (E) + 72 times JE, Dt 3:18; 10:6 + 25 times D, Gn 32:33 + 327 times P; Ju 1:1 + 60 times Ju; seld. 1 and 2 Sm, 1 K 1—12; in 13—2 K 25 pass. in ref. to older hist. (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of N. kingdom Am 2:11 + 9 times Am Ho, 2 Ch 13:12 + 7 times Chr. (3) of Judah (late) Ez 2:3; Ne 1:6^(×2) Ezr 3:1; Jo 4:16 +, 2 Ch 31:5. c. בֵּית יִשׂ׳ Ex 16:31; 40:38 + 142 times (v. בַּיִת 5 d (δ); 81 times Ez, where = Judah; v. especially 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ׳ Is 8:14. d. other phrases, v. sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, נטה) מַטֶּה), יעד) עֵדָה), עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epith. of י׳) sub אָבִיר, אוֹר, אֱלֹהִים, I. גָּאַל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. קוה), i. צוּר (V. צור), קָדוֹשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3). †e. יִשׂ׳ =the laity, opp. priests, etc. (late): Ezr 10:25; Ne 11:3; 1 Ch 9:2 כָּל־יִשׂ׳ Ezr 2:70; 10:5; הָעָם יִשׂ׳ 9:1; בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ Ne 10:40, cf. שְׁאָר יִשׂ׳ 11:20.

יְשַׂרְאֵ֫לָה

יְשַׂרְאֵ֫לָה n.pr.m. a son of Asaph 1 Ch. 25:14 = אֲשַׂראֵ֫לָה (q.v.) v 2 (etym. dubious).

יִשְׂרְאֵלִי

† יִשְׂרְאֵלִי adj.gent. of foregoing;—m. הַיִּשׂ׳ Lv 24:10; f. הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית v 10, 11, cf. v 10.—2 S 17:25 < הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִי, 𝔊^A Th We Dr al. (so ‖ 1 Ch 2:19).

יְשָׁרָה

† [יְשָׁרָה] n.f. uprightness;—בְּיִשְׁרַת לֵבָב 1 K 3:6 (for form see Bö^{§ 644 a} Kö^{§ 90 (ii, 170)}).

יְשֻׁרוּן

† יְשֻׁרוּן n.pr.m. (upright one) Dt 32:15; 33:5, 26 Is 44:2; poetic name of Israel, designating it under its ideal character, 𝔊 ὁ ἠγαπημένος Aq Sym Theod εὐθύς, 𝔙 rectissimus, dilectus; Thes Ew^{§ 167 a} Lag^{BN 33} regard it as dimin. from יָשׁוּר = good little people; but no evidence that -וּן has a dimin. force, and most recent scholars De Di Dr MV Ges^{§ 86 (2), 4} take as denom. = Rechtvolk; Bacher^{ZAW v, 1885, 161 ff.} and Che rightly compare סֵפֶר הַיָּשָׁר (see יָשָׁר 3 e).

ישׁשׁ

ישׁשׁ (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic وَثْوَاثٌ weak or impotent man, وَثْوَثَةٌ weakness, impotence, Lane²⁹¹⁹).

יָשֵׁשׁ

† יָשֵׁשׁ adj. aged, decrepit, only זָקֵן וְיָשֵׁשׁ 2 Ch 36:17.

יִשָּׂשכָר

† יִשָּׂשכָר (so always MT, Qr perpet.; Ben Napht. יִשְׂשָׂכָר Baer Gn p. 84 f.) n.pr.m. Issachar (etym. and meaning dub.; MT as Niph. Impf. √ שׂכר; Kt = יֵשׁ שָׂכָר there is recompense (cf. Gn 30:18), so Thes al.; this the true etym. according to Ol^{§§ 69 c; 277 f.} Kö^{i. 120} v. יֵשׁ שָׂכָר Je 31:16 2 Ch 15:7; = אִישׁ שָׂכָר (a more prob. combination in n.pr.) We^{Sam. 95}; > יִשָּׂכָר (MT), or יִשָּׂא שׂכר; 𝔊 Ισσαχαρ, see especially Gn 30:18 Ισσαχαρ, ὅ ἐστιν μισθός)—
1. fifth son of Jacob and Leah (appar. ninth son of Jacob) Gn 30:18; 35:23; 46:13; 49:14; Ex 1:3; Nu 1:8; בְּנֵי ישׂ׳ Nu 1:28; 2:5; 26:23; Jos 19:17; 1 Ch 7:1; 12:33 (v 32 van d. H.); מִשְׁפְּחוֹת ישׂ׳ Nu 26:25; 1 Ch 7:5; מַטֵּה ישׂ׳ Nu 1:29; 2:5; 13:7; Jos 21:6, 28; 1 Ch 6:47, 57; מטה בני ישׂ׳ Nu 10:15; 34:26; Jos 19:23; בֵּית ישׂ׳ 1 K 15:27; hence ישׂ׳ alone = tribe of Issachar, Nu 7:18; Dt 27:12; 33:18 Jos 19:17; Ju 5:15^(×2); 10:1; Ez 48:33 (שׁער ישׂ׳), 1 Ch 27:18; 2 Ch 30:18; = territory of the tribe Jos 17:10, 11; 1 K 4:17; 1 Ch 12:41 (v 40 van d. H.); transit. from tribe to territory Ez 48:25, 26.
2. 7th son of Obed-Edom 1 Ch 26:5.

יִשָּׂשׂכָר

יִשָּׂשׂכָר v. p. 441 supr.

יתד

יתד (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; Arabic وَتَدَ drive in peg, be firm (of peg), is appar. denom.)

יָתֵד

† יָתֵד n.f. ^{Dt 23:14} Ju 4:21 peg, pin (NH id.; Arabic وَتِدٌ )—יָתֵד Dt 23:14 + 9 times; cstr. יְתַד Ju 4:21; 16:14 (where c. art. but v. Ges^{§ 127, R. 4a}); pl. יְתֵדֹת Ex 38:20; cstr. יִתְדֹת 27:19 + 4 times; sf. וִיתֵידֹתַיִךְ Is 54:2; יְתֵדֹתָיו Ex 27:19 Is 33:20; וִיתֵדֹתֶיהָ Ex 39:40; וִיתֵדֹתָם Nu 3:37; 4:32;—pin, peg, especially
a. 2 Ju 5:26; 4:21; יְתַד הָאֹהֶל v 22; read perhaps also Jb 4:21 (fig.; cf. ii. יֶתֶר); often of tabernacle Ex 27:19^(×2); 35:18^(×2); 38:20, 31^(×2); ‖מֵיתָרָיו 39:40, cf. Nu 3:37; 4:32 (all P); of Zion under fig. of tent Is 33:20; 54:2; fig. of ruler as support of state Zc 10:4.
b. a peg for hanging Ez 15:3; so fig. of Eliakim Is 22:23, 24; of secure position Ezr 9:8 (cf. Arabic, v. Thes Hi Hariri ^{361 Der.}, ثابت الأَوْتَادِ of a king).
c. for digging Dt 23:14 (= spade).
d. the pin or stick used in beating up the woof in the loom Ju 16:14a, vid. GFM^{PAOS, Oct. 1889, clxxvi. ff.}; in היתד הארג v b, del. היתד (Id.^ib and in Comm. ad loc.)

יָתוֹם

† יָתוֹם n.[m.] orphan (NH id.; Aramaic יַתְמָא, ܝܰܬܡܳܐ; Ph. יתם; Arabic يَتِيمٌ pupil, orphan)—יָתוֹם Ex 22:21 + 29 times; pl. יְתוֹמִים v 23 + 8 times; sf. יְתֹמֶיךָ Je 49:11; יְתֹמָיו Is 9:16; לִיתוֹמָיו ψ 109:12;—orphan, i.e. fatherless (‖ אַלְמָנָה) Ex 22:23 ψ 109:9 La 5:3 (‖ אֵין אָב); Jb 24:9 ψ 109:12; prob. also Ex 22:21 Dt 10:18; 14:29; 16:11, 14; 24:17, 19, 20, 21; 26:12, 13; 27:19 ψ 94:6; 146:9 Je 7:6; 22:3 Zc 7:10 Mal 3:5 (in all these, mentioned as helpless, exposed to injury, ‖ אַלְמָנָה and גֵּר); similarly, ‖ אַלְמָנָה Jb 22:9; 24:3; 29:12; 31:17 ψ 68:6 Is 1:17, 23; 9:16; 10:2 Je 49:11 Ez 22:7; without אלמנה Ho 14:4 Jb 6:27; 31:21 ψ 10:14, 18 Pr 23:10 Je 5:28 (in no case clear that both parents are dead).

יְתוּר

יְתוּר Jb 39:8, v. תור.

יְתוּר²

יְתוּר Jb 39:8 appar. n.m. a searching, but v. √.

יתח

יתח (assumed by Thes as √ of foll.;) cf. Arabic وَتَخَ beat with a club, chastise; مِيتَخَةٌ club; Ba^{NB 294} der. ת׳ as loan-word from Assyrian tartaḫu ‘arrow’, but this misread (s. Meissner^{BAWb I 51—2} and Ebeling^{Festschr. Oppenheim 33}).

יַתִּיר

† יַתִּיר, יַתִּר n.pr.loc. town in Judah (√ dub.);—יַתִּיר Jos 15:48, 𝔊 Ι(ε)θερ; elsewhere יַתִּר, Levitical city Jos 21:14 (both P), 𝔊 Αιλωμ, A 𝔊L Ιεθερ, 1 Ch 6:42, 𝔊 [v 43] Ιεθθαρ, A Ιεθερ; prob. = יַתִּר 1 S 30:27, 𝔊 Γεθθορ, A Ειεθερ;—according to Onom. = Ιεθειρα, village 20 miles from Eleutheropolis, Lag^{Onom. 266, 133; ed. 2, p. 268}; identified by Rob^{BR i, 494} (who, however, questions ʿ (ע) = י) Bd^{Pal. 3, 153} with ʿAttîr, halfway between Hebron and Milḥ; so, ‘perhaps,’ Buhl^{Geogr. § 91, p. 164}; this not certain, cf. Di.

יִתְלָה

יִתְלָה v. תלה.

יִתְלָה²

† יִתְלָה n.pr.loc. in (Southern) Dan Jos 19:42; Σιλαθα, 𝔊L Ιθλα.

יתם

יתם (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic يَتَمَ, يَتِمَ be alone, bereaved, Aramaic adj. and subst. ܝܻܬܶܡ, 𝔗 יִתָּם = יָתוֹם; vid. Lag^{BN 30} Ba^{NB 194}).

יִתְמָה

† יִתְמָה n.pr.m. one of David’s valiant men, called הַמּוֹאָכִי 1 Ch 11:46, 𝔊 (Ι)εθαμα; 𝔊L Ιεθαμ.

יתן

יתן (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic وَتَنَ 2, especially of water, وَاتِنٌ a permanent thing: Ph. ירח אתנם CIS ^{I. i. 86 A}; W ^{PSBA 1886 (ix), 47}).

יַתְנִיאֵל

יַתְנִיאֵל v. תנה.

יַתְנִיאֵל²

† יַתְנִיאֵל n.pr.m. a Levite (Ēl hireth);—1 Ch 26:2; Ιενουηλ, 𝔊L Ναθαναηλ.

יִתְנָ֑ן

† יִתְנָ֑ן n.pr.loc. (etym. dub.) city in the Negeb of Judah Jos 15:23 (foll. by זִיף v 24), 𝔊 A Ιθναζιφ, 𝔊L Ιθναν, Ζειφ; site unknown.

יֶ֫תֶר

I. יֶ֫תֶר₉₄ n.m. Ne 2:16 remainder, excess, pre-eminence;—abs. יֶ֫תָר Ne 2:16 + 2times; יָתֶ֑ר Pr 17:7; cstr. יֶתֶ֫ר Gn 49:3 + 84 times; יֶ֫תֶר Is 56:12 (vid. Baer’s note); sf. יִתְרוֹ Is 44:19; יִתְרָם Ex 23;11 + 2 times (not Jb 4:21, q.v. sub ii. יֶתֶר);—
1. †a. remainder, remnant (with implied inferiority in number or quality), of crops, etc. יִתְרָם Ex 23:11 (JE), their remnant, i.e. what they (the enemy) leave, so יֶתֶר הַגָּזָם Jo 1:4; יֶתֶר הָאַרְבֶּה v 4; יֶתֶר הַיֶּלֶק v 4; יֶתֶר הַפְּלֵטָה הַנִּשְׁאֶרֶת EX 10:5 (J); of vessels, יֶתֶר הַכֵּלִים הַנּוֹתָרִים Je 27:19; of a tree Is 44:19 (= שְׁאֵרִית v 17); elsewhere of pers. Dt 3:11 = Jos 12:4; 13:12 (both D), Dt 28:54 Jos 23:12 (D), 2 S 21:2 2 K 25:11 = Je 52:15, Ez 34:18; of a rescued remnant of Israel (Judah) Mi 5:2 Zp 2:9 (‖ שְׁאֵרִית), Zc 14:2; יֶתֶר הַקָּדֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁאַר 1 K 22:47; יֶתֶר הָעָם הַנִּשְׁאָרִים Je 36:9^(×2) 2 K 25:11 = Je 52:15†. b. remainder, rest, other part of people, elders, etc., 2 S 10:10 = 1 Ch 19:11, 2 S 12:28 1 K 12:23 Je 29:1 Hb 2:8 Ez 48:23; sometimes incl. a majority Ju 7:6 1 S 13:2; of common people (opp. rulers) Ne 2:16; 4:8, 13, cf. 6:1; of land Dt 3:13 Jos 13:27 (P); of other inanimate things Lv 14:17 (P), Nu 31:32 (id.), of years Is 38:10; elsewhere in phr. יֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי the rest of the affairs of, in summaries of reigns of kings of Israel and Judah 1 K 11:41 + 41 times K Ch; יֶתֶר כָּל־דִּבְרֵי 1 K 15:23; יֶתֶר דְּבָרָיו 2 Ch 28:26.
†2. a. excess, שְׂפַת יָ֑תֶר Pr 17:7 a lip of excess = arrogant speech (see VB). b. in adv. phrases, עַל יֶתֶר ψ 31:24 on the basis of abundance = abundantly, as adv. accus. גָּדוֹל יֶתֶר מְאֹד Is 56:12 great, in abundance, exceedingly, Dn 8:9 וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶתֶר and grew great in excess, exceedingly (cf. ܝܰܬܻܝܪ much, ܝܰܬܻܝܪ ܡܶܢ more than). c. specif. what is over and above immediate necessities, abundance, affluence Jb 22:20 ψ 17:14.
†3. superiority, pre-eminence יֶתֶר שְׂאֵת וְיֶתֶר עָ֑ז Gn 49:3.—On Jb 4:21 v. ii. יֶתֶר.

יָתֵר

יָתֵר Pr 12:26, v. תור.

יָתַר

[יָתַר₁₀₇] vb. remain over (NH id.; Aramaic יְתַר, ܝܺܬܰܪ id.; Zinj. יתר n. rest, remainder; Ethiopic ወተረ Assyrian [atâru], remain over, in der. conj., Dl^HWB; in Sab. ותר CIS ^{iv, 15, 46, p. 77}; especially n. ותר as epithet of king = noble one, and as n.pr. ותרם Mordt^{ZMG, 1876, 37, 292} DHM^{ZMG, 1883, 15} CIS^{iv, 10}; Arabic وَتَرَ is make single, make to be one, or an odd number)—
†Qal Pt. הַיּוֹתֵר 1 S 15:15 the remainder†.
Niph. be left over, remain over; Pf. נוֹתַר Ex 10:15 + 8 times, etc.; Impf. יִוָּתֵר 2 K 20:17 + 2 times; יִוָּתֶ֥ר בָּ֑הּ Zc 13:8; וַיִּוָּתֵר Gn 32:25 + 2 times; וָאִוָּתֵר 1 K 19:10, 14, etc.; Pt. נוֹתָר 1 S 2:26 + 17 times, נֹתָר Ex 12:10; fs. נוֹתֶ֫רֶת Lv 2:3 + 3 times; mpl. נוֹתָרִים Ju 8:10 + 24 times, etc.;—be left over, remain (over), abs. Ex 10:15 (J), Jos 11:11, 22 (D), Ju 9:5 Is 1:8; 30:17 1 K 18:22 2 K 20:17 = Is 39:6; sq. לְבַדּוֹ be left alone Gn 32:25 (J), so 1 K 19:10, 14; sq. מִן be left from (= of) 2 S 13:30 Ex 29:34 Nu 26:65 (both P), ψ 106:11; pt. sq. מִן Ju 8:10 + 10 times P, 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7, Zc 14:16 1 Ch 6:46; sq. לְ, be left (surviving) to, 1 S 25:34 2 S 9:1, of those belonging to Gn 44:20 (J; לְבַדּוֹ לְאִמּוֹ); sq. בְּ be left in (= of) 2 S 17:12 Jos 18:2 (JE), also pt. Lv 8:32; 14:18 (P), Ez 48:15, 18; often sq. בְּ loc. &Am 6:9 + 11 times; sq. בֵּית in the house of Je 27:21; sq. על־פני הארץ Ez 39:14 (pt.); sq. אַחֲרֵי = be left behind (of sons) 1 K 9:21 = 2 Ch 8:8; sq. שָׁם + אֵצֶל Dn 10:13 I was left over there beside the kings (i.e. I had nothing more to do; cf. VB); elsewhere pt. abs., as adj. Gn 30:36 (J), Jos 17:2, 6 (JE), Lv 10:12, 16; 27:18 Jos 21:5, 26, 34 (all P), Je 34:7 1 Ch 6:55, 62; 24:20; as subst. Ju 21:7, 16 1 S 30:9 Ex 28:10; 29:34 Lv 19:6 (all P), 1 K 20:30^(×2) 2 K 4:7 Ez 34:18; 48:21 2 Ch 31:10.
†Hiph. Pf. הוֹתִיר Ex 10:15 Is 1:9, etc.; Impf. יוֹתִיר Dt 28:54; juss. יוֹתֵר Ex 16:19; וַיּוֹתֵר 2 S 8:4 2 Ch 18:4; 3 fs. וַתֹּתַ֑ר Ru 2:14; 2 ms. juss. תּוֹתַר Gn 49:4; 1 s. אוֹתִיר Ez 39:28; 3 mpl. וַיּוֹתִרוּ Ex 16:20 2 K 4:44; 2 mpl. תּוֹתִירוּ Ex 12:10 + 2 times; Imv. הוֹתֵר ψ 79:11; Inf. abs. הוֹתֵר 2 K 4:43 + 2 times; cstr. הוֹתִיר Je 44:7;— 1. a. leave over, leave Ex 10:15 (J), Ru 2:14 (obj.om.), v 18 2 K 4:43 (אָכוֹל וְהוֹתֵר, v. infr.), v 44 (obj.om. in both), 2 Ch 31:10; יֶתֶר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יוֹתִיר Dt 28:54; sq. obj. שָׂרִיד + ל pers. Is 1:9; obj. שְׁאֵרִית + ל pers. Je 44:7; sq. מִן from (= of), 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, Nu 33:55 (P), Ez 12:16; + עַד temp. Ex 12:10; 16:19, 20 (all P), Lv 22:30 (H); + שָׁם loc. Ez 39:28. b. abs. leave a remnant Ez 6:8 (denom. from יֶתֶר? c. save over ψ 79:11 < הַתֵּר release (We 𝔙 𝔗). 2. excel, shew pre-eminence Gn 49:4 (Poem in J). 3. shew excess = have more than enough Ex 36:7 (P; vid. also 2 K 4:43 2 Ch 31:10 supr.); make abundant Dt 28:11; 30:9 (sq. sf. pers. + ב rei.).

יֶ֫תֶר²

† II. יֶ֫תֶר n.m. ^{Ju 16:7} cord (proposes as hanging over or down; Aramaic יַתְרָא part of the intestines, 𝔗 יְתָרַיָּא ropes, ܝܰܬܪܳܐ cord, rope, chord of arc; Arabic وَتَرٌ bow-string, lute-string; Ethiopic ወትር sinew, cord; ወተረ stretch bowstring, strain (eyes), be intent, eager, etc.)—יֶתֶ֑ר ψ 11:2 + 5times; sf. יִתְרוֹ Kt Jb 30:11 (יִתְרִי Qr); יִתְרָם Jb 4:21;—cord, for binding a man Ju 16:7, 8, 9; bowstring ψ 11:2 Jb 30:11 (according to Qr, opp. 29:20 b; Kt = his cord, with which he reins in my assailants; cf. Di Da). Jb 4:21 tent-cord Ew De Di RV; yet read perhaps יְתֵדָם their tent-peg, so Ol Hi Sgfr (> AV their excellency, from i. יֶתֶר).

יֶ֫תֶר³

† III. יֶ֫תֶר n.pr.m. (abundance; on form and meaning of this and the foll. n.pr. v. Lag^{BN52, 198})—
1. father of Moses’ wife Ex 4:18 a (E; prob. textual error, elsewhere יִתְרוֹ, q.v.)
2. eldest son of Gideon Ju 8:20, 𝔊 Ιεθερ.
3. father of Amasa 1 K 2:5, 32 1 Ch 2:17, 𝔊 Ιεθερ; = יִתְרָא 2 S 17:25, 𝔊 Ιοθερ, Ιοθορ; 𝔊L Ιεθερ.
4. men of Judah, 𝔊 Ιεθερ: a. 1 Ch 2:32^(×2). b. 1 Ch 4:17.
5. a man of Asher 1 Ch 7:38 (= יִתְרָן v 37), 𝔊 Ιεθερ, A Ιεθηρ, 𝔊L [v 39] Εθραν.

יִתְרָא

† יִתְרָא n.pr.m. father of Amasa 2 S 17:25 (v. iii. יֶתֶר 3).

יִתְרָה

† יִתְרָה n.f. abundance, riches;—יִתְרָה עָשָׂה Is 15:7 = יִתְרַת עָשָׂה Je 48:36 (on cstr. cf. Da^{Synt. § 25}) the abundance (which) he hath gotten.

יִתְרוֹ

† יִתְרוֹ n.pr.m. father of Moses’ wife Ex 3:1; 4:18 b; 18:1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12 (all E), = יֶתֶר 4:18; in all 𝔊 Ιοθορ.

יִתְרוֹן

† יִתְרוֹן n.[m.] advantage, profit, only Ec;—abs. Ec 1:3 + 4 times; cstr. Ec 2:13 + 4 times;—advantage to (ל) any one, מַה־יִתְרוֹן לָאָדָם Ec 1:3, i.e. what advantage hath a man? 5:15; 10:11; sq. מִן compar. = advantage beyond, more than 2:13^(×2); cstr. יִתְדוֹן הָעוֹשֶׂה 3:9 advantage of (for) him that worketh; יִתְרוֹן אֶרֶץ 5:8; יִתְרוֹן דַּעַת 7:12 advantage of knowledge; וְיִתְרוֹן הַכְשֵׁיר חָכְמָה Ec 10:10 an advantage for giving success is wisdom; abs. אֵין יִתְרוֹן תַּחַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Ec 2:11.

יִתְרִי

† יִתְרִי adj.gent., always c. art. הַיִּתְרִי 2 S 23:38, 𝔊 Αιθειραιος, etc.; v 38, 𝔊 Εθθεναιος, 𝔊L Ιεθεμ; read perhaps הַיַּתִּירִי Th Klo Kit. Bu; = 1 Ch 11:40^(×2), 𝔊 Ηθηρει, Ιεθ(ε)ρι, etc.; coll. 1 Ch 2:53, 𝔊 Αιθαλειμ, 𝔊L Εθρι.

יִתְרָן

† יִתְרָן n.pr.m.
1. an Edomite Gn 36:26 = 1 Ch 1:41, 𝔊 Ι(ε)θραν, etc.
2. a man of Asher 1 Ch 7:37 (v. iii. יֶתֶר 5), 𝔊 Θερα, A Ιεθερ, 𝔊L [v 38] Ιεθραν.

יִתְרְעָם

† יִתְרְעָם n.m. 6th son of David 2 S 3:5 = 1 Ch 3:3, 𝔊 Ιθ(α)ραμ, Ιεθρααμ, etc.

יֹתֶ֫רֶת

† יֹתֶ֫רֶת n.f. appendage (term. techn. of P);—most prob. (fat) appendage, a (fatty) mass at opening of liver of sacrificial animal, extending to kidneys (v. Di Dr^{Polychr. Bible, Lv 3, 4}); GFM (Dec. 28, 1899, privately) points out that fat parts are always disting. from this; cf. now on יתרת Id.^{Sacrifice EB 4206} and especially Id.^{Oriental. Stud. für Th. Noldeke (1906), 761}, where it is shewn to be the caudate lobe of the liver. הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד Ex 29:13 Lv 3:4, 10, 15; 4:9; 7:4; הַיּ׳מִן־הַכָּבֵד Lv 9:10; cstr. יֹתֶרֶת הַכָּבֵד Ex 29:22 Lv 8:16, 25; 9:19 (all P).

יְתֵת

† יְתֵת n.pr.m. an Edomite chief Gn 36:40, 𝔊 Ιεβερ = 1 Ch 1:51, 𝔊 Ιεθετ; 𝔊L in both Ιεθερ.