Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon

חַרְהֲיָה — חֶשְׁבּוֹן

חַרְהֲיָה

חַרְהֲיָה v. חרחיה.

חָרוּז

† [חָרוּז] n.[m.] string of beads, only pl. צַוָּארֵךְ בַּחֲרוּזִים Ct 1:10 thy neck (is comely) with strings of beads.

חָרוּל

† חָרוּל n.[m.] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (cicercula), v. Löw ^{p. 153} (Syriac ܚܽܘܪܠܴܐ fodder for horses; 𝔗 Pr 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—abs. ח׳ Jb 30:7 Zp 2:9; pl. חֲרֻלִּים Pr 24:31;—as growing in devastated land, coll. Zp 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, pl. כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Pr 24:31 (‖ קִמְּשׂנִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Jb 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).

חֲרוּמַף

† חֲרוּמַף n.pr.m. father of one of the builders of the wall Ne 3:10.

חָרוֹן

† חָרוֹן n.m. (burning of) anger (cf. Lag^{BN 204 Anm.} )—ח׳ Ez 7:12 + 2 times; cstr. חֲרוֹן Nu 25:4 + 33 times; sf. חֲרוֹנִי Ez 7:14 (Co חרון), חֲרוֹנוֹ ψ 2:5; חֲרֹנְךָ Ex 15:7; pl. sf. חֲרוֹנֶי֑ךָ ψ 88:17;—always of God’s anger (v. note, infr.), חֲרוֹן אף Ex 32:12 Nu 25:4; 32:14 Jos 7:26 (J), Dt 13:18 1 S 28:18 2 K 23:26 2 Ch 28:11, 13; 29:10; 30:8 Ezr 10:14 Ho 11:9 Na 1:6 Zp 2:2; 3:8 Is 13:9, 13 Je 4:8, 26; 12:13; 25:37, 38; 30:24; 49:37; 51:45 Jon 3:9 ψ 69:25; 78:49; 85:4 Jb 20:23 La 1:12; 4:11; אף om., Ex 15:7 (song), Ne 13:18 ψ 2:5 Ez 7:12 (del. Co), v 14; pl. bursts of burning anger ψ 88:17.—
Note. כְּמוֹ־חָרוֹן ψ 58:10 burning anger 𝔊 𝔙 Jer AV Bae Che; but Thes MV SS DeW Ew Ol Pe, something burning, e.g. thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Je 25:38 מפני ח׳ הַיּוֹנָה because of the fierceness of the oppressor (? AV) would then be the only use of the word of other than God’s anger; here 𝔊 𝔗 Ew Hi Gf Ke Che Gie RV rightly read חרב oppressing sword (as 46:16; 50:16). חרון is not used in H P D ² or E (except song, Ex 15:7) of the Hex; nor in Ez except 7:12 (del. Co), v 14.

חֹרוֹנַיִם

† חֹרוֹנַיִם, חֹרֹנַיִם n.pr.loc. (poss. two hollows, caves, ravines, v. בֵּית חוֹרֹן)—דֶּרֶךְ חרונים Is 15:5 Je 48:3, מוֹרַד חֹרוֹנָ֑יִם Je 48:5, חֹרֹנַיִם 48:34, city of Moab; = MI^31.32 חורנן (i.e. prob. הוֹרֹנֵן); 𝔊 Αρωνιειμ, Ωρωναιμ.—On חֹרֹנַיִם 𝔊 Jos 13:10, 11 2 S 13:34 v. We Dr and בֵּית חוֹרֹן.

חָרוּץ

† I. חָרוּץ adj. sharp, diligent (on this and foll. v. Ba^{NB 173})—חָרוּץ Is 28:27 + 11 times; pl. חֲרוּצִים Pr 10:4; 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Pr 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Am 1:3;—
1. sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Is 41:15; without מ׳, as subst., 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Am 1:3; Jb 41:22 (fig. of crocodile).
2. fig. diligent: as subst. Pr 21:5; opp. רְמִיָּה Pr 10:4; 12:24, 27; opp. עָצֵל Pr 13:4.—Dn 9:25 v. iv. חרוץ.

חָרוּץ²

† II. חָרוּץ n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Jo 4:14^(×2) valley of strict decision (v. Ba^{l. c.}).

חָרוּץ³

† III. חָרוּץ n.[m.] trench, moat (Aramaic חֲרִיצָא; Assyrian ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, id., Dl^HWB)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Dn 9:25, si vera l.; as above Ges Herzf Ew Zö Meinh (q.v.); Gr רְחוֹב וחיץ; < 𝔊 Bev רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

חָרוּץ⁴

† IV. חָרוּץ n.pr.m. father of king Amon’s mother 2 K 21:19, 𝔊 Αρους.

חָרוּץ⁵

† V. חָרוּץ n.m. ^{Pr 8:10} gold, poet. (Ph. חרץ, v. Dr^{Sm xxviii.}; Assyrian ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ ψ 68:14 + 5 times; gold, always ‖ כֶּסֶף; Zc 9:3, of dove’s wings ψ 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Pr 3:14; 8:10 (ח׳ נִבְחָר) v 19; 16:16.

חרז

חרז (√ of foll.; NH חֲרַז string together, especially jewels or pearls; Aramaic חֲרַז id.; ܚܪܰܙ id.; Arabic خَرَزَ sew or stitch, خَرَزٌ beads strung together, neck-ornament).

חַרְחוּר

חַרְחוּר, חַרְחֻר v. sub i. חרר.

חַרְחוּר²

† חַרְחוּר n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:51 = Ne 7:53; 𝔊 Αρου(α)ρ (meaning as above? or from ii. חרר?).

חַרְחֲיָה

† חַרְחֲיָה (van d. H. חרהיה), n.pr.m. (√ and meaning. unknown)—father of one of the builders of the wall, Neh.’s time Ne 3:8.

חַרְחַס

† חַרְחַס n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum, who was husband of Huldah the prophetess 2 K 22:14 (v. חַסְרָה).

חַרְחֻר

† חַרְחֻר n.m. violent heat, fever (v. Ba^{NB 206})—בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַח׳ ובחרב וגו׳ Dt 28:22.

חרט

I. חרט (√ of foll.; Aramaic ܚܪܰܛ cut, scratch, tear; cf. Arabic خَرَطَ peel off bark, strip off leaves (mod. Arabic turn wood), مِخْرَطٌ iron instrument for doing this).

חֶ֫רֶט

† חֶ֫רֶט n.[m.] graving-tool, stylus—
1. graving-tool, with which Aaron fashioned (וַיָּצַר) the molten calf Ex 32:4 (E).
2. stylus, for writing on tablet (גִּלָּיוֹן): כְּתֹב עָלָיו בְּחֶרֶט אֱנוֹשׁ Is 8:1 write on it with a man’s (i.e. an ordinary) stylus = in common characters, intelligible to all (v. Benz^{Arch. 290}).

חרט²

II. חרט (√ of foll.; relation to I. חרט obscure).

חַרְטֹם

† [חַרְטֹם] n.m. ^{Ex 7:22} engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (prob. = ם + חֶרֶט, v. Di Ol^{§ 216, 5} Sta^{§§ 295, 327 a})—only pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּים Gn 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Ex 8:15; 9:11; cstr. חַרְטֻמֵּי Gn 41:8 + 2 times;—
1. magicians of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E; ‖ חֲכָמִים), v 24 (E), Ex 8:3, 14, 15; 7:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v 22 9:11^(×2) (all P).
2. magicians of Babylon Dn 1:20; 2:2 (‖ אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים). the fact that the word is always applied to Egypt. magicians, except Dn 2:2 (late), suggests Egypt. origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: HarkavyJAs^{, 1870, Mars—Avril, 169} proposes xar, speak + tum, hidden = teller of hidden things; Wied^{Samml 44}: thinks Heb. word perhaps imitating an Egypt. cher-ṭem-t, he who holds the book; FCCook ^{‘Speaker’s’ Comm. i. 279} proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words.

חֳרִי

† חֳרִי n.m. burning, always חֳרִי (הָ)אַף of Moses Ex 11:8 (J); Jonathan 1 S 20:34; army of Ephraim 2 Ch 25:10; Rezin Is 7:4; of God Dt 29:23 La 2:3.

חֹרִי

† I. חֹרִי n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Gn 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—ii. חֹרִי v. iii. חרר.

חֲרֵי יוֹנים

חֲרֵי יוֹנים v. [חרא, חרי]. חֲרִישִׁי v. p. 362.

חֳרִי²

חֳרִי v. חָרָה.

חֹרִי²

I. חֹרִי white bread v. sub I. חור.

חֹרִי³

II. חֹרִי, חוֹרִי n.pr.gent. v. sub III. חרר.

חֹרִי⁴

† II. חֹרִי, חוֹרִי adj., usually n.pr.gent. et pers. (prob. = cave-dweller, so Thes Rob-Ges. MV VB; v. also W Max Müll ^{Asien u. Europa 136, 155, 156})—
1. adj. gent. שֵׂעִיר הַח׳ Gn 36:20 Seir the Horite (P); read הַח׳ also v 2 for MT הַחִוִּי.
2. n.pr.gent. always c. art.; usually sg. coll. הַחֹרִי, ancient inhabitants of land of Edom Gn 14:6 (בְּהַרֲרָם שֵׂעִיר); in P called בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם 36:21 (vid. v 20); cf. v 29, 30; according to Dt 2:12 (where alone הַחֹרִים), v 22 they were driven out by sons of Esau (yet v. Gn 36l. c. and Di); 𝔊 ὁ Χορραιος, οἱ Χορραιοι, (Gn 36:29, 30 Χορρ(ε)ι).
3. n.pr.pers.m. a. חֹרִי an Edomite Gn 36:22 = 1 Ch 1:39; 𝔊 Χορρ(ε)ι. b. חוֹרי a Simeonite Nu 13:5, but 𝔊 Σουρ(ε)ι, 𝔊L Σουδρι.—i. חֹרִי v. sub i. חור.

חָרִיט

† [חָרִיט] n.m. 2 K 5:23 bag, purse (cf. Arabic خَرِيطَةٌ bag or purse made of skin or other material)—only pl. abs. שְׁנֵי חֲרִטִים 2 K 5:23, containing each a talent of silver; הַֽחֲרִיטִים Is 3:22 in list of ladies’ finery.

חָרִיץ

† [חָרִיץ] n.m. ^{1 S 17:18} a cut, thing cut, sharp instrument;—pl. cstr. חֲרִיצֵי 1 S 17:18 1 Ch 20:3; חֲרִצֵי 2 S 12:31;—
1. ח׳ הֶחָלָב 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk i. e. cheeses.
2. sharp instr. of iron, 2 S 12:31 = 1 Ch 20:3 בַּמְּגֵרָה ובח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל וּבַמְּגֵרוֹת (cf. Am 1:3 sub חרוץ 1, and Dr^Sm).

חָרִישׁ

† חָרִישׁ n.m. ploughing, ploughing-time—abs. ח׳ וְקָצִיר Gn 45:6 (E) ploughing and harvesting; also (= time of ploughing and harvest) Ex 34:21 (JE); c. sf. as acc. cogn. חָרַשׁ חֲרִישׁוֹ 1 S 8:12 (v. supr. חָרַשׁ 2).

חֲרִישִׁי

† [חֲרִישִׁי] adj. meaning wholly dub.; only רוּחַ קָדִים חֲרִישִׁית Jon 4:8; a silent east wind is not suitable in context; still = sultry is mere conject.; Hi autumnal (√ I. חרשׁ); St proposes חרישׂית = חריסית, from חֶרֶם sun (or √ whence חֶרֶס comes) hot east wind; We makes no attempt to explain.

חרך

II. חרך (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

חָרַךְ

† I. [חָרַךְ] vb. set in motion, start (cf. Arabic حَرُكَ move, be agitated, ii. set in motion)—only
Qal Impf. 3 ms. לֹא־יַחֲרֹךְ רְמִיָּה צֵידוֹ Pr 12:27 slackness (i.e. a slack or slothful man) doth not start its game De RVm, cf. Now (> Be Ew after Jewish trad., doth not roast, Aramaic חֲרַךְ, ܚܪܰܟ scorch, parch).

חֲרַכִּים

† חֲרַכִּים n.[m.]pl. lattice or other opening through which one may look (Aramaic חֲרַכָּא 𝔗 Jos 2:15 al. = Heb. חַלּוֹן; but NH חֲרָךְ is an opening smaller than a window)—only מֵצִיץ מִן־הַח׳ Ct 2:9 peeping in at the lattice (‖ מַשְׁגִּיחַ מִן־הַחַלֹּנוֹת).

חרל

חרל (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

חֳרֵם

† חֳרֵם n.pr.loc. (sacred; cf. Sab.. n.pr.loc. אחרם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 43})—a place in tribe of Naphtali Jos 19:38 (P); not identified.

חֵ֫רֶם

† I. חֵ֫רֶם n.m. ^{Lv 27:28} 1. devoted thing. 2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ abs. Jos 6:17 + 24 times (most read חֶרֶם Zc 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶ֑רֶם Jos 7:1; sf. חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 Is 34:5;—thing devoted to י׳:
1. thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (e.g. silver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Jos 6:19, 24), set apart to sacred uses; especially a. of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (except Rahab’s family) and spoil Jos 6:17, 18^(×2); 7:1, 11, 15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ 7:12 cf. 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt 7:1, 11, 12, 13^(×2) (all JE except 7:1 P; cf. v 15, 24, 25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Jos 7:1 22:20 (both P), cf. מָעַל בַּח׳ 1 Ch 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ i.e. of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed 1 S 15:21 (cf. v 3, 8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v 11, 26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Dt 13:17 (cf. v 13, 15, 16). b. of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Dt 7:26^(×2); every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Lv 27:29^(×2) (P; v. Di).
2. appar. (so Di) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Lv 27:28 (v. Di; and cf. Ezr 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Lv 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v 28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v 28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Jos 6:17, 19) went to Aaron and his sons Nu 18:14 (P), to Zadokite priests Ez 44:29.
3. devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 man under my (י׳’s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Is 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳ Is 43:28 fig. of י׳’s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zc 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Mal 3:24 smite the land with a ban, i.e. utterly destroy it.

חָרִם

† חָרִם n.pr.m. (consecrated; cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חרם, יחרמאל Hal^{411. 504} DHM^l.c.)—
1. priest of the third course, David’s time, according to 1 Ch 24:8.
2. priest of time of Nehemiah Ne 10:6.
3. heads of families of returning exiles: a. Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42, Ezr 10:21 Ne 12:15. b. Ezr 2:32 = Ne 7:35, Ezr 10:31 Ne 3:11.
4. a prince Ne 10:28.

חָרַם

† I. [חָרַם] vb.Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate (MI¹⁷ החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; ii. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ሐረመ prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. חרם = consacré Vog^{No. 35}; Nab. id., Eut^{p. 28}; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os^{ZMG 1865, 176, 252}, חרמתן DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594}; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ anathematize, excommunicate; v. also We^{Skizzen iii, 165}, Dr^{Sm 100 ff.}, RS^{Sem. i. 140(150)})—
Hiph. Pf. הֶהֱרִים Jos 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Jos 10:28; 2 ms. וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה 1 S 15:18; 1 s. הֶחֱרַמְתִּי 1 S 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Nu 21:2; 2 fs. וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Mi 4:13 (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 𝔗 RV most; MT 1 s.), v. Ges^{§ 44, R. 4}; pl. הֶחֱרִימוּ 1 S 15:9 2 Ch 32:14 etc.; (1 S 15:3 read והחרמתו 𝔊 We Dr); Impf. יַחֲרִם Lv 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Nu 21:3 Jos 10:37; sf. וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Jos 10:1; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲרֵם Dt 2:34; 3:6 etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵם Dt 13:16; pl. הַחֲרִימוּ Je 51:3; sf. הַחֲרִימוּהָ Je 50:26; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵם Dt 3:6 + 4 times; cstr. הַחֲרִים 2 Ch 20:23 Dn 11:44; sf. הַחֲרִימָם Jos 11:20 + 4 times;—ban, devote (especially religiously, sq. objects hostile to the theocracy [v. especially Ex 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Jos 6:17, 21 1 S 15:3 with Dt 2:34f.; 3:6, 7], cf. MI¹⁷ לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo);— 1. most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions: a. Isr. and her leaders subj. Nu 21:2, 3 (destruction according to vow), Jos 6:21 (cf. חֵרֶם ליהוה v 17; all J); in v 18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for MT תַּחֲרִימוּ, v. Di VB); 8:26 𝔊, not 𝔊L, om. v.), 10:1 (JE), Dt 2:34; 3:6^(×2); 7:2^(×2) (commanded through Moses, cf. for underlying thought v 4, 5, 6), 20:17^(×2) (commanded by י׳), Jos 2:10 10:28, 35, 37, 39, 40 (divine command), 11:11, 12, 20, 21 (divine command v 12, 20; all D), 1 S 15:3, 8, 9^(×2), 15, 18, 20 (divine command v 3, 18, 20, cf. v 11, 22, 23); quite secondary is simple exterminate 1 K 9:21, 1 Ch 4:41. b. secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—2 K 19:11 = Is 37:11 = 2 Ch 32:14, 2 Ch 20:23, Je 50:21, 26 (both by divine command), 51:3 Dn 11:44. c. God as subj., fig. all nations and their armies Is 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Je 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Is 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב with 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗). d. so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Dt 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Ju 21:11. 2. devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Mi 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Lv 27:28 (P).
Hoph. Impf. יָחֳרַם Lv 27:29 Ezr 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם Ex 22:19;— 1. be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Ex 22:19 (JE; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Lv 27:29 (P; v. Di). 2. devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezr 10:8.—On חרם v. especially Di (Kn) Lv 27:28; Ew^Antiq.75.78, Dr 1 S 15:33.

חֵ֫רֶם²

† II. חֵ֫רֶם n.m. net (as something perforated; cf. Arabic مُخَرَّمٌ perforated work, Fl in NHWB^{ii. 208}; NH חֵרֶם net; Ph. חרם maker of nets)—abs. ח׳ Mi 7:2; sf. חֶרְמִי Ez 32:3, חֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:15, 16, 17; pl. חֲרָמִים Ec 7:26 Ez 26:5, 14; 47:10;—hunter’s net Mi 7:2 Ec 7:26; fisherman’s net Ez 26:5, 14; 32:3; 47:10 Hb 1:15, 16, 17.

חָרַם²

† II. [חָרַם] vb. slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic خَرَمَ perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear)—
Qal Pt. pass. אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Lv 21:18 (H), v. Di (Kn).

חָרְמָה

† חָרְמָה n.pr.loc. (asylum, cf. Arabic id., Wetzst^{ZKW v. 1884, 115})—a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Nu 14:45 (JE; art. only here v. Di), 21:3 (J) where name expl. from Israel’s devoting Canaanites of Arad to destruction; Jos 15:30; 19:4 (P), Dt 1:44 Jos 12:14 (D), 1 S 30:30 1 Ch 4:30; originally called צְפַת Ju 1:17, where name is said to have been changed to Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to destruction, v. Di Nu 21:3.—On site v. צְפַת.

חֶרְמוֹן

† חֶרְמוֹן n.pr.mont. Hermon (sacred mountain, cf. Sab. מחרם, etc., temple, Arabic حَرَامٌ interior of mosque, حُرْمَةٌ asylum, Wetzst^{ZKW v. 1884, 115} RS^{Sem i. 93; 2nd ed., 94})—the highest peak of Anti-Lebanon range, usually snow-capped, commanding southern Syria & northern Palestine; it is called שִׂיאֹן by the author of Dt 4:48; by the Amorites שְׂנִיר, by the Sidonians שִׂרְיֹן Dt 3:9. It has three peaks; and the names חרמון and שׂניר, distinguished in 1 Ch 5:23 Ct 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks; חֶרְמוֹנִים ψ 42:7 prob. refers to these different peaks (see Rob^{BR iii, 357} Bäd^{Pal. 301}). It is a northern boundary עד הר ח׳ Dt 3:8 Jos 12:1; הר חרמוֹן mount Hermon is used also Jos 11:17; 12:5; 13:5, 11 1 Ch 5:23; but חרמון Jos 11:3 ψ 89:13; 133:3 Ct 4:8. Vid. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן Ju 3:3 1 Ch 5:23 (see Wetzst^{ib. 115}).

חֶרְמוֹנִים

חֶרְמוֹנִים v. foregoing.

חֶרְמֵשׁ

† חֶרְמֵשׁ n.[m.] sickle (on form v. Ges^{§ 85 xii. 55})—Dt 16:9; 23:26.

חָרָן

† I. חָרָן n.pr.loc. city in northern Mesopotamia (Assyrian ḫarrânu = road, path COT^Gloss.; cf. Dl^{Pa 185}; Jensen^{Kosmologie 28} ‘junction of trading-routes’ = cross-roads)—mentioned as city of Abram’s sojourn Gn 11:31, where his father Teraḥ died v 32, and whence he departed for Canaan 12:4, 5; where Laban, Jacob’s uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled 27:43; 28:10 (both חָרָ֫נָה), 29:4; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib 2 K 19:12 = Is 37:12; as place of trade Ez 27:23; Assyrian Ḫarrana (-ni), Schr^COT on Gn 11:31; 27:43 𝔊 Χαρραν. It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), v. Schr^{KG 355, 536}; see further Chwolsohn^{Ssabier i, 303 ff.} Wüstenfeld^{ZMG 1864, 443 f.} Schr^{KG 355, 536} Sachau^{Reise 217 ff.} Mez ^{Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892}.

חָרָן²

† II. חָרָן n.pr.m. son of Caleb of Judah 1 Ch 2:46^(×2); 𝔊 Αρραν, 𝔊L Ωρων (Sab. n.pr. חרן DHM^{Epigr. Dakm. 56}).

חֹרֹנִי

חֹרֹנִי adj.gent. v. id.

חַרְנֶ֫פֶר

† חַרְנֶ֫פֶר n.pr.m. name in tribe of Asher 1 Ch 7:36 = n.pr.loc. v. Be—𝔊 Αναρφαρ, A Αρναφαρ, 𝔊L Αριαφερ.

חרס

חרס (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

חֶ֫רֶס

† I. חֶ֫רֶס n.m. ^{Ju 14:18} sun (NH id.)—abs. ח׳ Jb 9:7 (‖ כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Ju 14:18 (cf. לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but read perhaps הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber Sta^{ZAW 1884, 253 ff.}).

חֶרֶס

III. חֶרֶס, חַרְסִית, חרסות v. sub חרשׂ.

חֶ֫רֶס²

† II. [חֶ֫רֶס] n.pr.loc.
1. abode of Amorites, בְּהַר־חֶרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַׁעַלְבִֿים Ju 1:35, since חֶרֶס sun = שֶׁמֶשׁ, perhaps = בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ 1. (q.v.), so Stu (who proposes עִיר חֶרֶס = עָר), Ke Be Bu^RS17 Öt Bla 𝔊 ἐν τῷ [ὄρει τοῦ] Μυρσινῶνι(-ος) = הַר הֲדַס.
2. place E. of Jordan מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Ju 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres, 𝔊 Αρες; the point whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm read הֶהָרִים (v. Lag^{Onom. 96, 2nd ed. 131}) so SS.—תִּמְנַת־חֶרֶס Ju 2:9 v. sub תִּמְנַת, √ מנה.

חֶ֫רֶס³

† III. [חֶ֫רֶס] n.[m.] an eruptive disease, itch (Aramaic חַרְסָא, ܚܶܪܣܳܐ; also ܚܰܪܘܽܣ rough, etc.)—וּבֶחָ֑רֶס Dt 28:27 (‖ עפלים Kt, גָּרָב),—i, ii. חֶרֶס v. sub חרס.

חרסות

† חרסות Kt, חַרְסִית Qr n.f.coll. potsherd—פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הַחַרְסִ֯ות Je 19:2, designation of a gate in Jerus.; opening of the gate of potsherds, i. e. where they were thrown (vid. v 10, 11 and Gf); it led into the valley of Hinnom; 𝔊 χαρσ(ε)ιθ favours Qr v. Baldensperger^{PEF 1904, 136} on the crushing of potsherds in the Valley of Hinnom.

חרע

חרע (√ of foll.; perhaps cf. Aramaic ܚܪܰܥ Ethpa. be clever, ܚܳܪܥܳܐ shrewd, especially in bad sense; Arabic خَرَعَ split, viii. originate, invent).

חרף

† II. חרף (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَرَفَ gather fruit, pluck).

חָרִף

† חָרִף, חָרִיף n.pr.m. (cf. Arabic خَرِيفٌ autumn, v. חֹרֶף supr.)—
1. חָרִף head of a family of returned exiles Ne 7:24 (𝔊 Αρειφ, 𝔊L Ιωρηε) = יוֹרָה (cf. יוֹרֶה early rain) Ezr 2:18 (𝔊 Ουρα, A Ιωρα, 𝔊L Ωραι).
2. חָרִיף one of those sealed Ne 10:20 𝔊 Αρειφ(α), 𝔊L Αρηφ.

חָרֵף

† חָרֵף (dub. whether from I. or II.) n.pr.m. a chief of the line of Judah 1 Ch 2:51.

חָרַף

† I. [חָרַף] vb. reproach (NH Pi. id.; Aramaic חֲרַף id., ܚܰܪܶܦ sharpen, ܚܰܪܺܝܦ sharp, keen, acute);—
Qal Impf. לֹא־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י Jb 27:6; Pt. sf. חֹרְפִי ψ 119:42 Pr 27:11; חוֹרְפֶיךָ ψ 69:10.
Piel. Pf. חֵרֵף Ju 5:18 + 6 times; חֵרַפְתָּ Is 37:23 + 4 times etc. + 10 times pf.; Impf. יְחָרֵף 2 S 21:21 1 Ch 20:7; וְחָ֫רֶף ψ 74:10 + 2 times sf.; Inf. לְחָרֵף Is 37:4 + 5 times; בְּחָֽרְפָם 2 S 23:9 (but v. infr.); Pt. מְחָרֵף ψ 44:17;—reproach,—proposes say sharp things against,—taunt, c. acc. Ju 8:15 1 S 17:10, 25, 26, 36, 45 2 S 21:21 + 1 Ch 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Pr 14:31; 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Is 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel 2 K 19:4, 16, 22, 23 = Is 37:4, 17, 23, 24 = 2 Ch 32:17 (c. לְ); c. בְּ, Philistines 2 S 23:9 MT (but read בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, n.pr.loc., as 1 Ch 11:13 We Dr); reproach, Ne 6:13 ψ 42:11; 44:17; 55:13; 57:4; 74:10, 18; 79:12; 89:52^(×2); 102:9 Zp 2:8, 10; poet. and fig., despise, scorn, ח׳ נפשׁ למוּת Ju 5:18.

חֹ֫רֶף

† חֹ֫רֶף n.m. harvest-time, autumn (Arabic خَرِيفٌ freshly gathered fruit, autumn (also rain of autumn or beginning of winter) = Sab. חֿרפ(ן) DHM^{ZMG 1875, xxix. 597}; Sab. חֿרף, חֿרפם = year, cf. Ethiopic ኀሪፍ annus currens Os(Levy)^{ZMG 1865, 168, 174} DHM^{ZMG 1883, 369}; Assyrian ḫarpu, Schr^{JPTh 1875, 341} KAT^{2 53 n.} = COT ^{i. 54 n.})—abs. ח׳ Zc 14:8 + 5 times; sf. חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4;—קַיִץ וָחֹרֶף Gn 8:22 (J), ψ 74:17 Zc 14:8; בֵּית הַח׳ autumn-house or palace Am 3:15 Je 36:22 (+ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִי in the 9th month, i.e. Nov.—Dec.); מח׳ עָצֵל לֹא יַחֲרֹשׁ Pr 20:4 a sluggard ploughs not after harvest; as implying maturity, בִּימֵי חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4 in the days of my autumn (prime).

חָרַף²

III. [חָרַף] vb.denom. remain in harvest-time (so Arabic خَرَفَ; Eng. to winter)—only
Qal Impf. 3 fs. כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Is 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.

חָרַף³

† IV. [חָרַף] vb. acquire (cf. Arabic حَرَفَ turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one’s family)—only
Niph. Pt. f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Lv 19:20 (H; cf. NH חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

חֶרְפָּה

† חֶרְפָּה n.f. reproach—ח׳ Gn 34:14 + 35 times; cstr. חֶרְפַּת Jos 5:9 + 15 times; sf. חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ ψ 74:22 etc. + 17 times sfs.; pl. חֲרָפוֹת ψ 69:11 Dn 12:2; cstr. חֶרְפּוֹת ψ 69:10.—
1. taunt of enemy 1 S 17:26; so also 1 S 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Ne 3:36; 5:9 ψ 69:20, 21; 71:13; 89:51; 119:22 Pr 18:3 Is 51:7 Ez 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Je 51:51 Zp 2:8 La 3:61; נתן ח׳ על Je 23:40; נשׂא ח׳ על ψ 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Je 31:19 Ez 36:15 Mi 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא ח׳ על bear reproach for ψ 69:8 Je 15:15 Zp 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Ho 12:15 Ne 3:36; חרף ח׳ ψ 69:10; 79:12; 89:51; הסיר ח׳ מעל 1 S 17:26 Is 25:8; העביר ח׳ ψ 119:39; reproaches against God ψ 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), 74:22; 79:12.
2. reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace: a. sexual 2 S 13:13 Is 47:3 Ez 16:57 Pr 6:33. b. barrenness of womb Gn 30:23 (E) Is 4:1; widowhood Is 54:4. c. hunger Ez 36:30; disease Jb 19:5. d. ritual, uncircumcision Gn 34:14 (P) Jos 5:9 (JE). e. injuries from enemies La 3:30; 5:1 Ne 1:3; 2:17 Jb 16:10 Dn 11:18^(×2).
3. a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man ψ 22:7; ח׳ נבל 39:9; היה ח׳ ל׳ become an object of reproach to 31:12; 79:4; 89:42; 109:25 Ez 5:15; (היה) לח (ל׳) Is 30:5 Je 6:10; 20:8; 42:18; 44:8, 12; 49:13 ψ 69:11 Dn 9:16; 12:2; נתן ח׳ (ל׳) Ez 22:4 Jo 2:19 ψ 78:66; נתן לח׳ Je 24:9; 29:18 Ez 5:14 Jo 2:17; שׂים ח׳ ל׳ ψ 44:14; שׂים ח׳ על 1 S 11:2.

חרץ

II. חרץ be yellow (prob. √ of foll.: Syriac ܚܪܰܥ id. (rare), ܚܰܪܘܽܥܳܐ yellow; cf. Aramaic חריע safflower, Arabic إِحْرِيضٌ id.: v. Nö^{ZMG 1886, 728}, Löw ^{Aramaic Pflanzenn. 218} Kö^{ii 1, 137}).

חָרַץ

† I. חָרַץ vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 502}; Ph. חרץ decision, Hoffm^{AGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11})—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jos 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ 1 K 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Ex 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ 2 S 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Is 10:22 Lv 22:22; pl. חֲרוּצִים Jb 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.)— 1. cut, mutilate Lv 22:22 (עַוֶּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת). 2. sharpen, fig. the tongue, לֹא יֶח׳־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְ Ex 11:7 (J), i.e. utter no sound against Isr., Jos 10:21. 3. decide 1 K 20:40 (abs.); so pt. pass. חרוצים ימיו Jb 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (‖ מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Is 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision 2 S 5:24.
Niph. Pt. נֶחֱרָצָה Is 10:23 + 3 times; נֶחֱרֶצֶת Dn 9:26 (both these forms inf. cstr. according to Ba^{NB 90}); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Is 10:23; 28:22 Dn 9:27 a consumption and strict decision (i.e. that which is strictly determined), כי נ׳ נֶעֱשָׂ֑תָה Dn 11:36; נח׳ שֹׁמֵמוֹת Dn 9:26 strict determining of desolation.

חרצב

חרצב (quadrilit. √ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَضْرَبَ bind or twist powerfully, Frey).

חַרְצֻבָּה

† [חַרְצֻבָּה] n.[f.] bond, fetter, pang, only pl. חַרְצֻבּוֹת;—
1. cstr. ח׳ רֶשַׁע Is 58:6 bonds of wickedness i. e. imposed by wicked men (‖ אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה).
2. pangs (cf. חֶבֶל, חֵבֶל), abs. אֵין ח׳ למותם ψ 73:4 they have no pangs (read לָ֑מוֹ תָּם וגו׳).

חַרְצַנִּים

† חַרְצַנִּים n.m.pl. some insignificant vine-product, usually taken as grape-kernels, grapestones, from acrid taste, so Thes (after Onk Mishn.), v. also זָג p. 260 supr.: מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן מֵח׳ וְעַד־זָג Nu 6:4 of the wine-vine, including both חרצנים and זג, he shall not eat.

חַרְצַנִּים²

חַרְצַנִּים v. sub i. חרץ.

חָרַק

† חָרַק vb. gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (NH id.; Arabic حَرَقَ file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܩ id.)—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jb 16:9; Impf. יַחֲרֹק ψ 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ La 2:16; Inf. abs. חָרֹק ψ 35:16; Pt. חֹרֵק ψ 37:12;—grind the teeth in rage against: ח׳ שׁניו על ψ 37:12; 35:16; abs. without על 112:10 La 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Ges^{§ 119. 3 b. R.} Da^{Synt. § 73 R. 6}) ח׳ בשׁניו על־ Jb 16:9.

חרר

II. חרר (√ of foll.; Arabic حَرَّ be or become free, حُرٌّ free, freeborn; NH חרר Pi. set free, חֹר freeman; Aramaic חֲרַר, ܚܰܪ Pa. set free, חֹרָא, חָרְתָּא freed-man, -woman; Sab. חר freeman, noble(?) DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 57}; Ethiopic ሐራ coll. army, troops (in Amhar. free, noble, according to Di⁸⁵), ሐራዊ free, noble, etc.)

חָרֵר

† [חָרֵר] n.[m.] parched place (Arabic حَرَّاتٌ, Bd^{Pal. 196}), only pl. abs. חֲרֵרִים; ח׳ במדבר Je 17:6 (‖ עֲרָבָה) fig. of life of godless.

חָרַר

† I. [חָרַר] vb. be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرٌّ be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ Aramaic חַר; cf. Assyrian arâru, glow, SASmAsrb. ^{i, p. 97} Belser^{BAS ii, 155})—
Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫רָה Jb 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ez 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Is 24:6;— 1. be hot, scorched, Jerus., under fig. of caldron Ez 24:11. 2. burn = be burned, fig. of men, in י׳’s judgment, Is 24:6. 3. burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Jb 30:30.
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָחָ֑ר Ez 15:4, נִחַר ψ 69:4; 3 pl. נִחָ֑רוּ ψ 102:4 (Kö^{i. 368}); Impf. וַיֵּחָ֑ר Ez 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Ez 24:10 (del. Co B al.) 1. be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Je 6:29 (fig.); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ez 15:4, 5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. id.) Ez 24:10 (v. supr.). 2. burn, of bones in fever ψ 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, cf. Qal Jb 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני 69:4.—Is 41:11; 45:24 Ct 1:6 v. חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Je 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ew Gf Gie al.,—not Du.
Pilp. Inf. לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Pr 26:21 to kindle strife.

חרר²

III. חרר (√ of foll.; v. Assyrian ḫarâru, bore, pierce, ḫurru, hole, ravine Dl^{Pr 150, 182}; Arabic خُرٌْ hole or mouth of millstone; NH חִרְחֵר bore, pierce).

חרשׂ

חרשׂ (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَرَشَ vb. scratch, lacerate, خِرَاشٌ irritation, etc.)

חרשׁ

III. חרשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

חֵרֵשׁ

† חֵרֵשׁ adj. deaf—חֵרֵשׁ (= חִרֵּשׁ) Ex 4:11 + 4 times; pl. חֵרְשִׁים Is 29:18 + 3 times;—deaf, Ex 4:11 (J; ‖ אִלֵּם), ψ 38:14 (‖ id.); also Lv 19:14 (H), Is 29:18; 35:5; 42:18, 19 + v 19 b (for last עִוֵּר, cf. 43:8; Gr^{JQ 1891, Oct. p. 2} v. Che^{Comm., JQ Jan. 1892, 332}), 43:8; פֶּ֫תֶן ח׳ ψ 58:5 a deaf adder.

חֶ֫רֶשׂ

† חֶ֫רֶשׂ n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd, potsherd, P and late (NH חֶרֶס, Aramaic חֲרַס)—abs. ח׳ Lv 6:21 + 9 times, חָ֑רֶשׂ Nu 5:17 + 4 times; pl. cstr. חַרְשֵׂי Is 45:9; sf. חֲרָשֶׂיהָ Ez 23:34.—
1. earthenware: כְּלִי־ח׳ earthen vessel Je 32:14; especially P Lv 6:21; 11:33; 14:5, 50; 15:12; Nu 5:17; without כְּלִי Pr 26:23; cf. בַּקְבֻּק יוֹצֵר ח׳ Je 19:1; לְנִבְלֵי ח׳ La 4:2 they are reckoned as earthen vessels, sim. of sons of Zion; חֶרֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂי אֲדָמָה Is 45:9 a potsherd (perhaps = earthen vessel, v. Pr 26:23 supr.) among earthen potsherds (of men, over against י׳ their potter); sim. of dryness ψ 22:16.
2. a fragment of earthenware, sherd Is 30:14 Ez 23:34; ה׳ לְהִתְגָּרֵד Jb 2:8 a sherd to scrape himself; חַדּוּדֵי ח׳ Jb 41:22 sharpest potsherds, fig. of sharp scales on belly of crocodile.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ

† I. חֶ֫רֶשׁ n. m. as adv. silently, secretly—מְרַגְּלִים ח׳ Jos 2:1 (JE) exploring secretly.

חָרֵשׁ

† II. [חָרֵשׁ] vb.
1. be silent, dumb, speechless; 2. be deaf; chiefly poet. (NH Pi. make deaf; Aramaic ܚܪܶܫ, ܚܪܰܫ be dumb, deaf; Arabic خَرِسَ be dumb, speechless, cf. Assyrian ḫarâšu, restrain, according to Dl^{Pr 100}; v. Lag^{BN 120})—
Qal Impf. יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ ψ 50:3; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרַשׁ ψ 28:1; 83:2; תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ ψ 35:22; 109:1; תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ ψ 39:13; 3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Mi 7:16;— 1. be silent, always of God’s keeping silence when men pray ψ 35:22; 50:3; 83:2; 109:1; sq. אֶל־ 39:13. 2. be deaf, subj. י׳, sq. מִמֶּנִּי ψ 28:1; subj. אָזְנַיִם Mi 7:16.
Hiph. Pf. חֶחֱרִשׁ Nu 30:15 Gn 34:5; וְהֶחֱרִישׁ consec. Nu 30:5, 8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consec. Nu 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Est 7:4 + 2 times etc.; Impf. יַחֲרִישׁ Nu 30:15 + 2 times (incl. Zp 3:17 v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרִישׁ Hb 1:13; juss. תַּחְרֵשׁ 1 S 7:8; 2 mpl. תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Jb 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Ex 14:14, etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵשׁ Ju 18:19 + 2 times; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי 2 S 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Jb 13:13 Is 41:1; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵשׁ Nu 30:15 + 2 times; Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ Gn 24:21 + 2 times (incl. 1 S 10:27 v. infr.); מַחֲרִישִׁים 2 S 19:11;— 1. be silent (= exhibit silence) a. almost always of men Gn 24:21; 34:5 Ex 14:14 (all J), Ju 18:19 2 S 13:20; 19:11 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21, Je 4:19 Jb 6:24; 13:5, 13, 19; 33:31, 33 Pr 11:12; 17:28 ψ 32:3 Ne 5:8 Est 4:14^(×2); 7:4; also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ 1 S 10:27 (but read rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, 𝔊 Dr); יחרישׁ באהבתו Zp 3:17 (𝔊 𝔖 יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, v. especially Buhl^{ZAW v. 1885, 183}); ח׳ c. לְ pers. keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Nu 30:5, 8, 12, 15^(×3) (all P); הח׳ אלי Is 41:1 pregn. = come silently unto me; sq. מִן pers. cease to speak with Je 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, sq. acc. אח׳ בַּדָּיו Jb 41:4. b. rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Hb 1:13 Is 42:14 ψ 50:21. 2. once causat. make silent, c. acc. Jb 11:3. 3. be deaf, shew deafness: אַל־תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק 1 S 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry.
Hithpa. Hithp. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Ju 16:2 and they kept quiet.

חָרַשׁ

† I. [חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise (NH id., plough, so Ethiopic ሐረሰ Ph. חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, ܚܪܰܬ cleave, plough, Arabic حَرَثَ plough)—
Qal Pf. חָֽרְשׁוּ ψ 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Ju 14:18 Ho 10:13; Impf. יַחֲרֹשׁ Is 28:24 Pr 20:4; יַחֲרוֹשׁ Ho 10:11 + Am 6:12 (v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרֹשׁ Dt 22:10 Pr. 3:29; Inf. cstr. חֲרֹשׁ 1 S 8:12; Pt. חֹרֵשׁ Gn 4:22 + 5 times; חוֹרֵשׁ Am 9:13; pl. חֹרְשִׁים ψ 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Jb 4:8 + 3 times, fpl. abs. חֹרְשׁוֹת Jb 1:14; pass. חֲרוּשָׁה Je 17:1:— 1. cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ח׳ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל Gn 4:22 (J), ח׳ נחשׁת 1 K 7:14; fig. ח׳ עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם Je 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart. 2. plough, lit., human subj. (animal usually c. בְּ), no obj. expr. 1 K 19:19 Dt 22:10 Is 28:24, so יַחֲרוֹשׁ בבקרים Am 6:12 (but read prob. יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, v. We al.); c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חֲרִישׁוֹ 1 S 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Pr 20:4; fig. Ju 14:18 Ho 10:11; with ethical ref. ח׳ רֶשַׁע v 13 (‖ קצר), ח׳ אָוֶן Jb 4:8 (‖ זרע, קצר); עַל־גַּבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים ψ 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (fig. of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Is 28:24, Am 9:13 (‖ קוֹצֵר); ח׳ with oxen subj. only Jb 1:14. 3. devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, obj. רָעָה Pr 3:29, רַע 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן v 18, חֹרְשֵׁי רַע Pr 12:20; 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֹב v 22.
Niph. Impf. 3 fs. צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Mi 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Je 26:18.
Hiph. Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַל־ 1 S 23:9 fabricating mischief against (v. Dr, and cf. We).

חָרָשׁ

† חָרָשׁ n.m. ^{Ex 38:23} graver, artificer (Ph. חרש)—abs. ח׳ (= חַרָּשׁ) Ex 35:35 + 14 times; cstr. חָרַשׁ Ex 28:11 + 2 times; pl. חָֽרָשִׁים Ho 13:2 + 7 times; חֲרָשִׁים 1 Ch 4:14^(×2) Ne 11:35 (v. infr.); cstr. חָֽרָשֵׁי 2 S 5:11 + 6 times;—
1. graver, artificer: a. worker in metal 1 S 13:19 Ho 8:6; 13:2 Dt 27:15 Je 10:9 (‖ צֹרֵף), Is 40:19 (‖ id.), 54:16 1 Ch 29:5; ח׳ בַּרְזֶל Is 44:12 2 Ch 24:12; perhaps also Is 41:7 (+ צֹרֵף); appar. = hammerer Zc 2:3 (symbol.). b. worker in wood ח׳ עֵץ 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 (עֵצִים), 2 K 12:12; 22:6 = 2 Ch 34:11, Je 10:3 Is 40:20; 44:13 (v. also 1 Ch 22:15 infr.); perhaps also Ezr 3:7 2 Ch 24:12 (both ‖ חצב). c. worker in stone ח׳ אֶבֶן קִיר 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 (om. אבן); also of engraving on gems ח׳ אבן Ex 28:11 (P; ‖ פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם); see also foll. d. in gen. ח׳ אֶבֶן וָעֵץ 1 Ch 22:15; idol-maker ח׳ צִירִים Is 45:16, cf. 44:11 (also v 12, 13 supr.), 2 K 24:14, 16 Je 24:1; 29:2 (all ‖ מַסְגֵּר), Ex 35:35; 38:23 (both P; both ‖ חֹשֵׁב). In גֵּיא חֲרָשִׁים 1 Ch 4:14, גֵּי הַחֲ׳ Ne 11:35 valley of (the) artificers, and חֲרָשִׁים artificers 1 Ch 4:14, ח has—ֲ exceptionally, v. Ol^{§ 183 a} Kö^{ii § 60. 5}; read חָֽרָשִׁים?
2. fig. ח׳ מַשְׁחִית Ez 21:36 men skilled to destroy.

חֹ֫רֶשׁ

† חֹ֫רֶשׁ n.m. ^{Ez 31:3} wood, wooded height (Assyrian ḫuršu, wooded height COT^Gloss Lyon^{Sargontexte, Gloss} (v. also Dl^{Pr 180} Che^{crit. n. on Is 17, 9}); NH חוֹרֶשׁ wood, forest; Aramaic חוּרְשָׁא id.)—abs. ח׳ Is 17:9 Ez 31:3 (but on both v. infr.); חֹ֫רְשָׁה 1 S 23:16 (v. Dr); בַּחֹ֫רְשָׁה 1 S 23:15, 18, 19; pl. חֳרָשִׁים 2 Ch 27:4;—wooded height 1 S 23:15 (‖ בָּהָר v 14), v 16, 18, so בַּמְּצָדוֹת בַּח׳ בְּגִבְעַת הַחֲכִילָה v 19; וּבֶח׳ בנה בִּירָנִיּוֹת וּמִגְדָּלִים 2 Ch 27:4 and on the wooded heights he built fortresses and towers (‖ בְּהַר יְהוּדָה); עֲזוּבַת הַחֹרֶשׁ וְהָאָמִיר Is 17:9 the forsaken places of the wooded heights and summits Ges Ew De Di RV; but read prob. ע׳ החוי והאמרי forsaken places of the Hivites and the Amorites, so 𝔊 Lag Che Or Brd Du; ח׳ מֵצַל Ex 31:3 shade-giving wood or thicket, of close branches of cedar (but sense hardly legitimate; del. 𝔊 Co).

חרשׁ²

IV. חרשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; suggestions on etym. v. infr.)

חֶ֫רֶשׁ²

† II. [חֶ֫רֶשׁ] n.[m.] magic art or perhaps magic drug (Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܫ practice magic, חָרָשׁ, ܚܰܪܳܫܳܐ magician, ܚܶܪܫܳܐ incantation, magic art, preparation of magic potion, so Ethiopic ሐራሲ one using incantations; ሐረስ, ሐርስ, ሐራs incantation, magic; comp. perhaps Arabic خُرْسٌ, خُرْسَةٌ a medicinal broth given to women in childbed; חֶרֶשׁ perhaps magical drug, v. RS^{JPh. xiv. 1885, 125})—only חֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים Is 3:3 skilled in magic arts, or drugs (‖ נְבוֹן לָ֑חַשׁ), (> others gen. = handicraft).

חֶ֫רֶשׁ³

† III. חֶ֫רֶשׁ n.pr.m. a Levite 1 Ch 9:15 𝔊 Ραραιηλ, A Αρες, 𝔊L Αρης.

חַרְשָׁא

† חַרְשָׁא n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:52 𝔊 Αρησα, 𝔊L Βαασα, = Ne 7:54 𝔊 Αδασα.

חֲרָשִׁים

חֲרָשִׁים v. חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also ii. חֶרֶשׁ.

חֲר֫שֶׁת

† II. חֲר֫שֶׁת n.pr.loc. only in combin. ח׳ הַגּוֹיִם, Ḥarosheth of the nations (v. גּוֹי), Ju 4:2, 13, 16; perhaps mod. el-Ḥariṯîye, on right bank of lower Kishon, v. Thomson^{Land and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff.} Bd^{Pal 241} Be Bla Cooke^{Hist. Deb. 3} GASm^Geog.393.

חֲרֶשֶׂת

חֲרֶשֶׂת v. קִיר־חֲרֶשֶׂת.

חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת

† I. חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת n.f. carving, skilful working, only cstr. חֲרֹשֶׁת עֵץ Ex 31:5; 35:33; ח׳ אֶבֶן 31:5; 35:33.—ii. חֲרֹשֶׁת v. p. 361 infr.

חֶרֶת

† [חֶרֶת] n.pr.loc., only in יַעַר חָ֑רֶת 1 S 22:5.

חָרַת

† [חָרַת] vb. grave, engrave, only
Qal Pt. pass. חָרוּת עַל הַלֻּחֹת Ex 32:16 (E), engraved upon the tablets (by finger of God), but from absence of ‖ in cogn. lang. (Arabic خَرَتَ is perforate, bore, slit) prob. error for חָרוּשׁ (Je 17:1).

חֵ֫שֶׁב

† חֵ֫שֶׁב n.m. ingenious work, name of the girdle or band of the ephod (cunningly woven band, RV), only P; always in combin., ח׳ האפ(ו)ד Ex 28:27, 28; 29:5; 39:20, 21 Lv 8:7; ח׳ אֲפֻדָּתוֹ Ex 28:8; 39:5.

חָשַׁב

† חָשַׁב vb. think, account (NH id.; Aramaic חֲשַׁב, ܚܫܶܒ Arabic حَسَبَ; Ethiopic ሐሰበ: id.; Ph. n. חשב meaning dub. v. CIS^{i. 86})—
Qal Pf. ח׳ Is 33:8 + 9 times; חָשַׁבְתָּה 2 S 14:13 etc.; Impf. יַחְשֹׁב Is 10:7 + 4 times; יַחֲשָׁב־ 2 S 19:20 ψ 40:18; sf. יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Jb 19:11; 33:10; pl. יַחְשְׁבוּ ψ 41:8 Dn 11:25; יַחְשֹׁ֑בוּ Is 13:17; יַחֲשֹׁבוּן ψ 35:20; נַחְשְׁבָה Je 18:18, etc. + 9 times Impf.; inf. cstr. לַחְשֹׁב Ex 31:4 + 3 times; Pt. חֹשֵׁב Ex 26:1 + 15 times, חוֹשֵׁב 2 Ch 26:15; חֹשְׁבִים Ne 6:2 + 3 times, חֹשְׁבֵי Mi 2:1 + 3 times;— I. of man: 1. think, account לבבו לא כן יחשׁב Is 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֹ Mal 3:16 those thinking of his name; sq. 2 acc. חשׁבנהו נגוע Is 53:4 we thought him stricken; elsewhere c. acc. + לְ Gn 38:15 (J), 1 S 1:13 Jb 19:15; 35:2; 41:24; so, fig., of crocodile Jb 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw. 2. devise, plan, mean, c. acc. מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Ez 38:10, רעה ψ 35:4; 140:3 Zc 7:10; 8:17, תַּהְפֻּכ֑וֹת Pr 16:30, מְזִמּוֹת ψ 10:2; 21:12, דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת ψ 35:20, אָוֶן Mi 2:1 Ez 11:2 ψ 36:5, הַוּוֹת ψ 52:4; ח׳ רע(ה) על devise evil against Gn 50:20 (E), Je 48:2 Na 1:11, ח׳ רעה לְ ψ 41:8, ח׳ מַחֲשֶׁבֶת על Je 11:19; 18:11, 18; 49:30 Dn 11:25 Est 8:3; 9:25, ח׳ כזאת על 2 S 14:13; c. inf. 1 S 18:25 Je 18:8; 23:27 Jb 6:26 Ne 6:2, 6 Est 9:24 ψ 140:5; c. לבלתי + Impf. 2 S 14:14 (reading חוֹשֵׁב for וְחָשַׁב and taking man as subj. We Dr; in this case לבלתי carries on לֹא יִשָּׂא). 3. count, reckon ח׳ עון ל׳, 2 S 19:20 ψ 32:2 reckon iniquity to. 4. esteem, value, regard, silver Is 13:17, a man Is 33:8, the servant of י׳ Is 53:3. 5. invent ingenious and artistic things, ח׳ להם כלי שׁיר Am 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music; ח׳ (כל) מחשׁבת invent cunning work (of artistic devices in constr. of tabern.) Ex 31:4; 35:32, 35 (all P), so 2 Ch 2:13; מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in weaving; see especially VB and Di) Ex 26:1, 31; 28:6, 15; 36:8, 35; 39:3, 8 (all P); מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֹשֵׁב 2 Ch 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war); חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman (in constr. of tabern., vid. supr.) Ex 35:35; 38:23 (P). II. of God: 1. think, c. acc. pers. + לְ indirect obj. account one לאויב, for an enemy Jb 13:24; 33:10; ח׳ לוֹ כצריו Jb 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries. 2. devise, plan, mean, c. acc. + ל indirect obj. לטבה for good Gn 50:20 (E); c. ל pers. לִי devise for me ψ 40:18; acc. rei + עַל, devise something against a person Mi 2:3 Je 18:11; towards one Je 29:11, c. אל against Je 49:20; 50:45; sq. inf. Je 26:3; 36:3 La 2:8. 3. count, reckon c. acc. rei + ל pers., the habit of believing in י׳ he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Gn 15:6 (JE; cf. Niph. 3); not reckon iniquity to one ψ 32:2.
Niph. Pf. נֶחְשַׁב Nu 18:27, 30, נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי ψ 88:5 etc. + 10 times Pf.; Impf. יֵחָשֵׁב Lv 7:18 + 7 times, etc., + 6 times Impf.; Pt. נֶחְשָׁב Is 2:22 1 K 10:21 2 Ch 9:20:— 1. be accounted, thought, esteemed, c. כְּ as Ho 8:12 Is 5:28; 29:16; 40:15 ψ 44:23 Jb 18:3; 41:21; c. לְ Is 29:17 = 32:15, La 4:2; עִם with, among ψ 88:5, בַּמֶּה Is 2:22 at what (value)? (v. prob. interpol.; om. 𝔊); c. acc. Dt 2:11, 20 Pr 17:28 Ne 13:13; נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ Gn 31:15 (E; 𝔊 Sam כְּנֶח׳) Is 40:17. 2. be computed, reckoned, c. לְ Jos 13:3 (D), עַל Lv 25:31 (P), 2 S 4:2: abs. כסף was not counted (so plentiful was it) 1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20 2 K 22:7. 3. be imputed to any one, c. לְ Lv 7:18 Nu 18:27, 30 (all P), Lv 17:4 (H) Pr 27:14; the interposition of Phinehas נח׳ לוֹ לצדקה ψ 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness (cf. Qal II 3).
Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִשַּׁב Lv 25:27 + 4 times; f. חִשְּׁבָה Jon 1:4; 1 s. חִשַּׁבְתִּי ψ 77:6; 119:59; Impf. יְחַשֵּׁב Pr 16:9 Dn 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Na 1:9, etc., + 4 times Impf.; Pt. מְחַשֵּׁב Pr 24:8:— 1. think upon, consider, be mindful of, c. acc. ψ 77:6; 119:59, (מה) בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ (מה) ψ 144:3 what (is) man’s son, and thou thinkest upon him (‖ תֵּדָעֵהוּ). 2. think to do, devise, plan. c. acc. Pr 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Ho 7:15 Na 1:9, עַל Dn 11:24; c. inf. ψ 73:16 Pr 24:8; so of inanim. object הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Jon 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up. 3. count, reckon, the years since a sale of land Lv 25:27 (H); c. לְ pers. Lv 25:52 (H), 27:18, 23 (P); c. עִם Lv 25:50 (P); c. אֶת 2 K 12:16.
Hithp. Impf. בַּגּוֹיִם לֹא יִתְחַשָּׁ֑ב Nu 23:9 (JE) among the nations it shall not reckon itself.

חַשְׁבַּדָּנָה

† חַשְׁבַּדָּנָה n.pr.m. (etym. dub.)—one of those who stood with Ezra at the reading of the law Ne 8:4; B om.; A Ασαβααμα, 𝔊L Αβαανας.

חֲשֻׁבָה

† חֲשֻׁבָה n.pr.m. (consideration)—son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:20; 𝔊 Ασουβε, 𝔊L Αασαβαθ.

חִשָּׁבוֹן

† [חִשָּׁבוֹן] n.m. device, invention (cf. Lag^{BN 200})—only pl. abs. חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת; עָשָׂה הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָאָדָם יָשָׁר וְהֵמָּה בִקְשׁוּ חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת רַבִּים Ec 7:29 God made mankind upright but they sought out many devices; וַיַּעַשׂ חִשְּׁבֹנוֹת מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חֹוֹשֵׁב 2 Ch 26:15 and he made contrivances (i.e. engines of war for hurling stones and arrows, see v b) the invention of inventive men.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן

† I. חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.m. reckoning, account (NH Aramaic id.) Ec 9:10, בקּשׁ ח׳ Ec 7:25, מצא ח׳ Ec 7:27.