Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלֵם — שָׁמֵן

שָׁלֵם

[שָׁלֵם₁₀₃] vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb ³⁷⁶ GACooke ^{99, also 81, 111, etc.}; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace Hom^{Chr 124}, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di ³²² security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb ³⁷⁶, especially = submission, in n.pr. RS^Sem. ^{79 f.}; Bondi ⁷⁰ (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Is 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Jb 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם 1 K 7:51 + 2 times;— 1. be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 K 7:51 = 2 Ch 5:1; walls of city Ne 6:15; of time Is 60:20. 2. be sound, uninjured, Jb 9:4.
Pi.₈₉ Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Lv 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Je 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Ex 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Lv 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3 ψ 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Ex 21:36 +; cstr. id. Pr 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Dt 7:10 +, etc.;— †1. complete, finish, temple 1 K 9:25. †2. make safe, c. acc. Jb 8:6. 3. make whole or good, restore thing lost Jo 2:25, or stolen Ex 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 K 4:7 ψ 37:21 Pr 22:27; Jb 41:3; make compensation, for injury Lv 24:18, 21 (P); for trespass in sacred things 5:16 (P). 4. make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Dt 23:22; 2 S 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) ψ 50:14; 66:13; 116:14, 18; obj. om. 76:12; abs. Is 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God ψ 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Ho 14:3 (v. p. 830b). 5. requite, recompense, reward, good 1 S 24:20; Ru 2:12; evil Is 65:6; Je 51:56; c. ל pers. Dt 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Je 51:24; אל pers. Jb 21:19; acc. rei Pr 20:22; Je 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18^(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Jb 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Jo 4:4; עַל חֵיק Is 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Je 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works 2 S 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. ψ 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J) ψ 35:12; 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי).
Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם ψ 65:2 Je 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Pr 11:31; 13:13;— 1. be performed, of vow ψ 65:2. 2. be repaid, requited, Je 18:20; Pr 11:31; 13:13.
Hiph. 1. complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Jb 23:14; Is 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v 28. 2. make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Is 38:12, 13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

שָׁלַם

† [שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;—
Qal Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Jb 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי ψ 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי 2 S 20:19, read שָׂמוּ Ew^{G iii.264} Ges ^{130 f.N.4} Dr (cf. We).
Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Is 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so Che^Hpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי).
Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Jos 10:4; 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Is 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Pr 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 K 22:45, etc.;— 1. make peace with, אֶת, Jos 10:1, 4; 2 S 10:19 = 1 Ch 19:19 (עִם); עִם Dt 20:12 1 K 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Jos 11:19 submitting unto. 2. cause to be at peace, אֶת, Pr 16:7.
Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Jb 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

שִׁלֵּם²

† II. שִׁלֵּם n.pr.m. in Naphtali Gn 46:24; Nu 26:49; Συλλημ, Σελλη(μ).

שָׁלֵם²

† I. שָׁלֵם adj. complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Gn 15:16 +; pl. שְׁלֵמִים Gn 34:21; Na 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Dt 25:15 +; pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת 27:6 Jos 8:31;—
1. complete: a. full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Dt 25:15; Pr 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Dt 25:15; of עָוֹן Gn 15:16 (JE); number of captives Am 1:6, 9; of army Na 1:12 (text corrupt; 𝔊 משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; v. Comm.); of reward Ru 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Dt 27:6; Jos 8:31 (cf. law Ex 20:25). b. finished: i.e. hewn stones 1 K 6:7; temple 2 Ch 8:16.
2. safe, unharmed, of pers. Gn 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, cf. בשׁלום 28:21; not n.pr.loc. as Vrss).
3. in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Gn 34:21 (P); לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, 1 K 8:61; 11:4; 15:3, 14; c. אֶל 2 Ch 16:9, אֶל om. 2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 (לֵב), 1 Ch 12:38; 29:19; 2 Ch 15:17; 19:9; 25:2; לֵב 1 Ch 28:9; 29:9.

שָׁלֵם³

† II. שָׁלֵם n.pr.loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Gn 14:18, cf. (poet.) ψ 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); v. Jos^{Ant. i, 10, 2}; 𝔊 Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.

שַׂלְמָא

שַׂלְמָא i. שַׂלְמָה v. שַׂלְמוֹן.

שְׁלֹמֹה

שְׁלֹמֹה₂₉₃ n.pr.m. Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, 𝔊L mostly Σολομων; cf. Lag^{BN 53, 96});—king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba 2 S 12:24; 1 K 1:11 + [name 2 times S; 162 times K; 109 times Ch; 7 times Ezr Ne]; born in Jerus. 2 S 5:14; 1 Ch 3:5; 14:4; designated by D. as successor, anointed and proclaimed before D.’s death 1 K 1:30, 33, 34, 39 +; king after D.’s death 1 K 2:12, 17; 1 Ch 29:28; 2 Ch 1:1 + [phr. הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁ׳ 1 K 1:34 + 36 times K, 11 times Ch, Je 52:20; Ct 3:9, 11; שׁ׳ הַמּ׳ 1 K 2:17; 12:2; 1 Ch 29:24; 2 Ch 10:2; שׁ׳ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה 1 K 12:23; 2 Ch 11:3, מ׳ יִשׂ׳ 2 K 23:13; 24:13; 2 Ch 30:26; 35:3; Ne 13:26]; builder of temple 1 K 5:22; 6:1, 2; 1 Ch 5:26 + often; wise 1 K 3:10; 5:9, 10, 14; 10:1, 2, 3, 4; 2 Ch 1:7, 11 +; author of proverbs (and songs) according to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳ 1:1; 10:1; 25:1 (cf. 1 K 5:12, 13), v. also לִשׁ׳ ψ 72:1; 127:1 (titles), Ct 1:1 (title); of written provision for priests, etc. 2 Ch 35:4, cf. 8:14 Ne 12:45; elsewhere (outside of K Ch) name occurs †Je 52:20; Ct 1:5 (Wkl ^{Altor. Forsch. ii. 196} proposes Šalmaites, Nab. שלמו Lzb ³⁷⁶, cf. Levy ^{TW ii.489} Jastr ¹⁵⁸⁷), 3:7, 9, 11; 8:11, 12, and in phr. בְּנֵי עַדֵי שׁ׳ Ezr 2:55, 58 = Ne 7:57, 60; Ne 11:3.

שִׁלֻּמָה

† [שִׁלֻּמָה] n.f. requital, retribution;—cstr. שִׁלֻּמַת ψ 91:8.

שַׂלְמָה

II. שַׂלְמָה = שִׂמְלָה v. sub שׂמל.

שַׂלְמָה²

† II. שַׂלְמָה n.f.id.(transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—abs. שׂ׳ Ex 22:8 +, cstr. שַׂלְמַת v 25; sf. שַׂלְמָתוֹ Dt 24:13; pl. שְׂלָמוֹת Jos 9:5 +, sf. שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם v 13, etc.;—garment (of man or [Ct 4:11] woman): outer garment Ex 22:8, 25 (E), Jos 9:5, 13 (JE), Dt 24:13; 1 K 11:29, 30 ψ 104:2 (fig.); in gen. clothes (pl.) Dt 29:4; Ne 9:21; Jb 9:31; Ct 4:11; as costly gifts 1 K 10:25 = 2 Ch 9:24; as booty Jos 22:8 (late).—Mi 2:8 read prob. שֹׁלְמֹה (Roorda, RS^{Proph. vii. N. 4}), or שֹׁלְמִים (We Now GASm), him (those) at pease (with him), cf. 𝔊𝔖.

שַׂלמוֹן

† שַׂלמוֹן n.pr.m. father of Boaz Ru 4:21 (𝔊 Σαλμαν, A 𝔊L -μων), = שַׂלְמָה v 20 (𝔊 id.; read prob. -מוֹן), hence שַׂלְמָא 1 Ch 2:11^(×2) (Σαλμων), also (as father of Bethlehem, on identity v. Be Now^Ruth) v 51, 54 (Σαλωμων, 𝔊L Σαμ(α)α)—? read שַׂלְמוֹן in all.

שְׁלֹמוֹת

† שְׁלֹמוֹת i. שְׁלֹמִית (שְׁלוֹ׳ Ezr 8:10) n.pr.m.
1. Levites: a. -מוֹת 1 Ch 24:22^(×2); 26:26; -מִית v 28; 23:18; -מות 26:25 Kt, -מִית Qr. Σαλωμωθ, 𝔊L Σαλωμιθ. b. -מות 1 Ch 23:9 Kt, -מִית Qr. Αλωθειμ, Σαλωμ(ε)ιθ.
2. -מִית son (appar.) of Rehob. 2 Ch 11:20, Εμμωθ, A Σαλημωθ, 𝔊L Σαλωμιθ.
3. -מִית head of post-ex.. family Ezr 8:10, Σαλειμουθ, etc.

שְׁלֹמִי

† שְׁלֹמִי n.pr.m. in Asher, Nu 34:27; Σελεμ(ε)ι.

שִׁלֵּמִי

† שִׁלֵּמִי adj.gent. as n. coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:49.

שַׂלְמַי

† שַׂלְמַי n.pr.m. head of post-ex. family;—שׁ׳ Ezr 2:46 Qr (Kt. שׂמלי [cf. NH n.pr. שִׂמְלַי Dalman, Liḥy. שמל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. Ar. No. 13}]; so Baer; van d. H. Gi Qr שַׁלְמַי; Σαμααν, A𝔊L Σελαμ(ε)ι) = שַׂלְמָ֑י Ne 7:48 (Σελαμει; א Σαμαει).

שְׁלֻמִיאֵל

† שְׁלֻמִיאֵל n.pr.m. in Simeon Nu 1:6; 2:12; 7:36, 41; 10:19; Σαλαμιηλ.

שֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּ)

† שֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּ) n.pr.m.
1. Jeremiah’s time; Σελεμιου (genit.): a. -יָ֫הוּ Je 36:14. b. יָ֫הוּ v 26. c. -יָה 37:3, -יָהוּ 38:1. d. -יָה 37:13.
2. Levite, -יָהוּ 1 Ch 26:14, τῷ Σαλαμεια, etc., = שַׁלּוּם 12 a, q.v.
3. post-ex. names: a. -יָה Ne 3:30, Τελεμια(ς), 𝔊L Σελ´. b. -יָה Ne 13:13, priest, Σελεμια(ς) (= c or d?). c. -יָה Ezr 10:39, Σελεμια. d. -יָהוּ v 41, 𝔊 id.

שְׁלֹמִית

† II. שְׁלֹמִית n.pr.f. Σαλ(ω)μιθ, etc.:
1. in Israel Lv 24:11.
2. daughter of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:19.

שַׁלְמָן

† שַׁלְמָן (van d. H. -מַן) n. pr.m. vel loc. (cf. Palm. n.pr. שלמן GACooke²⁹⁹; Ph. n.pr. div. שלמן Lzb³⁷⁷ GACooke⁴²; Assyrian Salamanu, of Moabit. prince COT Ho 10:14; n. pr. div. Šulmanu, v. foll.);—בְּשֹׁד שׁ׳ בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל Ho 10:14, Σαλαμαν (cf. also Field^{Hex. ii. 957});—dub., We Now think = foll. (and cl. ins. after Hosea’s time), cf. also Marti; others cp. Moabitish prince, v. supra; Spiegelberg^{ZA xiii (1898), 120 f.} suggests n.pr.loc., cp. Ša-ra-ma-na in Egyptian

שַׁלְמֹן

† [שַׁלְמֹן] n.[m.] reward, bribe;—pl. שַׁלְמֹנִים Is 1:23 (‖ שֹׁחַד).

שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר

† שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר n.pr.m. king of Assyria (proposes -אסרד, = Assyrian Šulman-ašaridu, ‘(God) Šulman is chief,’ Schr^{ZK ii (1885), 197 ff.} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 79});—2 K 17:3 = 18:9; Σαλ(α)μανασ(σ)αρ, 𝔙 Salmanasar. This was שׁ׳ V, b.c. 727—722, Say^{Hast DB s. v.} Johns^{Ency. Bib. s. v.}.

שִׁלֹנִי

שִׁלֹנִי v. sub שִׁלוֹ.

שֵׁלָנִי

† שֵׁלָנִי adj.gent. of foreg.: c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:20 (P). So read also 1 Ch 9:5; Ne 11:5, v. שִׁילֹנִי.

שֵׁלָנִי²

שֵׁלָנִי v. ii. שֵׁלָה.

שֶׁ֫לֶף

† [שֶׁ֫לֶף] n.pr.m. son of Joḳṭan;—שָׁ֑לֶף Gn 10:26 = 1 Ch 1:20; Σαλεφ; identif. by Os^{ZMG xi (1857), 153 f.} with S. Arabic tribe سُلَف, cf. Mordtm^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 228} Glaser^{Skizze ii. 425} Hom^{Chr 70}, and v. Di Dr.

שָׁלַף

† שָׁלַף vb. draw out, off (NH id., loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); Assyrian šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aramaic שְׁלַף draw sword, draw off shoe, ܫܠܰܦ draw sword, in Lexx. remove corselet; Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, سَلَبَ strip, plunder, etc.);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ju 3:22 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלֹף Ru 4:8, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁלֹף Ju 9:54 +; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵף 8:10 +, etc.; pass. f. שְׁלוּפָה Nu 22:23 +;— 1. draw out sword from (מִן) wound Ju 3:22, cf. Jb 20:25; usually sword from sheath Ju 8:20; 9:54; 1 S 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ 1 S 17:51; וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ Nu 22:23, 31; Jos 5:13 (all J), 1 Ch 21:16; elsewhere אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח׳ coll. Ju 8:10; 20:2, 15, 17, 46; 2 S 24:9 2 K 3:26 1 Ch 21:5^(×2), cf. Ju 20:35 and (שֹׁלְפֵי ח׳) v 25. 2. draw off sandal Ru 4:7, 8 (cf. I. חלץ 1; also RS^{K 269} Dr Dt 25:9 Bewer^{SK lxxvi (1903), 332}). 3. shoot up (?), i.e. draw out blade, of grass on roof ψ 129:6 (cf. Ew Bae al.); Che Dr is unsheathed (vb. c. subj. indef. = pass.), with same meaning; Hup-Now proposes שָׁלֵם (with ‖ in Syriac); v. Ortenberg^{Textkritik d. Ps. (1861), 30} שֶׁחָלָף, We^Hpt Du חֲלֹף (as 90:5, 6, v. ח׳ 2).

שָׂלַק

† [שָׂלַק] vb. kindle, burn (Ecclus 43:4^margin הִסִּיק, v 21, 23 הִשִּׂיק, burn; Aramaic (also Biblical Aramaic) סְלַק ascend, Aph. cause to go up (in flame), offer sacrifice; ܣܠܶܩ, Palm. סלק, ascend);—
Niph. Pf. 3 fs. אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָה בְיַעֲקֹב ψ 78:21 a fire was kindled against Jacob.
Hiph. make a fire, burn: Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִשִּׂיקוּ, c. ב rei Ez 39:9; Impf. 3 ms. abs. יַשִּׂיק Is 44:15 (both ‖ בִּעֵר).

שִׁלֵּשׁ

† I. [שִׁלֵּשׁ] Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc.;—Pf. 2 ms. וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֫ Dt 19:3 divide land into three parts (so Impf. וַיְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת־הָעָם [for MT וַיְשַׁלַּח] 2 S 18:2 𝔊L Bu); 1 S 20:19 stay three days (cf. Dr); v 20 We Dr al. (cf. 𝔊) read אֲשַׁלֵּשׁ בַּ׳ (for שְׁלשֶׁת הַ׳) = I will shoot on the third day with the arrows (HPS qu.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְשַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ 1 K 18:34, and Imv. mpl. שַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ v 34 do a third time. Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּשׁ three years old Gn 15:9 + 1 S 1:24 (read with 𝔊 Th We etc. בְּפַר מְשֻׁלָּשׁ for בְּפָרִם שְׁלשָׁה), f. מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת Gn 15:9^(×2); הַחוּט הַמְשֻׁלָּשׁ Ec 4:12 the threefold cord; fpl. מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת Ez 42:6 three-storied chambers.

שֶׁ֫לֶשׁ

† שֶׁ֫לֶשׁ (van d. H. שֵׁ֫לֶשׁ) n.pr.m. in Asher, 1 Ch 7:35, Ζεμη,, A Σελλης, 𝔊L Σελεμ.

שָׁלשׁ

שָׁלשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלשָׁה n.m. et f. a three, triad (NH id.; שלש SI²; שלשן 30 MI²; Ph. שלש; Assyrian šalšu. šalaštu; Sab. שלתֿ Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, but also תֿלתֿ, etc., id.^{47; A. u. A. ii. 175} Sab Denkm^{No. 31, 8}; Arabic ثَلَاثٌ, ثَلَاثَةٌ; Ethiopic ሠላስ: ሠለስቱ Aramaic תְּלָתָא, ܬܠܳܬܳܐ; Nab. תלת Lzb³⁷⁷; Palm. תלת (in תלת מאה) Reckend^{ZMG xiii (1888), 408}; v. also Kö^{ii. 1. 208});—m. שָׁלשׁ (-וֹשׁ rare, chiefly late), c. n.f. Am 4:8 + 90 times, also cstr. שְׁלשׁ Gn 18:6 + 65 times (but 38:24 read perhaps שְׁלשֶׁת Sam., cf. Di al.), שְׁלָשׁ־ Ex 21:11; f. שְׁלשָׁה (-וֹשָׁה rare, chiefly late), c. n.m. Gn 6:10 + 149 times, also cstr. שְׁלשֶׁת Am 4:4 + 92 times (3 + 10 = 13 are additional; on rare exceptions to rule of gender cf. Ges^{§ 97c}), sf. שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶם Nu 12:4, שְׁלָשְׁתָּם v 4 Ez 40:10; 41:16;—three (Hex chiefly P):
1. no other num.: a. bef. n. pl., שָׁלשׁ 51 times, e.g. שׁ׳ אַמּוֹת Ex 27:1 +, שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה †1 K 7:27, שְׁלשָׁה 90 times, e.g. Gn 18:2 + (so always שְׁלשׁ, שְׁלשֶׁת; read מִשְׁלשֶׁת Gn 38:24 Sam Di; = מִשְּׁ׳, from מִן־); after n. (late: on 1 S 1:24 v. [שִׁלֵּשׁ]) 1 Ch 25:5 + 17 times; n. om. 1 S 17:14; 2 S 24:12 = 42 times b. = ordin. לִשׁ׳ יָמִים Ex 19:15 on third day; הַיּוֹם שׁ׳ הַיָּמִים 1 S 9:20, [יָמִים] הַיּוֹם שְׁ׳ 30:13 = three days ago; especially בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ לְ 1 K 15:28 + 7 times (Ges^se⃜jct; ^{134 o}).
2. 13, c. n.f.: שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Gn 17:25 1 K 7:1 + (as ordin.) Gn 14:4 (†שְׁלשׁ־), Je 1:2; 25:3; before ערים Jos 21:19; after, 19:6 + 3 times, before עִיר Jos 21:33; 1 Ch 6:45, אַמּוֹת Ez 40:11; c. n.m. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר before פָּרִים Nu 29:14; after, v 13; ordin. before יוֹם Est 3:12; 9:1; after, v 17; יוֹם om. 3:13; 8:12; 9:18; נוֹרָל om. 1 Ch 24:13; 25:20; 26:11.
3. 300 = שְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת Gn 5:22 + 59 times (1 Ch 11:11 perhaps intentional change [HPS^Sm] from שְׁמֹנֶה ‖ 2 S 23:8, which certainly orig., Vrss Th We Dr and mod.); 3000 = שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Ex 32:28 + 28 times
4. c. tens, שׁ׳ foll. Nu 1:43 + 11 times, precedes Lv 12:4 + 17 times, + (as ordin.) 3 + 20 Je 52:30 + 3 times; 20 + 3 2 K 12:7 + 2 times
5. as round, or conventional, no.: 2 (or) 3, Am 4:8; Dt 17:6; Jos 7:3; 2 K 9:32; Is 17:6; 3 (and) 4, Pr 30:15, 18, 21, 29; three days’ journey Ex 3:18; 5:3; 8:23, etc.

שׁלשׁ

שׁלשׁ (√ of following; meaning unknown; conj. in Dietr^{Wortforsch. 229 n.}; cf. Lag^{BN 173}).

שִׁלֵּשׁ²

† II. [שִׁלֵּשׁ] adj. pertaining to the third;—only m.pl. as subst. שִׁלֵּשִׁים those of third generation (grandsons); בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Gn 50:23 (E) sons of those of third generation, i.e. great-grandsons (v. Kö^{SK 1898, 533ff.}); עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שׁ׳ וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים Ex 20:5 (E; v. [רִבֵּעַ]) = Dt 5:9; Nu 14:18; cf. Ex 34:7 (both J).

שִׁלְשָׁה

† שִׁלְשָׁה n. pr. m. in Asher, 1 Ch 7:37, Σαλεισα, 𝔊L Σελεμσαν.

שָׁלִ֫שָׁה

† שָׁלִ֫שָׁה n.pr.loc. doubtful;—אֶרֶץ־שׁ׳ 1 S 9:4, B 𝔊L Σελχα, A Σαλισσα;? cf. בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה 2 K 4:42.

שְׁלשִׁים

שְׁלשִׁים (very seldom שְׁלשִׁם, שְׁלוֹשׁים)₁₇₄ n. indecl. thirty;—
1. bef. n. sg.: אַמָּה Gn 6:15 + 3 times, +, c. בָּאַמָּה Ex 26:8 + 3 times; שָׁנָה 2 S 5:4 + 12 times (age of paternity, of Levitical or royal duty, etc.), אִישׁ Ju 14:19 + 3 times, etc.; bef. n.pl. בָּנִים Ju 10:4; 12:9, אֲנָשִׁים Je 38:10 (read here prob. שְׁלשָׁה Ew Hi Gf al.), less common words Ez 40:17 Ezr 1:9, 10, etc.; after n. pl. Gn 32:16, שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Ez 41:6; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף 1 Ch 23:3 +, שׁ׳ אֲלָפִים Ezr 2:35; Ne 7:38; שׁ׳ foll. units Gn 11:12 + 14 times, precedes 1 K 22:42 + 29 times; שׁ׳ foll. 100 (1000, etc.) Gn 5:5 + 15 times, precedes 5:3 + 21 times
2. as ordin. (בִּ)שְׁנַת שׁ׳ וְּאַחַת שָׁנָה לְ 1 K 16:23, cf. v 29 + 4 times; שָׁנָה om. Ne 5:14 + 4 times; שְׁנַת om. 2 K 25:27 = Je 52:31; בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה alone Ez 1:1.—1 S 13:5 read שְׁלשֶׁת 𝔊L We Dr al.; 2 S 23:13 read שְׁלשָׁה Qr Vrss Th and mod.; 1 Ch 11:11 read הַשְּׁלשֶׁת, הַשְּׁלשָׁה 𝔊L Kit Benz al. (so ‖ 2 S 23:8 for הַשָּׁלִשִׁי).

שִׁלְשֹׁם

† שִׁלְשֹׁם and (less often) שִׁלְשׁוֹם ₂₅ adv. = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday (Kö^{ii. 1. 255 f.} Lag^{BN 20 Anm.} Ba^{NB § 216b});—in phr. תְּמוֹל שׁ׳ Ex 5:8 yesterday (and) day before, idiomat. for hitherto, so Ru 2:11, אֶתְמוֹל שׁ׳ 1 S 4:7; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Gn 31:2, 5 (E), Ex 5:7, 14 (J), 2 K 13:5, cf. 1 S 14:21; 19:7; גַּם־ת׳ גַּם־שׁ׳ Ex 4:10 (J), 2 S 3:17; 1 Ch 11:2, cf. 2 S 5:2; מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ from aforetime, previously Ex 21:29, 36 (E), Dt 4:42; 19:4, 6; Jos 4:18 (J), 3:4; 20:5 (both R), cf. 1 S 10:11; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ 1 S 21:6 as formerly (but Bu מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ = for some days).—שׁ׳ Pr 22:20 Kt is difficult; Qr שָׁלִשִׁים (v. iii. שָׁלִישׁ) is imposs.; supply perhaps תְּמוֹל have I not written to thee heretofore, etc.?

שַׁלְתִּיאֵל

† שַׁלְתִּיאֵל n. pr. m. (= שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל Thes Buhl);—father of Zerub. Hg 1:12, 14; 2:2; Σαλαθιηλ.

שֵׁם

I. שֵׁם₈₆₄ n.m. 2 S 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, cf. Ba^{ZMG xii (1887), 635}; Lag^{BN 160} ושּׁם, Arabic وَسَمَ brand, mark, cf. RS^{K 213, 303 ff.} Köii^{. 1. 104}; NH = BH (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה), Ph. שם Lzb ³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sab. סם Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic ስmም Arabic إِسْمٌ, أُسْمٌ, سِمٌ, سُمٌ, Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Kö^{ii. 1. 512}), ܫܶܡ, ܫܡܳܐ, Old Aramaic, Palm. שם Lzb ³⁷⁷);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 6:4 +; cstr. שׁ׳ Gn 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁם־ 1 S 8:2 +; sf. שְׁמִי Ex 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Gn 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1 K 18:31 +, etc.; pl. שֵׁמוֹת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Gn 2:20 +; cstr. שְׁמוֹת Ex 6:16 +, sf. שְׁמוֹתָם Nu 13:4 +, שְׁמוֹתָן Ez 23:4^(×2);—name:
1. of river Gn 2:11, 13, 14, beasts v 19, 20, city 26:33 (all J) +; שׁ׳ היּוֹם †Ez 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ אֶת־עֶצֶם הַיּ׳ הַזֶּה).
2. a. usually of pers.: Gn 4:17, 19^(×2) (J) +; as signif. 1 S 25:25, cf. Pr 21:24; especially in phr. וַיְהִי אִישׁ … וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה 1 S 1:1, cf. 9:1, 2, Je 37:13 + 28 times; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֹ 1 S 17:4, cf. Zc 6:12 + 5 times (cf. in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); freq. c. קָרָא (q.v. 5 e, 6; Niph. 2, Pu.; note here, נִקְרָא שׁ׳ עַל in token of ownership 2 S 12:28 (v. Dr), Is 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Ju 8:31, cf. 2 K 17:34; Ne 9:7; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ׳ Dn 1:7; c. יֵאָמֵר Gn 32:29 (J); change of name is without vb., as Gn 17:15 (P), or (usually) c. יִהְיֶה Gn 35:10 (P) Isr. shall be thy name, cf. 17:5; 1 K 18:31; 1 Ch 22:9, also וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהו׳ 2 K 23:34 = 2 Ch 36:4, cf. 2 K 24:17, and (subj. י׳) שׁ׳ עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן־לוֹ Is 56:5; מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ Gn 32:28, cf. Ex 3:13; Pr 30:4, מִי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Ju 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֹת Ezr 10:16, נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ׳ Nu 1:17; 1 Ch 16:41; 2 Ch 28:15; 31:19; Ezr 8:20, הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ׳ 1 Ch 4:38, וַיָּבֹאוּ הַכְּתוּבִים בְּשׁ׳ v 41; of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֹת תִּפְקְדוּ Nu 4:32 (P), + v 27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת 𝔊 Di Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Ex 33:12 (subj. י׳), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), cf. v 17 (both J); בְּשׁ׳ פ׳ as the representative of 1 S 25:5, 9 1 K 21:8 Je 29:25 Est 2:22; 3:12; 8:8^(×2), 10 (cf. also 3). b. = reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Gn 12:2 (J), וְעָשִׂתִי לְךָ שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ 2 S 7:9; †make oneself a name וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָנוּ שׁ׳ Gn 11:4 (J), וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ שׁ׳ 2 S 8:13, of י׳ Je 32:20, hence Ne 9:10 Dn 9:15, Is 63:12, 14, so c. שׂוּם 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:21; וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ׳ Ez 16:14 (cf. 1 Ch 14:17), 2 Ch 26:15 עַד־לְמֵרָחוֹק, v 8 וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד־לְ׳; 2 S 23:18, 22; = fame, glory, Zp 3:19, 20 Ez 39:13.—34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם 𝔊 Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conj. שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Gn 6:4 (J), Nu 16:2 (J), אַנְשֵׁי שַׁמוֹת 1 Ch 5:24; 12:31 (van d. H. v 30); c. neg. בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם Jb 30:8; (2) bad sense, וְהוֹצִא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Dt 22:14, cf. v 19 Ne 6:13; = byword Ez 23:10; טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳ 22:5. c. especially as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵין־לִי בֵן בַּעֲבוּר הַזְכִּיר שְׁמִי 2 S 18:18, לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ׳ Dt 25:7, cf. v 6 Ru 4:5, 10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Dt 25:6, cf. Nu 27:4 (P), Ru 4:10, so that to destroy one’s name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes is ‖ זֶרַע) 1 S 24:22 (Gi v 21), 2 S 14:7 (‖ שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Dt 7:24; 9:14; 12:3 Is 14:22 +; לֹא יָזָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Na 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Is 66:22; more abstr. (‖ זֵכֶר) Jb 18:17 Pr 10:7.
3. name, as designation of God, specif. of י׳ (especially Je Ez Is 2, 3 ψψ):—first (in Hex) in phr. ק׳ בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Gn 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name י׳ in worship, so 12:8; 13:4; 21:33; 26:35 + (v. קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת־שְׁמִי שָׁם Ex 20:24 (Gi v 21); אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Dt 12:5, 11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי 2 S 7:13 + often; people come לְשׁ׳ י׳ Jos 9:9 (R^D), so לְמַעַן שׁ׳ 1 K 8:41 = 2 Ch 6:32, Is 60:9; seek it ψ 83:17; swear with בְּשׁ׳ י׳ 1 S 20:42 Dt 6:13; 10:20 Lv 19:12, cf. (לַשָּׁוְא) Ex 20:7^(×2) = Dt 5:11^(×2); תָּפַשׂ שׁ׳ י׳ Pr 30:9; נִקְרָא שְׁמִי עַל־, etc., in token of ownership (cf. 2 a), Je 7:10 + (v. p. 896 a); = his reputation, fame, c. עָשָׂה לוֹ, v. 1 b (1), cf. Jos 7:9; בְּשׁ׳ י׳, i.e. as his representative Ex 5:23 (J), 1 S 17:45 Dt 10:8 2 S 6:18 2 K 2:24 + (v. 2 a ad fin.); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of י׳: י׳ שְׁמוֹ Am 5:8; 9:6 Je 33:2, זֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Ex 3:15 (E; ‖ זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), 6:3 (P); צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ (א׳) י׳ Am 4:13; 5:27 Je 10:16; 46:18 + 10 times Je Is 2, י׳ קַנָּא שְׁמוּ Ex 34:14 (J; cf. 20:5 Na 1:2), קָדוֹשׁ שׁ׳ Is 57:15, שׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי[וֹ] Am 2:7 Ez 39:7; 43:7 ψ 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Is 52:6 Je 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ψ 9:11 (‖ דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Is 56:6, אֹהֲבֵי שׁ׳ ψ 5:12; 69:37; 119:132, fear 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (הִלֵּל, הִזְכִּיר, הוֹדָה, בֵּרַךְ, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲזַמֵּר 2 S 22:50 (‖ אוֹדְךָ, and so very often ‖ י׳) = ψ 18:50, cf. 1 Ch 16:10; 29:13 ψ 45:18 Is 26:13 1 K 8:33, 35 = 2 Ch 6:24, 26 ψ 8:2, 10 +; הָבוּ לי׳ כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ 29:2; 96:8, and many combinations; opp. חִלֵּל אֶת־שׁ׳ א׳ Lv 18:21 +, נקב שׁ׳ י׳ 24:16, נִאֵץ שׁ׳ ψ 74:10, 18, etc.; הַשּׁ׳ הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Dt 28:58, cf. Ne 1:11, לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to י׳ to act according to his character Je 14:7, 21 Ez 20:9, 14 Is 48:9; 66:5 ψ 25:11; 31:4 +; שׁ׳ י׳ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי 54:3 (‖ בִּגְבוּרָתְךָ), cf. 124:8; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, י׳ says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ Ex 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם Lv 24:11 is prob. scribal substitution for word י׳ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially c. וַיִּקֹּב cf. Gei^{Urschr. 273 f.} Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of הַשּׁ׳ as personif. or hypostasis, v. Levy^{NHWB s. v.} Jastr ^{s. v.}.—קָרוֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ψ 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < 𝔊 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now קֹרְאֵי שׁ׳, Du קָרָנוּ בִשׁ׳ (= קָרָאנוּ).
4. of false gods, use forbidden Ex 23:13 (E), Jos 23:7 (R^D), cf. Ho 2:19 ψ 16:4; speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Dt 18:20; קָרָא בְשׁ׳ א׳ 1 K 18:24, 25, 26; יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ׳ א׳ Mi 4:5.
5. = memorial, monument Is 55:13 (‖ אוֹת; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם טוֹב מִבָּנִים וגו׳ 56:5 (with word-play on שׁ׳ 2 c).

שָׁם

שָׁם adv. there, thither (Arabic ثَمَّ there, cf. ثُمَّ then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, 𝔗 תַּמָּן (with demonstr. n, cf. אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ܬܰܡܳܢ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם);—
1. a. there Gn 2:8, 12; 11:2, 7, 31 + often; placed early in sentence for emph., Mi 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Na 3:15; Ez 32:22, 24 ψ 104:26 +, וְשָׁם … Gn 41:12; Ex 15:27; Nu 13:22, 33 +, שָׁם … וְשָׁם Ex 15:25; Dt 12:14; Is 27:10; Jb 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם … Gn 29:2, כִּי שָׁם … 11:9; 21:31; 35:7; 2 S 1:21; 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם … Is 34:14, 15, גַּם שָׁם … 23:12; 57:7 ψ 139:10; resuming a preceding ‘where,’ Jb 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Ju 5:27; Je 22:12; Ec 11:3, cf. 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם … שָׁם here … there Is 28:10, 13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, ψ 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! 36:13, cf. 48:7; 66:6; 132:17; Hos 6:7; Zp 1:14.—Hb 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ec 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De al. b. preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Gn 2:11; Ex 20:21; 1 S 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Gn 13:3, 14; 19:27; Ex 29:42; 2 S 11:16; 2 K 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם †Gn 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the rel. being indic. by cstr., Ges^{§ 130 c, d}) Ez 39:11 מְקוֹם שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂר׳ a place where a grave (may be) in Isr., but 𝔊 𝔙 Co Or al. read שֵׁם a place of renown.
2. thither, after vbs. of motion (= שָׁ֫מָּה, v. 3) Dt 1:37 לֹא תָבֹא שָׁם, Ju 19:15; 21:10; 1 S 2:14; 9:6 al, אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם whither, 1 K 18:10; 21:18; 2 K 1:4, 6, 16; Is 20:6, more often in Je Ez, as Je 8:3; 22:27; 23:3, 8; 45:5 +, Ez 4:13; 12:16; 36:20, 22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם ψ 122:4.
3. with ה loc., שָׁ֫מָּה (shā́mmāh): a. after vbs. of motion, thither, Gn 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, v 22; 20:13; 24:6; 29:3; Dt 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Ex 16:33 וְתֶן־שָׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, 30:18; Ju 8:25; 2 K 12:10; pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Gn 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, 25:10; 49:31; 50:5 (all P), נוֹעַד to meet Ex 29:42, 43; 30:6, 36; Nu 17:19 (all P), Jos 2:16; 7:3; Je 13:7; Jo 4:7 (cf. b), Ct 8:5 (?c). b. אֲשֶׁר … שָׁ֫מָּה whither Gn 20:13; Nu 33:54; Dt 4:5, 14 + often; where 2 K 23:8; 1 Ch 4:41. c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Gn 43:30 וַיִּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Jos 2:1; Ju 16:27; 2 K 4:11; 9:16 Ho 2:17; Is 22:18; 34:15; 65:9; Je 18:2; 27:22; Ez 23:3; 32:29, 30 (v 22, 24, 26 שָׁם), 48:35 י׳ שָׁ֫מָּה, ψ 76:4; 122:5; Ec 3:16.
4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence: a. often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Gn 2:10; 11:8, 9; 12:8; 18:16; 24:7; 42:2, etc., Nu 13:23; 21:12; 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Dt 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, 30:4; Je 37:12; Ho 2:17; Am 9:2, 3, 4; Jb 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Gn 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר׳ Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (י׳), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so 𝔖) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di). b. אֲשֶׁר … מִשָּׁם whence Gn 24:5; Nu 23:13 +. c. expressing origin, Gn 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Phil., Ju 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1 S 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Is 65:20. d. of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Gn 27:9; 30:32 (of צֹאן), Lv 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם וגו׳ (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), 1 K 17:13 אַךְ עֲשָׂי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, 2 K 7:2, 19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תֹאכִֽל׃, Ez 5:3.

שֵׁם²

† II. שֵׁם n.pr.m. first son of Noah;—Gn 5:32; 6:10; 7:13; 10:1, 22, 31; 11:10^(×2), 11 (all P), 9:18, 23, 26, 27; 10:21 (all J), 1 Ch 1:4, 17, 24; Σημ.

שַׁמָּא

שַׁמָּא v. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

שׁמא

שׁמא (√ of following.)

שַׁמָּא²

† שַׁמָּא n.pr.m. in Asher, 1 Ch 7:37, Σεμ(μ)α, etc.

שֶׁמְאֵ֫בֶר

† שֶׁמְאֵ֫בֶר n.pr.m. king of Ṣ^eboîm;—Gn 14:2, Συμοβορ, 𝔊L Συμορ.

שֶׁמְאֵ֫בֶר²

שֶׁמְאֵ֫בֶר v. שֵׁם.

שִׁמְאָה

† שִׁמְאָה n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:32 Σεμαα, Σαμαα, etc., = following.

שְׂמֹאל

שְׂמֹאל, שְׂמֹאול (Baer Jos 1:7)₅₄ n.[m.] the left (NH id.; Assyrian šumêlu; Arabic شِمَالٌ (also شَمَالٌ and شَأْمَلٌ, شَامَلٌ north wind); Old Aramaic שמאל, Palm. (sf.) סמלך; Syriac ܣܶܡܳܠܴܐ; √ dub., שאם + ל Nö ^{M 128} Hom^{A. u. A. i. (1892), 21} Kö^{ii. 1. 143, 405}; (v. also Thes Dietr^{Wortforschung 234}), cf. Arabic شأم be unlucky, شَأْمَةٌ left, شَأَم, شَام north; Sab. שאם north, unlucky DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 29; Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Nos. 6. 7}; other views in Sta^{§ 299} Lag^{BN 116});—שְׂמֹאל abs. Gn 13:9 +, cstr. 48:13; 2 K 23:8; שְׂמֹאול abs. Nu 20:17 +; sf. שְׂמֹאלֶ֑ךָ 2 S 2:21, שְׂמֹאלוֹ Gn 48:13 +, etc.;—opp. יָמִין except Gn 14:15; Ju 19:27; 2 K 23:8;—
1. left, region on the left, Gn 13:9 (J); on the left is עַל־שׂ׳ 2 K 23:8; Ez 16:46; Zc 4:3, 11, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ 1 Ch 6:29 cf. 2 Ch 18:18, also מִשּׂ׳ (a sinistra) Ex 14:22, 29 (P), 2 S 16:6 + 7 times + מֵהַשּׂ׳ 2 Ch 3:17; Ez 1:10, לִשׂ׳; Ec 10:2, שׂ׳ alone Jb 23:9; toward the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Gn 24:49 (J), 2 S 2:21; Zc 12:6, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ 2 S 2:19, שׂ׳ alone 1 S 6:12; Is 9:20 + 13 times
†2. יַד־שׂ׳ left hand, Ju 3:21; 7:20, so שׂ׳ alone Gn 48:13^(×2), 14 (E), Ju 16:29; Ez 39:3; Jon 4:11; Pr 3:16; Dn 12:7; Ct 2:6; 8:3.
†3. = north (on left of one facing east, cf. אָתוֹר d, יָמִין 4, קֶדֶם 1 b) Gn 14:15; Jos 19:27 (P); cf. Ez 16:46.

שִׂמְאֵל

† [שִׂמְאֵל] vb. denom.
Hiph. take the left (always opp. הֵימִין):—Impf. cohort. אַשְׂמְאִ֫ילָה Gn 13:9; 2 mpl. תַּשְׂמְאִ֫ילוּ Is 30:21; Imv. fs. הַשְׂמִילִי (Ges^{§ 23 f} Kö^{i. 276}) Ez 21:21, cf. Inf. cstr. הַשְׂמִיל 2 S 14:19; Pt. מַשְׂמִאלִים 1 Ch 12:2;— 1. = go to the left Gn 13:9 (J), Ez 21:21. 2. fig. turn (aside) to the left (from true way) 2 S 14:19; Is 30:21. 3. use the left hand 1 Ch 12:2.

שְׂמָאלִי

† שְׂמָאלִי adj. left, on the left;—שׂ׳ 1 K 7:21 +; f. שְׂמָאלִית Lv 14:15 +;—left (usually opp. יְמָנִי), pillar 1 K 7:21 = 2 Ch 3:17, side of temple 2 K 11:11 = 2 Ch 23:10, side of body Ez 4:4, palm Lv 14:15, 16, 26, 27 (P).

שִׁמְאָם

† שִׁמְאָם n.pr.m. = foreg., 1 Ch 9:38, Σαμα(α).

שַׁמְגַּר

† שַׁמְגַּר n.pr.m. a ‘judge,’ son of Anath, Ju 3:31; 5:6, Σαμα[ε]γαρ (on this name (Hittite?) cf. GFM Ju 3:31; Nö^{ZMG xiii (1888), 479} conj. שׁמגד.)

שָׁ֑מֶד

שָׁ֑מֶד n.pr.m. 1 Ch 8:12 Gi Baer, v. שֶׁמֶר.

שָׁמַד

[שָׁמַד₉₀] vb.
Niph. be exterminated, destroyed (NH der. spec.; Aramaic שְׁמַד Pa. cause to apostatize (Jastr); Syriac ܫܰܡܶܕ seems disputed (in Lexx.); Nö^{Eut. Nab. 32} curse; BA^{ES 10} cites Assyrian ašmud, I destroyed; Gerber¹¹² thinks vb. denom.);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִשְׁמַד Ez 32:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁמֵד Is 48:19; Pr 14:11; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמֵד֑וּן Dt 4:26; Inf. abs. הִשָּׁמֵד v 26; cstr. sf. הִשָּׁמֶדְךָ Dt 28:20, etc.;— †1. of pers. be annihilated, exterminated, Gn 34:30 (J), Ju 21:16; 2 S 21:5 (+ מֵהִתְיַצֵּב בְּ;—but read לְהַשְׁמִידֵנוּ 𝔊 Ew We Dr al.), ψ 37:38 (‖ נִכְרַת), 83:11; of people Dt 4:26 (הִשָּׁמֵד תִּשּׁ׳), 7:23; 12:30 (+ מִפָּנֶיךָ), 28:20 (‖ אָבַד), v 24, 45, 51, 61; Je 48:42 (+ מֵעִם), Ez 32:12 ψ 92:8 (+ עֲדֵי־עַד), cf. also וְלֹא יִשָּׁמֵד שְׁמוֹ מִלְּפָנָ֑י Is 48:19 (+ יִכָּרֵת; זַרְעֶ֑ךָ, etc., in ‖ clause). †2. be destroyed, of bamoth, Ho 10:8, cf. (בֵּית רְשָׁעִים) Pr 14:11; be devastated, of land, Je 48:8 (‖ אבד).
Hiph.₆₀ Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁמִיד Dt 2:22 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁמִיד Is 13:9 +, וַיַּשְׁמֵד 1 K 16:12; 2 K 10:28 etc.; Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵד Dt 33:27; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵד Is 14:23, יד—ֵ Am 9:8; cstr. לְהַשְׁמִיד Jos 9:24 +, also †עַד הִשְׁמִידְךָ Dt 7:24, -וֹ 28:48, ם—ָ Jos 11:14 (bur read in all הַשׁ׳, as Jos 23:15, v. Dr Dt 7:24), לַשְׁמִד †Is 23:11, etc.;— 1. annihilate, exterminate: acc. pers. vel gent., subj. י׳ vel pers. hum., Dt 1:27; 2:22 (+ מִפְּנֵי pers.), 6:15 (+ מֵעַל־פִּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה), 9:20 + 16 times Dt, Jos 7:12 (acc. הַחֵרֶם; + מִקִּרְבְּכֶם), 9:24 + 4 times Jos (all R^D), 2 K 14:16; 1 K 13:34; Am 9:8; Is 13:9; 26:14; Est 3:6, 13 + 23 times; acc. פִּרְיוֹ וְשָׁרָשָׁיו (fig.) Am 2:9, cf. Ez 34:16 (but Vrss Co Toy al. [not Hi Krae] אֶשְׁמֹר); הִשׁ׳ אֶת־שְׁמִי 1 S 24:22 (Gi v 21), 2 S 22:38; 1 K 16:12 ψ 145:20; הַשְׁמֵד as subst., Is 14:23 besom of extermination; acc. אֶת־הַבַּעַל 2 K 10:28, of extirpating Baal-worship מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. †2. destroy, cities Mi 5:13, fortresses Is 23:11, bamoth Lv 26:30 (H), Nu 33:52 (P; ‖ אִבֵּד), חֹזֶק מַמְלְכוֹת הַגּוֹיִם Hg 2:22.

שַׁמָּה

I, II. שַׁמָּה v. שׁמם.

שָׁ֫מָּה

שָׁ֫מָּה v. שָׁם.

שֻׁמָה

[שֻׁמָה] n.pr.m. whence

שׁמה

שׁמה (appar. √ of foll.; Sta^{§ 324a}; so Thes, cp. Arabic سَمَا be high, lofty (or is this secondary?); Jen^{Kosmol. (1890), 6} cp. Assyrian šamû, id. (> šamû = sparkle, Id.^{ZK ii (1885), 53}); cf. Dl^WB).

שַׁמָּה²

† I. שַׁמָּה n.f. waste, appalment (24 times Je);—abs. שׁ׳ Je 5:30 +; pl. abs. שַׁמּוֹת ψ 46:9;—
1. a waste, of land, etc., ψ 46:9 Ho 5:9; Is 5:9; 13:9; 24:12; Zc 7:14; Je 2:15; 4:7; 18:16; 19:8; 46:19; 48:9; 50:3; 51:29, 43, vine Jo 1:7; pers. ψ 73:19; כּוֹס שׁ׳ וּשְׁמָמָה Ez 23:33.
2. appalment, horror, i.e. occasion of it; of people, land, etc., Dt 28:37; 2 K 22:19; Mi 6:16; Zp 2:15; Je 5:30; 25:9, 11, 18, 38; 29:18; 42:18; 44:12, 22; 49:13, 17; 50:23; 51:37, 41; 2 Ch 29:8; 30:7; שׁ׳ הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Je 8:21.

שָׁ֫מָּה²

שָׁ֫מָּה v. שָׁם.

שַׁמָּה³

† II. שַׁמָּה n.pr.m.
1. in Edom Gn 36:13, 17; 1 Ch 1:37, usually Σομε.
2. third son of Jesse 1 S 16:9; 17:13, Σαμ(μ)α, 𝔊L Σαμαα; v. שִׁמְעָא, שִׁמְעָה, שִׁמִעִי.
3. Σαμαια(ς), etc., heroes of David: a. 2 S 23:11 (om. accid. ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr), v 33. b. v 25 = שַׁמּוֹת 1 Ch 11:27, Σαμαωθ, Σαμ(μ)ωθ; prob. also שַׁמְהוּת 1 Ch 27:8.

שַׁמְהוּת

† שַׁמְהוּת n.pr.m. captain of Israel 1 Ch 27:8, Σαλαωθ, A 𝔊L Σαμαωθ; prob. = ii. שַׁמָּה 3 b, q.v.

שְׁמוּאֵל

שְׁמוּאֵל₁₄₀ n.pr.m. Samuel (= name of Ēl Thes al. (or, his name is Ēl Hom^{Heb. Trad. 98 f.} Wkl^{KAT3 225} Now 1 S 1:20), cf. פְּנוּאֵל, רְעוּאֵל; v. Dr 1 S 1:20; Prät^{ZMG 1903, 777 ff.} caritative from יִשְׁמָעֵאל; Palm. שמואל Lzb ³⁷⁷; v. further Gie^{AT1 Schätzung d. Gottesn. (1901), 102 ff.});—
1. great prophet, 11th cent. b.c., Σαμουηλ: 1 S 1:20 (name expl. as if from שָׁאַל), 1:18, 21, 26 + 125 times 1 S, 1 Ch 6:13, 18; 9:22; 11:3; 26:28; 29:29; 2 Ch 35:18; Je 15:1 ψ 99:6.
†2. in Simeon, Nu 34:20 (P), Σαλαμιηλ.
†3. in Issachar 1 Ch 7:2, (Ι)σαμουηλ.

שְׁמוּאֵל²

שְׁמוּאֵל v. sub שֵׁם.

שַׁמּוּעַ

† שַׁמּוּעַ n.pr.m.
1. son of David 2 S 5:14 = 1 Ch 14:4, Σαμμους[ε], Σαμαα (= שִׁמְעָא 2).
2. Reubenite, Nu 13:4, Σαμουηλ, Σαλαμιηλ, etc.
3. Levite, Ne 11:17 (= שְׁמַעְיָה 1 Ch 9:16), Σαμουει, etc.; 12:18 (? same person), 𝔊L Σαμουε.

שְׁמוּעָה

† שְׁמוּעָה n.f. report;—abs. שׁ׳ 1 S 4:19 +, שְׁמֻעָה 2:24 +; cstr. שְׁמֻעַת 2 S 4:4; sf. שְׁמֻעָתֵ֫נוּ Is 53:1; pl. abs. שְׁמֻעוֹת Dn 11:44;—
1. report, sometimes after שָׁמַע 1 S 2:24; 4:19 (= news), 1 K 10:7 = 2 Ch 9:6, 2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7, Je 51:46; שׁ׳ רָעָה Je 49:23, cf. ψ 112:7, and שׁ׳ טוֹבָה Pr 15:30; 25:25; tidings about Saul 2 S 4:4; c. בָּאָה 13:30 (+ לֵאמֹר), 1 K 2:28 Ez 21:12 Je 10:22, cf. 51:46 + (בָּאָה om.) v 46; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ אֶל־שׁ׳ Ez 7:26; שׁ׳ יְבַהֲלֻהוּ Dn 11:44; שְׁמוּעָתֵנוּ Is 53:1 the report that reached us, cf. also Is 28:9, 19 Je 49:14 Ob 1 (De Du al. specif. of prophetic message, but v. Gie ^{Beiträge 155 f.} We Now Ob 1).
2. = mention, לֹא הֽיְתָה סְדֹם לִשׁ׳ בְּפִיךְ Ez 16:56.

שׁמור

שׁמור v. iii. שָׁמִיר.

שַׁמּוֹת

שַׁמּוֹת v. ii. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

שַׁמּוֹת²

שַׁמּוֹת n.pr.m. v. foregoing.

שָׂמֵחַ

† שָׂמֵחַ adj.verb. glad, joyful, merry;—abs. שׂ׳ Dt 16:15 +, f. שְׂמֵחָה ψ 119:9; pl. שְׂמֵחִים 1 K 1:45 +, cstr. שִׂמְחֵי Is 24:17, שְׂמֵחֵי ψ 35:26;—
1. a. as adj. joyful, shewing joy, 1 K 1:45; Est 5:9 (+ טוֹב לֵב), v 14; אֵם שְׂמֵחָה ψ 113:9; לֵב שׂ׳ Pr 15:13; 17:22; at feast of tab. Dt 16:15, in thankfulness to י׳ ψ 126:3 (both pred. c. הָיָה), 1 K 8:66 (+ טוֹבֵי לֵב) = 2 Ch 7:10. b. = pt. 1 K 1:40 (‖ מְחַלְּלִים piping), 4:20; 2 K 11:14 (+ תֹּקֵעַ ב) = 2 Ch 23:13, מִן rei Ec 2:10.
2. as subst. הַשׂ׳ Am 6:13 (+ ל rei), Pr 2:14 (ל inf.), Jb 3:22 (+ אֱלֵי־גִיל; ‖ יָשִׂישׂוּ); שִׂמְחֵי־לֵב Is 24:7; of malicious joy שׂ׳ Pr 17:5 (ל rei), שְׂמֵחֵי רָעָתִי ψ 35:26.

שָׂמַח

שָׂמַח, שָׂמֵ֑חַ, vb. rejoice, be glad (NH id.; cf. perhaps Assyrian šamâḫu, flourish, Arabic شَمَخَ be high, proud; Pun. n.pr. f. שמחת);—
Qal₁₂₆ Pf. 3 ms. שָׂמַח ψ 16:9 +; וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consec. Pr 29:6; 3 fs. שָׂמֵ֑חָה Est 8:15; 2 ms. וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Dt 12:18 +; 3 mpl. שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Ne 12:43, etc.; Impf. יִשְׂמַח Is 9:16 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ 65:13 ψ 69:33, 3 fpl. תִּשְׂמַחְנָה 2 S 1:20, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׂמַח Dt 33:18 +, fs. שִׂמְחִי Zp 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Jo 2:21, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂמֹחַ Ez 35:14 +, etc.; Pt. v. שָׂמֵחַ adj.;—24 times ‖ גיל, less often ‖ רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.;— 1. in common life: a. rejoice, c. ב pers. vel rei take pleasure in Ju 9:19^(×2); Dt 33:18; Ec 3:22 + 7 times + (prob.) בְּכָל־יָמֵינוּ ψ 90:14 (others ב temp.), cf. Ec 11:8; עַל pers. Is 39:2 + ‖ 2 K 20:13 (וישׂמח for MT וישׁמע Vrss mod.), עַל rei Jon 4:6; 2 Ch 15:15; c. cl. temp. Je 41:13 + 6 times + (of heart) Pr 23:15, in one’s heart Ex 4:14 (J); c. כִּי because Is 14:29 + 3 times; c. אֵת with Is 66:10; c. מִן pers. get pleasure from Pr 5:18; abs. 1 S 11:9; Ec 3:12; Pr 13:9 (fig. of prosperity; subj. אוֹר; opp. דָּעַךְ), + 8 times; c. ל rei at Jb 21:12. b. rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל pers., Mi 7:8; Is 14:8; Ob 12 ψ 35:19, 24; 38:17, c. אֶל־ rei Ez 25:6, ב rei Jb 31:29 ψ 35:15; Pr 24:17; abs. Ho 9:1 (+ אֶל־גִּיל), 2 S 1:20 + 3 times, + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Jb 22:19. 2. a. rejoice religiously, c. ב rei 1 S 2:1; Dt 12:7 ψ 21:2 + 7 times; c. בי׳, etc., Jo 2:23 ψ 32:11 + 10 times ψψ + 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); c. עַל rei 2 Ch 29:36, עַל inf. 1 Ch 29:9 a; c. לְמַעַן rei ψ 48:12; c. כִּי because 119:74; abs. Zc 2:14; 4:10; Jo 2:21; 1 Ch 29:9 b (c. acc. cogn.), 16:31 (of heavens) = ψ 96:11, ψ 97:1 (isles) + 18 times (12 times ψψ), + (of heart) Zc 10:7a ψ 16:9; 1 Ch 16:10, בְּכָל־לֵב Zp 3:14 (cf. Ex 4:14 1 a supr.); c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Is 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Lv 23:40 (H), Dt 12:12, 18; 16:11; 27:7, cf. 14:26; 1 S 11:15. b. subj. י׳, c. עַל pers. Is 9:16 (‖ רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxv. 63} be gentle, Arabic سَمُحَ), ב rei ψ 104:31.
Pi. Pf. 3 ms. וְשִׂמַּח consec. Dt 24:5, sf. שִׂמְּחָהוּ Je 20:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂמַּח ψ 104:15 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׂמֵּחַ ψ 86:4, שַׂמַּח Pr 27:11, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׂמֵּחַ Je 20:15; Pt. מְשַׂמֵּחַ Ju 9:13, pl. cstr. מְשַׂמְּחֵי ψ 19:9;—cause to rejoice, gladden, c. acc. pers. (or equiv.), subj. pers. Dt 24:5; Je 20:15 (+ Inf. abs.), Pr 10:1; 15:20; 27:11; 29:3 (Ho 7:3 v. משׁח 2); especially subj. י׳ (God) Je 31:13 (c. מִן separ.) Is 56:7; 2 Ch 20:27 (c. מִן of source, v. Qal 1 a), Ezr 6:22; Ne 12:43 (+ acc. cogn.) ψ 86:4; 90:15; 92:5 (ב instr.), also, c. ל pers. cause to exult at ψ 30:2, id. c. עַל pers. La 2:17; subj. rei Ju 9:13 ψ 19:9; 45:9; 46:5; 104:15; Ec 10:19; Pr 12:25; 15:30; 27:9.
†Hiph. = Pi. Pf. 2 ms. הִשְׂמַחְתָּ ψ 89:43 (subj. י׳).

שִׂמְחָה

שִׂמְחָה₉₃ n.f. joy, gladness, mirth;—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 31:37 +, cstr. שִׂמְחַת Is 9:2 +; sf. שִׂמְחָתִי ψ 137:6, etc.; pl. שְׂמָחוֹת ψ 16:11, -ת֗ 45:16;—
1. mirth, gladness, e.g. in festivity, Gn 31:27 (E), ψ 137:3, 6, 1 K 1:40; 1 S 18:6; Is 9:2^(×2); 16:10 ψ 45:16; יוֹם מִשְׁתֶּה וְשׂ׳ Est 9:17, 18, 22 cf. (יוֹם om.) v 19 (+ יוֹם טוֹב), v 22 (‖ יוֹם טוֹב), + 5 times, + קוֹל שׂ׳ Je 7:34 = 16:9 = 25:10 = 33:11; joy of heart Pr 14:10, 13; Ec 5:19; Ct 3:11, cf. (of inward joy) Jon 4:6; Pr 15:23; 21:15; = gaiety, pleasure Is 22:13; Ec 2:1, 2, 10; 8:15; 9:7, בֵּית שׂ׳ 7:4; שׂ׳ חָנֵף Jb 20:5, of foolish Pr 15:21; 21:17; malicious joy Ez 35:15 (ל rei), so שׂ׳ כָּל־לֵבָב 36:5.
2. ₄₆ (especially ψψ Chr) religious: 2 S 6:12 ‖ 1 Ch 15:16, 25; Jo 1:16 +; יוֹם שׂ׳ Nu 10:10 (P); עָשָׂה שׂ׳ i.e. make a (sacred) festivity 2 Ch 30:23; Ne 8:12; 12:27; שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם Is 35:10 = 51:11; 61:7; שׂ׳ c. עַל pers. Ne 12:44; joy of heart Is 30:29; Je 15:16; as gift of י׳ ψ 4:8; 21:7 + 7 times + (in mockery) Is 66:5.
†3. joy of י׳ Zp 3:17.
†4. glad result, happy issue ψ 106:5 (‖ טוֹבָה), Pr 10:28; 12:20 (Gr. אֱמֻנָה, Toy מִשְׁפָּט; opp. מִרְמָה).

שָׁמַט

† [שָׁמַט] vb. let drop (NH id., loosen, detach, draw away, Niph. slip off; Aramaic שְׁמַט loosen, pull away; ܫܡܰܛ draw sword, draw or pull away; Arabic سَمَطَ is hang, suspend, ii. release debtor (Ḳam), سِمْطٌ string of pearls);—
Qal let drop, fall: Imv. mpl. sf. + Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיִּשְׁמְטוּהָ (final ו dittogr.) שִׁמְטוּהָו 2 K 9:33 he said, Let her fall, and they let her fall; then fig., of letting land rest in seventh year, 2 ms. sf.: תִּשְׁמְטֶנָּה Ex 23:11 (E); Pf. 2 ms. וְשָׁמַטְתָּ֫ה Je 17:4 thou shalt let drop thy hand (read יָֽדְךָ for וּבְךְ JDMich and mod.) from (מִן) thine inheritance, i.e. abandon it; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹט Dt 15:2 let fall (a debt in seventh year; v. מַשֶּׁה p. 674b).—Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְטוּ הַבָּקָר 2 S 6:6 = 1 Ch 13:9 is dub., most naturally either they let the oxen fall (slip, stumble), or (as 𝔗) the oxen let it fall (reading שְׁמָטוֹ, sc. the ark); > Thes the oxen ran away; 𝔖 slipped (the yoke)? v. further Dr.
Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִשְׁמְטוּ ψ 141:6 their judges have been thrown down.
Hiph. 2 ms. (?) juss. (?) תַּשְׁמֵט Dt 15:3 thou shalt cause thy hand to let drop, etc.; Ba^{NB 147} Qal; < read תִּשְׁמֹט (cf. Dr), יָדֶ֑ךָ subj.

שְׁמִטָּה

† שְׁמִטָּה n.f. a letting drop of exactions, a (temporary) remitting: תַּעֲשֶׂה שׁ׳ Dt 15:1 (at end of seven years), v 2 כִּי קָרָא שׁ׳ לי׳; whence seventh year is שְׁנַת הַשּׁ׳ v 9; 31:10.

שַׁמַּי

שַׁמַּי v. √ שׁמם.

שָׁמַי

[שָׁמַי] n.m. ^{Dt 33:28} only pl. שָׁמַ֫יִם₄₂₁ (Sta^{§ 324a}) heavens, sky (NH id.; Assyrian šamû, pl. šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, cf. Ph. שמם; Sab. סמה Hom^{Chr 46, 124}; Arabic سَمَآءٌ; Ethiopic ሰማይ: Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא, ܫܡܰܝܳܐ; Palm. Nab. שם(י)ן in n.pr. (cpd. with בעל) Lzb ¹⁵³ GACooke ⁴⁵; on pl. form v. Ba^{ZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.});—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 1:1 +, -מָ֑יִם Gn 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Ex 9:8 +; cstr. שְׁמֵי Dt 10:14 + 9 times; sf. שָׁמֶיךָ ψ 8:4 + 2 times, שָׁמָיו Dt 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19, c. vb. pl., Ho 2:23;—
1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Ju 5:20; Gn 15:5 (J), Dt 4:19; Gn 1:14, 15, 17 (P), hence כּוֹכְבֵי הַשּׁ׳ 22:17 (JE) + 9 times (usually as countless), (כָּל־)צְבָא הַשּׁ׳ Dt 4:19; Je 8:2 + (צ׳ 1 c; rarely of angels, צ׳ 1 b); before which fowl fly Gn 1:20 (P), cf. Dt 4:17; Je 8:7; Pr 30:19, עוֹף הַשּׁ׳ Gn 2:19 (J), 1:19 (P) + (עוֹף 1), צִפֹּר שׁ׳ †ψ 8:9, נִשְׁרֵי שׁ׳ †La 4:19; as רָקִיע (q.v.) Gn 1:8 (P), ψ 19:2, with waters beneath and above Gn 1:9 (P, cf. v 7), ψ 148:4, darkened with clouds 1 K 18:45, cleared by wind Jb 26:13; whence comes rain Gn 8:2 (J), Ju 5:4; Dt 11:11 +, and dew Gn 27:28 (J), v 39 (E), Dt 33:28 (poem) +, cf. בִּרְכֹת שׁ׳ †Gn 49:25 (poem in J), מֶגֶד שׁ׳ †Dt 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2 K 1:10^(×2); Jb 1:16 + (v. also 2 a infr.); הֹבְרֵי שׁ׳ Is 47:13, i.e. astrologers, cf. אוֹתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Je 10:2; as high Gn 11:4 (J), Am 9:2 (opp. שְׁאוֹל), v 6 (opp. אֶרֶץ) +, עַד־לֵב הַשּׁ׳ Dt 4:11; as over all the earth, תַּחַת (כָּל־)הַשּׁ׳ Gn 6:17; 7:19 (both P), Dt 2:25; Ec 1:13 מִתַּחַת וגו׳ (of extermination) Ex 17:14 (E), Dt 7:24; 9:14 +; specif. of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ Dt 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19 (H); בֵּין הַשּׁ׳ וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ 2 S 18:9 (hung from tree), 1 Ch 21:16 (of angel), cf. Ez 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zc 5:9 (flying ephah); מִקְּצֵה הַשּׁ׳ וְעַד־קְצֵה הַשּׁ׳ of limits of horizon Dt 4:32, cf. 30:4 Ne 1:9 ψ 19:7; as made by God Je 51:15 (opp. תֵּבֵל), ψ 8:4 +; enduring Dt 11:21; Jb 14:12 ψ 89:30; especially (הַ)שּׁ׳ וְ(הָ)אָרֶץ = universe (cf. in Sab., SabDenkm ^{No. 41. 42, 1. 3}), Dt 3:24; Gn 1:1 (P) + (especially Dt Je Is 2 ψψ), + הַיָּם Ex 20:11; Hg 2:6, etc., + מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8, cf. Pr 30:4, etc.; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ v 29); שׁ׳ חֲדָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה as part of future glory †Is 65:17; 66:22. b. phrases are: אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשּׁ׳ (letting rain through) †Gn 7:11; 8:2 (P), Mal 3:10 (fig.), cf. הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י׳ א׳ בַּשּׁ׳ 2 K 7:2, 19, so דַּלְתֵי שׁ׳ †ψ 78:23 (for manna), cf. דְּגַן שׁ׳ †v 24, לֶחֶם שׁ׳ †105:40; מוֹסְדוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 22:8 (‖ הָאָרֶץ; in ‖ ψ 18:8 מ׳ הָרִים), עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Jb 26:11, חוּג שׁ׳ 22:14; towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Jos 8:20 (J), Ex 9:8, 10 (P), Jb 2:12; Ju 13:20; 20:40; 2 Ch 6:13; עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם Ex 9:22, 23; 10:21, 22 (all E), אֶל־שׁ׳ Dt 32:40 (poem), Dn 12:7, שׁ׳ alone 1 K 8:22, 54; Jb 35:5; Pr 23:5.
2. a. as abode of God (י׳) 1 K 8:30, 32 + often, where he sits enthroned ψ 2:4 Is 66:1, etc., cf. רֹכֵב שׁ׳ Dt 33:26 (poem), ψ 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Gn 19:24 (J), bread Ex 16:4 (E), cf. Ne 9:15, casts אֲבָנִים Jos 10:11 (E), talks with Israel Ex 20:22 (E; Gi v 19) +, cf. Gn 21:17; 22:11, 15 (E), looks down Dt 26:15 +, hears his people ψ 20:7 + 10 times Chr, etc.; he thunders בַּשּׁ׳ 1 S 2:10 ψ 18:14, ‖ מִן־שׁ׳ 2 S 22:14; he bends (נטה) שׁ׳ to come down v 10 = ψ 18:10, cf. ψ 144:5 and (rend) Is 63:19; נִפְתְּחוּ הַשּׁ׳ Ez 1:1 in vision of God, cf. שַׁעַר הַשּׁ׳ Gn 28:17 (E; + בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); though even שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ׳ the highest heavens cannot hold him †Dt 10:14; 1 K 8:27 = 2 Ch 6:18; 2 Ch 2:5; Ne 9:6 ψ 148:4, שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵי־קֶדֶם 68:34; he is called אֱלֹהֵי הַשּׁ׳ (post-ex. title) Ezr 1:2 = 2 Ch 36:23, + 11 times Ezr Ne, Jon 1:9 (cf. Aramaic, Dn 2:18, 19, 37, 44; in Gn 24:7 add c. 𝔊 וֵאלֹהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as v 3), אֵל־הַשּׁ׳ ψ 136:26; his sword is בַּשׁ׳ Is 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד ψ 36:6, צֶדֶק 85:12, אֱמוּנָה 89:3, his word fixed 119:89.—שׁ׳ are †שָׁמָיו (of Israel) Dt 33:28 (poem), †שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19; †שָׁמֶיךָ ψ 8:4; 144:5, †שְׁמֵי י׳ La 3:66, †שׁ׳ קָדְשׁוֹ ψ 20:7. †b. Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind 2 K 2:1, cf. v 11.
3. הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations Is 1:2; Je 2:12; Jb 15:15 ψ 19:2; 50:6 = 97:6, 89:6; 148:4.
†4. מְלֶכֶת הַשּׁ׳ v. מ׳ p. 573.

שַׁמַּי²

† שַׁמַּי n.pr.m. in Judah:
1. 1 Ch 2:28^(×2), 32, Σαμ(μ)αι, etc.
2. 1 Ch 2:44, 45, Σαμαι.
3. 1 Ch 4:17, Σεμεν, Σεμμαι, Σαμι.

שְׁמִידָ֑ע

† שְׁמִידָ֑ע n.pr.m. in Manasseh (the name knoweth? cf. Sab. ידעסמהו DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16});—Nu 26:22 (Συμαερ), Jos 17:2 1 Ch 7:19, Συμαρειμ, etc.; 𝔊L Σαμ(ε)ιδα(ε).

שְׁמִידָע

שְׁמִידָע -דָעִי v. שֵׁם.

שְׁמִידָעִי

† שְׁמִידָעִי adj.gent. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:32.

שְׂמִיכָה

† שְׂמִיכָה n.f. rug or thick coverlet(?);—abs. Ju 4:18 (v. GFM).

שְׁמִינִי

שְׁמִינִי, ית —ִ₃₁ adj.num. eighth;—בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי Ex 22:29 + 16 times; הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשּׁ׳ 1 K 6:38 + 4 times; n.m. om. 1 Ch 24:10 + 4 times; הַשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁמִנִת Lv 25:22; elsewhere only phr., עַל־הַשְּׁמִינִית 1 Ch 15:21, and titles ψ 6:1; 12:1, usually acc. to the eighth key, or on the octave, but wholly dubious.

שָׁמִיר

† I. שָׁמִיר n.m. Ez 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—abs. שׁ׳ Is 5:6 +; sf. שְׁמִירוֹ 10:17;—
1. coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Is 5:6; 7:23, 24, 25; 27:4; fig. 9:17; 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ 32:13.
2. adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Je 17:1 (‖ בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, fig. of prophet’s firmness Ez 3:9; Zc 7:12 fig. of hard heart.

שָׁמִיר²

† II. שָׁמִיר n.pr.loc.
1. in הַר אֶפְרַיִם Ju 10:1, 2, Σαμειρ; A 𝔊L Σαμαρεια.
2. in (יְהוּדָה) הַר Jos 15:48, Σαμειρ; A 𝔊L Σαφειρ.

שָׁמִיר³

† III. שָׁמִיר n.pr.m. Levite, 1 Ch 24:24 Qr, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kt שמור).

שְׁמִירָמוֹת

† שְׁמִירָמוֹת n.pr.m. (here according to Thes who qu. nom. altitudinum, i.e. perhaps of heavens): Levites, Σαμε(ι)ραμωθ:
1. 1 Ch 15:18, 20; 16:5.
2. 2 Ch 17:8 Qr (Kt שמרימות).

שְׁמִירָמוֹת²

שְׁמִירָמוֹת v. sub שֵׁם.

שָׂמַל

[שָׂמַל] Hiph. v. [שַׂמְאַל] supr.

שׂמל

שׂמל (√ of foll.; Arabic شَمَلَ enclose, envelope; شَمْلَةٌ cloak, Lane¹⁶⁰⁰ Dozy^{Vétements, 59 f., 232 f.}).

שִׂמְלָה

† שִׂמְלָה n.f. wrapper, mantle;—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 9:23 +, cstr. שִׂמְלַת Dt 21:13; 22:5; sf. שִׂמְלָֽתְךָ Dt 8:4, etc.; pl. שְׂמָלֹת Gn 45:22^(×2) +, sf. שִׂמְלֹתָם 44:13 +, etc.;—wrapper, mantle (of man or [Ru 3:3 +] woman), usually square piece of cloth worn as outer garment (v. Mackie^{Hast.DB i. 625}; Benz^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2932}), Gn 35:2 Ex 22:26 (both E), Dt 8:4; 10:18; 21:13; 22:3; Is 3:6, 7; 9:4; 2 S 12:20 Kt, Ru 3:3 Kt (Qr in both pl.); as covering in sleep Gn 9:23 (J; cf. Ex 22:26), bed-covering Dt 22:17; covering or receptacle for articles Ex 12:34 (E), Ju 8:25 1 S 21:10, cf. Pr 30:4; more gen. garment, Dt 22:5, clothes (pl.) Gn 37:34; 44:13 (J), 41:14 Ex 19:10, 14 (all E), Jos 7:6 (JE), Is 4:1; as costly gifts Gn 45:22^(×2) Ex 3:22; 12:35 (all E).

שַׂמְלָה

† שַׂמְלָה n.pr.m. kg. of Edom Gn 36:36, 37 (P; Σαμ(α)λα) = 1 Ch 1:47, 48 (Σαμαα, Σαβαα).

שַׁמְלַי

שַׁמְלַי Ezr 2:46, v. שַׂלְמַי.

שׂמלי

שׂמלי Kt Ezr 2:46 v. שַׂלְמַי supr.

שָׁמֵם

† [שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled (connex. of meanings not clear) (NH id.; J.Aram שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);—
Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָׁמֵ֑מָה Ez 35:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁם 1 K 9:8 +, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫מּוּ Jb 17:8 ψ 40:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. שֹׁ֫מּוּ Je 2:12; Inf. cstr. (?) metapl. שַׁמּוֹת Ez 36:3 (Ges^{§ 67r}, but v. infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (v. [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Ez 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, v. Ges^{§ 67 p dd};—Pt. שׁוֹמֵם La 3:11 (v. also Pōʿ.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges^{§ 84 a s}) 2 S 13:20 +; pl. שׁוֹמֵמִין La 1:4, etc.;— 1. be desolated, of Tamar 2 S 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of pers. elsewhere late La 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v 13, שָׂמַנִ֫י שׁ׳ 3:11; pt. as n.f. בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Is 54:1 (opp. בְּעוּלָה) [Dn 8:13 + v. Pōʿ.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes = deserted), Is 49:8; Ez 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; > Kt שׁממה), v 15; הֶחֳרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמְמוֹת 36:4 (‖ הֶעָרִים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת); שַׁמּוֹת v 3 is prob. corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v 5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy נָשֹׁם, Krae נְשֹׁם, La 1:4; 5:18; pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Is 49:19; 61:4 (both ‖ חֳרָבוֹת), v 4 (cf. שְׁמָמָה 62:4); = desolations Dn 9:18, 26. 2. be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Lv 26:32 (H), Je 2:12 (v. II. [חָרֵב]), Ez 26:16; 27:35; 28:19; Is 52:14; Jb 17:8, cf. 1 K 9:8 = 2 Ch 7:21, Je 18:16; 19:8; 49:17; 50:13; on oneself ψ 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Is 42:14 v. [נשׁם].
Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נָשַׁ֫מָּה Je 12:11 +, 3 pl. נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Zp 3:6 +; Pt. f. נְשַׁמָּה Ez 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal: 1. be desolated, of roads Lv 26:22 (H), Is 33:8, bamoth Am 7:9 (‖ יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Ez 6:4; cf. 25:3; 32:15 Zp 3:6; Zc 7:14; Jo 1:17 ψ 69:26; lands Je 12:11; Ez 29:12; 30:7; 36:34, 35, cities Is 54:3 (opp. יוֹשִׁיבוּ), cf. Ez 36:35; Am 9:14; Je 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ez 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in fig.). 2. be appalled Je 4:9; La 4:5; Ez 4:17; 30:7, c. עַל rei Jb 18:20.
Pōʿ Pt. 1. וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezr 9:3 I sat appalled, cf. v 4. 2. transit. appalling, causing horror (Dr ^{Dn 150 f.}): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Dn 11:31, + perhaps 9:27a (v. שִׁקּוּץ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם 12:11 (on שׁ׳ v. Ges^{§ 52s}), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳ as n. Horror-causer, appaller, 9:27b.
Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Jb 16:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשִּׁים (Ges^{§ 67y}) Je 49:20; 50:45, 3 mpl. sf. וַיְשִׁמֵּם 1 S 5:6, 1 pl. נַשִּׁים Nu 21:30, etc.; Imv. mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges^{§ 67v}) Jb 21:5; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵם Mi 6:13; Pt. מַשְׁמִים Ez 3:15;— 1. devastate, ravage, acc. pers. 1 S 5:6; Ez 20:26; Ho 2:14 (fig. of vine), Jb 16:7; acc. loc. Lv 26:31, 32 (H), Je 10:25; Ez 30:12, 14 ψ 79:7, so (acc. om.) Nu 21:30 (poem in JE), Mi 6:13;—Ez 14:8 v. שִׂים Hiph. 2. a. appall, acc. pers., c. עַל at, Je 49:20; 50:45; Ez 32:10. b. inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מַשׁ׳ 3:15 shewing horror, Jb 21:5 (Bu Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ).
Hoph. Inf. abs. כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Lv 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so v 35 2 Ch 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges^{§ 67y}) Lv 26:43.
Hithpōʿ. Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם ψ 143:4, etc.;— 1. be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Is 59:16; 63:5; עַל rei Dn 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי ψ 143:4 (cf. 1 pl. נשתומם Ecclus 43:24). 2. cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ec 7:16 (תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם).

שָׁמֵם²

† שָׁמֵם adj. devastated;—שׁ׳ of sanctuary Dn 9:17; f. שְׁמֵמָה of land Je 12:11.

שְׁמָמָה

שְׁמָמָה₅₅ n.f. a devastation, waste;—abs. שׁ׳ Ex 23:29 +; pl. cstr. שִׁמְמוֹת Je 51:26 +;—waste, usually of land, city, houses, etc., Ex 23:29 (E), Is 1:7 (prob. del., with words foll. Stu^{JPTh. 1877, 714} FB^{JBL (1890), 84}), Lv 26:33 (H), Je 4:27 + 14 times Je (‖ מֵאֵין אָדָם וגו׳ 32:43, מֵאֵין ישֵׁב 34:22), Ez 6:14 + 18 times Ez (35:7a read שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה for MT שִֽׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה, so Hi Co Toy Krae al.) +; of prince, יִלְבַּשׁ שׁ׳ Ez 7:27; of idols Mi 1:7; כּוֹס שַׁמָּה וּשׁ׳ Ez 23:33.—Ez 35:12 v. שׁמם Qal.

שִֽׁמְמָה

שִֽׁמְמָה Ez 35:7 v. foregoing.

שִׁמָּמוֹן

† שִׁמָּמוֹן n.[m.] appalment, horror (Ba^{NB 324, 336}; another view Lag^{BN 202, 203});—abs. Ez 4:16 drink water בְּשׁ׳, so 12:19.

שְׂמָמִית

† שְׂמָמִית n.f. a kind of lizard (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 Lv 11:30 cf. Str Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—abs. שׂ׳ Pr 30:28 (cf. Shipley-Cook^{Ency.Bib. Lizard}).

שְׁמָמִית

שְׁמָמִית v. שְׂמָמִית.

שֶׁ֫מֶן

שֶׁ֫מֶן₁₉₂ n.m. 2 K 20:13 (on appar. f. Ct 1:3 cf. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106}) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 28:18 +, cstr. Lv 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ 2 K 4:6 +; sf. שַׁמְנִי Ho 2:7 +, etc.; pl. שְׁמָנִים Am 6:6 +; sf. שְׁמָנֶיךָ Ct 1:3, -נַיִךְ 4:10;—
1. fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Is 5:1 (of fertile slope); pl. גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים 28:1, 4; of food (in fig.) 25:6^(×2); lit. בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 109:24 (cf. צוֹם v a), cf. מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Is 10:27 (in fig., si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RS^{JPh xiii (1885), 62} עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [v. also II. חבל], joining to v 28; Du Marti has gone up from P^ene-Rimmon [??], cf. Di-Kit).
2. a. oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Dt 8:8 + (v. זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Is 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Ne 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood 1 K 6:23, 31, 32, 33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Est 2:2 (v. מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Ex 30:23). b. שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Nu 11:8 (J; v. לשׁד), of value 1 K 17:12, 14, 16; 2 K 2:4, 6, 7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Dt 32:13; 33:24; Jb 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Ho 2:7; as royal treasure 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2, cf. 1 K 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, v. כ׳) = 2 Ch 2:9, 14 + 3 times; tribute Ho 12:2, art. of trade Ez 27:17; odoriferous Pr 27:9; Ct 1:3; 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Ec 10:1, so (fig.) Ct 1:3; Ec 7:1; Pr. 27:16 is corrupt, v. Toy; sign of luxury Ez 16:13; Pr 21:17, of prosperity Ez 16:20. c. שׁ׳ as medicament Is 1:6; as unguent, for shield 2 S 1:21, person Am 6:6; Mi 6:15; Dt 28:40; Ez 16:9; Est 2:12 ψ 92:11; 104:15, not for mourner 2 S 14:2; on head, token of happiness Ec 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי ψ 23:5 (fig.), in sim. 133:2; 141:5. d. for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 10:1; 2 K 9:1, 3, cf. v 6, c. קֶרֶן 1 S 16:1, 13; 1 K 1:39; cf. בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו ψ 89:21. e. in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Is 61:3 ψ 45:8; soft words 55:22 Pr 5:3; as penetrating 109:18; as clear, transparent Ez 32:14. f. used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gn 28:18 (E), 35:14 (J). g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Ex 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה 25:6 Lv 8:2, 10, 12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Ex 30:25^(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Lv 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Nu 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Lv 14:10 + 12 times Lv 14; for lighting Ex 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Ex 27:20; Lv 24:2 (v. כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Lv 2:1 + 5 times, cf. 5:11 Nu 5:15; smeared (v. מָשַׁח) upon wafers Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? cf. בָּלַל) Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4, 5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Lv 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Ex 29:23; Lv 8:26. h. for use in temple 1 Ch 9:29. i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 45:14^(×2) + 7 times 45, 46. †j. efficacy denied Mi 6:7. †k. offered to idols Is 57:9; Ez 16:18, 19; 23:41.—Vid. Macalister^{HastDB Oil} ARS Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. Oil}.

שָׁמֵן

† I. [שָׁמֵן] vb. grow fat (NH Hiph. id., also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adj. fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Ph. (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palm. שמנא Lzb³⁷⁸; on relation of meanings Frä¹⁴⁷);—
Qal Pf. 2 ms. שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Dt 32:15 and Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁמַן v 15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under fig. of fat beast; so Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ Je 5:28 (of wicked).
Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ Ne 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵן Is 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה.