Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon

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שׁבק — שָׁוָה²

שׁבק

שׁבק (√ of foll.; cf. Biblical Aramaic 𝔗 שְׁבַק let go, leave, so ܫܒܰܩ; Arabic سَبَقَ outstrip).

שֵׂ֫בֶר

[שֵׂ֫בֶר] n.m. hope;—sf. שִׂבְרִי ψ 119:116, שִׂבְרוֹ עַל־י׳ 146:5.

שֶׁ֫בֶר

† I. שֶׁ֫בֶר, שֵׁ֫בֶר n.m. Je 4:5 breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—abs. שֶׁבֶר Is 51:19 +, שָׁ֑בֶר La 3:47; Pr 17;19, cstr. שֶׁבֶר Is 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Am 6:6 +; sf. שִׁבְרִי Je 10:19, etc.; pl. שְׁבָרִים Jos 7:5 Jb 41:17 (dub., v. infr.), sf. שְׁכָרֶיהָ ψ 60:4;—
1. breaking of pottery Is 30:14, fracture of member, limb Lv 21:19; 24:20 (H), especially fig. of people personif. שׁ׳ יוֹסֵף Am 6:6, cf. Is 30:26 (‖ מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ), Je 8:21; 10:19; 14:17; 30:12 (‖ מַכָּה), v 15 (‖ מַכְאֹב), La 2:11; 3:48; 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Je 6:14; 8:11 La 2:13 ψ 60:4, cf. Na 3:19; of sinners Is 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in fig.) Is 30:13; שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל (‖ רָעָה) Je 4:6; 6:1, שׁ׳ עַל־שׁ׳ 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳ Is 59:7; 60:18; Je 48:3, cf. Is 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳ La 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳ Is 15:5, cf. Je 48:5; of individ. Pr 16:18; 17:19; 18:12; fig., שׁ׳ רוּחַ of spirit Is 65:14, cf. Pr 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Jb 41:17 from terror, Di De, cf. Bi, but dub.; Buhl Bu conj. מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Gie מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Du מִשְׁמָרִים.
2. crashing, Zp 1:10 (‖ קוֹל צְעָקָה, יְלָלָה), Je 50:22 (‖ מִלְחָמָה), 51:54 (‖ קוֹל זְעָקָה).
3. breaking of a dream, i.e. its interpretation (solution of mystery) Ju 7:15 (cf. GFM).
4. הַשְּׁבָרִים Jos 7:5, perhaps (Di Benn Steuern) the quarries, as n.pr.loc., 𝔙 Sabarim (< 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Ez 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ 𝔊 Co Sta Berthol Krae (not Toy).

שָׂבַר

† I. [שָׂבַר] vb. inspect, examine (van d. H. שֹׁבֵר [so 𝔊 συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳ v. Norzi; hence connex. with Arabic سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (according to Frä261) denom. from Aramaic loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aramaic סְבַר think (cf. foll.), KauAram. im AT, 85);—
Qal Pt. שֹׂבֵר, c. ב obj., Ne 2:13, 15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.

שָׁבַר

שָׁבַר148 vb. break, break in pieces (NH id.; Sab. תֿבר break, destroy DHMHof.Mus., no. 1(×2). 26 MordtmHI 74; Arabic ثَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aramaic תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ: Assyrian šabâru, break, break in pieces; Ethiopic ሰበረ: break);—
Qal53 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 1 K 13:28; Is 14:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבֹּר Je 19:11, -בּוֹר Is 42:3; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבָּר־ Pr 25:15, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁבֹר ψ 10:15, sf. שָׁבְרֵם Je 17:18; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר Gn 19:9 + 2 times, שְׁבוֹר Je 28:12; Pt. act. שֹׁבֵר Ez 4:16 + 2 times; pass. שָׁבוּר Lv 22:22, pl. cstr. שְׁבוּרֵי ψ 147:3;—break, lit., obj. earthen vessel Ju 7:20 Lv 11:33 (P), Je 19:11 (in sim.), cf. v 11 48:38; Is 30:14, flask Je 19:10, gate-bar Am 1:5 (in metaph.), bow Ho 1:5; Je 49:35, and sword Ho 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Ex 12:46; Nu 9:12 (P), and (in metaph.) Pr 25:15, cf. שָׁבוּר i.e. fractured of limb Lv 22:22 (H), yoke Je 28:10, 12, 13, and, in metaph., of deliverance (י׳ subj.) v 2, 4, 11; 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), + 4 times, of rebellion Je 2:20; 5:5, so staff Is 14:5 + 5 times, reed Is 42:3, arm of Pharoah Ez 30:21, 22, 24 cf. ψ 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) ψ 29:5; break in, down, door Gn 19:9 (J); rend violently (of lion), man 1 K 13:26, ass v 28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Ez 27:26; fig. break pride Lv 26:19 (H); crush (fig.) Is 14:25 (cf. Je 48:28 supr.), La 1:15; Dn 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳ Je 17:18; break, rupture, heart (fig.) ψ 69:21 + Ez 6:9 (v. Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב ψ 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Jb 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) ψ 104:11.
Niph.57 Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּר Ex 22:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבֵר Lv 6:21 +, 3 fs. וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Ec 12:6, 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבֵר Ez 29:7, -בַר֥ 32:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁבֵר Jon 1:4; Pt. נִשְׁבָּר ψ 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v 19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֶת Ez 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck 1 S 4:18, bones ψ 34:21, gate-bars Je 51:30, rod (in fig.) Is 14:21; Je 48:17, idols Ez 6:4, 6, horn Dn 8:8, cf. v 22, arm Jb 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaph.) Je 48:25; Jb 38:15 ψ 37:17, cf. Ez 30:22, bough Ez 31:12; Is 27:11, cf. (fig.) of wickedness, like a tree Jb 24:20, other things ψ 37:15 Je 50:23; Ez 29:17 ψ 124:7; cisterns Je 2:13 (id.), pottery Lv 6:21; 15:12 (P), Ec 12:6 (in fig.); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Ex 22:9, 13 (E), and (fig.) Ez 34:4, 16; Zc 11:16, so (fig. of men stumbling) Is 8:15; 28:13; be wrecked, of ships 1 K 22:49 (read Qr נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ 2 Ch 20:37, Jon 1:4, metaph. of Tyre Ez 27:34; fig. be crushed, destroyed (pers., warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Je 14:17; 22:20; 48:4; 51:8 + 10 times; fig. be broken, of heart †Je 23:9; Is 61:1 ψ 34:19; 51:19, cf. רוּחַ נִשׁ׳ v 19.—Ez 6:9 read prob. וְשָֽׁבְרְתִּ֫י (We Sm Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי.
Pi.36 Pf. 3 ms. שִׁבַּר Is 21:9 +, שִׁבֵּ֑ר Ex 9:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבֵּר ψ; 46:10 +, 2 mpl. תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן Ex 34:13, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּר Ex 23:24; Pt. מְשַׁבֵּר 1 K 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Ex 32:19 (E), 34:1 (J), Dt 9:17; 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Ex 23:24 (E; + Inf. abs.), 34:13 (J) + 7 times; images 2 K 11:18 + 3 times; bronze sea, etc., 2 K 25:13 = Je 52:17; horns Dn 8:7; jaws Jb 29:17 (in fig.); of hail shattering trees Ex 9:25 (J), cf. 1 K 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Is 45:2; 38:13; La 2:9; 3:4 ψ 46:10; 76:4; 107:16, trees 29:5; 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים 74:13; wrecking ships 48:8.
Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth, Impf. 1 s. הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Is 66:9 (י׳ subj.; cf. מַשְׁבֵּר infr.).
Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart), Pf. 1 s. עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּ֑רְתִּי Je 8:21.

שֶׁ֫בֶר²

† II. שֶׁ֫בֶר n.pr.m. a Calebite 1 Ch 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, 𝔊L Σαβαρ.

שָׂבַר²

† II. [שָׂבַר] vb.
Pi. wait, hope (Aramaism; cf. Aramaic סְבַר think, Pa. hope; ܣܒܰܪ believe, hope, Pa. think, Aph. hope);—Pf. 1 s. שִׂבַּרְתִּי ψ 119:166, 3 pl. שִׂבְּרוּ Est 9:1; Impf. 3 mpl. יְשַׂבְּרוּ Is 38:18, יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ ψ 145:15, יְשַׂבֵּר֑וּן ψ 104:27; 2 fpl. תְּשַׂבֵּרְנָה Ru 1:13;— 1. wait + לָהֵן therefor Ru 1:13. 2. hope for, ל rei ψ 119:166, אֶל rei Is 38:18, אֶל pers. ψ 104:27; 145:15; ל inf. Est 9:1 hope to rule.

שָׁבַר²

[שָׁבַר] vb.denom. buy grain;—
Qal Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Dt 2:6, 1 pl. נִשְׁבְּרָה Gn 43:4; Imv. mpl. שִׁבְרוּ 42:2 +; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר v 3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v 7 +; Pt. mpl. שֹׁבְרִים 47:14;—buy grain for food Gn 41:57 (v 56 v. Hiph.), 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v 5; c. acc. אֹכֶל v 7, 10; 43:2, 4, 20, 22; 44:25; Dt 2:6 (מִן pers.); c. acc. בָּר Gn 42:3, שֶׁבֶר 47:14; fig. Is 55:1, c. acc. יַיִן וְחָלָב v 1.
Hiph. Impf. 1 pl. נַשְׁבִּיר Am 8:6 etc.; Pt. מַשְׁבִּיר Gn 42:6 Pr 11:26;—sell grain (proposes cause to buy grain), c. ל pers. Gn 42:6 + 41:56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for MT וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Ol Di Gunk), c. acc. שֶׁבֶר Am 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v 6, cf. Pr 11:26; c. sf. pers. + acc. אֹכֶל + ב pret. Dt 2:28.

שֶׁ֫בֶר³

† III. שֶׁ֫בֶר n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perhaps broken, i.e. threshed, HoffmZAW iii (1883), 122 SS Siegf Ne 10:32; > Köii. 1, 19 n breaking out, i.e. sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence NH שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 42:1 +; cstr. v 19; sf. שִׁבְרָם v 26, שִׁבְרוֹ 44:2;—corn, grain 42:1, 2, 19, 26; 43:2; 44:2; 47:14 (acc. cogn.), Am 8:5 (id.); so perhaps (for בָּר) Gn 42:3 LagBN 230; כָּל־שׁ׳ Ne 10:32 all kinds of grain.

שִׁבָּרוֹן

שִׁבָּרוֹן n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—fig.; cstr. שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Ez 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖ מְרִירוּת), read שִׁבָּ׳ also (for MT שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Je 17:18.

שֶׁ֫בֶת

† I. שֶׁ֫בֶת n.f. seat, dwelling, place (properly Inf. Qal from ישׁב)מְקוֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת 1 K 10:19 = 2 Ch 9:18 the place of the seat; שֶׁבֶת חָמָס Am 6:3 a seat (throne, or enthronement) of violence; לְשֶׁבֶת עָ֑ר Nu 21:15 toward the dwelling (i.e. place, location) of ʿÂr; יִשָּֽׂרְפוּ בַשָּׁ֑בֶת 2 S 23:7 they are burned in the (same) place, i.e. on the spot, but del. שׁ׳ We Dr Bu; שִׁבְתּוֹ Ob 3 his (thy) dwelling-place.—ii. שֶׁבֶת v. sub שׁבת.

שַׁבָּת

שַׁבָּת111 n.f. Ex 31:14 + m. Is 56:2, 6; 66:23, (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 47) Sabbath (= ת + שׁבת; NH שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (‖ ûm nûḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. tablets); cf. Lotz Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883 Jen ZA iv (1869), 274 ff. (doubts connexion of Assyrian word with Heb. Sabbath) Id S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f. Muss-Arn JBL xi (1892), 93 Schwally Idiot. 127; v. (more recently) JastrAm. J. Theol. ii (1898), 312 ff. Toy TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff. Dr Hast DB Sabbath (1902) Zim KAT3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff. [15th day of month so called] 458 ff.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ex 16:25 + 64 times; cstr. שַׁבַּת v 23 + 10 times; sf. שַׁבַּתּוֹ Nu 28:10 + 3 times sf.; pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת Lv 23:15 + 7 times; cstr. שַׁבְּתֹת v 38 25:8(×2); sf. שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Is 56:4 +, etc.;—
1. sabbath: a. primitive שׁ׳ ליהוה Ex 16:25 (J), 20:10 = Dt 5:14 (ten words) Lv 23:3 (P); הַשּׁ׳ Ex 16:29 (J); בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳ Ex 16:26 (J); on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת 20:8, 11 = Dt 5:12, 15 (ten words), so throughout; Ex 31:15 + 3 times P, Je 17:21; Ez 46:4; Ne 10:32 + 9 times, + (‖ new moon) Is 1:13; Ez 46:1; 2 K 4:23; Am 8:5, cf. Is 66:23(×2), also חג and מועד Ho 2:13; time of change of watch in temple 2 K 11:5, 7, 9(×2) = 2 Ch 23:4, 8(×2); מיסך הַשּׁ׳ (in temple) 2 K 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Ex 20:9, 10 = Dt 5:12—14; Ex 23:12 (E), 34:21 (J; Br Hex. 181—195). b. Deut. reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Dt 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v 12 = Ex 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳ Je 17:22, 24, 27 (especially no load carried), Ez 20:20; 44:24. c. intensified by antith. חלּל שׁ׳ Ez 20:13 + 5 times Ez, cf. Ne 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁמר (ה)שׁ׳ Lv 19:3, 30; 26:2, then P Ex 31:13, 14, 16; cf. Is 56:2, 4, 6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳: 58:13(×2) (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Lv 26:35; סִמָּחְֽרַת הַשּׁ׳ 23:11, 15, 16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי 19:3, 30; 26:2; Is 56:4; Ez 20:12; 22:26, + 8 times Ez; ‖ מוֹעֵד La 2:6. d. P gives as basis God’s resting Ex 20:11; 31:17; שׁבתות י׳ Lv 23:38; קדשׁ ליהוה שׁ׳ Ex 16:23, cf. Ne 9:14, שׁ׳ שׁבתון Ex 31:15; 35:2; Lv 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳ Ex 31:16, עֹלַת שׁ׳ בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ Nu 28:10, cf. Is 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ Lv 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת 1 Ch 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, ‖ חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים 23:31 + 3 times Chr, Ne 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Nu 15:32; trade prohib. Ne 10:32; 13:15—21.
2. day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Lv 16:31; 23:32 (P), cf. שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v 32 (P).
3. sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Lv 25:4 (H); שַׁבָּת ליהוה v 2, 4 (H); (הארץ) רצה שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ 26:34(×2), 43 (H), 2 Ch 36:21.
4. = week (?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Lv 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתֹת (ה)שָּׁנִים 25:8(×2) (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (v. Mk 16:2, 9; Lk 18:12; Mt 28:1, cf. J.Aram. usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Is 66:23 = week (Du).
5. שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Lv 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

שָׁבַת

שָׁבַת71 vb. cease, desist, rest (Assyrian šabâtu, prob. cease, be completed DlWB ZimKAT3. 593 (JenZA iv (1889), 277 f. is sceptical); Arabic سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; NH has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of neglect);—
Qal27 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 2:3 +; 3 pl. שָׁבָ֑תוּ La 5:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבּוֹת Ho 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Pr 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבֹּת Lv 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v 34 Ne 6:3 +, etc.;— 1. cease: (abs. 13 times) of seasons Gn 8:22 (J); manna Jos 5:12 (P), etc., Is 14:4(×2) Ne 6:3 +; c. מִן Ho 7:4 + 3 times 2. desist from labour, rest: a. c. מִן (of God) Gn 2:2, 3 (P) b. מִן om., ב temp. Ex 23:12 (E), 16:30; 34:21 (J), 31:17 (P); בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ׳ 34:21 (J.; i.e., even in these busy seasons). c. land in 7th year Lv 26:34, 35(×2) (H), 2 Ch 36:21.—Lv 23:32; 25:2 v. [שָׁבַת] vb. denom. Infr.
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּת Is 17:3 + 2 times; pl. נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ez 6:6;—cease: abs. Ez 6:6; 30:18; 33:28; c. מִן Is 17:3.
Hiph.40 Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּית Ru 4:14 +; 2 ms. הִשְּׁבַּתָּ ψ 89:45; 119:119, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁבִּית Pr 18:18 Dn 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת 2 K 23:11 2 Ch 16:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁבִּית ψ 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Am 8:4 (Ges§ 53 q); Imv. mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Is 30:11; Pt. מַשְׁבִּית Je 16:9 ψ 46:10;— 1. cause to cease, put an end to: c. acc. mirth Ho 2:13, work 2 Ch 16:5; Ne 4:5; sacrifice Dn 9:27; war ψ 46:10, cf. Is 13:11; Ez 7:24; Pr 18:18 + 6 times, + הִשׁ׳ קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן Je 7:34; 16:9, cf. 48:33. 2. = exterminate, destroy: c. acc. 2 K 23:5, 11; Am 8:4 (Now conj. העשׁקים), Ho 1:4 ψ 8:3; 119:119; c. acc. + מִן, Je 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Lv 26:6 (H), Ez 34:25; אלילים 30:13; Dt 32:26. 3. cause to desist from: c. מִן Ez 16:41; 34:10; Ex 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Jos 22:25 (P). 4. remove (= הֵסִיר מִן: c. מִן Ez 23:27, 48 ψ 89:45 (text dub.: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3] 𝔊 Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Che, v. also sub מֳהָר); leaven מבתים Ex 12:15 (P); הַשׁ׳ אֶח־ק׳ ישׂר׳ מִפָּנֵינוּ Is 30:11. 5. cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Lv 2:13 (P); acc. pers. + ל pers. Je 48:35; Ru 4:14. I. שֶׁבֶת v. ישׁב.

שֶׁ֫בֶת²

† II. שֶׁ֫בֶת n.f. cessation (dub.) Pr 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב, 𝔊 ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Ex 21:19 i.e. from work = his loss of time (but Di i. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Is 30:7 perhaps = a sitting still (indolently) √ ישׁב, but prob. crpt., v. Du Che al.

שָׁבַת²

[שָׁבַת] vb.denom. keep, observe (sabbath);—
Qal , c. acc. cogn.; Pf. 3 fs. וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳ Lv 25:2, cf. 2 Ch 36:21; 2 mpl. מֵעֶרֶב עַד־ עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Lv 23:32 (P).

שַׁבָּתוֹן

שַׁבָּתוֹן n.m. sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳ Ex 16:23 + 10 times P; usually phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;
1. of weekly sabbath Ex 31:15; 35:2; Lv 23:3; Ex 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, prob. transp.).
2. day of atonement Lv 16:31; 23:32.
3. sabbatical year Lv 25:4, cf. שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v 5.
4. שׁ׳ alone of feast of trumpets Lv 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v 39, 39.

שַׁבְּתַי

שַׁבְּתַי n.pr. Levite;—Ezr 10:15; Ne 8:7; 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.

שָׂגָא

[שָׂגָא] vb. grow, grow great (√ only in Job; Aramaism; cf. Aramaic סְגִי, סְגָא, ܣܓܳܐ, all increase, grow great; Old Aramaic Biblical Aramaic Palm. שג(י)א adj. much);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. metapl. יִשְׂגֶּא Jb 8:11 (of plant; metapl. form Ges§ 75 oo; > van d. H. יִשְׂגֶּה).
Hiph. 1. make great, pt. מַשְׂגִּיא לַגּוֹיִם Jb 12:23 he maketh the nations great (v. ל 3 b). 2. magnify, laud, 2 ms. תַּשְׂגִּיא פעלו Jb 36:24 that thou magnify his work.—Vid. שׂגה.

שָׁגֵא

שָׁגֵא v. שָׁגֵה.

שָׂגַב

[שָׂגַב] vb. be (inaccessibly) high (cf. 𝔗 שְׂגַב Pa. [from Heb.] exalt);—
Qal Pf. 1. 3 fs. שָֽׂגְבָה Dt 2:36, of city, c. מִן, be (too) high for capture. 2. 3 mpl. שָֽׂגְבוּ Jb 5:11 of pers., be high in prosperity.
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׂגַּב Is 2:11, 17; נִשְׂגָּ֑ב Pr 18:10; 3 fs. נִשְׂגְּבָה ψ 139:6; Pt. נִשְׂגָּב Is 12:4 +; fs. נִשְׂגָּבָה Is 26:5; +;— 1. be high, walls Is 30:13; Pr 18:11; city Is 26:5; God’s knowledge ψ 139:6 (unattainable). 2. be (safely) set on high, Pr 18:10. 3. be exalted, of God Is 2:11, 17; 33:5; his name 12:4 ψ 148:13.
Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂגֵּב Is 9:10 ψ 107:41; sf. יְשַׂגֶּבְךָ 20:2, etc.;—trans. c. acc.: 1. set (securely) on high, ψ 20:2; 69:30; 91:14; c. מִן, of foe 59:2, affliction 107:41. 2. exalt, in effective hostility, c. עַל, Is 9:10.
Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׂגָּ֑ב Pr 29:25 be set (securely) on high.
Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׂגִּיב Jb 36:22 God acts exaltedly בְּכֹחוֹ.

שָׁגַג

שָׁגַג vb. go astray, commit sin or error (שׁגה, שׁוג);—
Qal Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Lv 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Jb 12:16 ψ 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Nu 15:28;— 1. error, mentally Jb 12:16. 2. sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Lv 5:18; Nu 15:28 (P), cf. ψ 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Gn 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges§ 67 p Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4b.

שְׁגָגָה

שְׁגָגָה n.f. sin of error, inadvertence;—abs. שׁ׳ Nu 15:25 +; sf. שִׁגְגָתוֹ Lv 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Nu 15:25;—error (opp. sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Nu 15:25 = Ec 5:5, cf. Ec 10:5; על שׁ׳ Lv 5:18 Nu 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Lv 4:2, 22, 27; 5:15; Nu 15:27, 28 + (vb. om.) v 26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Lv 4:22; Nu 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v 24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Lv 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Nu 35:11, 15 = Jos 20:3, 9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—1 S 14:24 v. שׁגה.

שָׂגָה

[שָׂגָה] vb. grow, increase (late; ‖ form of שׂגא);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂגֶּה ψ 92:13 righteous shall grow great like cedar (‖ יִפְרַח), cf. Jb 8:7 (opp. מִצְעָר; v 11 see שׂגא).
Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הִשְׂגּוּ־חַיִל ψ 73:12 they have increased riches.

שָׁגֵה

שָׁגֵה (שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David 1 Ch 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, 𝔊L Σαμαια.

שָׁגָה

[שָׁגָה] vb. go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ id.);—
Qal Pf. 1 s. שָׁגִיתִי Jb 6:24; 19:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁגֶּה Pr 5:23, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁגוֹת 19:27; Pt. שֹׁגֶה Ez 45:20; Pr 20:1, etc.;— 1. error, stray, of flock Ez 34:6 (fig.). 2. swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Is 28:7(×2); = be intoxicated, Pr 20:1; so with (בּ) love 5:19, 20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Is 28:7. 3. go astray, morally, 1 S 26:21; Pr 5:23; Jb 6:24; 19:4, + 1 S 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th We Dr Now (after 𝔊; otherwise Bu HPS); c. מן, of י׳’s commands ψ 119:21, 118, מִן of words of knowledge Pr 19:27. 4. specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Lv 4:13; Nu 15:22 (P) Ez 45:20 (cf. שׁגג).
Hiph. lead astray: 1. lit., Pt. מַשְׁגֶּה Dt 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ). 2. מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Jb 12:16. 3. morally, Pt. Pr 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands ψ 119:10; + perhaps Jb 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

שְׂגוּב

שְׂגוּב n.pr.m. (exalted);—
1. son of rebuilder of Jericho (Hiel) 1 K 16:34 Qr (Kt שׂגיב; Ζεγουβ; 𝔊L om. v.).
2. of Judah 1 Ch 2:21, 22 (Σερουχ, 𝔊L Σεγουβ).

שָׁגַח

[שָׁגַח] vb.
Hiph. gaze (NH id., Ecclus 40:29; 50:5; late Rabb. הַשְׁגָּחָה = providence (from ψ 33:14); J Aram. שְׁגַח gaze, consider);—c. אֶל־ pers.: Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁגִּיחַ ψ 33:14 (of י׳; מִן loc.); Impf. 3 mpl. רֹאֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ יַשְׁגִּיחוּ Is 14:16 they that see thee, at thee shall they gaze (‖ אֵלֶיךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ; cf. משגיח על שלחן Ecclus 40:29); abs.: Pt. מַשְׁגִּיחַ Ct 2:9 (c. מִן from (the outside of) the windows).

שַׂגִּיא

שַׂגִּיא adj. great;—of God, abs. אֵל שַׂגִּיא Jb 36:26; cstr. שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ 37:23.

שְׁגִיאָה

[שְׁגִיאָהii. 1. 197] n.f. error;—pl. abs. שְׁגִיאוֹת ψ 19:13; read שְׁגָגוֹת?.

שׂגיב

שׂגיב v. שְׂגוּב.

שִׁגָּיוֹן

שִׁגָּיוֹן v. p. 993b.

שִׁגָּיוֹן²

שִׁגָּיוֹן doubtful word, ψ 7:1 (title), Ew De al. from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, i.e. wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; cf. LagBN 201 f. who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; 𝔊 ψαλμός, read prob. מִזְמוֹר; pl. שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Hb 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so 𝔊.

שֵׁגָל

שֵׁגָל n.f. (queen-) consort Ne 2:6 ψ 45:10, + perhaps Ju 5:30 c v. שָׁלָל (Palm. n.pr.f. שגל Lzb372 SAC111 GACooke309; Thes1363 cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to LagBN 51, 153 and not from √ [שָׁגֵל]).

שָׁגֵל

[שָׁגֵל] vb. violate, ravish (Mass. think verb obscene, and subst. שָׁכַב);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁגָּלֶנְּה Dt 28:30 Kt (Qr יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה).
Niph. Impf. 3 fpl. תִּשָּׁגַלְנָה Is 13:16 Zc 14:2 women shall be ravished (both Kt; Qr תִּשָּׁכַבְנָה).
Pu. < Qal pass. (Ges§ 52 e) Pf. 2 fs. אֵיפֹה לֹא שֻׁגַּלְתְּ Je 3:2 where hast thou not been ravished? (Qr שֻׁכַּבְתְּ).

שָׁגַע

[שָׁגַע] Pu. be mad (Arabic سَجَعَ coo, of male pigeon, utter long whinny, of camel (cf. HoffmZAW iii (1883), 89 RSJPhil. xiv. 119 f. GoldziherArabic Philol. i. 59 ff. LagBN 202); Ethiopic ዘንግዐ: be mad (n ins., Di1055 BAES 50); Assyrian šegû, rage, howl; on meaning in Heb. v. especially WeSkizzen iii. 130);—Pu. Pt. as adj.: pred. וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע Dt 28:34 thou shalt be maddened (מִן because of), fig. for driven to despair; מ׳ of proph., contemptuously Ho 9:7, כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳ וּמִתְנַבֵּא Je 29:26, as subst. 2 K 9:11; pl. מְשֻׁגָּעִים 1 S 21:16 madmen. Hithp. shew madness; Pt. אִישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ 1 S 21:15; Inf. cstr. לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ v 16.

שִׁגָּעוֹן

שִׁגָּעוֹן n.m. madness;—הִכָּה בְּשׁ׳ Dt 28:28 smite with madness, fig. of wild and helpless panic (‖ עִוָּרוֹן, תִּמְהוֹן לֵבָב), Zc 12:4 (‖ תִּמָּהוֹן); בְּשׁ׳ 2 K 9:20 (hyperb.) madly.

שֶׁ֫גֶר

שֶׁ֫גֶר n.[f. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 70] offspring, young of beasts (שגר id. Ecclus 40:19; cf. WeSkizzen iii. 170);—cstr. שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Ex 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13; 28:4, 18, 51 (all ‖ עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

שׁגר

שׁגר (√ of foll.; cf. Aramaic שְׁגַר cast, throw, Ex 13:12 𝔗J drop young, ܫܓܰܪ misit, demisit (rare); cf. Dr Dt 7:13).

שִׂגְשֵׂג

שִׂגְשֵׂג v. II. סוּג.

שֵׁד

[שֵׁד] n.[m.] appar. demon (loan-word from Assyrian šêdu, a protecting spirit, especially of bull-colossus, DlPa 153 f.; WB 646; COT Dt 32:17 ZimKAT3. 460 f., 455, 649; cf. Aramaic שֵׁידָא, ܫܺܐܕܳܐ demon, and (perhaps) Ph. n.pr. גדשדZMG xlii (1888), 481 Lzb249; orig. √ שׁוד (= Arabic سَادَ rule) according to Thes Baud Sem. Rel. i. 130 ff. DlWB al.; > Arabic سعد (iii, iv aid), HomZMG xlvi (1892), 529, against this Ziml. c.);—יִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לֹא אֱלֹהַּ Dt 32:17 (cf. Dr), ψ 106:37 (human sacrifice).

שַׁד

שַׁד ii. שֹׁד breast, v. שׁדה.

שֹׁד

I. שֹׁד v. שׁדד.

שַׁד²

[שַׁד] n.m. Ho 9:14 female breast;—abs. שָׁ֑ד La 4:3; elsewhere du. שָׁדַיִם Ho 9:14 +, cstr. שְׁדֵי Ez 23:21 +, sf. שָׁדַי Ct 1:13; 8:10, שָׁדַיִךְ 4:5 +, etc.;—breast:
1. of woman Ho 2:4; Ez 16:7; 23:3, 21 (שְׁדֵי נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ, ‖ דַּדַּיִךְ), v 34 (> del. 𝔊 Codd. Co;—all these of personif. people), Ct 1:13; 4:5; 7:4, 8, 9; 8:8, 10; of mother ψ 22:10, c. יָנַק suck Ct 8:1; Jb 3:12; Jo 2:16; Ho 9:14 (v. [צָמַק]); עֲתִיקֵ׳ מִשּׁ׳ Is 28:9 i.e. those already weaned, mature (‖ גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב).—Is 32:12 v. [ספד].
2. of animal La 4:3.
3. both human and animal, בִּרְכוֹת שׁ׳ וָרָ֑חַם Gn 49:25 (poem in J).

שֹׁד²

† I. שֹׁד, שׁוֹד (v. infr.) n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ abs. Ho 7:13 +; cstr. Is 22:4 +;—
1. violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Am 3:10; Je 6:7; 20:8; Ez 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Hb 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Ho 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, 𝔊 We Marti al.), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Is 59:7; 60:18; Pr 24:2 (‖ עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Pr 21:7; c. genit. obj. שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים ψ 12:6.
2. devastation, ruin, for nation Ho 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Is 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳) = Jo 1:15; Is 16:4; (Lo Gr CheHpt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖ רֹמֵס), 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר 51:19; Je 48:3; more gen. Am 5:9(×2); for individ. Jb 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v 22; for beasts Hb 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Ho 10:14 v. שׁדד Inf.—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Ho 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר We Now Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, v. שׁדה.

שֹׁד³

† II. שֹׁד n.m. id. (cf. the rare Arabic ثُدٌ, Lane333 BaZMG xli. 637);—שׁ׳ abs., of mother Jb 24:9; cstr. (fig., c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Is 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ 66:11, i.e. the consolations of Jerusalem.

שָׂדַד

[שָׂדַד] vb.
Pi. harrow (שׂדד id. Ecclus 38:25margin 26; cf. Assyrian šadâdu, draw, drag);—Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂדֵּד Jb 39:10 (of beast); human subj., c. acc. of ground Is 28:24 (+ יִפְתַּח, ‖ יַחֲרֹשׁ); יְשַׂדֶּד־לוֹ Ho 10:11 (‖ יַחֲרוֹשׁ; fig. of Jacob).

שָׁדַד

[שָׁדַד56] vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ez 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי ψ 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges§ 67 q Bae) ψ 91:6, sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges§ 67 n) Pr 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Je 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Ges§ 67 cc) 49:28; Inf. abs. שָׁדוֹד Mi 2:4; cstr. לִשְׁדוֹד Je 47:4 (Ges§ 45 g), cf. also שֹׁד Ho 10:14; Pt. act. שֹׁדֵד Je 6:26 +, etc.; pass. שָׁדוּד Ju 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה ψ 137:8;—violently destroy, pers., = slay Ju 5:27 (pass.), Je 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖ הִכָּה); acc. Philistines 47:4 (‖ הִכְרִית), v 4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, acc. בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Je 51:55, cf. ψ 137:8 (read prob. הַשֹּׁדֵדָה We Du cf. Ew Hi הַשָּׁדוֹדָה v. Köii. 194); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Ez 32:12 (‖ נִשְׁמַד), cf. Ho 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Je 25:36 (subj. י׳), abs. Is 21:2 (‖ בָּגַד), 33:1 (on use of pt. v. Ges§ 120 b), pass. v 1 (‖ בָּנַד), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Je 4:30 (Gf BaNB 179, but dub.; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, acc. pers. Je 49:28; = bring pers. to ruin Mi 2:4 (Inf. abs. + Niph. q.v.), Pr 11:3; weaker, assail ψ 17:9; elsewhere Pt. act. as subst. devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Is 16:1; 21:2; 33:1; Je 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Ob 5 (‖ גַּנָּבִים) del. Now GASm; personal foe Jb 15:21; representing wicked in gen. 12:6 (‖ מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל).
Niph. Pf. 1 pl. שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Ges§ 67 u) we are utterly ruined Mi 2:4.
Pi. Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Pr 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖ אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); Pt. as subst. מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Pr 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖ יַבְרִיחַ אֵם).
Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁדַּד Is 15:1 +, 3 fs. שֻׁדְּדָה Je 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Na 3:7 (Ges§ 52 q), etc.;—be devastated, of city Is 15:1(×2); 23:1; Je 48:1; 49:3; Na 3:7, country or nation Je 4:20, cf. v 13 9:18; 48:15, 20; 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Je 4:20; 10:20, trees Zc 11:2 (del. StaZAW i (1881), 25), cf. v 33, strength of ships Is 23:14, field (by drought) Jo 1:10, crop v 10. †Pōʿel violently destroy: Impf. 3 ms. יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Ho 10:2 (‖ יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם).
Hoph. Impf. (or Qal pass. Impf.? cf. Ges§ 53 u) be devastated: 3 ms. בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Ho 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2 ms. תּוּשַּׁד Is 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, v. Qal).

שִׁדָּה

שִׁדָּה n.f. meaning unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ec 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (𝔊 οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (cf. 𝔙), prob. from same √; Dl Prol. 97ii. 1. 161 Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, v. i. שָׂרָה).

שָׂדֶה

שָׂדֶה318 n.m. Lv 27:24 id. (ordinary contr. form Ges§ 84 a f);—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 2:5(×2) +; cstr. שְׂדֵה 14:7 +; sf. שָׂדִי Je 32:7, 8, שָֽׂדְךָ Dt 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ 24:19 Lv 25:3, etc.; pl. שָׂדוֹת 1 S 22:7 +, cstr. שְׂדוֹת Ne 12:29; also שְׂדֵי 2 S 1:21; Is 32:12; Ru 1:1 + 8 times (some might be sg. = שְׂדֵה cf. BaZMG xiii (1888), 351 SS Buhl; note, e.g. שְׂדֵי Ru 1:6a, = שְׂדֵה v b; 4:3; but v. Köii. 1, 77); sf. שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Ne 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1 K 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Mi 2:4;—
1. open field, country: a. pasture-land Gn 29:2; 30:16; Ex 9:3 (all J), Dt 11:15; 1 S 11:5 + 10 times J, JE. b. unfrequented Gn 24:63, 65, exposed to violence 4:8 (J), 2 S 14:6; Dt 21:1; 22:25, 27, to wild beasts Ex 22:30 (E), Ez 33:27. c. specif. home of beasts: 2 S 17:8; Je 14:5; especially phr. חַיַּת הַשּׂ׳ Gn 2:19, 20; 3:1, 14 (all J) of beasts in gen., and, of wild beasts, Ex 23:11, 29 (E), Ho 2:14, 20; 4:3; 13:8; Dt 7:22; Lv 26:22 (H), Jb 5:23 (‖ חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 times; בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ׳ 1 S 17:44 cf. Jo 1:20; אַיְלוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Ct 2:7; 3:5, cf. הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ׳ 2 S 2:18; hunting-ground Gn 25:29; 27:3, 5 (all JE), cf. אִישׁ שׂ׳ 25:27 (JE; ‖ אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד). d. yielding plants and trees: Gn 25:27 (JE), 30:14 (J), Ex 10:5 (JE), 2 K 4:39; Ez 21:2; 39:10; especially phr. עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ׳ Gn 2:5; 3:18 (both J), + 6 times + ע׳ בַּשּׂ׳ Zc 10:1; שִׂיחַ הַשּׂ׳ Gn 2:5, גֶּפֶן שׂ׳ 2 K 4:39, פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ׳ v 39, צִיץ הַשּׂ׳ Is 40:15 ψ 103:15, צֶמַח הַשּׂ׳ Ez 16:7; עֵץ חַשּׂ׳ (4 times עֲצֵי) Ex 9:25 (JE), Dt 20:19; Lv 26:4 (H) Is 55:12 + 8 times; 2 S 1:21 v. תְּרוּמָה, √ רום. e. stony, אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ׳ Jb 5:23. f. open country, outside of walled city Ju 9:32, 42, 43, 44; 19:16; 1 S 19:3; 20:5, 11(×2), 24, 35; 2 K 7:12 Mi 4:10; as battle-ground Jos 8:24 (J), 2 S 10:8 = 1 Ch 19:9; 2 S 11:23; 18:6, outside of military camp 1 S 4:2; 14:15; opp. city (in formula) 1 K 14:11; 16:4; 21:24; Je 14:18; Ez 7:15; שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Lv 25:31; as site of small town, country-town 1 S 27:5 (opp. royal city), cf. 1 Ch 27:25; of high places, גְּבָעוֹת בַּשּׂ׳ Je 13:27; quite gen., 1 S 30:11; Je 40:7, 13; including road Ju 20:31; 1 K 11:29; Je 6:25; disting. from road Nu 22:23 (JE), 2 S 20:12; outside houses and courtyards Ex 8:9 (P), 1 S 25:15; בַּשּׂ׳ nearly = outdoors Ex 1:14 (P), Ju 13:9; of surface of country or ground, בַּשּׂ׳ Ex 16:25 (JE); = עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר v 14), cf. 1 S 14:25; so עַל־פְּנֵי הַשּׂ׳ (אֶל) 2 K 9:37; Je 9:22; Ez 29:5 (‖ הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), 32:4; 39:5; sample phr. opp. house, comfort, etc., 2 S 11:11; Ez 16:5, opp. city Lv 14:7, 53, opp. tent Nu 19:16 (all P), opp. tent of meeting Lv 17:5 (H). g. = expanse of country, opp. mt., in phr. מְרוֹמֵי שׂ׳ Ju 5:18; הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ׳ Je 17:3 (of Jerus.) is dub.; cf. לְעִי הַשּׂ׳ Mi 1:6 (Je 18:14 v. שָׂדַי).
2. definite portion of ground, field, land: a. cultivated ground Gn 37:7 (E), 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Ex 22:4(×3), 5 (E), Lv 27:16, 17 (P), Mi 3:12 (in sim.) Ru 2:2 + 47 times, + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֹת 2 S 1:21, שׂ׳־זָ֑רַע Ez 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֹב v 8 good soil. b. as private property, Mi 2:2, 4; Is 5:8(×2); Gn 47:20 (J), 23:9, 11, 13 (P) + 50 times, + 2 Ch 26:23 (as burial-place); also חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ׳, v. חֶלְקָה; and שׂ׳ צֹפִים, v. צפה. c. city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Gn 41:48 (E), Lv 25:34 (P), Jos 21:12 (P) = 1 Ch 6:41; Ne 11:25; 30; 12:39, 44; specif. of Zoan ψ 78:12, 43. d. territory of nation, tribe: Gn 32:4; Nu 21:20 (both JE), Ju 5:4; Ru 1:1, 2; Gn 14:7 + 13 times + שְׂדֵה נַחֲלַת יִשׂ׳ Ju 20:6. e. personal estate of king, 2 S 9:7; 19:30.
3. land, opp. sea, 1 Ch 16:32 (opp. הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי ψ 96:12), perhaps also mainland Ez 26:6, 8 (Co Krae Toy al.; not Sm).

שׂדה

שׂדה (√ of foll., meaning unknown; foll. plausibly connected with Assyrian šadû, mountain, used by people whose land was mountainous (cf. Ju 5:18 Dt 32:13 +), by JPPetersJBL xii (1893), 54 f. and (simultan.) BAES (1893), 65 f. cf. WklAltor. Forsch. ii. (1894), 192; JägerBAS ii. 282 cp. Assyrian šedtum, pasture-land; TelAm. (Canaan. gloss) šatê WklTelAm. 180, 56; Ph. שד = BH, NH = BH, so Ecclus 40:22).

שׁדה

שׁדה (√ of foll.; Arabic ثَدَى moisten, ثَدْىٌ breast; Aramaic pl. תְּדַיָּא, ܬܕܰܝܳܐ breasts; cf. LagBN 171; Heb. n. orig. *שָׁדֶה BaNB 9, cf. id.ZMG xli (1887), 637).

שַׁדַּי

שַׁדַּי v. infr. אַשְׁדוֹד v. p. 78; > here, Thes al.

שָׂדַי

שָׂדַי n.m. ψ 96:12 field, land (rare orig. form of שָׂדֶה (q.v. infr.), only poet.);—abs. שׂ׳ Je 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Ho 10:4 +;—
1. cultivated field 12:12, also 10:4 (si vera l., but v. Now), yielding food Dt 32:13 La 4:9; שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ׳ Je 4:17 keepers, watchmen, of a field.
2. home of wild beasts: בְּהֵמוֹת שׂ׳ ψ 8:8 Jo 2:22, חַיְתוֹ שׂ׳ Is 56:9 ψ 104:11, זִיז שׂ׳ 50:11; 80:14.
3. plain, opp. mt., Je 18:14 (but dub., Co Du שִׂרְיֹן).
4. land, opp. sea, ψ 96:12 (cf. שָׂדֶה 3; ‖ תֵּבֵל ψ 98:7).

שַׁדַּי²

שַׁדַּי48 n.m. dei (etym. dub. (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-)sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Thes De Di Sta, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ew§ 155 c, but שׁדד (q.v.) is deal violently not simply mightily; cf. 𝔊 παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), 𝔙 mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (v. שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖ אֲדֹנָי, בעליSBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481; HoffmPh. Inscr. 53; used of foreign deities (Dt 32:17), and so discredited (cf. בַּעַל).—> other conj., e.g. RSOTJC, 424שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); DlPr 96 sq. Assyrian šadûʾ, high, ilu šadûʾa, CheComm. Is ii. 148, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; v. further Dr Gn 404 ff.);—
1. שַׁדַּי Nu 24:4, 16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Ru 1:20, 21 ψ 68:15; 91:1 Jo 1:15 = Is 13:6; Ez 1:24 (del. Co); especially Jb 5:17 + 30 times Jb (+ 19:29 Ew Di, reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין).
2. אֵל שַׁדַּי Gn 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, v. Sam. 𝔊 𝔖 Saad, Heb. Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Gn 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; 48:3; Ex 6:3; Gn 43:14 (RP); so Ez 10:5 (del. Co; but 𝔊 Σαδδαι).

שְׁדֵיאוּר

שְׁדֵיאוּר n.pr.m. in Reuben (read prob. שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, v. NöZMG xv (1860), 809 NeEg.. 46 GrayProp. N. 169, 197);—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Nu 1:5; 2:10; 7:30, 35; 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

שִׂדִּים

שִׂדִּים n.[m.] pl. in n.pr.loc. עֵ֫מֶק הַשּׂ׳ vale of Siddim Gn 14:3 (identif. with Dead Sea), v 8, 10 (= vale of furrows? or (Di after Onk Sam) of fields (= הַשָּׂדִים); 𝔊 ἡ κοιλὰς [φαραγξ] ἡ ἁλυκή; RenanHist. Isr. i. 116; Eng.Tr. i. 98 WeIsr. u. Jüd Gesch. (3) 101 proposes ע׳ הַשֵּׁדִים demon-valley).

שִׂדִּים²

שִׂדִּים v. שׂדד.

שַׁדּ֯יּן

שַׁדּ֯יּן Jb 19:29 v. דין p. 192b supra.

שׁדם

שׁדם (√ of following; meaning unknown).

שְׁדֵמָה

[שְׁדֵמָה] n.f. field;—only pl.: abs. שְׁדֵמוֹת Hb 3:17 Je 31:40 Qr (> Kt השׁרמות); cstr. שַׁדְמ(וֹ)ת Dt 32:32 + 2 times;—fields, as cultivated Dt 32:32, also (c. vb. sg.) Is 16:8; Hb 3:17; as locality 2 K 23:4, area Je 31:40.—שְׁדֵמָה Is 37:27 v. שְׁדֵפָה.

שָׁדַף

[שָׁדַף] vb. scorch, blight (NH id.; Niph. Hithp. be blighted; J.Aram. שְׁדַף Ithpe. burn (up); Arabic سدف iv. be dark);—
Qal Pt. pass. cstr., of ears of grain, שְׁדוּפֹת קָדִים Gn 41:6 scorched by a sirocco, so שְׁדֻפוֹת ק׳ v 23, שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ v 27 (all E).

שְׁדֵפָה

שְׁדֵפָה n.f. blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה 2 K 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, i.e. before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Is 37:27, cf. Di), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kit שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; We (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Che: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

שִׁדָּפוֹן

שִׁדָּפוֹן n.m. smut, on crops (LagBN 202 VogelstLandwirthsch. 56);—שׁ׳ abs. + יֵרָקוֹן Am 4:9, cf. Hg 2:17, Dt 28:22 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28.

שְׂדרָה

שְׂדרָה v. סדר.

שְׂדֵרָה

[שְׂדֵרָה] n.f. 1. row, rank of soldiers in line. 2. architectural term. (prob. for סְדֵרָה, v. supr. and cf. Ba § 92 a);—only pl. abs. שְׂדֵרוֹת 2 K 11:8 2 Ch 23:14, -רֹת 1 K 6:9 2 K 11:15;—
1. rows, ranks, 2 K 11:8, and v 15 = 2 Ch 23:14 (where thought to be gloss by Benz, on account of מִבַּיִת, within).
2. term. techn. of building, גֵּבִים וּשְׂדֵרֹת בָּאֲרָזִים 1 K 6:9, meaning unknown.

שַׁדְרַךְ

שַׁדְרַךְ n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Dn 1:7 (from and meaning dub.; Dl (cf. COT Dr) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; JenTh LZ 1895, 329 thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; KohlerZA iv (1889), 50 conj. מרדך, so WklAltor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57 ZimKAT3. 396).

שׁדשׁ

שׁדשׁ (√ of foll.; Sab. סדתֿ, סתֿ, six Sab Denkm 90 HomChrest. 47. 124; Arabic سَادِسٌ sixth (assim. of last cons.), سِتٌّ, سِتَّةٌ six; Ethiopic ስሱ, ስድስቱ six; Assyrian sudušu (s!) six-fold, seššu, sixth; cf. also Aramaic שֵׁית, שִׁתָּא, ܫܶܬ, ܫܶܬܳܐ six, Nab. שת, Palm. שתא Ldzb383 SAC118).

שֶׂה

שֶׂה n.m. Gn 30:32 and (less often) f. Je 50:17 one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (Assyrian šuʾu, Arabic شَاةٌ, pl. شَآءٌ, شِوَاهٌ, etc. (also wild ox), cf. Egyptian sau, sheep Bondi65, cf. Id.Ba NB § 2 b δ);—abs. שֶׂה Gn 30:32 +, cstr. שֵׂה Is 43:23 +; sf. שֵׂיוֹ Dt 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ 1 S 14:34; not in pl.;—
1. a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of צֹאן: as property Gn 30:32(×2) (E; + צֹאן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Ex 21:37(×2) (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן coll.), 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר), v 8 (id.), v 9 (id.; all E); Dt 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), 1 S 17:34 (זה Kt van d. H. erron., v. Baer Dr), roaming pasture Is 7:25, straying ψ 119:176 (sim.), slaughtered Is 53:7 (in sim.); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Ju 6:4; 1 S 22:19; Jos 6:21 (J), + id. + גָּמָל 1 S 15:3; as sacrifice Gn 22:7, 8 (J), Ex 13:13; Lv 5:12; 12:8; Nu 15:11 (שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים; all P), Dt 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Is 43:23; 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצֹּאן Ez 45:15; cf. Ex 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v 20 (J), Lv 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Lv 22:28 (H); unfit v 23 (H), Dt 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food 1 S 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים Dt 14:4 (+ id.); for passover Ex 12:3(×2), 4(×2), 5 (P); fig. of Isr. Ez 34:17(×2) (‖ אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים), v 20(×2), 22(×2).
2. coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Je 50:17 (= צֹאן אֹבְדוֹת v 6).

שָׂהֵד

[שָׂהֵד] n.[m.] witness (Aramaic loan-word = Heb. עֵד; √ סְהַד, ܣܗܰܕ );—sf. שָֽׂהֲדִי Jb 16:19 (‖ עֵדִי).—שָֽׂהֲדוּתָא Gn 31:47 v. Biblical Aramaic Lex.

שֹׁ֫הַם

† I. שֹׁ֫הַם n.m. Jb 28:16 a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus RiHWB 2, 336 f. onyx TaylorHast. DB iii. 624, beryl RidgewayEncy. Bib. 545 malachite Myresib. 4808, etc.; cf. also Dr Gn 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, cf. Assyrian sâmtu DlWB 438);—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Gn 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (all P), 1 Ch 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ez 28:13; Ex 28:20; 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Jb 28:16.

שֹׁ֫הַם²

† II. שֹׁ֫הַם n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳ 1 Ch 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

שׂהר

שׂהר (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic شَهْرٌ new moon (شَهَرَ is make conspicuous, notorious); Ethiopic ሣህር: id.; 𝔗 סִיהֲרָא, Syriac ܣܰܗܪܳܐ moon; Old Aramaic שהר moon-god Lzb373).

שַׂהֲרוֹן

[שַׂהֲרוֹן] n.[m.] moon, or crescent;—only pl. הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִים of (non-Israel.) ornaments of camels Ju 8:21, kings v 26, women Is 3:18, 𝔊 μηνίσκοι, 𝔙 (Is 3:18) lunulae; on crescent as ornament v. Dozyii. 760 LaneEgypt. ii. 314 PerlesAnal. 79, cf. Frä58.

שָׁו

שָׁו Jb 15:31 Kt, v. שָׁוְא.

שְׁוָא

שְׁוָא n.pr.m.
1. Calebite 1 Ch 2:49, Σαου, Σουε.
2. secretary, David’s time 2 S 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, 𝔊L Σουσα (v. שְׂרָיָה(וּ) 1).

שָׁוְא

שָׁוְא n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Jb 15:31 (Kt);—
1. emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם ψ 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? cf. שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Jb 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ ψ 31:7 (idols) = Jon 2:9, cf. Je 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Is 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Ex 20:7(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Dt 5:11(×2), cf. ψ 24:4; 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Ho 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ ψ 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳ in vain Je 2:30; 4:30; 6:29; 46:11; שׁ׳ ψ 127:1(×2); Mal 3:14; Jb 35:13.
2. emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Pr 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ ψ 12:3; 41:7; 144:8, 11; Is 59:4; Ez 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Ho 10:4 + 12:2 𝔊 We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Jb 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Dt 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Ex 20:16); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Ex 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Ez 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ La 2:14; v. also Ez 13:6, 7, 9, 23; 21:34; 22:28; Jb 35:13 (or empty complaint) La 2:14(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Ez 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zc 10:2.
3. of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men ψ 26:4; Jb 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Is 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Jb 15:31(×2), cf. DrJob, Psalt. 464.

שׂוֹא

שׂוֹא v. נשׂא p. 670 a.

שׁוא

I. שׁוא (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَآءَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ. baseness).

שׁוֹא

[שׁוֹא] n.[m.] ravage (?);—pl. sf. שֹׁאֵיהֶם ψ 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); 𝔊 κακουργία; Ol Dy Gr CheComm. plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, cf. v 16, 17c; We Du שֹׁאֲגִים.

שׁוא²

II. שׁוא (√ of foll.; prob. ‖ form of שׁאה).

שׁוֹאָה

שׁוֹאָה, שֹׁאָה n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳ Is 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה 47:11; Zp 1:15; Jb 30:14 (+ 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Pr 3:25;—
1. devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Is 10:3; 47:11 (Babylon personif.), ψ 35:8a; 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Pr 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Zp 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Ez 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Pr 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—ψ 35:8b read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, 𝔖 We (cf. v 7).
2. concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Jb 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v 26); = ruins Jb 30:14.

שׁוּב

שׁוּב1056 vb. turn back, return (NH id.; Hiph. in MI 8 f. 12; Sab. תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os ZMG xix (1865), 198 SabDenkm No. 20, l. 1 HomChrest. 122 CIS iv. 81, 1. 9, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ );—
Qal685 Pf. 3 ms. שָׁב Gn 18:33 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫בָה Ru 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Ez 46:17 (Ges§ 72 o, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2 ms. שַׁבְתָּ ψ 85:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּב Ho 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב ψ 146:4; La 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Ju 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gn 26:18 +; 3 fpl. תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ez 16:55(×2), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v 55, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּב Gn 31:3 +, שֻׁב Ex 4:19; 1 K 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Ho 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Ru 1:8, 11, 12, etc.; Inf. abs. שׁוֹב Gn 8:3 +, cstr. שׁוּב Ex 4:21 +, שֹׁב Jos 2:16 (Ges§ 72 q), etc.; Pt. שָׁב Gn 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Ru 1:22 +, etc.; pass. cstr. שׁוּבֵי Mi 2:8;—turn back, return: 1. turn back, c. מִן loc. Ju 3:19; 8:13, cf. 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. from following 2 S 11:15; 1 K 19:21; Ru 1:16, from pursuing 2 S 2:26, 30; 1 K 22:33 = 2 Ch 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit 1 S 17:53; 23:28, cf. 2 Ch 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. so as to follow 1 S 15:31 2 S 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Jb 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Pr 30:30 (of lion), so abs. (of foes) ψ 6:11; 56:10; 70:4, in shame La 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Gn 14:7; Ex 14:2, cf. Nu 33:7 (עַל loc., both P), Jos 8:21 (E), 11:10 (J), 1 Ch 21:20, sq. inf. 2 Ch 20:27; abs. turn back (face about) Ct 7:1(×4) (+ vb.); = be repulsed, defeated ψ 9:4 (+ אָחוֹר), 74:21; fig. turn back, viz. from promise or vow Ju 11:35; c. מִן of service Nu 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt. 2. return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל pers. 1 S 17:15 (opp. הלך), 2 S 10:14; 2 K 18:14, מִן pers. Jos 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן loc., especially from foreign land 2 K 8:3; 2 Ch 10:2; Ru 1:6, 22; 2:6; 4:3; Je 31:16; 40:12; 43:5; 44:28; Ezr 6:21; Ne 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Gn 14:17 (JE?), 1 S 17:57; 18:6; 2 S 1:1; 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1 S 24:2 (Gi v 1); fig., לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 15:22 (v. חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Ex 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, cf. (abs.) pt. as subst. עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zc 7:14; 9:8 and (= all persons) Ez 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Gn 8:7 (J), רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Ez 1:14 (del. Hi Co Toy al.; yet v. Krae); Gn 8:3 (J) v. הלך 4 c (4). 3. especially return unto: a. go back, אֶל pers. Nu 23:5, 16 (JE), 2 K 1:6 (‖ הָלַךְ, as often), Ex 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, 32:31 (E; id.), Nu 17:15 (P), 2 S 20:22 (+ acc. loc.), Je 46:16 (both + אֶל loc.), + 17 times; אֶל loc. also Gn 21:32; 28:21 (both E), 2 S 11:4; Ho 5:15 (of י׳), 2 Ch 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל pers.), Est 2:14 (opp. בּוֹא), 7:8 (+ מִן loc.), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Pr 26:11; ל loc. Gn 18:33 (J), 1 S 26:25; 29:4; 1 K 19:15 (+ -ה loc.), Gn 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + id.), ψ 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל pers. †Ru 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה loc. also Gn 44:13 (J), Ex 4:20, 21 (R), 13:17 (E), + 5 times; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Je 22:27; acc. loc. also Ho 8:13; 9:3; 1 S 18:2; 2 S 3:27; 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), 2 K 2:25 (+ מִן loc.), + 15 times; acc. דֶּרֶךָ Ez 46:9; acc. pers. †Nu 10:36; אַחֲרֵי pers. Ru 1:15; abs. 2 S 3:16; 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), 1 K 18:43; Je 40:5 (< del. 𝔊 Gie Du), Ez 7:13b (del. 𝔊 Co Krae al.) +; sq. vb., go back and do so and so, Gn 43:2; 1 S 1:19; 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), 1 K 13:22; 2 Ch 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Je 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); sq. inf. purpose Ju 14:8; 2 S 6:20 + 10 times b. come back, אֶל pers. Gn 8:9 (J; + אֶל loc.), Ex 24:14 (J), 1 S 23:23 + 2 S 17:3 (𝔊 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1 K 12:15 (opp. הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Ju 20:48; אֶל loc. also Zc 8:3 (subj. י׳); Jos 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת pers. + מִן loc. + אֶל loc. + אֶל pers.; אֶל rei Ez 7:13; עַל pers. †Ne 4:6 Mi 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל loc. †1 K 17:21, 22; ל loc. Jos 1:15 (R), Zc 1:16 (subj. י׳), 2 Ch 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Jb 39:4; -ה loc. †Gn 15:16 (E), 50:14 (J); acc. loc. †2 Ch 19:8; שָׁם Je 22:11 (opp. יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v 27, הֵ֫נָּה 31:8; abs. Gn 43:10 (J), 2 S 10:5; 2 K 1:5; Is 21:12 (‖ אָתָה), Jb 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Ju 8:9; 1 K 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = 2 Ch 18:27; 2 Ch 18:26; + vb., come back and do so and so, †Dt 1:45; 30:8; Je 37:8; 1 K 19:7; 20:5; 2 K 9:36 ψ 60:2 (title), cf. Zc 4:1; Dn 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Nu 35:32 (P), שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Ec 5:14. †4. a. of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Gn 3:19(×2) (J), ψ 104:29; Ec 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Jb 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ ψ 146:4, cf. אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Jb 1:21 (v. Di Bu, also Ec 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה ψ 9:18; so prob. abs. ψ 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Ec 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v 7. b. of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Jb 7:10, abs. 10:21 (opp. הָלַךְ), 16:22 (id.), Pr 2:19; also c. אֶל pers. 2 S 12:23. †5. fig. of human relations: a. return to leader, king, אֶל pers., Ju 11:8; 1 K 12:27(×2); to divorced wife Je 3:1 (opp. הלך). b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ pers. Je 15:19(×2). c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל pers. ψ 119:79. d. return to a physical condition Jb 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Is 23:17; Ez 16:55(×3); Ne 9:17 ψ 85:9 עַל rei Je 11:10, הֲלוֹם ψ 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Je 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב). e. abs. = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ 2 K 24:1; Je 34:11, 16; bad to good v 15; so שׁ׳ alone Jb 6:29(×2) (prob.; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu al.; other interpr. De Du al.). f. pt. pass. = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mi 2:8 (> We Now שׁבִי spoil of war). 6. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: a. turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Nu 14:43 (J), 1 S 15:11; 1 K 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Je 3:19; Nu 32:15; Jos 22:16, 18, 23, 29 (all P); abs. (usually + vb.) Ju 2:19; 8:33; Jos 23:12 (RD), Je 8:4 ψ 78:41; 2 Ch 7:19. b. of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. Dt 23:15. c. turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Ho 6:1; 7:10; 14:3; Je 3:7; 1 K 8:33, 48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִיםHo 5:4 ψ 51:15, cf. Is 10:21; עַל־י׳2 Ch 15:4; 30:9; עַד־י׳ Am 4:6, 8, 9, 10, 11; Ho 14:2; Is 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּיJb 22:23; לי׳ Is 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי ψ 116:7; cf. לַבַּעַל Ho 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Now, cf. Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Pr 1:23 (prob. del., v. Toy). d. abs. repent, Ho 3:5; 11:5; Is 6:10; 10:22; Je 3:7, 12, 14, 22; 4:1; 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as subst. Is 1:27. e. turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) 1 K 8:35; 13:33; Je 15:7; 18:8 + 8 times Je, Ez 3:19; 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; cf. שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Is 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ez 18:30, so c. מֵעַל 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Ez 3:20; 18:24, 26; 33:18. f. of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Ex 32:12 (JE), Dt 13:18; Jos 7:26 (J), 2 K 23:26; Jon 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Ho 14:5; Je 2:35; 4:8; Nu 25:4 (P), 2 Ch 12:12; 29:10; 30:8, so (man’s anger) Gn 27:45 (J) and (abs.) v 44 (E); abs. of אַף־י׳ Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4; 12:1; Je 23:20 (opp. יָצָא v 19), 30:24 Jb 14:13; Dn 9:16. g. of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל pers. †Gn 18:10 (+ inf. abs.), v 14 Zc 1:3; Mal 3:7; 2 Ch 30:6, abs. Is 63:17 ψ 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), 90:13, + vb. Je 12:15 ψ 6:5 Jo 2:14 Jon 3:9; also in hostility, + vb. Jos 24:20 (E), c. inf. purpose Ho 11:9. h. of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Je 4:28, אֱמֶת ψ 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. cease to bless, Je 32:40. 7. of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life): a. as perceptibly moving, water Gn 8:3 (J; מֵעַל loc.), Jos 4:18 (J; ל loc.), Ex 14:26 (P; עַל pers.), v 28 (P; + vb.), ψ 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Ex 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind ψ 78:39 (opp. הלך), Ec 1:6 (עַל loc.); shadow 2 K 20:9, 10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Is 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Ju 15:19; 1 S 30:12 (אֶל pers.); clouds Ec 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Is 55:10 (ה loc.); rolling stone Pr 26:27; sword 2 S 1:22 (מִן rei), Ez 21:10, arrow Je 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Lv 14:43 (P). b. = be brought back, Gn 43:18 (J), 1 S 5:11 (ל loc.), hence be restored, ל pers. Ez 46:17, so of kingdom 1 K 12:26, city 1 S 7:14 (Ez 35:9 v. ישׁב 4), field Lv 27:24 (P); of animal Dt 28:31. c. = be turned into, ל rei, Is 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Mi 1:7. d. return, fig. of word, (1) Is 45:23, c. אֶל pers. 55:11 (both opp. יָצָא); (2) ψ 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du). e. turn away, depart, of infamy Pr 25:10. f. return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ 1 K 2:33; Ob 15 ψ 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Est 9:25, ל pers. ψ 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Pr 12:14. g. ψ 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith). h. of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), -ה loc. Jos 19:12 (+ מִן loc.), v 34 (+ acc. loc.), acc. loc. also v 27, 29 (+ עַד loc.), v 29. i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1 K 13:6(×2) (אֶל pers.), leprous hand Ex 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh 2 K 5:10 (ל pers.), v 14; Lv 13:16 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן). †8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges§ 120 d g): + vb., return (and) do = do again, Gn 26:18; 30:31; Nu 11:4 (all J), Ju 19:7; 1 S 3:5, 6; 1 K 13:33; 19:6; 2 K 1:11, 13; 19:9; 21:3 = 2 Ch 33:3; Je 18:4; 36:28; Zc 5:1; 6:1; Mal 1:4; Jb 10:16; 17:10 ψ 7:13; Dn 9:25, perhaps also 2 Ch 19:4; cf. Is 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), La 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + Inf. abs. Ec 4:1, 7; 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ez 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v 13 and (מִן comp.) v 15; שׁ׳ + Inf. cstr. Dt 24:4; 30:9; Jos 5:2 (RD), Je 36:28; Ez 8:17; Ezr 9:14; Ne 9:28; Jb 7:7; Ec 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + vb. Jos 2:23 (E), Ho 2:11; 2 K 13:25; Dt 30:3; Mi 7:19; Zc 8:15 ψ 71:20(×2); 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + vb. Dt 23:14. 9. trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (v. שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Is 52:8, שׁ׳ c. sf. pers. ψ 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Na 2:3, cf. Hiph. 9.
Pōʿl. 1. bring back, Pf. 1 s. וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Je 50:19 (י׳ subj.), Inf. cstr. sf. בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן loc. Ez 39:27 and (fig.) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל pers. Is 49:5; Impf. 2 ms. תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ ψ 60:3 = take us back into power. 2. a. fig. restore, refresh, 3 ms. נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב ψ 23:3 (י׳ subj.); cf. Hiph. 2 b. b. restore, repair, Pt. מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Is 58:12. 3. lead away (enticingly), Pf. 1 s. sf. (of Gog), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Ez 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ 39:2; so fig. 3 fs. sf. וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Is 47:10 (of Bab.);—Je 50:6 v. Qal. 4. shew turning = apostatize (cf. Hiph. 8), Pf. 3 fs. שׁוֹבְבָה Je 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. 𝔊).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra.
Puʿl. Pt. f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Ez 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra.
Hiph.353 Pf. 3 ms. Gn 41:13 +; sf. וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Dt 28:68; 2 ms. הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ ψ 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Dt 4:39; 30:1, sf. וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם 2 Ch 6:25; 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Am 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Nu 22:8 +, sf. וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zc 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, v. ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיב Ex 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Dn 11:18, 19 > Qr v 18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gn 20:14 +; sf. יְשִׁבֵנִי 2 S 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2 Ch 19:4 + 1 S 12:8 Vrss We Dr al.; 3 fpl. תָּשֵׁבְנָה Jb 20:10, etc.; Imv. ms. הָשֵׁב Gn 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2 K 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Is 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ez 21:35 (v. Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Ju 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב Ex 23:4 +; cstr. הָשִׁיב Gn 42:35 +, etc.; Pt. מֵשִׁיב 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back: 1. a. c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Gn 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), 28:15 (J), 42:37 (E), 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile 1 K 8:34 = 2 Ch 6:25; Je 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל pers. 1 K 22:26 = 2 Ch 18:25; + עַל loc. Je 16:15; 23:3; 24:6; + ל loc. 12:15; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr al.), Dt 28:68; Ez 29:14; 47:6; 2 Ch 33:13, etc.; + מִן loc. Je 41:16; Zc 10:10, מֵאֵת pers. Je 41:16, מִן inf. 2 Ch 25:13; acc. pers. only Ju 19:3; 1 K 13:20, 23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Je 34:11, 16; = allow to return 15:19; acc. pers. + rei (= recover, recapture), 28:6 (+ אֶל loc., מִן loc.); = recover, rescue, Gn 14:16 (acc. pers. + rei), ψ 35:17 (acc. נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); acc. rei + אֶל pers. Gn 44:8 (J), + עַל pers. Ex 15:9 (song), Pr 20:26; + אֶל loc. 1 K 14:28 = 2 Ch 12:11; Je 28:3; 2 Ch 24:11; acc. of hand, אֶל־פֶּה 1 S 14:27; Pr 19:24 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, sq. עַל Am 1:8; Is 1:25; Zc 13:7 ψ 81:15, also of man’s hand Je 6:9; Ez 38:12; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:25, 29; + שָׁם Ne 13:9; acc. rei alone Gn 43:12, 21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), 14:16 (= recapture), 1 S 6:21; 30:19; 1 K 13:29 (corpse), Lv 26:26 (H); c. acc. animal. 1 S 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ez 34:4, 16 (fig.); shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8.—Jb 39:12 v. Qal 3 b. b. put back: acc. rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Gn 29:3 (J), veil עַל־פָּנָיו Ex 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ 1 S 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Nu 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1 Ch 21:27; Ez 21:35 (acc. om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Ex 4:7(×2) (J; opp. הוֹצִיא). c. = draw back, hand Gn 38:29 (J), 1 K 13:4 (opp. שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Jos 8:26 (E; opp. נטה), so fig., י׳ subj. La 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), ψ 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from La 2:8; Ex 18:8, 17 (i.e. from oppressing), 20:22 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Is 58:13 (fig.); draw in breath Jb 9:18. d. = give back, restore, acc. pers. vel rei: + ל pers. Gn 20:14 (E), v 7 (E; acc. om.), Ex 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Dt 22:1 (id.; both acc. animal.), 24:13 (id.), Ex 22:25 (E), Ju 17:3(×2), 4; 1 S 12:3; 2 S 9:7; Dt 22:2 (P), Ne 5:11, so 2 S 16:3; 1 K 12:21 = 2 Ch 11:1 (all acc. of kingdom), c. acc. צְדָקָה Jb 33:26; + אֶל pers. Gn 37:22 (E; acc. pers.); + אֶל loc. 42:25 (E); acc. rei only, 2 K 8:6; Ez 18:7 (read Inf. abs. שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), 18:12; 33:15; Lv 5:23 (P), Nu 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), ψ 69:5 (opp. גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Ju 11:13; 1 K 20:34; Ne 5:12, cf. 2 K 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back 2 K 13:25; 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = 2 Ch 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2 K 14:25; restore ruined city Dn 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation ψ 80:4, 8, 20; joy, acc. + ל pers. ψ 51:14.—2 S 8:3 v. יָד 2.—Acc. pers. only, Gn 20:7 (E), Is 42:22; restore to office, acc. pers. + עַל Gn 40:13, 21 (E), אֶל loc. 2 S 19:12, acc. pers. only, 2 S 19:11, 13, 44, cf. Is 1:26; = pay back money, Lv 25:27 (ל pers.), v 51, 52. e. = relinquish, c. acc. rei, Jb 20:10. f. = give in payment, requital, c. acc. rei + appos. 1 S 6:8 (ל pers.), v 17 (id.; cf. טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), acc. rei 2 K 17:3 ψ 72:10, + ל pers. 2 K 3:4; 2 Ch 27:5; give in exchange Ez 27:15. g. bring one back (from dead) 2 S 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Jb 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Jb 10:9 = מָוֶת (acc.) 30:23, cf. עַד־דַּכָּא ψ 90:3. †2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל pers. Mal 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ La 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Ne 9:26 (cf. v 29), 2 Ch 19:4; 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Je 23:22, abs. 31:18. b. acc. נֶפֶשׁ = refresh La 1:11, 16, 19 ψ 19:8 Pr 25:13; Ru 4:15. 3. bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Ex 19:8 (E); then, in gen., bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + acc. pers. Gn 37:14; Nu 13:26; 22:8 (all E), Dt 1:22, 25; Jos 14:7 (RD), 22:32 (P), + 8 times; = answer 1 S 17:30; 2 S 3:11; 1 K 12:6 = 2 Ch 10:6 + 6 times, + (acc. מִלִּין) Jb 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Jb 13:22; 20:2; 33:5, 32; 2 Ch 10:16; Ne 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); acc. אֲמָרִים + ל pers. Ju 5:29; Pr 22:21; later c. ל pers. alone 1 S 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל pers. Est 4:13, 15; similar phrases, Ez 9:11; Pr 18:13; 24:26; 26:16; Hb 2:1; Jb 31:14; 32:14 (Gi v 15), 40:4. 4. a. bring back (in retribution), cf. Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, acc. of evil, Ju 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Ju 9:57; 1 S 25:39; 1 K 2:44; Jo 4:4, 7, עַל־רֹאשׁ 1 K 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Ne 3:36; ל pers. Gn 50:15 (E), 1 S 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v 4 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; abs. = make requital, ל pers. 2 Ch 6:23 + (כ comp.) Ho 12:3; Pr 24:12, 29; †c. acc. of good, ל pers. 1 S 26:23; 2 S 16:12; Zc 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל pers. ψ 18:21, 25 = 2 S 22:21, 25, and (כ comp. only) 2 Ch 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, acc. rei + לי׳ ψ 116:12, cf. Nu 18:9 (P). b. pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Ex 21:34 (E); so (fig.) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Dt 32:41, 43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Is 66:15. 5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי 2 K 18:24 = Is 36:9, acc. מִלְחָמָה Is 28:6, acc. of sword ψ 89:44, acc. pers. + אָחוֹר ψ 44:11 (+ מִנִּי pers.), Is 44:25 (fig., = refute, confute), fig. of calamity La 1:13; = repulse, hinder Je 2:24, especially acc. Is 14:27 (יַד־י׳), cf. 43:13, Jb 9:12; 11:10; 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ 1 K 2:16, 17, 20(×2) 2 Ch 6:42 ψ 132:10. †6. a. turn away face, fig., + מֵעַל rei Ez 14:6; acc. pers. + מִן rei Mal 2:6; anger of י׳ (acc.) + מֵעַל pers. Nu 25:11 (P), Pr 24:18, מִן pers. Je 18:20 Ezr 10:14; acc. only, Jb 9:13 ψ 78:38; 106:23; acc. of human anger Pr 15:1; 29:8. b. late, turn toward, acc. face, ל loc. Dn 11:18, 19, acc. foot, אֶל rei ψ 119:59 (fig.). †7. turn against, אֶל־אֵל, c. acc. רוּחֶ֑ךָ Jb 15:13. 8. לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, c. acc. La 3:21, sq. cl. with כִּ׳ Dt 4:39 (cf. Dr), obj. om. 30:1; 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Is 44:19, + (עַל) 46:8. 9. הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Je 32:44; 33:7, 11; 49:6; La 2:14; Ez 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Je 33:26; 49:39; Jo 4:1 (v. Qal 9). †10. Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Ez 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), cf. (מִן) 18:30, abs. הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v 32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ ψ 85:4 (but read prob. הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Jon 1:13 (אֶל loc.; We Now sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.). †11. reverse, revoke, acc. (sf.) rei, i.e. judgment, Am 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1, 4, 6; blessing Nu 23:20 (poem in E), edict Est 8:5, 8.
Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּשֵׁב Gn 42:28 my money has been returned! cf. Pt. הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Nu 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; pl. מוּשָׁבִים Je 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן loc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Ex 10:8 (J; cf. Ges§ 121 a, b) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל pers.

שׁוּבָאֵל

שׁוּבָאֵל v. שְׁבוּאֵל (cf. Sab. n.pr. תֿובאל OsZMG xix (1865), 198 n. Hal 485 DHMZMG xxxvii (1883), 16).

שׁוֹבֵב

שׁוֹבֵב adj. backturning, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹ׳, v. i. שׁוֹבָב);—as subst., לְשׁו׳ Mi 2:4 (but read prob. שׁוֹבֵינוּ our captors); f. הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Je 31:22 (of Israel), 49:4 (of Ammon).

שׁוֹבָב

† I. שׁוֹבָב adj. backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, Pt. Pōʿl. Ol§ 251 b Ges§ 52 si. 454);—שׁ׳ Is 57:17; pl. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Je 3:14, 22.—שׁובבים Je 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם 𝔊 Comm., cf. √ Pōʿl.

שׁוֹבָב²

† II. שׁוֹבָב n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.:
1. son of David 2 S 5:14 = 1 Ch 14:4; 1 Ch 3:5.
2. son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18.

שׁוּבָה

שׁוּבָה n.f. retirement, withdrawal (from war, etc., cf. Mi 2:8);—Is 30:15.

שׂוֹבֶךְ

שׂוֹבֶךְ n.[m.] network of boughs;—cstr. שׂ׳ הָאֵלָה 2 S 18:9.

שׁוֹבַךְ

שׁוֹבַךְ n.pr.m. Aramaean general, 2 S 10:16, 18 (Σωβακ, 𝔊L Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ 1 Ch 19:16, 18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, 𝔊L Σωφακ).

שׁוֹבָל

שׁוֹבָל n.pr.m.
1. Edomite name Gn 36:20, 23, 29 = 1 Ch 1:38, 40.
2. a. in Caleb 1 Ch 2:50, 52. b. in Judah 1 Ch 4:1, 2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

שׁוֹבָל²

שׁוֹבָל n.pr. v. שׁבל.

שׁוֹבֵק

שׁוֹבֵק n.pr.m. one of those sealed Ne 10:25; Σωβηκ, 𝔊L Σωβειρ.

שׁוֹבָק

שׁוֹבָק, שׁוֹבֵק n.pr. v. שׁבק.

שׂוּג

I, II. שׂוּג v. I, II. סוּג.

שׁוג

שׁוג (√ of following; ‖ form of שׁגג, שׁגה).

שׁוֹד

שׁוֹד Jb 5:21 van d. H., for i. שֹׁד q.v. sub שׁדד.

שׁוּד

[שׁוּד] vb., יָשׁוּד ψ 91:6 v. שׁדד.

שָׁוֵה

† I. שָׁוֵה n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Gn 14:5 (v. ק׳ p. 900a; ק׳ appos. according to Ol§ 277 c LagBN 43; ? read שְׁוֵה); Σαυη.

שָׁוָה

† I. שָׁוָה vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Jb 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, i.e. (v. infra; according to most) not requited (so De Di Da, and Is 16:6 𝔗); Bu אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Du לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (cf. 𝔊); Impf. 1 s. of י׳, אֶל־מִיאֶשְׁוֶה Is 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (‖ תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3 mpl. לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Pr 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so 8:11; 2 ms. פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Pr 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); Pt. שֹׁוֶה בְּ Est 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for 3:8, so 1:22 Hi Or RyKau (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but v. Siegf.); adequate for 5:13.
Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁוָּה Is 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי ψ 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Is 38:13 𝔙 Ges De al., Houb Lo Che Du al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; acc. מִשְׁפָּטִים 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖ דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hi, cf. Gr v 128 (v. Qal Est 3:8); We ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, cf. ψ 16:8); Zenner Du אִוִּיתִי.
Hiph. make like: Impf. 1 s. מָה אַשְׁוֶה־לָךְ La 2:13 (‖ אֲדַמֶּה); 2 mpl. לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Is 46:5 (cf. Qal 40:25).
Nithp. (appar.) Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Pr 27:15 are alike, but read prob. Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Ges§ 75 x Toy al.—תשׁוה Jb 30:22 Kt v. II. שׁוא.

שָׁוֵה²

† II. שָׁוֵה in n.pr.loc. עֵמֶק שׁ׳ Gn 14:17 (v. ע׳); Σαυη.

שָׁוָה²

† II. [שָׁוָה] vb.
Pi. set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. 𝔗 שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often 𝔗 = שׂום, שׁית); Thes al. sub I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened from orig. make even, right, cf. Vulg. Ar. سَوَى ii. make (Wahrm, cf. also BaES 66));—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי ψ 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, cf. 21:6; Pt. מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כְּ 2 S 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = ψ 18:34 (cf. 𝔗 שַׁזִּי כְּ Gn 48:20 Je 29:22, for שׂים כְּ);—Is 38:13 v. I. שׁוה;—Impf. = make, produce, 3 ms. פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Ho 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., v. We Now (‖ עשׂה פְּרִי Ho 9:16, cf. 8:7).