INTAMBARA IKOMEYE

IGICE CYA 9 - UMUGOROZI W’UMUSUWISI

Mu gutoranya abakozi bo kuvugurura itorero, hagaragara ya gahunda y’Imana yakoreshejwe mu kuritangiza. Umwigisha waturutse mu ijuru yirengagije abantu bakomeye bo ku isi, abanyacyubahiro n’abakire bari bamenyereye gusingizwa no guhabwa icyubahiro nk’abayobozi b’abandi. Bari abantu bibona cyane kandi buzuwemo no kwiyiringira mu ikuzo bari bafite ryuzuye ubwirasi ku buryo batashoboraga guhinduka ngo bifatanye na bagenzi babo kandi bafatanye n’Umunyanazareti wicishaga bugufi. Abantu batashoboye kwiga n’abarobyi bamenyereye umuruho b’i Galilaya ni bo bagejejweho uyu muhamagaro ngo: “Nimunkurikire, nzabagira abarobyi b’abantu.” Matayo 4:19. Abo bigishwa bicishaga bugufi kandi bakemera kwigishwa. Kuba batari barandujwe cyane n’inyigisho z’ibinyoma zo muri icyo gihe, byatumye Kristo ashobora kubigisha no kubatoza gukora umurimo we maze birushaho kugenda neza. II 178.1

Uko ni nako byagenze mu gihe cy’Ubugorozi bukomeye. Abagorozi bari bari ku ruhembe rw’imbere bari abantu bafite imibereho yoroheje, babaye abantu mu gihe cyabo badafite ubwibone buterwa n’imyanya y’icyubahiro kandi ntibari baratwawe n’urwikekwe n’uburiganya bwarangaga abapadiri. Ni umugambi w’Imana gukoresha abantu boroheje kugira ngo bagere ku bintu bikomeye. Bityo rero, ntabwo abantu ari bo bazahabwa ikuzo, ahubwo rizahabwa Imana yo ibakoreramo ikabatera gushaka no gukora ibyo yishimira. II 178.2

Nyuma y’ibyumweru bike Luteri amaze kuvukira mu kigonyi cy’abacukuzi b’ubutare i Saxony, nibwo Ulric Zwingli nawe yavutse mu rugo rworoheje rw’umworozi wo mu misozi miremire ya Alps. Ahari hakikije Zwingli mu bwana bwe ndetse n’uburere yahawe akiri muto byari ibyo kumutegurira umurimo we w’ahazaza. Yarerewe hagati y’ibyaremwe bitangaje, byuzuye ubwiza, bituma intekerezo ze zitwarwa no gusobanukirwa gukomera, imbaraga n’igitinyiro by’Imana akiri muto. Amateka y’ibikorwa bitangaje byakorewe muri iyo misozi yavukiyemo yamurikiye imigambi ye ya gisore. Yicaraga iruhande rwa nyirakuru wari inyangamugayo maze agategera amatwi ibitekerezo bike bitangaje byo muri Bibiliya uwo mukecuru yari yarakusanyije abikuye mu mateka avuga ibikorwa by’indengakamere n’inyigisho byaranze itorero. Zwingle yabaga afite amatsiko cyane mu gihe yumvaga iby’ibikorwa bikomeye by’abakurambere n’abahanuzi ndetse n’iby’abashumba barindaga imikumbi yabo ku misozi ya Palesitina aho abamarayika bavuganiye nabo bakababwira iby’umwana wavukiye i Beterehemu n’umuntu w’i Karuvali. II 178.3

Nk’uko byabaye kuri Luteri, se wa Zwingli yifuzaga ko umwana we yiga, maze uwo muhungu akiri muto ava mu kibaya cy’iwabo aho yavukiye. Ubwenge bwe bwagwiraga vuba vuba ku buryo bidatinze byaje kuba ikibazo niba haboneka abarimu bashobora kumwigisha. Amaze kugira imyaka cumi n’itatu yagiye ahitwa i Bern, habarizwaga ishuri riruta ayandi mu Busuwisi. Ariko ageze yo, haje kuvuka ingorane yari igambiriye gukoma mu nkokora ibyiringiro yari afite mu buzima bwe. Abapadiri bakoze uko bashoboye kose kugira ngo bamwinjize mu kigo cyabo. Abadominikani n’Abafaransisiko barwaniraga gukundwa n’abaturage. Ibyo baharaniraga kubigeraho bakoresheje kurimbisha bikomeye kiriziya zabo, kugira ibirori birimo gahunda ishyushye, no kwitegereza amashusho y’abatagatifu ndetse n’amashusho y’ibitangaza. II 179.1

Abadominikani b’i Bern babonaga ko nibabasha kwigarurira uwo munyeshuri ukiri muto wari ufite impano zitangaje, byari kubazanira inyungu kandi bikabahesha icyubahiro. Kuba yari umusore w’intarumikwa, kugira impano kamere yo kuba intyoza n’umwanditsi, ubuhanga bwe muri muzika n’ubusizi byajyaga kubafasha cyane kubakururira abantu baza mu materaniro yabo kandi bikabongerera inyungu kurusha ibyo bari basanzwe bakora. Bakoreshaga ubucakura no kumushyeshya kugira ngo batume Zwingli yinjira mu kigo cyabo. Igihe Luteri yari akiri umunyeshuri, we ubwe yari yarikingiraniye mu kumba cy’ikigo cy’abihaye Imana, kandi yajyaga kuzimira burundu iyo ubuntu bw’Imana butahamukura. Ntabwo Zwingli yemerewe guhura n’akaga nk’aka Luteri. Kubw’amahirwe, umubyeyi wa Zwingli yaje kumenya imigambi w’abo bapadiri. Ntabwo yari agambiriye kwemerera umuhungu we kuyoboka imibereho y’ubunebwe no kuba imburamukoro abapadiri babagamo. Se yabonye ko kuzaba ingirakamaro kwa Zwingli mu gihe kizaza biri mu kaga, maze amutegeka kugaruka imuhira atazuyaje. II 179.2

Zwingli yumviye iryo tegeko ry’umubyeyi we, ariko uwo musore ntiyari kumara igihe kirekire ashimishijwe no kuba muri icyo kibaya yavukiyemo maze bidatinze asubukura amasomo ye ajya kwiga ahitwa i Basel. Aho niho Zwingli yumviye bwa mbere ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubuntu Imana itanga nta kiguzi. Uwitwaga Wittembach, wari umwarimu wigishaga indimi za kera, ubwo yigaga Ikigiriki n’Igiheburayo, yari yarabonye Ibyanditswe Byera maze muri ubwo buryo imirasire y’umucyo w’Imana ibasha kumurika mu ntekerezo z’abanyeshuri yigishaga. Uwo mwarimu yavuze ko muri ibyo Byanditswe hari ukuri kumaze igihe kirekire cyane kandi gufite agaciro gakomeye bitagerwa karuta inyigisho zigishwa n’abahanga n’abacurabwenge. Uko kuri kwari kumaze igihe kirekire kwavugaga ko urupfu rwa Kristo ari rwo rwonyine nshungu y’umunyabyaha. Ayo magambo yabereye Zwingli nk’umwambi w’umucyo ubanziriza umuseke. II 179.3

Bidatinze Zwingli yahamagariwe kuva i Basel kugira ngo atangire umurimo we. Aho yatangiriye ni muri paruwasi ya Alpine, itari kure y’aho yavukiye. Nk’uko umugorozi mugenzi we yabivuze, ubwo yari amaze kwerezwa ubupadiri “yirunduriye mu bushakashatsi bwo kumenya neza ukuri kw’Imana; kubera ko yari azi neza ko hari byinshi agomba kumenya nk’umuntu waragijwe umukumbi wa Kristo.” ¹⁵⁰ II 180.1

Uko yarushagaho kwiga Ibyanditswe Byera niko yarushagaho kubona itandukaniro riri hagati y’ukuri kwabyo n’ubuyobe bwa Roma. Yiyeguriye kuyoborwa na Bibiliya yo Jambo ry’Imana, kandi ikaba umuyobozi wenyine wihagije ndetse utabasha kwibeshya. Yabonye ko Bibiliya igomba kwisobanura ubwayo. Ntiyigeraga ahangara kugerageza gusobanura Ibyanditswe Byera kugira ngo ashyigikire inyigisho cyangwa ihame byabaye akamenyero mu bwenge bw’abantu, ahubwo yabonaga ko ari inshingano ye gusesengura icyo ryigisha mu buryo butaziguye. Yageragezaga kwifashisha ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abone ubusobanuro bwabyo bwuzuye kandi butuganye, ndetse yasabaga gufashwa na Mwuka Muziranenge wabashaga kubihishurira abantu bose babyigaga babishimikiriye kandi basenga. II 180.2

Zwingli yaravuze ati: “Ibyanditswe Byera bikomoka ku Mana ntibikomoka ku muntu, kandi Imana imurikira abantu izabaha gusobanukirwa ko iri jambo rikomoka ku Mana. . . Ijambo ry’Imana ntirihinyuka; ni umucyo, ririgisha, kandi rikisobanura ubwaryo, rimurikira ubugingo kubw’agakiza n’ubuntu, rikabukomereza mu Mana, ribucisha bugufi ku buryo yiyibagirwa akomatana n’Imana.” Zwingli ubwe yari amaze kubona ukuri kw’ayo magambo. Ubwo yavugaga ibyamubayeho muri icyo gihe, nyuma y’aho yaranditse ati: “Igihe natangiraga kwirundurira mu Byanditswe Byera, ubucurabwenge n’inyigisho z’iyobokamana byahoraga binteza impagarara. Amaherezo nageze kuri ibi, ndatekereza nti: ‘Ngomba kureka biriya binyoma maze nkiga ubusobanuro Imana itanga mbukuye mu ijambo ryayo ryoroheje.’ Bityo natangiye gusaba Imana ngo imurikire maze Ibyanditswe Byera bitangira kurushaho kunsobanukira mu buryo bworoshye.” ¹⁵¹ II 180.3

Ntabwo inyigisho Zwingli yabwirizaga yari yarazikomoye kuri Luteri. Yari yazihawe na Kristo. Uwo mugorozi w’Umusuwisi yaravuze ati: “Niba Luteri abwiriza ibya Kristo, akora ibyo nanjye nkora. Abantu yazanye kuri Kristo ni benshi kuruta abo nazanye. Nyamara ibyo ntacyo bitwaye. Nta rindi zina nzitirirwa uretse irya Kristo kuko ndi umusirikari we, kandi ni we Mugaba wanjye wenyine. Nta jambo na rimwe nigeze nandikira Luteri cyangwa nawe agire iryo anyandikira. Ibyo ni ukubera iki? . . . Ni ukugira ngo bigaragare uburyo Mwuka w’Imana ativuguruza kubera ko twembi twigisha inyigisho ya Kristo tugahuza muri ubwo buryo kandi tutarahuye. ¹⁵² II 181.1

Mu mwaka wa 1516, Zwingli yararikiwe kubwiriza mu kigo cy’abapadiri cya Einsiedeln. Ahongaho yagombaga kuhabonera neza ugusaya mu bibi kwa Roma kandi yagombaga kugira icyo akora nk’umugorozi cyari kuzamenyekana kikarenga mu misozi ya Alps yavukiyemo. Mu bintu bikomeye byakururaga amaso y’abantu by’aho Einsiedeln harimo ishusho ya Mariya bavugaga ko ifite imbaraga yo gukora ibitangaza. Ku muryango w’icyo kigo cy’abapadiri hari handitswe ngo: “Ahangaha hashobora gubonerwa imbabazi z’ibyaha.” ¹⁵³ II 181.2

Ibihe byose by’umwaka abantu benshi bafataga urugendo baje kuri ya shusho ya Mariya, ariko ku munsi mukuru wabaga buri mwaka wo kwibuka gutoramywa kw’iyo shusho, abantu ibihumbi byinshi baturukaga mu bice byose by’Ubusuwisi ndetse abandi bakava mu Bufaransa no mu Budage. Zwingli abibonye atyo agira agahinda kenshi, bityo ba bantu babaye imbohe z’imihango, aboneraho umwanya wo kubigisha iby’umudendezo uva mu butumwa bwiza. II 181.3

Yaravuze ati: “Ntimugatekereze ko Imana iri muri iyi ngoro kuruta uko iba ahandi hantu hose haremwe. Igihugu mwaba mutuyemo cyose, Imana iri hafi yanyu kandi irabumva...Mbese imirimo itabaha inyungu, gukora ingendo ndende, amaturo, amashusho, kwiyambaza Mariya cyangwa abatagatifu bishobora kubahesha ubuntu bw’Imana? . . . Mbese amagambo menshi dukoresha dusenga amaze iki? Mbese ibitambaro bishashagirana bipfutse umutwe, umutwe utagira umusatsi, amakanzu maremare kandi atatswe indabo, cyangwa inkweto zitatswe izahabu ku misozo bimaze iki? . . . Imana ireba ku mutima kandi imitima yacu iri kure yayo.” Yaravuze ati: “Kristo wabambwe ku musaraba ni we gitambo cy’ibyaha by’abizera kugeza iteka ryose.” ¹⁵⁴ II 182.1

Abantu benshi bumvise ayo magambo ntibayakiriye neza. Byari urucantege rukomeye kuri bo kubwirwa ko urugendo runanije bakoze barukoreye ubusa. Ntabwo bashoboraga gusobanukirwa n’imbabazi bahererwa ubuntu muri Kristo. Bari banyuzwe n’inzira ya kera igana mu ijuru, iyo Roma yari yaraberetse. Banze guhangayikishwa no gushaka ikindi cyarushaho kubabera cyiza. Byari biboroheye cyane kwiringira abapadiri na Papa mu by’agakiza kabo aho gushaka gutungana k’umutima. II 182.2

Nyamara hari irindi tsinda ryakiranye ibyishimo inkuru yo gucungurwa kubonerwa muri Kristo. Ibyo Roma yabasabaga kubahiriza ntibyari byarabazaniye amahoro yo mu mutima, maze mu kwizera, bemera ko amaraso y’Umukiza ari yo abezaho ibyaha byabo. Abangaba basubiye iwabo bajya guhishurira abandi umucyo utangaje bari barakiriye. Uko ni ko ukuri kwavaga mu mudugudu kukagera mu wundi, kukava mu mujyi kukajya mu wundi bityo umubare w’abantu bazaga gusura ingoro ya Mariya uragabanyuka cyane. Hanabayeho kugabanyuka kw’amaturo maze ingaruka iba kugabanyuka k’umushahara wa Zwingli wavaga muri ayo maturo. Nyamara ibi byamuteye ibyishimo ubwo yabonaga ko imbaraga zo gukabya mu myizerere no gutwarwa n’imigenzo zigenda zicika. II 182.3

Abayobozi b’Itorero ntibaburaga kubona umurimo Zwingli yakoraga; ariko icyo gihe barihanganye ntibawurogoya. Biringiraga ko bazamwigarurira akajya mu ruhande rwabo, bashatse kumwigarurira bakoresheje kumusheshya ariko muri icyo gihe ukuri kwarimo gucengera mu mitima y’abantu. II 183.1

Imirimo Zwingli yakoreye i Einsiedeln yamuteguriye gukora umurimo wagutse kurutaho kandi ni wo yaje kwinjiramo bidatinze. Amaze imyaka itatu i Einsiedeln yaje guhamagarwa kujya gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza muri kiriziya nini cyane y’i Zurich. Zurich niwo wari umujyi ukomeye cyane mu Busuwisi kandi ibyajyaga kuva aho byagombaga gukwira hose. Nyamara kandi, abanyamadini bari bamutumiye i Zurich, bashakaga ko nta nyigisho nshya zihigishwa bityo bibatera guha Zwingli amabwiriza ajyana n’inshingano yari imuzanye. II 183.2

Baramubwiye bati: “Uzakore ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umugabane w’icyigisho wigishijwe ugire umusaruro winjiza kandi ntukagire icyo usubiza inyuma. Uzashishikariza abizera bose, waba uri kubwiririza kuri aritari cyangwa uri kwakira abicuza ibyaha, ko bagomba gutanga icyacumi cyose n’ibindi basabwa, kandi bakerekanisha amaturo yabo batanga ko bakunda itorero. Uzita cyane ku kongera inyungu zituruka ku barwayi, muri za misa n’indi mihango yose ikorwa.” Abamuhaga amabwiriza bongeyeho bati: “Ku byerekeranye no gutanga amasakaramentu, kubwiriza ndetse no kwita ku mukumbi, ibyo nabyo ni inshingano y’umupadiri. Icyakora, kuri izo nshingano ushobora gukoresha ugusimbura ariko by’umwihariko mu kubwiriza. Ntabwo ugomba guha amasakaramentu umuntu uwo ari we wese uretse abantu bakomeye, kandi ukabikora gusa igihe baguhamagaye; ntabwo wemerewe gukora ibyo utabanje kurobanura abantu.”- ¹⁵⁵ II 183.3

Zwingli yategeye amatwi ayo mabwiriza acecetse, maze amaze kuvuga ijambo ryo gushima kubwo kuba yarubashywe agahamagarirwa kuza aho hantu hakomeye, yakurikijeho kubasobanurira uburyo ateganya gukoresha. Yaravuze ati: “Abantu bamaze igihe kirekire cyane bahishwa iby’imiberaho ya Yesu. Nzabwiriza cyane ubutumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Matayo, . . .mbukura gusa mu Byanditswe Byera, mbisesengura, ngereranya umurongo umwe n’uwundi, nshakisha uko nasobanukirwa mbiheshejwe no gusenga ubudasiba kandi mbikuye ku mutima. Umurimo wanjye uzibanda ku cyubahiro cy’Imana, ku gusingiza Umwana wayo w’ikinege, ku gakiza nyakuri k’abantu ndetse no kubakomereza mu kwizera nyakuri.” ¹⁵⁶ II 184.1

Nubwo bamwe muri abo bayobozi b’itorero batemeye gahunda ye kandi bagakora uko bashoboye ngo bayimuteshureho, Zwingli ntiyatezutse. Yababwiye ko atagiye gutangiza uburyo bushya, ko ahubwo agaruye uburyo bwa kera bwakoreshwaga n’itorero mu bihe bya mbere byari bitunganye. II 184.2

Abantu bari baratangiye gukangukira kwakira ukuri yigishaga, kandi abantu bazaga ari benshi baje kumva uko abwiriza. Mu bazaga kumutega amatwi habagamo abantu benshi bari bamaze igihe kirekire bararetse kujya gusenga. Umurimo we yawutangiye abumbura Ubutumwa bwiza kandi agasoma anasobanurira abamuteze amatwi amateka yandikishijwe avuga iby’imibereho, ibyigisho n’urupfu rwa Kristo. Nk’uko yabigenje ari i Einsiedeln, aho i Zurich yahagaragarije ko Ijambo ry’Imana ari ryo muyobozi utibeshya kandi ko urupfu rwa Kristo ari rwo gitambo cyonyine gihagije. Yaravuze ati: “Kuri Kristo gusa niho nifuza kubayobora. Kuri Kristo we soko nyakuri y’agakiza.” ¹⁵⁷ II 184.3

Abantu bo mu nzego zose bazaga kumva uwo mubwiriza, uhereye ku bategetsi, abanyabwenge, ukageza ku banyamyuga na rubanda rwose. Bamutegeraga amatwi bashishikaye. Ntabwo yavugaga iby’agakiza gatangirwa ubuntu gusa ahubwo yanamaganaga nta mbebya ibibi no gusayisha byariho muri icyo gihe. Abantu benshi basohokaga muri kiriziya basingiza Imana. Baravugaga bati: “Uyu mugabo abwiriza ukuri. Azatubera Mose maze atuvane muri uyu mwijima wa Egiputa.” ¹⁵⁸ II 185.1

Nyamara nubwo ku ikubitiro umurimo we wakiranywe ubwuzu bwinshi, nyuma y’igihe runaka haje kuboneka abatamushyigikiye. Abapadiri bagiye umugambi wo kubangamira umurimo we no kwamagana inyigisho ze. Bamwe bamuhaga urw’amenyo abandi bakamukwena; abandi baramutukaga kandi bakamukangisha. Ariko Zwingli yarabyihanganiye byose akavuga ati: “Niba twifuza kuzanira Yesu Kristo abanyabyaha, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba kwima amaso.”- Ibid., b.8, ch.6. II 185.2

Muri icyo gihe, haje undi muntu kugira ngo ateze imbere umurimo w’ivugurura. Uwitwaga Lusiyani yoherejwe i Zurich afite zimwe mu nyandiko za Luteri yoherezwa n’umuntu wari utuye i Basel wakundaga ukwizera kuvuguruye. Uwo muntu yari yaratekereje ko kugurisha ibyo bitabo bibasha kuba uburyo bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza umucyo. Yandikiye Zwingli ati: “Reba neza ko uyu mugabo afite ubushishozi n’ubushobozi bihagije; niba bimeze bityo, umureke agende ava mu mujyi ajya mu wundi, ava mu mudugudu ajya mu wundi, agende n’inzu ku yindi mu Basuwisi ahajyane inyandiko za Luteri, ariko by’umwihariko ibyo yavuze ku Isengesho ry’Umukiza abyandikira abafite ubushake bwo kuvuga ubutumwa. Uko bizarushaho kumenyekana, niko bizarushaho kugira abaguzi.” Uko ni ko umucyo wabonye aho winjirira. ¹⁵⁹ II 185.3

Mu gihe Imana itegura guca iminyururu y’ubujiji n’imigenzo ya gipagani nibwo Satani akoresha imbaraga ze zose kugira ngo abundikirire abantu mu mwijima kandi akarushaho gukaza ingoyi ibaboshye. Uko abantu bahagurukiraga impande zose babwira abantu iby’imbabazi no kugirwa intungane kubw’amaraso ya Kristo, Roma yakajije umurego mu gufungura isoko ryayo igurisha imbabazi aharangwa ubukristo hose. II 186.1

Buri cyaha cyari gifite igiciro cyacyo, kandi abantu bahabwaga uburenganzira ntakumirwa bwo gukora icyaha igihe bashyiraga umutungo uhagije mu isanduku y’itorero. Uko ni ko ayo matsinda abiri y’imyigishirize yateraga imbere: rimwe rigatanga imbabazi z’ibyaha rihawe amafaranga, naho irindi rikigisha iby’imbabazi zibonerwa muri Kristo. Roma igaha uburenganzira icyaha kandi ikakigira isoko yo kwinjiza ubutunzi, naho abagorozi bo bagaciraho icyaha iteka kandi bakerekana ko Kristo ariwe ukuraho ibyaha, akaba n’umucunguzi. II 186.2

Mu gihugu cy’Ubudage, icuruzwa ry’ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya) ryari rishinzwe abapadiri b’Abadominikani kandi byari biyobowe n’umuntu wari uzwi ho imico mibi witwaga Tetzel. Mu gihugu cy’Ubusuwisi, ubwo bucuruzi bwahariwe Abafaransisiko bayobowe n’uwitwa Samusoni wari umupadiri w’Umutaliyani. Samusoni yari yarakoreye itorero umurimo mwiza kuko yari yarabashije kwinjiza amafaranga menshi ayakuye mu Budage no mu Busuwisi kugira ngo agwize umutungo wa Papa. Noneho yambukanyije Ubusuwisi bwose, agacuza abaturage b’abakene uduke bungukaga, naho abakire akabakuramo impano z’agaciro kenshi. Ariko impinduka ziturutse ku bugorozi zari zaratangiye kwigaragariza mu kugabanyuka kw’ibyatangwaga nubwo zitashoboraga guhagarika ubwo bucuruzi. Igihe Samusoni yari amaze igihe gito yinjiye mu Busuwisi maze akagera mu mujyi wari hafi ya Einsiedeln ahazanye ibicuruzwa bye, Zwingli yari akiri i Einsiedeln. Umugorozi Zwingli amaze kumenya ikimugenza yahise ahagurukira kumuvuguruza. Abo bantu bombi ntibigeze bahura, ariko Zwingli yageze ku nsinzi asobanurira abantu ibyo Samusoni agamije ku buryo byabaye ngombwa ko ava aho hantu akajya ahandi. II 186.3

I Zurich, Zwingli yahabwirizanyije umwete mwinshi yamagana ubucuruzi bw’imbabazi z’ibyaha; maze igihe Samusoni yari ageze hafi yaho ahura n’intumwa yoherejwe n’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi imubuza kwinjira muri uwo mujyi. Amaherezo yaje gushobora kwinjira yiyoberanyije nyamara yaje kwirukanwa atabashije kugurisha n’icyangombwa na kimwe gihesha imbabazi maze nyuma y’aho bidatinze ahita ava mu Busuwisi. II 187.1

Ubugorozi bwahawe imbaraga nyinshi no kwaduka kw’icyorezo gikaze cyahitanye abantu benshi mu Busuwisi mu mwaka wa 1519. Uko muri ubwo buryo abantu babonaga urupfu rubugarije, benshi babashije kubona uburyo imbabazi bari bamaze igihe gito baguze zari imfabusa ndetse ntizigire n’akamaro. Bityo byatumye bashaka kugira urufatiro nyakuri rwo kwizera kwabo. Zwingli nawe ari i Zurich yafashwe n’iyo ndwara iramurembya cyane ku buryo icyizere cyose cyo gukira kwe cyashiraga mu bantu, bityo inkuru ikwira hose ko yaba yapfuye. Muri icyo gihe gikomeye, ntabwo ibyiringiro bye n’ubutwari byacogoye. Afite kwizera, yahanze amaso ye umusaraba w’i Karuvali, yiringira ko igitambo cya Kristo gihagije gihanagura abantu ho ibyaha. Ubwo yari akirutse avuye ku munwa w’urupfu, cyari igihe cyo kubwirizanya ubutumwa bwiza umuhati mwinshi kurusha uko yigeze abikora; kandi amagambo ye yari afite imbaraga idasanzwe. Abantu bakiranye ibyishimo umushumba wabo bakunda wari ubagaruriwe akuwe ku munwa w’urupfu. Abo bantu ubwabo bari bavuye mu ngorane zo kwita ku barwayi n’abasambaga bityo bituma babasha guha agaciro ubutumwa bwiza kuruta mbere. II 187.2

Zwingli yari amaze gusobanukirwa neza n’ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza kandi yari amaze kwiyumvamo imbaraga yako ihindura umuntu akaba mushya. Yibandaga ku ngingo zivuga ibyo kugwa k’umuntu n’iby’inama y’agakiza. Yaravuze ati: “Twese twapfiriye muri Adamu, kandi twarohamye mu bibi no gucirwaho iteka.” ¹⁶⁰ “Kristo yaturonkeye gucungurwa kw’iteka. . . Umubabaro yagize ni igitambo gihoraho kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo gukiza by’iteka ryose. Cyuzuza ibyo ubutabera bw’Imana busaba by’iteka ryose mu cyimbo cy’abantu bose bishingikiriza kuri icyo gitambo bafite kwizera gushikamye kandi kutanyeganyega.” Nyamara kandi yigishije neza ko ubuntu bwa Kristo budahesha abantu umudendezo wo gukomeza gukora ibyaha. Yaravugaga ati: “Ahantu hose hari ukwizera Imana, Imana irahaba; kandi aho Imana iri, haba umwete ukangura abantu ukabahatira gukora imirimo myiza.”- ¹⁶¹ II 187.3

Ibibwirizwa bya Zwingli byabaga bishimishije abantu ku buryo kiziya nini (Katederari) yuzuraga igasaguka imbaga y’abantu bazaga kumutega amatwi. Zwingli yabwiraga abamuteze amatwi ukuri buhoro buhoro akurikije uko yabonaga bashobora kukwakira. Yitonderaga cyane kuba yahita ababwira ingingo zishobora kubakangaranya cyangwa ngo zibazanemo urwikekwe. Umurimo we wari uwo gushyikiriza imitima yabo inyigisho za Kristo, gutuma ituza kubw’urukundo rwe no kubereka urugero rwa Kristo; bityo uko barushagaho kwakira amahame y’ubutumwa bwiza, ni ko bagendaga bacika ku myizerere yabo n’imigenzo bya gipagani. II 188.1

Ubugorozi bwateraga imbere buhoro buhoro mu mujyi wa Zurich. Abanzi babwo barakangutse maze bahagurukira kuburwanya bivuye inyuma. Mu mwaka umwe mbere y’icyo gihe ni ho umupadiri w’i Wittenberg yari yaravugiye i Worms imbere ya Papa n’umwami w’abami ati: ” Oya”, none ibyagaragaraga byose byasaga n’ibyerekana kurwanya amabwiriza ya Papa kugiye kuba i Zurich nk’uko byagenze i Worms. Zwingle yatewe incuro nyinshi. Aho ubupapa bwabaga bwiganje uko ibihe byagiye biha ibindi, abantu bayobotse ubutumwa bwiza bajyaba bicwa urupfu rubi, ariko ibyo ntibyari bihagije. Uwigishaga ibyo bitaga ubuyobe yagombaga gucecekeshwa. Muri ubwo buryo umwepisikopi w’i Constance yohereje intumwa eshatu mu nama y’i Zurich zirega Zwingli ko yigisha abantu kwica amategeko y’itorero, bityo bikaba biteza amahoro make n’imvururu mu bantu. Uwo mwepisikopi yongeyeho ko niba ubutegetsi bw’itorero busuzuguwe, ingaruka yaba iy’uko abantu bose baba ibyigenge. Zwingli yasubije yiregura avuga ko yigishije ubutumwa bwiza i Zurich mu gihe cy’imyaka ine bityo “uwo mujyi wa Zurich ukaba ari wo wari utuje kandi urimo amahoro kurusha indi mijyi yose y’izo ntara. Yaravuze ati: “None se ntabwo Ubukristo ari bwo murinzi ukomeye utuma muri rusange habaho umutekano?” ¹⁶² II 188.2

Izo ntumwa zasabye abajyanama gukomeza kuba mu itorero zikavuga ko hanze yaryo nta gakiza gahari. Zwingli yavuze kuri ayo magambo y’izo ntumwa ati: “Iki kirego cye kubatangaza! Urufatiro rw’Itorero ni cya Gitare, Kristo, We wahaye Petero izina kuko yamuhamije nk’uko ari. Umuntu uwo ariwe wese wo mu mahanga yose wizera Umwami Yesu n’umutima we wose Imana iramwemera. Mu by’ukuri aha ni ho hari itorero kandi hirya yaryo nta muntu ubasha kuhakirizwa.” ¹⁶³ II 189.1

Umusaruro wavuye muri iyo nama wabaye uwo uko umwe mu ntumwa, wa mukaridinari yari yohereje yemeye iby’ukwizera kuvuguruye. II 189.2

Abari muri iyo nama banze kugira icyo bakora kirwanya Zwingli, bityo Roma itegura igitero gikaze. Ubwo Zwingli yamenyaga ubugambanyi bw’abanzi be yaravuze ati: “Nimubareke baze; mbatinya nk’uko ibitare byo ku nkombe bitinya imivumba iza ibyisukaho.” ¹⁶⁴ II 189.3

Umuhati w’abo banyadini nta kindi wagezeho uretse gutuma umurimo bashakaga gusenya waguka. Ukuri kwakomeje gukwira hose. Mu Budage aho abari barayobotse ukuri bakaba bari baraciwe intege n’urupfu rwa Luteri, ubwo babonaga iterambere ry’ubutumwa bwiza mu Busuwisi, bongeye kugarura ubuyanja. II 189.4

Uko ubugorozi bwarushagaho gushinga imizi mu mujyi wa Zurich, imbuto zabwo zarushijeho kugaragara neza mu kugabanuka kw’ingeso mbi no gushyigikirwa kwa gahunda n’umutekano mu bantu. Zwingli yaranditse ati: “Amahoro atuye mu mujyi wacu, nta ntonganya ziharangwa, nta buryarya, nta shyari nta n’urugomo. Mbese ubumwe nk’ubwo bubasha gukomoka he uretse kuri Kristo no ku nyigisho zacu zitwuzuza imbuto z’amahoro n’ubutungane?” ¹⁶⁵ II 190.1

Insinzi ubugorozi bwageragaho yateje abayoboke ba Roma kurushaho gukaza umurego kugira ngo babusenye. Babonye uko gutoteza nta cyo byagezeho ubwo bahagarikaga umurimo wa Luteri mu Budage, biyemeza kurwanya ubugorozi bifashishije intwaro bukoresha. Bagombaga kugirana na Zwingli ikiganiro-mpaka, kandi kubera ko ari bo bari babiteguye, bateguye uburyo bwo kugera ku nsinzi bakoresheje kwihitiramo aho urwo rugamba ruzabera ndetse n’abacamanza bagomba gufata imyanzuro yabo na Zwingli. Kandi iyo babasha kubona Zwingli yabageze mu maboko, bagombaga gukorana ubushishozi kugira ngo atabacika. Bityo umuyobozi w’ubugorozi yamara gucecekeshwa, itsinda yari ayoboye ryari gusenywa vuba vuba. Nyamara bakoranye ubushishozi maze uyu mugambi barawuhisha. II 190.2

Hemejwe ko icyo kiganiro-mpaka kibera ahitwa Baden, ariko Zwingli ntiyahahinguka. Abajyanama b’i Zurich baketse imigambi y’abashyigikiye Papa, kandi banaburirwa b’ibishyito by’umuriro byo gutwikiraho abemera ubutumwa bwiza byari bicanwe mu midugudu yiganjemo abayoboke ba papa, byatumye babuza umushumba wabo kwishora muri ako kaga. I Ziruch yari yiteguye kuhasubiriza abo Roma yari kohereza bose, ariko kujya i Baden ahari haramenewe amaraso y’abaziraga guhamya ukwizera kwabo, byari ukwishora mu rupfu. Abitwa Oecolampadius na Haller ni bo batoranyirijwe guhagararira abagorozi naho umugabo w’ikirangirire mu buhanga witwaga Eck aba ari we uhagararira Roma agaragiwe n’itsinda rinini ry’intiti n’abayobozi b’itorero. II 190.3

Nubwo Zwingli atari ari muri iyo nama, imbaraga ye ntiyabuze kwigaragaza. Abari ku ruhande rwa Papa ni bo bahisemo abanditsi b’inama bose kandi abandi bose babuzwa kugira icyo bandika kuko uwari kubikora yari kwicwa. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, buri munsi Zwingli yagezwagaho ibyavugiwe i Baden. Hari umunyeshuri wari muri icyo kiganiro-mpaka wandikaga ingingo zose zavuzwe buri munsi akabikora buri mugoroba. Abandi banyeshuri babiri biyemeje kujya bashyira izo mpapuro Zwingli wari i Ziruch bakazijyanana n’amabaruwa Oecolampidius yamwandikiraga buri munsi. Zwingli yasubizaga ayo mabaruwa agatanga inama n’ibitekerezo. Inzandiko ze yazandikaga nijoro maze mu gitondo ba banyeshuri bakazigarukana i Baden. Kugira ngo batambuke ku barinzi babaga bari ku miryango y’umujyi, izo ntumwa zikoreraga ibitebo birimo inkoko maze bakabereka bakinjira nta nkomyi. II 191.1

Uko ni ko Zwingli yarwanye urugamba yari ahanganyemo n’abanzi be. Uwitwa Myconius yaravuze ati: “Kubw’ubwunganizi bwe, amajoro yararaga adasinziriye n’inama yatangaga akazohereza i Baden, Zwingli yakoze cyane kuruta uko byari kugenda iyo yiyizira muri izo mpaka agahangana n’abanzi be imbonankubone.” ¹⁶⁶ II 191.2

Abari bashyigikiye Roma basaga n’abamaze gutsinda, bari baje i Baden bambaye imyambaro y’agaciro kenshi cyane kandi iriho amasaro abengerana. Bakabyaga mu kurya mu buryo bwa gikire, ameza yabo yabaga yuzuyeho ibyokurya bihenda n’inzoga zikomeye cyane. Umutwaro w’inshingano zabo nk’abayobozi b’itorero baworoheshaga guhugira mu kwinezeza. Abagorozi bo bagaragaraga ko bahabanye cyane nabo. Rubanda rwabonaga ko abagorozi bitwara neza kurusha abo bayobozi basabirizaga. Amafunguro yoroheje y’abagorozi yatumaga badatinda ku meza. Umuntu wari ucumbikiye Oecolampadius mu nzu yafashe akanya ko kwitegereza ibyo yakoreraga mu cyumba yabagamo, igihe cyose yasangaga ari kwiga cyangwa asenga, maze aza kuvuga atangaye ko uwo muntu bitaga ko yayobye ari “umuntu w’intungane cyane.” II 191.3

Mu gihe cy’inama, “Eck yazamukanaga isheja akajya ku ruhimbi rwabaga rurimbishijwe cyane mu gihe Oecolampadius wari umuntu woroheje, wabaga yambaye imyambaro yoroheje, we yagombaga kwicara ku gatebe kabaje nabi imbere y’abo bari bahanganye.” ¹⁶⁷ II 192.1

Ijwi rya Eck ryarangururaga ndetse n’icyizere cyamurangaga ntibyamutengushye. Umwete we wakangurwaga no kwiringira ko azahabwa izahabu kandi akamamara, kubera ko uwaburaniraga ukwizera yagombaga kugororerwa amafaranga menshi. Iyo yaburaga ingingo nziza avuga, yifashishaga ibitutsi ndetse no kurahira. II 192.2

Oecolampadius wari usanzwe ari umuntu woroheje kandi uvuga make ntiyari yarashatse kujya muri urwo rugamba maze arwinjiramo yiyemeje agira ati: “Nta rundi rugero ngenderwaho mu gufata umwanzuro ruruta Ijambo ry’Imana.” ¹⁶⁸ II 192.3

Nubwo yari afite kwiyoroshya n’ikinyabupfura yagaragaje ko ari umuntu ushoboye kandi udakurwa mu byimbo. Mu gihe abashyigikiye Roma bumvaga bafite ubutware baheshwa n’imigenzo y’itorero ryabo, umugorozi Oecolampadius we yihambiraga ku Byanditswe Byera. Oecolampadius yaravuze ati: “Mu Busuwisi bwacu imigenzo nta mbaraga ifite keretse gusa ibaye ihuje n’itegeko-nshinga; none ubu mu byerekeye kwizera, Bibiliya ni yo tegeko-nshinga ryacu.” ¹⁶⁹ II 193.1

Guhabana kw’abo bantu babiri bajyaga impaka ntikwabuze kugira ingaruka. Imitekerereze itunganye kandi ituje umugorozi yagaragaje mu buryo bufite imbaraga kandi bworoheje yakoze ku mitima y’abantu ku buryo yazinutswe ibyo Eck yavuganaga ubwibone no kwishongora. II 193.2

Ikiganiro-mpaka cyarakomeje kimara iminsi cumi n’umunani. Ubwo cyari kirangiye abayoboke ba Papa bavuganaga ishema ko batsinze. Abenshi mu ntumwa zari zihagarariye abandi zari ziri ku ruhande rwa Roma, maze inama y’abategetsi bakuru itangaza ko abagorozi batsinzwe kandi ivuga ko bo na Zwingli umuyobozi wabo baciwe mu itorero. Ariko umusaruro wavuye muri iyo nama wagaragaje uruhande rwari rufite ukuri. Izo mpaka zaje kubyara imbaraga ikomeye ku ruhande rw’ubugorozi maze nyuma y’aho gato imijyi y’ingenzi ya Bern na Basel itangaza ko iyobotse ubugorozi. II 193.3

13878 II INTAMBARA IKOMEYE [{"para_id":"13878.71","title":"IGICE CYA 1 - IRIMBUKA RYA YERUSALEMU","mp3":"\/mp3\/13878\/0002_kin_m_igice_cya_1_irimbuka_rya_yerusalemu_13878_71.mp3#duration=2482&size=39718661"},{"para_id":"13878.167","title":"IGICE CYA 2 - ITOTEZWA RYABAYE MU BINYEJANA BYA MBERE","mp3":"\/mp3\/13878\/0003_kin_m_igice_cya_2_itotezwa_ryabaye_mu_binyejana_bya_mbere_13878_167.mp3#duration=1177&size=18826553"},{"para_id":"13878.205","title":"IGICE CYA 3 - IGIHE CY\u2019UMWIJIMA MU BY\u2019UMWUKA (UBUHAKANYI)","mp3":"\/mp3\/13878\/0004_kin_m_igice_cya_3_igihe_cy_umwijima_mu_by_umwuka_ubuhakanyi_13878_205.mp3#duration=1493&size=23886785"},{"para_id":"13878.258","title":"IGICE CYA 4 - ABAWALIDENSE (ABAVODUWA)","mp3":"\/mp3\/13878\/0005_kin_m_igice_cya_4_abawalidense_abavoduwa_13878_258.mp3#duration=2046&size=32729130"},{"para_id":"13878.333","title":"IGICE CYA 5 - YOHANA WIKILIFE (JOHN WYCLIFFE )","mp3":"\/mp3\/13878\/0006_kin_m_igice_cya_5_yohana_wikilife_john_wycliffe_13878_333.mp3#duration=1887&size=30197969"},{"para_id":"13878.408","title":"IGICE CYA 6 - 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