INTAMBARA IKOMEYE

IGICE CYA 5 - YOHANA WIKILIFE (JOHN WYCLIFFE )

Mbere y’Ivugurura, hariho amakopi make cyane ya Bibiliya, ariko ntabwo Imana yari yaremeye ko Ijambo ryayo ritsembwaho burundu. Ntabwo ukuri kwaryo kwagombaga guhishwa by’iteka ryose. Imana yashoboraga no guca iminyururu yari iboshye amagambo y’ubugingo biyoroheye nk’uko yabashaga gukingura imiryango ya gereza kandi igafungura inzugi z’ibyuma kugira ngo ishyire abagaragu bayo mu mudendendezo. Mu bihugu bitandukanye by’i Burayi, abantu bakoreshejwe na Mwuka w’Imana bashakashaka ukuri nk’ushaka ubutunzi buhishwe. Barinzwe kandi bayobowe n’Imana ku Byanditswe Byera kandi impapuro zabyo baziganaga umuhati mwinshi. Bari biteguye kwakira umucyo batitaye ku byababaho ibyo ari byo byose. Nubwo batasobanukiwe neza n’ibintu byose, babashishijwe kubona ukuri kwari kumaze imyaka myinshi kwarahishwe. Nk’intumwa zoherejwe n’Ijuru, bagiye hirya no hino baca iminyururu y’ubuyobe n’ubupfumu bakararikira abantu bari baragizwe imbata igihe kirekire guhaguruka bakava mu buretwa bakajya mu mudendezo. II 79.1

Usibye mu Bawalidense gusa, Ijambo ry’Imana ryari ryaramaze imyaka myinshi riri mu ndimi zari zizwi n’abize gusa gusa; ariko noneho igihe cyari kigeze kugira ngo Ibyanditswe byera bisobanurwe mu zindi ndimi kandi bihabwe abantu bo mu bihugu bitandukanye biri mu ndimi zabo za kavukire. Isi yari ivuye mu gihe cy’umwijima w’icuraburindi yari irimo. Amasaha y’umwijima yari agiye kurangira, kandi mu bihugu byinshi byasaga n’aho habonetse ibimenyetso by’urukerera. II 79.2

Mu kinyejana cya cumi na kane, mu Bwongereza harashe “inyenyeri yo mu rukerera y’Ubugorozi.” Ntabwo Johana Wiklife yari integuza y’ubugorozi mu Bwongereza gusa, ahubwo n’ahandi hose harangwaga ubukristo. Kutemera inyigisho z’i Roma kwe gukomeye ntikwari guteze kwibagirana. Uko kurwanya izo nyigisho kwatangije urugamba rwagombaga gutuma habaho ukwishyira ukizana kw’abantu ku giti cyabo, amatorero ndetse n’ibihugu. II 79.3

Wycliffe yari yarahawe uburere bwamuhesheje umudendezo; ku bwe gutinya Uwiteka ni byo shingiro ry’ubwenge. Mu mashuri yigagamo yarangwagaho imico iboneye n’impano zitangaje ndetse n’ubumenyi buhanitse. Mu mibereho ye yari ifitiye inyota ubumenyi, yashakaga kumenya ibyigwa by’uburyo bwose. Yigishijwe iby’ubucurabwenge, amategeko y’itorero n’iby’amategeko mbonezamubano y’igihugu cye by’umwihariko. Agaciro k’ibyo yize akiri muto kaje kugaragara mu byo yakoze nyuma. Kumenya neza iby’ubucurabwenge bwo mu gihe cye byamubashishije gushyira ahagaragara ubuyobe buburimo; kandi kuba yarize iby’amategeko y’igihugu n’ay’itorero byatumye yari yiteguye kujya mu rugamba rwo guharanira umudendezo w’abantu muri rusange no mu by’idini. Nubwo yari ashoboye gukoresha intwaro akuye mu Ijambo ry’Imana, yari afite ikinyabupfura yakuye mu mashuri kandi yari asobanukiwe no gukoresha amayeri nk’umuntu wize. Imbaraga z’ubuhanga bwe, ubwinshi n’uburemere by’ubwenge bwe byatumaga abanzi n’incuti ze bamwubaha. Abari baramuyobotse bumvaga banyuzwe n’uko ubarangaje imbere ari umwe mu bantu b’imena mu gihugu; kandi abanzi be ntibabashaga kubona aho bahera barwanya ubugorozi bashingiye ku bujiji cyangwa intege nke z’ukurangaje imbere. II 80.1

Igihe Wycliffe yari akiri mu mashuri nibwo yatangiye kwiga Ibyanditswe. Muri ibyo bihe bya mbere ubwo Bibiliya yari yanditswe mu ndimi za kera gusa, abari barize ni bo babashaga kubona inzira ibageza ku isoko y’ukuri. Iyo nzira yari ifunzwe ku matsinda y’abari batarize. Bityo inzira yari yaramaze gutegurirwa Wycliffe mu murimo yari kuzakora nk’Umugorozi. Abantu bajijutse bari barize Ijambo ry’Imana kandi bari barabonye ukuri gukomeye k’ubuntu bw’Imana buhishurwa muri byo. Mu myigishirize yabo bari barakwirakwije uku kuri kandi bari barayoboye abandi ngo bagaruke ku nyigisho nzima. II 80.2

Ubwo intekerezo za Wycliffe zerekeraga ku Byanditswe, yitangiye kubicukumburana umwete nk’uwo yari afite wari waramubashishije kumenya neza ibyo yigaga mu mashuri. Kugeza icyo gihe yari yarumvise hari icyo abura gikomeye adashobora kubona mu byo yize cyangwa ngo agikure mu nyigisho z’idini. Mu Ijambo ry’Imana yabonyemo icyo yari yarabuze mbere hose. Yasanze inama y’agakiza ihishurwa mu Byanditswe kandi na Kristo yerekanwa nk’umuvugizi umwe rukumbi w’umuntu. Yitangiye gukora umurimo wa Kristo kandi yiyemeza kwamamaza ukuri yari yaravumbuye. II 80.3

Kimwe n’abagorozi bakurikiyeho, ku itangira ry’umurimo we, ntabwo Wycliffe yabonaga aho uzamugeza. Ntabwo yapfuye kwiyemeza kutavuga rumwe na Roma. Ariko uko yari yariyeguriye ukuri nta kindi byajyaga gukora uretse kumutera guhangana n’ikinyoma. Uko yarushagaho kubona neza amakosa y’ubupapa ni ko yongeraga umurego mu kwigisha inyigisho ya Bibiliya. Yabonye ko Roma yari yarasimbuje Ijambo ry’Imana imigenzo y’abantu. Yavuze ashize amanga maze ashinja abapadiri kuba barabuzanyije Ibyanditswe Byera, kandi asaba ko Bibiliya yakongera guhabwa abantu ndetse ikongera guhabwa agaciro kayo mu itorero. Yari umwigisha ubishoboye kandi w’umunyamurava ndetse yari n’umubwiriza w’intyoza. Ikindi kandi, imibereho ye ya buri munsi yagaragazaga ukuri yabwirizaga. Ubumenyi bw’Ibyanditswe yari afite, imbaraga ze zo gutekereza, ubutungane bw’imibereho ye, umurava we udacogora n’ubunyangamugayo bwe byamuhesheje icyubahiro n’icyizere muri rubanda. Uko babonaga uburyo icyaha cyari cyarahawe intebe mu itorero ry’i Roma, abenshi muri rubanda bari barageze aho bumva bazinutswe imyizerere isanzwe, bityo bakirana ibyishimo bitavugwa ibitekerezo bizanywe na Wycliffe; nyamara abapadiri bari buzuye uburakari bukaze ubwo babonaga ko uyu Mugorozi ari kugira ijambo kubarusha. II 81.1

Wycliffe yari umuhanga ubasha kuvumbura ikosa, kandi yarwanyije ibibi byakorwaga n’ubutegetsi bwa Roma ashize ubwoba. Mu gihe yari ashinzwe iby’iyobokomana i bwami, yarwanyije itegeko rya Papa ryasabaga umwami w’Ubwongereza guha Papa umusoro kandi yerekana ko ubutware ubupapa bwihaye ku batware b’isi bwari bunyuranyije n’umutimanama ndetse n’ibyo Imana ihishurira abantu. Ibyo Papa yasabaga byari byarateje abantu kuzinukwa ku buryo inyigisho za Wycliffe zahinduye ibitekerezo by’abategetsi bakuru mu gihugu. Umwami n’ibyegera bye baherako bafatanyiriza hamwe kwanga ubutware bwa papa kandi banga gutanga imisoro yasabaga. Ibyo byashegeshe ubutegetsi bwa Papa mu Bwongereza. II 81.2

Ikindi kintu kibi Umugorozi Wycliffe yarwanyije igihe kirekire akoresheje imbaraga nyinshi ni ishyirwaho ry’ibigo by’abapadiri batagira umutungo wabo bwite ahubwo basabiriza. Abo basabirizi bari benshi mu Bwongereza, kandi bacaga intege ugukomera no gukungahara by’igihugu. Inganda, uburezi n’umuco mbonera byose byagezweho n’ingaruka zabyo. Imibereho y’abapadiri yo kutagira icyo bakora no gusabiriza ntabwo yamungaga umutungo wa rubanda gusa ahubwo yanateye urubyiruko rushoboye gukora kuba imburamumaro. Urubyiruko rwari rwarataye umuco. Bitewe n’abo bapadiri; benshi mu rubyiruko bashowe mu kujya kuba mu bigo by’abapadiri kandi bakegurira imibereho yabo kuba muri ibyo bigo. Ibyo ntibyakorwaga ababyeyi babo batabemereye gusa ahubwo ntibabaga banabizi ndetse byabaga binanyuranyije n’amabwiriza babahaye. Ubwo umwe mu bapadiri ba mbere b’itorero ry’i Roma yafataga amabwiriza y’ibigo byabo akayarutisha urukundo rw’imiryango yabo n’ibyo ibasaba, yabwiye ababizamo ati, “Nubwo so ukubyara yaryama ku muryango wawe abogoza amarira kandi aganya, ndetse na nyoko akambika ubusa inda yagutwise n’amabere yakonkeje, uzabatambuke maze ukomeze usange Kristo.” Kubw’iyi “mvugo ya kinyamaswa” nk’uko Luteri yaje kuyita nyuma, ‘yagaragazaga imico nk’iy’ikirura n’umunyagitugu w’umubisha kuruta uko yaba iy’umukristo ndetse n’umuntu’, imitima y’abana yaranangirwaga ikagomera ababyeyi babo. ³² Nk’uko Abafarisayo bo mu gihe cya kera babigenje, uko ni ko abayobozi b’ubupapa bahinduye ubusa amategeko y’Imana bakayasimbuza imigenzo yabo. Uko ni ko imiryango yasigayemo ubusa maze ababyeyi bamburwa abahungu n’abakobwa babo. II 81.3

N’abanyeshuri bo muri za kaminuza bashukwaga n’ibitekerezo bibi by’abapadiri kandi bakagwa mu mutego wo kwemera ibyo babategekaga. Byaratindaga benshi muri bo bakagera ubwo bicuza iyo ntambwe bateye, bamaze kubona ko ibyo barimo byangije ubuzima bwabo kandi bikaba byarababaje ababyeyi babo. Nyamara uwabaga yaramaze gufatwa mu mutego, ntibyashobokaga ko bawuvamo ngo basubire mu mudendezo. Kubwo gutinya ibikorwa by’abo bapadiri, ababyeyi benshi banze kohereza abana babo ngo bajye kwiga muri za kaminuza. Habayeho kugabanyuka gukomeye k’umubare w’abanyeshuri bajyaga mu bigo by’amashuri bikomeye. Amashuri yabuze abayigamo maze ubujiji buba gikwira. II 82.1

Papa yari yarahaye abo bapadiri ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu bicuza ibyaha no kubaha imbabazi. Ibyo byabaye isoko y’ibibi bikomeye. Kubera kurangamira kugwiza indamu zabo, bahoraga biteguye gutanga imbabazi z’ibyaha ku buryo abicanyi b’uburyo bwose babasangaga, bityo ingaruka yaje kuba iy’uko ubugizi bwa nabi bukabije bwiyongereye vuba vuba. Abakene n’abarwayi bari barabaye intabwa mu gihe impano zari zikwiriye gukemura ubukene bwabo zashyirwaga abapadiri bakaga abantu ibyo kubafasha babakangisha, ko abatazazitanga batazafatwa nk’abantu batunganye. Nubwo bavugaga ko ari abakene, ubukungu bw’abo bapadiri bwarushagaho kugwira kandi inyubako zabo z’ibitangarirwa, n’ibyokurya bya gikungu ku meza yabo byarushagaho guhamya ubukene bwiyongera mu gihugu. Nyamara nubwo bamaraga igihe biberaho gikungu kandi bishimisha, batumaga abantu b’injiji bashobora guca imigani itangaje, no kuvuga ibitekerezo by’ibihimbano n’inzenya kugira ngo basetse abantu, bityo barusheho gukomeza kuba abayoboke babo. Abo bapadiri babaga mu bigo bakomeje kwigarurira imbaga y’abantu bizeraga ubupfumu maze babatera kwizera ko inshingano yose mu myizerere ikubiyemo kwemera ubutware bwa Papa, gusenga abatagatifu no guha impano abapadiri kandi ko ibyo bihagije kugira ngo bibaheshe rwose umwanya mu ijuru. II 82.2

Abantu b’abanyabwenge kandi b’inyangamugayo bari baragerageje kuzana impinduka mu mikorere y’ibyo bigo by’abapadiri nyamara biba iby’ubusa. Ariko Wycliffe, mu mirebere ye yuzuye gusobanukirwa neza, yarwanyije ikibi ahereye mu mizi, avuga yeruye ko iyo gahunda y’ibyo bigo ubwayo itari ukuri kandi ko ikwiriye kuvaho. II 82.3

Ibyo byateje impaka n’ibibazo. Uko abapadiri bagendaga mu gihugu bagurisha impapuro zatanzwe na Papa zihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha, abantu benshi bageze ubwo bashidikanya uburyo bukoreshwa bwo kugura imbabazi amafaranga, maze bibaza niba batabasha gusaba imbabazi Imana aho kuzishaka ku mutware w’ikirenga w’i Roma. Ntabwo ari abantu bake batangazwaga n’ubwambuzi bw’abo bapadiri babaga mu bigo bari bafite umururumba utarigeraga ushira. Abantu baravugaga bati, “Abihayimana bikingirana mu bigo hamwe n’abapadiri bashyizweho na Roma bari kutumunga nka kanseri. Imana ikwiye kuturokora nibitaba ibyo abantu bazarimbuka.” ³³ II 83.1

Mu rwego rwo guhisha umururumba wabo, abo bapadiri basabirizaga bahamyaga ko bakurikiza urugero rw’Umukiza, bakavuga ko Yesu n’intumwa ze babeshwagaho n’impano bahawe n’abantu. Urwo rwitwazo rwateje akaga mu murimo wabo kuko byatumye abantu benshi bajya gusoma Bibiliya kugira ngo bimenyere ukuri. Iyo yabaye ingaruka ikomeye Roma itifuzaga na gato. Intekerezo z’abantu zerekejwe ku Isoko y’ukuri Roma yari yaragambiriye guhisha. II 83.2

Wycliffe yatangiye kwandika no gukwirakwiza inyandiko zivuguruza abapadiri, nyamara ntiyifuzaga cyane ku kujya impaka nabo, ahubwo yari ashishikajwe no kwerekeza intekerezo z’abantu ku byo Bibiliya yigisha no ku Uwayandikishije. Yavuze ko uretse n’abapadiri basanzwe na Papa ubwe adafite ubushobozi bwo kubabarira ibyaha cyangwa ubwo guca umuntu mu itorero kereka uwo muntu ubwe abanje kwizanira gucibwaho iteka n’Imana. Nta bundi buryo bwiza yajyaga gukoresha asenya gahunda iremereye ityo y’ubuyobozi bw’iby’umwuka yashyizweho na Papa kandi yari yaragize imbohe miliyoni nyinshi z’abantu. II 83.3

Wycliffe yongeye guhamagarirwa kurengera uburenganzira bw’ubwami bw’Ubwongereza imbere yo kubuvogera kwa Roma. Amaze kugirwa uhagarariye (ambasaderi) umwami, Wycliffe yamaze imyaka ibiri mu Buholandi agirana ibiganiro n’intumwa za Papa. Muri ibyo biganiro yabashije kuvugana n’abayobozi b’idini bavuye mu Bufaransa, Ubutaliyani, na Esipanye, kandi agira umwanya wo kubona ibyari byihishe inyuma y’ibyakorwaga no kumenya ibintu byinshi atari kuzasobanukirwa ari mu Bwongereza. Aho yahigiye ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi byagombaga kumufasha cyane mu mirimo ye yajyaga kuzakurikiraho. Izo ntumwa zari zoherejwe na Papa, Wycliffe yazibonyemo imico nyakuri ndetse n’intego by’inzego zitandukanye mu buyobozi bw’idini. Yagarutse mu Bwongereza gukomeza inyigisho yigishaga mbere abikora yeruye afite n’umwete mwinshi, akavuga ko umururumba, ubwibone n’uburyarya ari byo Roma yagize imana zayo. II 84.1

Imwe mu nyandiko ze, ubwo Wycliffe yavugaga ku bya Papa n’abasoresha yashyizeho, yaravuze ati: ” Bavoma ibyajyaga kubeshaho abakene bo mu gihugu cyacu, ndetse n’ibihumbi byinshi bya zahabu n’ifeza baka mu butunzi bw’umwami buri mwaka bigakoreshwa mu masakaramentu n’ibindi bintu by’umwuka, kandi ari ubuyobe bukabije bwo kugura no kugurisha iby’umwuka byatumye Abakristo bose babyemera bakanashikama muri byo. Yarakomeje ati, ‘Kandi nubwo ubutegetsi bwacu bufite umusozi munini w’izahabu utagira undi uwukoraho uretse bariya basoresha bakorera umwepisikopi w’umwibone watwawe n’iby’isi; uko igihe kizagenda gihita, uyu musozi uzashiraho kuko akomeza kuvunguraho atwara amafaranga y’igihugu cyacu ntacyo yinjizamo kitari umuvumo w’Imana gusa binyuze mu kugura no kugurisha iby’umwuka.” ³⁴ II 84.2

Ubwo hari hashize igihe gito Wycliffe agarutse mu Bwongereza, umwami yamushinze kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa Lutterworth. Ibi byari igihamya cy’uko umwami yanejejwe n’ibyo Wycliffe yavugaga yeruye. Impinduka Wycliffe yateje zagaragaye mu gutunganya imikorere ibwami ndetse no kugorora imyizerere y’igihugu cyose. II 84.3

Inkuba ziturutse kwa Papa zahise zimwibasira. Inzandiko eshatu za Papa zoherejwe mu Bwongereza: rumwe rwoherezwa kuri kaminuza, urundi ku mwami, naho urundi rwohererezwa abayobozi bakuru b’idini. Izo nzandiko zose zategekaga ko hafatwa ibyemezo byihutiwe kandi bidakebakeba byo gucecekesha uwo muntu wigisha ubuyobe.” ³⁵ II 85.1

Ariko mbere y’uko izo nzandiko ziza, abepisikopi bari bihutiye gufata icyemezo ubwabo cyo guhamagaza Wycliffe ngo bamucire urubanza. Nyamara babiri mu bikomangoma bikomeye by’ibwami bamuherekeje mu rukiko ndetse n’abaturage bari bazengurutse inyubako bisuka mu cyumba baciramo imanza bityo abacamanza bagira ubwoba ku buryo urubanza rwahagaritswe maze Wycliffe abasha gusohoka agenda amahoro. II 85.2

Bitinze gato, Eduwaridi wa III (Edouard III), uwo abepesikopi bashakaga gukoresha ngo arwanye umugorozi Wycliffe, ariko akaza gupfa azize ubusaza, asimburwa n’umuntu wari ushyigikiye Wycliffe, aba umusigire ku ngoma. II 85.3

Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, kuza kw’inzandiko za Papa kwashimangiraga itegeko Ubwongereza bugomba kubahiriza ryo gufata no gufunga uwanyuranyaga n’inyigisho za Papa. Izo ngamba zerekezaga ku gihano cyo kubohera umuntu ku mbago agatwikwa. Byagaragaye neza ko bidatinze Wycliffe agiye guhinduka umuhigo wa Roma ikamwihimuraho. Nyamara uwari warigeze kubwira umukurambere Aburamu ati: “Witinya, ni jye ngabo igukingira” (Itangiriro 15:1) yongeye gukinga ukuboko maze arinda umugaragu we. Ntabwo urupfu rwatwaye umugorozi Wycliffe ahubwo rwahitanye umwepisikopi wari waciye iteka ryo kwicisha umugorozi. Geregori wa XI yarapfuye maze abayobozi bakuru b’idini bari bateranyijwe no gucira urubanza Wycliffe baratatana. II 85.4

Uburinzi bw’Imana bwakomeje kuyobora ibyabaga kugira ngo haboneke amahirwe y’uko umurimo w’ubugorozi wakomeza gukura. Urupfu rwa Geregori wa XI rwakurikiwe n’itorwa ry’aba Papa babiri batumvikanaga. Abategetsi babiri bahanganye kandi buri wese avuga ko ari nyirubutungane basabaga kubahwa. Buri wese yahamagariye abakristo kumufasha kurwanya undi, ashyigikiza itegeko rye gucibwa kw’abataryubahiriza bose kandi asezeranira abamwumvira ibihembo mu ijuru. Ayo makimbirane yaciye cyane intege imbaraga z’ubupapa. Abo bari bahanganye bakoraga ibyo bashoboye byose kugira ngo bagabaneho ibitero maze bituma Wycliffe agira agahenge mu gihe runaka. Imivumo no gushinjanya ubuyobe byari urujya n’uruza hagati y’abo bapapa bombi, kandi imivu y’amaraso yaramenekaga kugira ngo buri wese ashyigikire ibitekerezo bye. Ubwicanyi n’ibyaha bikomeye byuzuye mu itorero. Muri icyo gihe cy’impaka hagati y’abo bapapa bombi, Wycliffe yari yibereye aho yari aruhukiye mu itorero rye i Lutterworth ari gukora ubudacogora kugira ngo akure amaso y’abantu kuri abo bapapa bari bahanganye maze ayerekeze kuri Yesu, Umwami w’amahoro. II 86.1

Amacakubiri mu itorero, intambara n’ibibi yateje, byateguriye ubugorozi inzira bibashisha abantu gusobanukirwa neza uko ubupapa buteye. Mu rwandiko yanditse rwari rufite umutwe uvuga ngo, ‘Ku Macakubiri y’Abapapa’ Wycliffe yararikiye abantu kugenzura niba abo bepisikopi bombi bataravugaga ukuri ubwo buri wese yashinjaga undi kuba antikristo. Wycliffe yaravuze ati, “Ntabwo Imana yemeye ko umudayimoni atera umupapa umwe gusa, ahubwo habaye amacakubiri hagati yabo bombi kugira ngo abantu babashe kubatsinda bombi mu buryo bworoshye mu izina rya Yesu.” ³⁶ II 86.2

Mu kugera ikirenge mu cy’Umukiza we, Wycliffe yabwirije abakene ubutumwa bwiza. Ntabwo yanejejwe no gusakaza umucyo mu ngo z’abakene bo muri paruwasi ye ya Lutterworth gusa, ahubwo yiyemeje ko wagezwa mu bice byose by’igihugu cy’Ubwongereza. Kugira ngo agere ku ntego, yateguye itsinda ry’ababwiriza bari abantu boroheje kandi bitanze bakundaga ukuri ntibagire ikindi bifuza uretse ku kwamamaza. Abo bantu bagiye hirya no hino, bakigishiriza mu masoko, mu nzira zo mu mijyi minini ndetse no mu mihora yo mu cyaro. Bashakishaga abantu bakuze, abarwayi ndetse n’abakene maze bakababwira inkuru nziza y’ubuntu bw’Imana. II 86.3

Nk’umwigisha w’iby’iyobokamana ahitwa Oxford, Wycliffe yabwirizaga Ijambo ry’Imana mu byumba binini byo muri kaminuza. Bitewe n’ubuhanga bwe, yigishaga abanyeshuri ukuri ntacyo abahisha ku buryo yahawe intera yo kwitwa “umuhanga w’ikirenga mu butumwa bwiza.” Nyamara umurimo uhebuje iyindi Wycliffe yakoze mu buzima bwe wabaye uwo gusobanura Bibiliya mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza. Mu gitabo yanditse yise: “ Ukuri n’Ubusobanuro bw’Ibyanditswe”, yagaragajemo umugambi we wo gusobanura Bibiliya, kugira ngo umuturage wese wo mu Bwongereza abashe kwisomera mu rurimi rwe kavukire ibitangaza Imana yakoze. II 87.1

Mu buryo butunguranye, umurimo we waje guhagarikwa. Nubwo yari ataramara imyaka mirongo itandatu y’ubukuru, gukora ubudatuza, kwiga no guhohoterwa n’abanzi be byari byaragabanyije imbaraga ze maze bituma asaza imburagihe. Yafashwe n’indwara ikomeye cyane. Iyo nkuru yanejeje abanzi be. Bibwiraga ko bizatuma yicuza ibibi yakoreye itorero, bityo bihutira kumusanga mu cyumba yari arwariyemo kugira ngo bumve amagambo ye yo kwicuza. Abahagarariye ibigo bine by’idini hamwe n’abayobozi bane mu butegetsi bwa leta baraje bakikiza uwo bibwiraga ko agiye gushiramo umwuka. Baramubwiye bati: “Dore ugiye gupfa, emera amakosa yawe maze wicurize imbere yacu ibyo wavuze byose uduharabika.” Umugorozi Wycliffe yateze amatwi acecetse; maze asaba umurwaza we kumwegura aho mu gitanda cye. Yahanze amaso ye abo bari bamukikije bahagaze bategereje kumva ijambo ryo kwicuza kwe. Yavuganye ijwi rikomeye ririmo imbaraga ryari ryaragiye kenshi rituma abo bapadiri bahinda umushyitsi ati: “Sindi bupfe, ahubwo nzarama; kandi nzongera mvuge ibikorwa bibi by’abapadiri.” ³⁷ Abo bapadiri baguye mu kantu kandi babura icyo bakora maze bahita basohoka muri icyo cyumba. II 87.2

Amagambo ya Wycliffe yarasohoye. Yakomeje kubaho kugira ngo ashyikirize abaturage b’igihugu cye intwaro isumba izindi yo kurwanisha Roma ari yo Bibiliya; intwaro yatanzwe n’ijuru kugira ngo ibature abantu, ibamurikire kandi ibigishe ubutumwa bwiza. Mu gukora uwo murimo habayeho imbogamizi nyinshi kandi zikomeye zagombaga gutambukwa. Wycliffe yari arembejwe n’uburwayi bwe; yari azi ko ashigaje imyaka mike cyane yo gukora; yabonaga kurwanywa agomba kuzahangana nako, ariko yatewe ubutwari n’amasezerano yo mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Yakomeje kujya mbere nta kimutera ubwoba. Mu mbaraga z’ubwenge bwe, akaba n’inararibonye, yari yararinzwe kandi ategurwa n’Imana ngo azakore uwo murimo, ari na wo waruse iyindi yose yakoze. Mu gihe abakristo barenganaga, Wycliffe yari mu buyobozi i Lutterworth; ntiyita ku kaga kaberaga hanze maze ashishikarira gukora umurimo yitoranyirije. II 87.3

Amaherezo, uwo murimo waje kurangira maze Bibiliya ya mbere isobanuwe mu Cyongereza iba irabonetse. Ijambo ry’Imana ryari rifunguriwe igihugu cy’Ubwongereza. Ubu noneho Umugorozi ntiyatinyaga kuba yashyirwa muri gereza cyangwa kuzirikwa ku mambo agatwikwa. Yari amaze gushyikiriza abaturage bo mu Bwongereza umucyo utazigera uzima. Icyo gikorwa cyo kubagezaho Bibiliya cyari intambwe yindi ikomeye yo guca iminyururu y’ubujiji n’ingeso mbi, kubohora no guteza imbere igihugu cye mu buryo butigeze bugerwaho n’insinzi zikomeye bagiye bageraho ku rugamba. II 88.1

Ubuhanga bwo gucapa inyandiko nyinshi mu buryo bwihuse bwari butaraduka, umurimo wo gukora amakopi menshi ya Bibiliya wari uruhije kandi ukorwa buhoro cyane. Byari iby’ agaciro gakomeye cyane gutunga Bibiliya ku buryo abantu benshi babyifuzaga bagiye mu murimo wo kuyandukura, nyamara byari bikomereye abanditsi kubona amakopi ahagije abayikeneye bose. Bamwe mu baguzi b’abakire bifuzaga kubona Bibiliya yose. Abandi baguraga ibice byayo bimwe. Akenshi, imiryango myinshi yishyiraga hamwe kugira ngo ishobore kwigurira Bibiliya. Uko niko Bibiliya yasobanuwe na Wycliffe yinjiye mu ngo z’abantu. II 88.2

Kuvugururwa mu bitekerezo byakuye abantu mu kumvira inyigisho za Papa nyacyo bazivuzeho. Kuva ubwo Wycliffe yigishije inyigisho zihariye za giporotesitanti ari zo: agakiza kaboneka kubwo kwizera Kristo ndetse no kutibeshya kw’Ibyanditswe byera. Ababwiriza Wycliffe yari yarohereje bakwirakwije Bibiliya n’inyandiko ze kandi uwo murimo wageze ku ntego ku buryo ukwizera gushya kwakiwe na hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage b’Ubwongereza. II 88.3

Kuboneka kwa Bibiliya kwateye ubwoba abayobozi bakuru b’idini. Ubwo noneho babonaga ko bagiye kurwana n’igikoresho kirusha Wycliffe imbaraga kandi ko intwaro bafite zidashobora kugihangara. Muri ibyo bihe, mu Bwongereza nta tegeko ryari rihari ryabuzanyaga gutunga Bibiliya kuko itari yakandikwa mu rurimi abaturage bavugaga. Amategeko nk’ayo yaje gushyirwaho nyuma kandi yubahirizwa nta gukebakeba. Muri icyo gihe, nubwo abepisikopi bakoranaga umuhati, habayeho igihe cy’uko ijambo ry’Imana rikwirakwizwa. II 89.1

Abayobozi bakuru bashyizweho na papa bongeye gucura umugambi wo gucecekesha umugorozi. Yatumiwe incuro eshatu zikurikirana kugira ngo acirwe urubanza nyamara ntibyagira icyo bitanga. Ubwa mbere, inama y’abepisikopi yahamije ko inyandiko ze ari iz’ubuyobe kandi abo bepesikopi babashije gutuma umwami Richard wa II wari ukiri muto ajya ku ruhande rwabo, maze abashyiriraho iteka ry’umwami ryavugaga ko umuntu wese uzahangara kwigisha inyigisho zaciwe akwiriye gufungwa. II 89.2

Wycliffe yajuririye Inteko nshinga-mategeko; arega akomeje inzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Papa mu nama y’igihugu, asaba ko hakwiriye kubaho ivugurura no gukosora amakosa akomeye itorero rikora. Yavuganye ubushizi bw’amanga maze asobanura ibyubahiro bidakwiye ndetse n’imyitwarire ibangamye y’ubupapa. Abamurwanyaga baguye mu rujijo. Incuti ze n’abari bamushyigikiye bari barahatiwe kumuvaho, bityo bari biteze ko Wycliffe ku giti cye, mu buzasa bwe nta ncuti afite, ari bwumvire ubutware bw’umwami n’ubw’abayobozi b’idini. Nyamara aho kugira ngo bibe bityo, intumwa za papa ni zo zatsinzwe. Inteko nshinga-mategeko imaze kunyurwa n’ubusobanuro bwa Wycliffe, yakuyeho iteka ryo gupfa Wycliffe yari yaciriwe maze yongera kubona umudendezo. II 89.3

Yongeye gutumirwa incuro ya gatatu mu rukiko rukuru rw’idini mu bwami bw’Ubwongereza. Muri uru rukiko nta mpuhwe zajyaga kugirirwa inyigisho bitaga iz’ubuyobe. Abashyigikiye papa batekerezaga ko aho ari ho Roma iri butsindire maze ibikorwa by’ubugorozi bigahagarikwa. Iyo bajya gusohoza umugambi wabo, Wycliffe yajyaga guhatirwa guhakana inyigisho ze bitaba ibyo agasohorwa mu rukiko ajyanwa gutwikwa. II 90.1

Nyamara ntabwo Wycliffe yagamburuye, ntabwo yashoboraga kwiyoberanya. Yakomeye ku nyigisho ze ashize amanga maze avuguruza ibirego by’abamurenganyaga. Yageze aho areka kwizirikana, yibagirwa icyo ari cyo n’aho yari ari maze ashyira abamuteze amatwi imbere y’urukiko rw’Imana bityo uburiganya n’uburyarya bwabo abishyira ku munzani w’ukuri guhoraho. Imbaraga ya Mwuka Muziranenge yumvikanye muri icyo cyumba. Umwuka uturutse ku Mana wagendereye abari bateze amatwi. Basaga n’abadafite imbaraga ibabashisha kuva aho hantu. Amagambo y’umugorozi yari ameze nk’umwambi urashwe n’Imana yahuranyije imitima yabo. Ikirego cy’ubuyobe bari bamushyizeho yacyerekeje kuri bo afite imbaraga itsinda imitima. Yababajije impamvu bahangara gukwirakwiza ibinyoma byabo bagambiriye inyungu maze bakagurisha ubuntu bw’Imana? II 90.2

Yasoje agira ati, “Mutekereza ko murwana na nde? Ese ni umusaza nka njye uri ku munwa w’imva? Reka da! Ahubwo murarwana n’Ukuri, Ukuri kubarusha imbaraga kandi kuzabatsinda.” ³⁸ Amaze kuvuga ibyo, yasohotse mu rukiko maze ntihagira umuntu n’umwe mu banzi be utinyuka kumuhagarika. II 90.3

Wycliffe yari ku ndunduro y’umurimo we. Ibendera ry’ukuri yari yaratwaye igihe kirekire ryari rigiye gukurwa mu ntoke ze ariko yagombaga kongera guhamya ubutumwa bwiza. Ukuri kwagombaga kuvugirwa mu ndiri y’ubwami bw’ikinyoma. Wycliffe yahamagariwe gucirwa urubanza imbere y’urukiko rwa Papa i Roma rwari rwaravushije amaraso kenshi y’abazirakarengane. Ntabwo Wycliffe yari ayobewe akaga kamutegereje; nyamara iyo atabuzwa n’indwara yo kugagara ingingo aba yaritabye iryo hamagarwa. Icyakora nubwo ijwi rye ritabashaga kumvikana i Roma, yashoboraga kuhavugira mu buryo bw’urwandiko kandi iki ni cyo yiyemeje gukora. Aho yari ari mu buyobozi bw’ishuri rikuru, Wycliffe yandikiye Papa urwandiko mu mvugo irangwamo kubaha ndetse n’umwuka wa Gikristo. Urwo rwandiko ubwibone no kwishyira hejuru by’ubutegetsi bwa papa. II 91.1

Yaravuze ati: “Ni ukuri ndishimye cyane kuba mbonye uburyo bwo kumenyesha umuntu wese ibyo kwizera kwanjye ndetse by’umwihariko kubimenyesha Umwepisikopi mukuru w’i Roma. Kuko nzi ko ibyo nizera bitunganye kandi ari ukuri, nawe arahamya uko kwizera anezerewe cyangwa nikuba ari ubuyobe abikosore. II 91.2

Ubwa mbere, niringira ko Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo bukubiye hamwe amategeko y’Imana. . . nemera ko niba Papa ari we uhagarariye Kristo ku isi akwiriye kubahiriza amategeko y’Imana kurusha abandi bantu bose. Kuko kuba mukuru mu bigishwa ba Kristo bidashingiye ku byubahiro by’isi, ahubwo bishingiye ku gukurikiza Kristo neza mu mibereho ye n’imigendere ye. . . Igihe Kristo yari mu rugendo rwe muri iyi isi, yari umukene uri hanyuma y’abandi, akigizayo kandi akanga kugirwa umutware kose ndetse n’icyubahiro cy’isi… II 91.3

“Nta muntu w’indahemuka wagombye gukurikira yaba Papa ubwe cyangwa uwo ari we wese mu batagatifu, igihe cyose yiyemeje kugendera mu nzira z’Umukiza Yesu —Kristo. Kuko Petero n’abahungu ba Zebedayo, bamukojeje isoni mu gihe bishakiraga ibyubahiro by’isi, aho kugera ikirenge mu cya Kristo. Kubw’ibyo rero ntibakwiriye gukurikizwa muri ayo makosa bakoze.. . . II 92.1

Yakomeje agira ati, “Papa yari akwiriye kwegurira abategetsi b’isi ubutware n’ubushobozi kandi akabisaba n’ibyegera bye kuko ibyo ari byo Kristo yakoze ndetse n’abigishwa be by’umwihariko. Bityo rero, niba narateshutse no ku ngingo imwe muri izo mvuze, ndemera guca bugufi ngakosorwa ndetse binyuze no mu rupfu bibaye ngombwa. Kandi niba nkora nkurikije ubushake bwanjye n’ibyo nifuza, nakwemera rwose kwitaba umwepisokopi w’i Roma. Ariko Umukiza yangendereye mu buryo buhabanye n’ubwo kandi yanyigishije kubaha Imana kuruta abantu.” II 92.2

Mu gusoza urwandiko rwe yaravuze ati, “Dusabe Imana yacu ngo ikorere muri Papa wacu Urbain wa VI, nk’uko yabitangiye, ngo we ubwe n’abamwungirije babashe kugera ikirenge mu cy’Umukiza Yesu-Kristo mu mibereho no mu myifatire; kandi ngo babashe kwigisha abantu uko bikwiriye bityo babahe urugero rwiza bakwiriye kugenderamo.” ³⁹ II 92.3

Nguko uko Wycliffe yeretse Papa n’abakaridinali be ubugwaneza no kwicishije bugufi, abagaragariza ndetse n’abakristo bose itandukaniro hagati yabo n’Umukiza Yesu bavuga ko bahagarariye. II 92.4

Wycliffe yari yiteguye rwose ko ubuzima bwe buri buhinganywe no kuba indahemuka kwe. Umwami, Papa n’abepisikopi bose bari bifatanyirije hamwe kumuhitana, kandi byagaragaraga ko hasigaye amezi make gusa akicwa ariko ubutwari bwe ntibwacogoye. Yaravuze ati: “Kuki muvuga ibyo gushakira kure uwo mwambika ikamba ahowe Imana?” “Nimubwirize ubutumwa bwa Kristo abakuru mu by’idini bishyira hejuru bityo abarenganirizwa ibyo ntimuzababura. Mbese nkwiriye kubaho ncecetse?. . . Ntibikabeho! Ikigomba kumbaho cyose ndagitegereje.” ⁴⁰ II 93.1

Nyamara ubuntu bw’Imana bwakomeje kurinda umugaragu wayo. Umugabo wamaze igihe cyose cy’imibereho ye arwanira ukuri ashize amanga, mu kaga yahuraga na ko mu buzima bwe bwose, ntiyabashaga kugwa mu mutego w’urwango rw’abanzi be. Nta gihe na kimwe Wycliffe yashatse kwirwanirira ahubwo Uhoraho yagiye amubera umurinzi; kandi ubwo abanzi be bumvaga bamushyikiriye rwose, ukuboko k’Uwiteka kwarabamukijije. Umunsi umwe, ubwo yari mu rusengero rw’aho yayoboraga i Lutterworth, agiye gutanga igaburo ryera, ni bwo yaguye ikinya aragagara, ahita ashiramo umwuka. II 93.2

Imana ni yo yari yarahaye Wycliffe umurimo we. Ni yo yari yarashyize Ijambo ry’ukuri mu kanwa ke kandi ni yo yamurindaga kugira ngo iryo jambo ribashe kugera ku bantu. Ubuzima bwe bwari burinzwe kandi n’imirimo ye imara igihe kirekire ijya mbere kugeza ubwo urufatiro rw’umurimo ukomeye w’ubugorozi rwamariye gushyirwaho. II 93.3

Wycliffe yasohotse mu mwijima w’igihe cy’Imyaka y’Umwijima. Nta wundi muntu wigeze abaho mbere ye ngo Wycliffe ahere ku murimo maze atunganye umurimo w’ubugorozi. Yahagurutse nka Yohana Umubatiza kugira ngo arangize inshingano idasanzwe, yari integuza y’igihe gishya cyari kigiye gutangira. Nyamara mu migendekere y’ukuri yigishije, harimo ubumwe no kuzura abagorozi bamukurikiye batabashije kurenzaho kandi bamwe ntibanabigezeho haba no mu myaka amagana menshi yakurikiyeho. Urufatiro yashinze rwari rugari kandi rwimbitse, imiterere yarwo yari inoze ari ntamakemwa ku buryo abamukurikiye batakeneye kurusubiraho ngo bongere barwubake. II 94.1

Iryo tsinda mpinduramatwara rikomeye Wycliffe yatangije ryagombaga kubatura imitima n’ubwenge by’abantu, ndetse rigahesha umudendezo ibihugu byari bimaze igihe kirekire biri mu bubata bwa Roma. Iryo tsinda ryari rifite isoko yaryo muri Bibiliya. Aho niho nkomoko y’isoko y’umugisha yatembye nk’amazi y’ubugingo mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi uhereye mu kinyejana cya cumi na kane. Wycliffe yemeye Ibyanditswe Byera afite kwizera adashidikanya ko Ibyanditswe ari ihishurwa ry’ubushake bw’Imana kandi ko ari byo muyobozi uhagije wo kwizera n’ibikorwa. Wycliffe yari yararezwe atozwa gufata ko Itorero ry’i Roma ari ubutware bwashyizweho n’Imana kandi butibeshya. Yari yaramenyerejwe kwemerana kwumvira kudashidikanya inyigisho n’imigenzo bimaze imyaka ibihumbi byinshi; nyamara ibyo byose abitera umugongo yiyemeza kumvira Ijambo ryera ry’Imana. Iri jambo ni ryo mutware yararikiye abantu kuyoboka. Mu mwanya w’itorero ricisha inyigisho zaryo muri Papa; Wycliffe yavuze ko ubuyobozi nyakuri bwonyine ari ijwi ry’Imana rivugira mu Ijambo ryayo. Ntabwo yigishije kandi gusa ko Bibiliya ari yo hishurwa nyakuri ry’ubushake bw’Imana, ahubwo yanavuze ko Mwuka Muziranenge ari we musobanuzi waryo rukumbi, kandi ko kwiga inyigisho zaryo ari inshingano ya buri muntu ku giti cye. Ubwo nibwo buryo yashoboye kuvana intekerezo z’abantu kuri Papa no ku Itorero ry’i Roma maze azerekeza ku Ijambo ry’Imana. II 94.2

Wycliffe yabaye umwe mu bagorozi bakomeye. Ku byerekeranye n’ubwenge, mu bitekerezo bitunganye, mu gushikama ku kuri ndetse no mu bushizi bw’amanga mu kurwanirira ukuri, bake cyane bo mu bagorozi bakurikiyeho ni bo babashije kugera ku rugero rwe. Umugorozi wabimburiye abandi yaranzwe n’imibereho itunganye, kudakebakeba mu kwiga no mu murimo yiyemeje, ubunyangamugayo, urukundo rwa gikristo no kuba umwiringirwa mu murimo we. Nyamara yari ameze atyo mu gihe cy’umwijima w’icuraburindi mu bwenge n’imyitwarire mibi y’abantu bariho mu gihe cye. II 94.3

Imico ya Wycliffe ni igihamya cy’imbaraga yigisha kandi ihindura y’Ibyanditswe Byera. Bibiliya niyo yamugize uko yari ameze. Umwete wo kwakira ukuri gukomeye kwahishuwe utera imbaraga ubushobozi bwose bw’umubiri kandi ukabuhindura bushya. Uwo mwete utuma ubwenge bwaguka, intekerezo zigakanguka kandi gushyira mu gaciro bikagera ku rugero rukwiye. Kwiga Bibiliya bizatunganya buri ntekerezo, uko umuntu yiyumva ndetse n’imigambi ku rwego rutagerwaho n’indi myigire iyo ari yo yose. Bitera kugira imigambi ihamye, ukwihangana, ubutwari n’umurava. Bitunganya imico kandi bikeza umutima. Kwiga Ibyanditswe ubishimikiriye bituma intekerezo z’umwigishwa zihuzwa n’ubwenge butagerwa. Abantu bo ku isi bafite ubwenge bwinshi kandi b’abanyamurava ndetse n’abagendera mu mahame atunganye, bibahesha ubwenge butabashaga gutangwa n’inyigisho ikomeye ituruka ku bucurabwenge bwa muntu. “Guhishurirwa amagambo yawe kuzana umucyo, guha abaswa ubwenge. ” ⁴¹ II 95.1

Amahame yigishijwe na Wycliffe yamaze igihe akomeza gukwira hose. Abayoboke be bahabwaga akazina kamwitirirwa ngo Wikilifite; ntibigisha mu Bwongereza gusa ahubwo bakwiye no mu bindi bihugu bajyanye ubutumwa bwiza. Ariko noneho ubwo umuyobozi wabo yari atakiriho, abo babwiriza bakoranye umuhati uruta uwa mbere kandi abantu benshi bazaga kumva inyigisho zabo. Bamwe mu bakomeye, ndetse n’umugore w’umwami ubwe, babarizwaga mu bahindutse bagakurikira izo nyigisho. Ahantu henshi habayeho ivugururwa rikomeye mu mibereho y’abantu kandi ibimenyetso biranga kuramya ibigirwamana by’abanyaroma byakuwe mu nsengero. Bidatinze umugambi mubisha w’akarengane umeze nk’umugaru wasohoreye ku bantu bari barahangaye kwemera Bibiliya ngo ibabere umuyobozi. II 95.2

Kubera gushaka gukomeza ubutegetsi bwabo bishingikirije ku gushyigikirwa na Roma, ntabwo abami b’Ubwongereza batindiganyije kwicisha Abagorozi. Byabaye ubwa mbere mu mateka y’Ubwongereza maze itegeko ryo gutwikira abantu ku mambo rishyirirwaho abayobotse ubutumwa bwiza. Abicwaga bahowe ibyo bagendaga basimburana. Abarwaniriraga ukuri, abaciwe n’abicwaga urw’agashinyaguro nta wundi babashaga gutakira uretse Umwami Nyiringabo. Bahigwaga nk’abanzi b’itorero n’abagambanyi b’igihugu, bakomeje kujya babwiririza ahantu hihishe, bakabona ko kwikinga mu nzu zoroheje z’abakene ari byo byiza kandi akenshi bihishaga mu buvumo no mu bihanamanga. II 95.3

Nubwo akarengane kari gafite ubukana bukabije, mu myaka myinshi hakomeje kubaho uburyo butuje, burimo kwihangana n’umurava bwo guhakana ukwangirika k’ukwizera mu by’idini kwariho icyo gihe. Abakristo bo muri icyo gihe cya mbere bari bazi ukuri by’igice nyamara bari barize gukunda no kumvira Ijambo ry’Imana, kandi bari barababajwe bihanganye kubwa ryo. Nk’uko abigishwa bo mu gihe cy’intumwa bari bameze, abantu benshi bataye ibyabo kubwa Kristo. Abari bemerewe kuba mu mazu yabo bakiranaga umunezero abavandimwe babo bameneshejwe mu miryango yabo kandi iyo nabo bameneshwaga, bemeraga kuba ibicibwa bishimye. Ni iby’ukuri ko hari abantu ibihumbi byinshi baterwaga ubwoba n’uburakari bukaze bw’ababatotezaga maze bagurana ukwizera kwabo umudendezo, bityo basohoka muri gereza bari bafungiwemo bambaye imyambaro yo kwihana bajya gutangaza kwisubiraho kwabo. Nyamara umubare w’abahamirije ukuri muri gereza no mu gihe cyo kwicwa urw’agashinyaguro no gutwikwa ntiwari muto. Muri bo harimo abantu bavuka mu miryango y’abakomeye kimwe n’aboroheje. Bicwaga kandi bagatwika bashimishijwe n’uko bahiswemo ngo “basangire imibabaro n’Umukiza.” II 96.1

Abayoboke ba Papa bari barananiwe kugenza Wycliffe uko bashaka igihe yari akiriho. Bityo urwango rwabo ntirwashoboraga kunyurwa igihe cyose umubiri we uruhukiye mu gituro. Kubw’iteka ryaciriwe mu nama y’Abepisikopi yabereye i Constance (Konsitanse), nyuma y’imyaka isaga mirongo ine Wycliffe apfuye, hemejwe ko amagufwa ye akurwa mu gituro, agatwikirwa ku karubanda maze ivu ryayo rikajugunywa mu kagezi kari hafi aho. Hari umwanditsi wa kera wavuze ati, “Aka kagezi kajyanye iryo vu mu mugezi witwa Avon, na wo urijyane muri Savern, Savern nayo irijyane mu nyanja ifunganye, nyuma rigere mu nyanja ngari. Bityo none iryo vu ry’amagufwa ya Wycliffe ribe ikimenyetso cy’amahame ye yakwiriye ku isi yose muri iki gihe.” Abo banzi be ntibasobanukiwe bihagije n’ubusobanuro bw’igikorwa cy’ubugome bakoze. ⁴² II 96.2

Inyigisho za Wycliffe, zatumye John Huss (Yohana Huse) w’i Boheme, agera ubwo yamagana amakosa menshi yakorwaga n’itorero ry’i Roma kandi yinjira mu murimo w’ubugorozi. Uko ni ko muri ibyo bihugu bibiri bitegeranye habibwe imbuto y’ukuri. Umurimo waturutse i Boheme usakara no mu tundi turere. Ibitekerezo by’abantu byongera kwerekezwa ku Ijambo ry’Imana ryari rimaze igihe kirekire ryaribagiranye. Ukuboko kw’Imana kwateguraga ubundi Bugorozi bukomeye. II 96.3

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