INTAMBARA IKOMEYE

IGICE CYA 15 - BIBILIYA N’IMPINDURAMATWARA MU BUFARANSA

Mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu, impinduramatwara yashyikirizaga abantu Bibiliya ibumbuye yari yarashatse kwinjira mu bihugu byose by’Uburayi. Ibihugu bimwe byayakiranye umunezero nk’aho ari intumwa yoherejwe n’Ijuru. Mu tundi turere, ubupapa bwari bwarageze ku ntego ku rwego rukomeye mu kuyamagana ngo itahinjira. Bityo umucyo wo kumenya Bibiliya ndetse n’ubushobozi bwayo buzahura byasaga n’ibibujijwe kuhagera rwose. Mu gihugu kimwe, nubwo umucyo wahinjiye ntabwo umwijima wawumenye. Mu binyejana byinshi, ukuri n’ibinyoma byarwaniraga guhabwa icyicaro. Amaherezo ikibi cyaratsinze maze ukuri mvajuru kuramaganwa. “Uko gucirwaho iteka ni uku; ni uko umucyo waje mu isi, abantu bagakunda umwijima kuwurutisha umucyo.” ²⁸⁹ Icyo gihugu cyari gisigaje gusarura imbuto z’ibyo cyari cyarahisemo. Mwuka w’Imana wakuwe mu bantu bari barasuzuguye impano y’ubuntu bw’Imana. Ikibi cyahawe intebe kirasagamba maze isi yose ibona umusaruro wo kwihitiramo kwanga umucyo. II 279.1

Urugamba rwo kurwanya Bibiliya rwagiye rushozwa mu Bufaransa mu binyejana byinshi rwaje kugera ahakomeye rubyara Impinduramatwara. Ako kaga kadutse kari ingaruka y’uko Roma yakuyeho Ibyanditswe Byera. Rwabaye urugero rubi rutigeze rubaho rugaragarije isi yose imikorere ya politiki y’ubupapa. Urwo rugamba rwabaye ukwigaragaza kw’ingaruka inyigisho z’Itorero ry’i Roma zerekezagaho mu gihe cy’imyaka isaga igihumbi. II 279.2

Gukuraho Ibyanditswe Byera kwabayeho mu gihe ubupapa bwari bufite ubutware byari byaravuzwe n’abahanuzi; kandi Umuhishuzi nawe yerekanye ingaruka ziteye ubwoba zagombaga kugwirira Ubufaransa ziturutse ku butegetsi bw’“umunyabugome.” II 279.3

Umumarayika w’Uhoraho yaravuze ati: “Kandi umudugudu wera bazamara amezi mirongo ine n’abiri bawukandagira. Abahamya banjye babiri nzabaha guhanura, bahanure iminsi igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu, bambaye ibigunira. . . . Kandi nibarangiza guhamya kwabo, inyamaswa izazamuka ivuye ikuzimu, irwane nabo, ibaneshe, ibice. Intumbi zabo zizarambarara mu nzira nyabagendwa yo mu mudugudu munini, ni wo witwa i Sodomu no mu Egiputa mu mvugo y’umwuka, ari na ho Umwami wabo yabambwe. . . . Abari mu isi bazazishima hejuru, bazikina ku mubyimba, banezerwe, boherezanye impano, kuko abo bahanuzi bombi bababazaga abari mu isi. Iyo minsi itatu n’igice ishize, umwuka w’ubugingo uva ku Mana winjira muri bo, baherako barahaguruka: ubwoba bwinshi butera ababibonye.” ²⁹⁰ II 280.1

Ibihe bivugwa aha ari byo -” amezi mirongo ine n’abiri” n’“iminsi igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu”, byose ni bimwe, kandi byose bigaragaza igihe itorero rya Kristo ryagombaga kubabazwa n’ikandamizwa rituritse ku butegetsi bw’itorero ry’i Roma. Imyaka 1260 yo gukomera k’ubupapa yatangiye muri 538 nyuma ya Kristo kandi yagombaga kurangira mu 1798. Icyo gihe (mu 1798) ingabo z’Ubufaransa zinjiye i Roma, zifata Papa ziramufunga maze aza kuzagwa mu buhungiro. Nubwo undi mupapa mushya yatowe bidatinze akamusimbura, ntabwo ubutware bukomeye ubupapa bwari bwaragize bwongeye kugira imbaraga nk’ubwo bwari bufite mbere. II 280.2

Ntabwo gutotezwa kw’itorero kwakomeje mu gihe cy’iyo myaka 1260. Mu mbabazi z’Imana igirira ubwoko bwayo, yagabanyije ibyo bihe by’akaga gakomeye barimo. Ubwo Umukiza yavugaga iby’“amakuba akomeye” yari kuzagwirira itorero, yaravuze ati: “Iyo minsi iyaba itagabanijweho, ntihajyaga kuzarokoka n’umwe.” ²⁹¹ Kubw’Impinduramatwara, itoteza ryarahagaraye bigeza mu mwaka wa 1798. II 280.3

Ku byerekeye abahamya babiri, umuhanuzi yongera kuvuga ati: “Abo bahamya ni bo biti bya elayo bibiri n’ibitereko by’amatabaza bibiri, bihagarara imbere y’Umwami w’isi.” Naho umwanditsi wa Zaburi we yaravuze ati: “Ijambo ryawe ni itabaza ry’ibirenge byanjye, ni umucyo umurikira inzira yanjye.” ²⁹² Abo bahamya bombi berekana Ibyanditswe Byera biri mu Isezerano rya kera n’Isezerano rishya. Ayo Masezerano yombi ni ibihamya by’ingenzi byerekana inkomoko no guhoraho iteka kw’amategeko y’Imana. Yombi kandi ni ibihamya by’inama y’agakiza. Ibigereranyo, ibitambo n’ubuhanuzi byo mu Isezerano rya kera, byose byerekezaga ku Mukiza wari kuzaza. Ubutumwa Bwiza n’Inzandiko byo mu Isezerano Rishya byose bivuga ibyerekeye Umukiza waje mu buryo buhuye rwose n’ubwo yari yarazuzwemo n’ibigereranyo n’ubuhanuzi. II 281.1

“Bazahanura iminsi igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu, bambaye ibigunira.” Mu mugabane munini w’iki gihe, abahamya b’Imana babaye mu mwijima. Ubutegetsi bwa Papa bwagerageje guhisha abantu ukuri kw’Ijambo ry’Imana maze bubashyikiriza abahamya b’abanyabinyoma kugira ngo bavuguruze ubuhamya bw’ijambo ry’ukuri. Ubwo Bibiliya yari yaraciwe n’ubutegetsi bw’itorero ndetse n’ubwa Leta; ubwo ibyo Bibiliya ihamya byari byaragoretswe, kandi hagakoreshwa imbaraga zose zishoboka kugira ngo abantu ndetse n’abadayimoni babashe guteshura intekerezo z’abantu ku kuri kwa Bibiliya; igihe abatinyukaga kuvuga iby’ukuri kwayo kwera bahigwaga, bakagambanirwa, bagatotezwa, bagafungirwa muri za kasho, bakicwa bazira ukwizera kwabo cyangwa bikaba ngombwa ko bahungira mu buvumo bwo mu misozi cyangwa mu myobo, -nibwo abahamya bakiranuka bahanuraga bambaye ibigunira. Nyamara bakomeje gutanga ubuhamya bwabo mu gihe cyose cy’imyaka 1260. Mu bihe bibi by’umwijima ukomeye hariho abantu b’indahemuka bakundaga ijambo ry’Imana kandi baharaniraga icyubahiro cyayo. Abo bagaragu b’indahemuka bahawe ubwenge, imbaraga n’ubushobozi bwo kuvuga ukuri kw’Imana muri iki gihe cyose. II 281.2

“Kandi iyo umuntu ashatse kubagirira nabi, umuriro ubava mu kanwa, ukotsa abanzi babo: kandi nihagira umuntu ushaka kubagirira nabi, uko niko akwiriye kwicwa.” ²⁹³ Ntabwo abantu bashobora kwica amategeko y’Imana nkana ngo babure guhanwa. Ubusobanuro bw’iryo jambo rikomeye bugaragara mu gice cya nyuma cy’Ibyahishuwe: “Uwumva wese amagambo y’ubuhanuzi bw’iki gitabo, ndamuhamiriza nti, ‘Nihagira umuntu uzongera kuri yo, Imana izamwongeraho ibyago byanditswe muri iki gitabo. Kandi nihagira umuntu ukura ku magambo y’igitabo cy’ubu buhanuzi, Imana izamukura ku mugabane wa cya giti cy’ubugingo no ku wa rwa rurembo rwera, byanditswe muri iki gitabo.” ²⁹⁴ II 281.3

Iyo ni yo miburo Imana yatanze kugira ngo irinde abantu guhindura ibyo yavuze cyangwa yategetse uko bishakiye. Iyo miburo ikomeye ireba abantu bose bakoresha ubushobozi bwabo bakayobora abandi mu guha agaciro gake amategeko y’Imana. Iriya miburo yari ikwiriye gutera ubwoba no guhindisha umushyitsi abantu bavugana agasuzuguro ko kubaha Imana cyangwa kutayubaha ari ingingo idafite agaciro gakomeye. Abantu bose bashyira ibitekerezo byabo hejuru bakabirutisha iby’Imana yahishuye, abantu bose babasha guhindura ubusobanuro nyakuri bw’Ibyanditswe kugira ngo buhuze n’ibyo bishakiye, cyangwa bagamije kwisanisha n’isi, bishyiraho inshingano iteye ubwoba. Ijambo ryanditswe ndetse n’amategeko y’Imana bizasuzuma imico ya buri muntu kandi bizaciraho iteka abantu bose birengagiza iki gipimo kitibeshya kizerekana ko badashyitse. II 282.1

“Ubwo bazaba barangije [bari kurangiza] gutanga ubuhamya bwabo.” Igihe ba bahamya bagombaga guhanura bambaye ibigunira cyarangiye mu 1798. Ubwo begeraga iherezo ry’igihe umurimo wabo wakorwaga mu mwijima, bagombaga kurwanywa n’imbaraga yagereranyijwe n’“inyamaswa yavuye ikuzimu.” Mu bihugu byinshi by’Uburayi ubutegetsi bwayoboraga mu itorero na Leta bwari bwaramaze imyaka amagana menshi bugengwa na Satani binyuze mu mikorere y’ubupapa. Ariko aha na none hongera kugaragara ukwiyerekana gushya kw’imbaraga ya Satani. II 282.2

Kugumisha Bibiliya mu rurimi rutazwi no kuyihisha abantu byari byarabaye politiki ya Roma nyamara yabikoze yitwaje kwerekana ko iyubashye. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Roma, abahamya bahanuraga “bambaye ibigunira.” Ariko indi mbaraga (inyamaswa yavuye ikuzimu) yagombaga guhaguruka ikarwanya ijambo ry’Imana ku mugaragaro. II 282.3

“Umudugudu munini” uwo abahamya biciwe mu tuyira twawo kandi akaba ari naho imirambo yabo yari irambaraye, ni Egiputa (Misiri) “mu mvugo y’umwuka.” Mu bihugu byose bivugwa n’amateka ya Bibiliya, nta gihugu cyageze ku rugero rwo guhakana kubaho kw’Imana nzima nka Misiri kandi kikarwanya amabwiriza yayo. Nta mwami watinyutse kwigomeka ku butegetsi bw’ijuru ku mugaragaro nk’umwami wa Egiputa. Igihe Mose yamuzaniraga ubutumwa, mu izina ry’Uwiteka, Farawo yasubizanyije ubwibone ati : “Uwiteka ni nde, ngo numvire ndeke Abisirayeli? Sinzi Uwiteka, kandi ntabwo narekura Abisirayeli.” ²⁹⁵ Ibi ni uguhakana Imana, kandi igihugu kigereranywa na Egiputa nacyo cyagombaga guhakana iby’Imana ihoraho itegeka kandi kikagaragaza umuwuka nk’uwo wo kutizera no kwigomeka. “Umudugudu munini” ugereranywa na none “mu mvugo y’umwuka” na Sodomu. Ugusayisha kwa Sodomu mu kwica amategeko y’Imana byagaragariye by’umwihariko mu gukora ibyo bararikiye byose. Iki cyaha kandi cyagombaga kuba ikintu cy’ingenzi kiranga ishyanga ryagombaga gusohoza ibyo ibyanditswe byari byaravuze. II 283.1

Bityo, nk’uko amagambo y’umuhanuzi yabivuze, mbere gato y’umwaka wa 1798 ubutegetsi bumwe bukomoka kandi bufite amatwara ya Satani bwagombaga guhaguruka kugira ngo burwanye Bibiliya. Kandi mu gihugu aho ubuhamya bw’abahamya b’Imana babiri bwajyaga gucecekesherezwa, niho hagombaga kugaragarira guhakana Imana nk’ukwa Farawo ndetse no gusayisha mu bibi nk’ukwa Sodomu. II 283.2

Ubu buhanuzi bwasohoreye mu mateka y’Ubufaransa nk’uko bwahanuwe rwose mu buryo butangaje. Mu gihe cy’Impinduramatwara, mu 1793, “ku ncuro ya mbere nibwo abatuye isi bumvise inama iteraniyemo imbaga y’abantu bavukiye kandi bigiye mu gihugu cyateye imbere, kandi bavugaga ko bayobora kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye by’i Burayi, maze bavugira icyarimwe ko banze ukuri kw’ingenzi umutima w’umuntu wakira, ndetse bahakanira icyarimwe ibyo kwizera no gusenga Imana.” ²⁹⁶ “Ubufaransa ni cyo gihugu cyonyine ku isi gifite amateka nyakuri yanditswe akiriho, agaragaza ko nk’igihugu Ubufaransa bwigometse ku mugaragaro ku Muremyi w’ijuru n’isi. Mu Bwongereza, mu Budage, muri Esipanye n’ahandi habayeho kandi hakomeje kubaho abantu batuka Imana benshi n’abatayizera benshi, ariko Ubufaransa ni cyo gihugu cyonyine mu mateka y’isi, binyuze mu itegeko ryashyizweho n’Inteko Ishinga amategeko yacyo, cyavuze ko nta Mana ibaho, kandi abaturage bose batuye umurwa mukuru wacyo ndetse n’abandi benshi hirya no hino baba abagore n’abagabo, barabyinye kandi baririmbana ibyishimo bavuga ko bemeye itangazwa ry’iryo tegeko.” ²⁹⁷ II 283.3

Ubufaransa bwerekanye imico yarangaga Sodomu. Mu gihe cy’Impinduramatwara, hagaragaye kwangirika kw’imico mbonera ndetse no gusayisha mu bibi bisa n’ibyazaniye kurimbuka imidugudu yo mu kibaya. Umwanditsi w’amateka agaragaza ibyo guhakana Imana no gusayisha by’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa nk’uko byavuzwe mu buhanuzi: “Mu mategeko afitanye isano ya bugufi n’amategeko apfobya iby’iyobokamana, harimo itegeko rigabanya agaciro k’ubumwe buba mu gushyingiranwa maze barigira amasezerano y’uburyo busanzwe bworoheje bw’igihe gito, aho abantu babiri bashobora kuyakomeza cyangwa bakayasesa uko bishakiye. Nyamara kandi ayo ni yo masezerano akomeye cyane abantu bashobora kugirana, kandi kudakuka kwayo kukaba ni ko gutuma umuryango mugari w’abantu urushaho gukomera. II 284.1

. . .Niba abadayimoni bariyemeje gukora kugira ngo bavumbure uburyo bwasenya neza kurushaho ibintu byose bikwiye kubahwa, byiza kandi bihoraho mu mibereho y’ab’urugo, kandi bakanagira icyizere ko ikibi bagamije gukongeza mu bantu gishobora kuzahererekanywa mu b’ibisekuru bigenda bikurikirana, nta gahunda bahimbye yarusha izindi kugera kuri iyo ntego neza yaruta gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’abashakanye. . . . Uwitwa Sophie Arnoult wari umukinnyi w’ikimenyabose kubera ibintu bisekeje yavugaga, yavuze ko ukwishyingira k’umugabo n’umugore uko bishakiye kandi bagatana iko bishakiye ari “uguhurizwa mu busambanyi.’” ²⁹⁸ II 284.2

“Aho Umwami wacu yabambwe.” Ibi byavuzwe n’ubuhanuzi nabyo byasohojwe n’Ubufaransa. Nta handi mu bindi bihugu higeze hagaragara umwuka wo kwanga Kristo nko mu Bufaransa. Nta handi mu kindi gihugu ukuri kwahuye no kurwanywa mu buryo bukomeye kandi bubi cyane nko muri icyo gihugu. Mu bikorwa Ubufaransa bwakoze byo gutoteza ababwirizabutumwa bwiza, bwabambaga Kristo binyuze mu gutoteza abigishwa be. II 284.3

Uko imyaka amagana menshi yajyaga ikurikirana ni ko amaraso y’abera yajyaga amenwa. Mu gihe Abawalidense batangaga ubuzima bwabo bakicirwa mu misozi ya Piemont bazira “ijambo ry’Imana no guhamya Yesu Kristo,” ni nabwo ubuhamya nk’ubwo bwo guhamya ukuri bwatangwaga n’abavandimwe babo b’Abalibigense (Albigenses) bo mu Bufaransa. Mu gihe cy’Ubugorozi, abagiye babuyoboka bishwe urw’agashinyaguro. Abami, ibikomangoma, abagore b’abakomeye ndetse n’abakobwa b’inkumi b’indatwa, bose bagiye bashimishwa no kureba umubabaro ukomeye w’abicwaga bazira Yesu. Abahugeno (huguenots) b’intwari, barwaniraga uburenganzira bwo kwemerera umutima w’umuntu ibyo ubona ko biwunogeye kandi byera kurusha ibindi, bavushijwe amaraso babicira ahantu henshi hari urugamba rukaze. Abaporotesitanti bafashwe ko ari ibicibwa ntibagira itegeko na rimwe ribarengera, hagatangwa ibihembo ku muntu uzabica bityo bagahigwa nk’inyamaswa. II 285.1

“Itorero ryo mu Butayu,” ari ryo ryari rigizwe n’abantu bake cyane bakomoka ku Bakristo ba kera bari barasigaye mu Bufaransa mu kinyejana cya cumi n’umunani, bihishaga mu misozi yo mu majyepfo kugeza ubwo bari bagikomeye ku kwizera kwa ba sekuru. Iyo bageragezaga guteranira hamwe nijoro, haba mu ibanga ry’umusozi cyangwa mu bihuru byitaruye abantu, bahigwaga n’abasirikare bakomeye maze bakabazana babakurubana bakabagira inkoreragahato mu buzima bwabo bwose. Abeza b’indakemwa n’intiti zo mu Bufaransa bambikwaga iminyururu, bakicirwa urubozo mu buryo buteye ubwoba hagati y’ibisambo n’abicanyi.” ²⁹⁹ Abandi bagiriwe impuhwe, bicwaga barashwe amasasu nta mahane bateye kuko nta ntwaro bari bafite. Bagwaga bapfukamye basenga. Amagana menshi y’abasaza, abagore batagira kirengera, abana b’inzirakarengane bose batabwaga aho bari bateraniye ari imirambo. Iyo wanyuraga muri iyo misozi n’amashyamba, aho bari bamenyereye guteranira, ntibyabaga ari igitangaza gusanga “imirambo muri buri ntambwe enye kandi ibyatsi byabaye amaraso, indi mirambo imanitswe ku biti.” Igihugu cyabo cyahinduwe umusaka n’inkota, intorezo n’umuriro gihinduka ubutayu bunini buteye agahinda.” “Ayo marorerwa ntiyakozwe mu gihe cy’umwijima (ubujiji) ahubwo yakozwe mu gihe cy’imyaka y’ubujijuke mu Bufaransa ku ngoma ya Ludoviko wa 14 (Louis XIV). Muri icyo gihe ubuhanga buhanitse (science) bwari bwarateye imbere, ubwanditsi buri kuba gikwira, abanyadini b’ibwami n’abo mu murwa mukuru bari barize kandi ari intyoza bityo bakigaragazaho ubugwaneza n’urukundo.” ³⁰⁰ II 285.2

Ariko ubugome burenze ubundi mu bwigeze bubaho, igikorwa kibi cy’abadayimoni cyabayeho mu binyejana biteye ubwoba byabayeho, cyabaye iyicwa rya Mutagatifu-Barutoromayo (Bartholomew). Iyo abatuye isi bibutse ubwo bugome bw’indengakamere yagiriwe bahinda umushyitsi. Umwami w’Ubufaransa, yokejwe igitutu n’abapadiri n’abayobozi bakuru b’i Roma, maze atanga uburenganzira bwo gukora icyo gikorwa giteye ubwoba. Inzogera yavugijwe mu ijoro nta yandi majwi yumvikana, yabaye ikimenyetso cyo gutangira ubwicanyi. Abaporotesitanti ibihumbi byinshi bari basinziriye batuje bari mu ngo zabo, bishingikirije ku ndahiro y’umwami, baje gutungurwa basohorwa mu ngo zabo maze bose babamarira ku icumu. II 286.1

Nk’uko Kristo ari we wari umuyobozi utagaragara w’ubwoko bwe igihe bwavaga mu bubata bwa Egiputa, ni ko na Satani yari umuyobozi utagaragara w’abakozi be muri ibyo bikorwa biteye ubwoba byo kurimbura abantu kandi bazira ukwizera kwabo. Mu mujyi wa Paris, ubwicanyi bwamaze iminsi irindwi, iminsi itatu ibanza yarimo uburakari bukomeye cyane. Ntibyagarukiye mu murwa mukuru gusa; ahubwo ku bwo itegeko ridasanzwe ry’umwami, byakomeje kwiyongera bigera mu turere twose no mu mijyi yose aharangwaga abaporotesitanti. Ntibitaga ku myaka y’ubukuru cyangwa ku gitsina. Ntibagiriraga impuhwe uruhinja rw’inzirakarengane cyangwa umuntu wameze imvi. Abanyacyubahiro na rubanda rwa giseseka, abasore n’abakuze, abagore n’abana bose basogotwaga kimwe. Uko kwicisha abantu inkota kwamaze amezi abiri gukorwa mu Bufaransa. Abantu ibihumbi mirongo irindwi b’indakemwa zo mu gihugu barapfuye. II 286.2

“Ubwo inkuru z’ubwo bwicanyi zageraga i Roma, abayobozi bakuru b’itorero bagize ibyishimo byinshi. Umukaridinali w’i Lorraine yahembye intumwa yari izanye ubwo butumwa maze ayiha amakamba igihumbi. Imbunda yo mu ngoro ya Mutagatifu Ange (St. Angelo) yarumvikanye mu rwego rwo kubyishimira; kandi inzogera zumvikanira mu minara yose ya za kiriziya. Amatara yo hanze aracanwa maze ijoro rihinduka amanywa. Papa Gerigori wa 13 (Gregory XIII) akurikiwe n’abakaridinali n’abandi banyacyubahiro bo mu itorero, bakoze urugendo rw’umwiyerekano berekeza kuri kiriziya yitiriwe Mutagatifu Ludoviko (St. Louis) aho umukaridinali w’i Lorraine yaririmbiye Te Deum³⁰¹ . . . . Hacurishijwe umudari wo kwibukiraho ubwo bwicanyi, kandi i Vatikani hashyirwa ibishushanyo bitatu bikiharangwa n’ubu byerekena ubwo bwicanyi, aho umwami ari mu nama yo gukora ubwo bwicanyi, ndetse n’ubwo bwicanyi ubwabwo. Papa Geregori wa XIII yoherereje umwami Charles ururabo rwa Roza rukozwe mu izahabu; kandi hashize amezi ane nyuma y’ubwo bwicanyi, . . . yaje gutega amatwi ikibwirizwa cyabwirijwe n’umupadiri w’Umufaransa, . . . wavuganye umunezero mwinshi n’ibyishimo avuga kubya ‘wa munsi, igihe Papa yamenyeshwaga ya nkuru maze akagenda ashagawe agiye gushima Imana na kiriziya ya Mutagatifu Ludoviko.” ³⁰² II 286.3

Umwuka wa Satani wakoresheje ubwicanyi bwabereye muri katederali yitiriwe mutagatifu-Bartholomew ni nawo soko y’ibyaranze Impinduramatwara. Bageze ubwo bemeza ko Yesu-Kristo ari umubeshyi, kandi intero y’Abafaransa batemera Yesu yari iri ngo, “Honyora Ishyano,” berekeje kuri Kristo. Ibitutsi bihangara ijuru ndetse n’ubugome bw’indengakamere byarajyaniranaga, kandi abagome bakomeye kuruta abandi, abicanyi ruharwa bahabwaga icyubahiro kuruta abandi. Muri ibi byose, Satani ni we wahawe ikuzo mu gihe Kristo urangwa n’ukuri, ubutungane n’urukundo rutikanyiza we yabambwe. II 287.1

“Inyamaswa izazamuka ivuye ikuzimu, izarwana na bo, ibaneshe, ibice.” Ubutegetsi butemera Imana bwatwaraga Ubufaransa mu gihe cy’Impinduramatwara ndetse n’ingoma y’iterabwoba, byashoje intambara irwanya Imana n’ijambo ryayo ryera mu buryo bukomeye abatuye isi batigeze babona. Inama Nkuru y’igihugu yakuyeho gusenga Imana. Ibitabo bya Bibiliya byarakusanyijwe maze bitwikirwa mu ruhame kandi hakagaragazwa kubisuzugura mu buryo bwose bushoboka. Amategeko y’Imana yararibaswe. Ibigo byacapaga za Bibiliya birafungwa. Ikiruhuko cya buri cyumweru cyashyizwe ku ruhande, gisimburwa no kwinezeza no gutuka Imana buri munsi wa cumi. Umubatizo no guhabwa ukarisitiya byarahagaritswe kandi ku marimbi hamanikwa amatangazo avuga ko urupfu ari ibitotsi by’iteka ryose. II 287.2

Byavuzwe ko kubaha Imana atari itangiriro ry’ubwenge rwose ko ahubwo ari itangiriro ry’ubupfapfa. Gusenga kose mu by’idini kwarabuzanyijwe, hasigara kuramya umudendezo n’igihugu. “Umwepisikopi w’i Paris ushinzwe itegeko-nshinga yararikiwe kujya imbere agakora ikintu gikomeye kitigeze gikorerwa imbere y’abayobozi bakuru bo mu gihugu cyose. II 287.3

. . . Bamuzanye imbere agenda yiyereka abari aho bose kugira ngo atangarize abari muri iyo nama ko iby’idini yari yarigishije imyaka myinshi, mu ngingo zabyo byose, byari amayere y’abapadiri atari afite ishingiro haba mu mateka cyangwa mu kuri kwera. Mu magambo aranguruye kandi asobanutse neza, yareruye avuga ko Imana yari yariyeguriye gusenga ntayo ibaho, maze mu gihe cyakurikiyeho yirundurira kuramya umudendezo, uburinganire, n’umuco mbonera. Amaze kuvuga atyo yarambitse ku meza ibimenyetso yari yambaye biranga Abepisikopi maze uwari uyoboye iyo nama nkuru amuhobera nk’umuvandimwe. Abapadiri benshi b’abahakanyi nabo bahise bakurikiza urugero rw’uwo muyobozi mukuru.” ³⁰³ II 288.1

“Abari mu isi bazazishima hejuru, bazikina ku mubyimba, banezerwe, bohererezanye impano, kuko abo bahanuzi bombi bababazaga abari mu isi.” (Ibyah. 11:10) Ubufaransa bwimuye Imana bwari bwaracecekesheje ijwi ricyaha ry’abahamya bombi boherejwe n’Imana. Ijambo ry’ukuri ryari rirambaraye nk’intumbi mu nzira z’uwo mudugudu, kandi abantu bangaga ibyo amategeko y’Imana ababuza n’ibyo abasaba bari bishimye. Abantu batukaga Umwami w’ijuru ku mugaragaro. Nk’uko abanyabyaha bo mu gihe cya kera babigenzaga, basakuza bavuga bati: “Imana ntizi ibyo dukora! Ese ubundi Usumbabyose hari icyo yiyiziye?” ³⁰⁴ II 288.2

Afite gushira amanga kuzuye gutuka Imana birenze ibyatekerezwa, umwe mu bapadiri bari bayobotse gahunda nshya yaravuze ati: “Mana niba ubaho, horera izina ryawe ritutswe. Ndagusuzuguye! Dore uricecekeye; Ntabwo unatinyutse kohereza inkuba zawe! Ni nde nyuma y’ibi uzizera ko ubaho?” ³⁰⁵ Mbega uburyo ibi bisa n’ibyo Farawo yavuze ati: “Yehova ni nde ngo numvire ibyo avuze?” “Yehova simuzi!” II 288.3

“Umupfapfa ajya yibwira ati: ‘Nta Mana iriho.” ³⁰⁶ Kandi Uhoraho avuga iby’abagoreka ukuri ati: “ubupfu bwabo buzagaragarira abantu bose.” ³⁰⁷ Ubufaransa bumaze kwanga kuramya Imana nzima, “Uhoraho uri hejuru mu ijuru, Umuziranenge ubaho iteka ryose,” ntibyatinze maze buza kumanuka bugera ku gusenga ibigirwamana, maze bagasenga ikigirwamanakazi cy’Ubwenge mu ishusho y’umugore w’inkozi y’ibibi. Iki kigirwamana cyaramirijwe mu nama nkuru y’igihugu, kandi kiramywa n’abategetsi bakuru ba Leta n’abahagarariye ubutabera! Umwanditsi umwe w’amateka yaranditse ati :“Umwe mu mihango wo muri iki gihe cy’ubupfapfa ntuzigera wibagirana kubera urujijo rwari ruvanze no kutubaha Imana. Imiryango y’icyumba cyaberagamo iyo nama yakinguriwe umutwe w’abaririmbyi wari ubanjirijwe na bamwe mu bayobozi b’imijyi binjiye bari ku mwiyereko bagenda baririmba basingiza umudendezo kandi, nk’umugambi wo kuramya kwabo wo mu gihe cyari gukurikiraho, bari bashagaye umugore wari utwikirijwe umwenda w’ubukwe, ndetse uwo mugore ni we bitaga ikigirwamanakazi cy’Ubwenge. Ubwo bari bamugejeje imbere y’abari aho, wa mugore yatwikuruwe mu cyubahiro cyinshi, maze yicazwa iburyo bwa perezida. Ubwo ni bwo muri rusange abantu bamenye ko ari umukobwa wari umubyinnyi w’indirimbo zisekeje z’icyo gihe. . . . Nk’umuntu uhagarariye rwose bwa bwenge baramyaga, abari mu nama nkuru y’Ubufaransa bahaye icyubahiro uwo mukobwa mu ruhame. II 289.1

“Uwo muhango mubi kandi ukojeje isoni wamaze igihe runaka ukunzwe; kandi guhabwa icyicaro kw’ikigirwamanakazi cy’Ubwenge byajyaga byongera gusubirwamo kandi bikiganwa mu gihugu hose, bigakorerwa ahantu abaturage bashakaga kwerekanira ko bashyigikiye Impinduramatwara.” ³⁰⁸ II 289.2

Uwafunguye umuhango wo kuramya ikigirwamanakazi cy’Ubwenge yaravuze ati: “Bantu bashinga amategeko! Ubwaka bwavuye mu nzira maze ubwenge bubona icyanzu. Amaso y’ubwaka yanyenyezaga ntiyashoboraga kwihanganira ukurabagirana k’umucyo. Uyu munsi imbaraga y’abantu yateraniye munsi y’iki gisenge, kandi ku nshuro ya mbere, ijwi rivuga ukuri ryongeye kumvikana. Aho ni ho Abafaransa bizihirije gusenga nyakuri kumwe rukumbi - ari ko gusenga Umudendezo, gusenga Ubwenge (gushyira mu gaciro). Aho ni ho twemereje ibyifuzo bizahesha inshya n’ihirwe ingabo za Repubulika. Aho ni ho twasezereye ku bigirwamana bidafite ubuzima tubisimbuza Ubwenge, tuyoboka ya shusho ifite ubuzima, ari yo ifite agaciro gakomeye kurusha ibindi bibaho.” ³⁰⁹ II 289.3

Ubwo cya kigirwamanakazi cyagezwaga muri iyo Nteko, umuntu w’intyoza yagifashe ukuboko maze arahindukira areba iteraniro, aravuga ati: “Mwa bantu bapfa mwe, ntimuzongere guhindira umushyitsi imbere y’inkuba zidafite imbaraga z’Imana abapadiri banyu baremye. Kuva uyu munsi ntimuzongere kugira izindi mana mwemera uretse Ubwenge. Dore ndabereka ishusho yayo y’igitangaza, kandi itunganye rwose. Niba mugomba kugira ibigirwamana, mujye mutambira iki cyonyine. . . Nimwubarare imbere y’Inama y’Umudendezo! Igitwikirizo cy’Ubwenge! II 290.1

“Perezida amaze guhobera icyo kigirwamanakazi [umugore bari batwikiriye], bacyurije ifarashi y’akataraboneka, maze ikinyurana mu mbaga y’abantu bari aho ikijyana kuri katederari ya Notre Dame, kugira ngo gihabwe intebe y’Imana. Aho muri iyo katedarari, icyo kigirwamana barakizamuye bagishyira ku ruhimbi rurerure cyane maze abari aho bose baragisenga.” ³¹⁰ II 290.2

Mu kanya gato, uwo muhango wakurikiwe no gutwikira Bibiliya mu ruhame. Igihe kimwe itsinda ry’abantu bashinzwe inzu ndangamurage binjiye mu cyumba cy’Inama batera hejuru bati : “ Harakabaho Ubwenge! ” Bari batwaye kandi ibisigazwa by’ibitabo byinshi batwitse, byarimo ibitabo byanditswemo indirimbo n’amasengesho, byarimo Isezerano rya Kera n’Isezerano Rishya. Perezida yavuze ko “itwikwa ryabyo ryakuyeho rwose ibikorwa by’ubupfapfa ibyo bitabo byari byarateye abantu gukora.” ³¹¹ II 290.3

Ubupapa ni bwo bwari bwaratangiye umurimo icyo gikorwa cyo guhakana Imana cyasozaga. Imitegekere ya Roma ni yo yazanye iyo mibereho, haba mu mibanire y’abantu n’abandi, mu bya politiki no mu by’idini, yashoraga igihugu cy’Ubufaransa mu irimbukiro. Iyo abanditsi bavuga ku marorerwa yatejwe n’Impinduramatwara bavuga ko agomba kubarwa ku bari ku ngoma muri icyo gihe ndetse no ku itorero. Binyuze mu butabera nyakuri, ayo marorerwa agomba kuryozwa itorero. Ubupapa bwari bwarashyize mu bitekerezo by’abami ibitekerezo bibi byo kwanga Ubugorozi, bakavuga ko ari umwanzi w’umwami, ko buteza amacakubiri azabangamira amahoro n’umutekano by’igihugu. Roma yakoreshaga ubu buryo kugira ngo itume ubutegetsi bw’umwami bugirira nabi abantu mu buryo bukomeye kandi bubakandamize. II 291.1

Umwuka w’umudendezo wari warajyanye na Bibiliya. Ahantu hose ubutumwa bwiza bwari bwaragiye bwakirwa, intekerezo z’abantu zarakangukaga. Abantu batangiye kwibohora iminyururu yari ibaboheye mu bujiji, mu ngeso mbi, ndetse n’imigenzo y’ubupfapfa. Batangiye gutekereza no gukora nk’abantu bazima. Abami barabibonaga maze bagahinda umushyitsi kubera ubutegetsi bwabo bw’igitugu. II 291.2

Ntabwo Roma yatinze gukaza ubwoba bwayo bushingiye ku ishyari. Papa yabwiye umusimbura w’umwami w’Ubufaransa ati: “Buriya bupfapfa [avuga inyigisho z’Ubuporotesitanti] ntibuzatera urujijo kandi ngo busenye idini, ahubwo bizateza urujijo ibikomangoma n’abakomeye, kandi busenye amategeko, gahunda n’inzego byo mu gihugu.” Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, intumwa ya papa yaburiye umwami ivuga iti: “Nyakubahwa, ntibakagushuke. Abaporotesitanti bazabangamira imigendekere myiza y’ubutegetsi ndetse n’iy’idini. . . Ingoma iri mu kaga kamwe n’ako itorero ririmo. . . Gutangira kw’imyizerere mishya uko byagenda kose bigomba kuzana n’ubutegetsi bushya.” ³¹³ II 291.3

“Abize iby’iyobokamana bashyiraga ibitekerezo bibi mu baturage bababwira yuko inyigisho za giporotesitanti “zishora abantu mu bintu by’inzaduka n’ubupfapfa; zikambura umwami urukundo rukomeye yakundwaga n’abo ayobora kandi zigasenya itorero na Leta.” Uko ni ko Roma yashoboye gukoresha Ubufaransa maze bwanga Ubugorozi. “Gushaka gukomeza ingoma, kurinda abakomeye ndetse no gukomera ku mategeko ni byo byatumye ku nshuro ya mbere inkota yo gutoteza ikurwa mu rwubati mu Bufaransa.” ³¹⁴ II 292.1

Abayobozi b’igihugu ntibabonaga ingaruka zizazanwa n’iyo politiki imeze ityo. Inyigisho za Bibiliya ziba zarashyize mu bitekerezo no mu mitima y’abantu amahame y’ubutabera, kwirinda, ukuri, gukora ibitunganye ndetse n’ubugira neza byo pfundo ryo kugubwa neza kw’igihugu. “Gukiranuka gushyira ubwoko hejuru.” “Kuko ingoma ikomezwa no gukiranuka.” ³¹⁵“Umurimo wo gukiranuka ni amahoro; kandi ibiva ku gukiranuka ni ihumure n’ibyiringiro bidashidikinywa iteka ryose.” ³¹⁶ Umuntu wumvira amategeko y’Imana, ntazabura kubaha no kumvira amategeko agenga igihugu cye. Umuntu wubaha Imana azubaha umwami mu migenzereze ye yose y’ibitunganye n’ibyemewe n’amategeko. Nyamara Ubufaransa bubabaje bwamaganye Bibiliya kandi buca abayikurikiza. Uko ibinyejana byakurikiranaga, abantu badakebakeba kandi b’inyangamugayo, abantu b’abanyabwenge kandi bakomeye mu mico mbonera, abantu bagize ubutwari bwo kwerura bakavuga ibyo bizera kandi bakemera no kuba bapfa bazira ukuri, - ibinyejana byinshi bakoreshwaga uburetwa, bagatwikirwa ku mambo cyangwa se bagashengukira muri zasho. Abantu ibihumbi byinshi baboneye umutekano mu guhunga; kandi ibi byakomeje kubaho mu gihe cy’imyaka magana abiri na mirongo itanu kuva Ubugorozi butangiye. II 292.2

“Haba harabayeho abantu bake cyane mu Bufaransa, batigeze babona abigishwa b’ubutumwa bwiza bahunga uburakari bukaze bw’ababatotezaga. Abahungaga bajyanaga ubwenge bwabo, ubukorikori n’ubuhanzi, ubucuruzi ndetse n’umwuka wo kugira gahunda byabarangaga ku rwego rwo hejuru, bityo bikajya gukungahaza ibihugu babonagamo ubuhungiro. Uko bunguraga ibindi bihugu bakoresheje izo mpano zabo, niko igihugu cyabo cyabaga kihagiriye igihombo. Iyo abirukanwe bose baza kuguma mu Bufaransa; iyaba muri iyo myaka magana atatu ubuhanga bwo gukora bw’abo bahunze bwarakoreshejwe mu guhinga ubutaka bw’Ubufaransa; iyaba muri iyo myaka ubuhanga bwabo mu bukorokori bwarakoreshejwe mu guteza imbere ibikorwa mu nganda; iyaba muri iyo myaka ubuhanga bwabo bwo guhanga ibintu bishya ndetse n’ubushobozi bwabo bwo gusesengura byarakoreshejwe mu gukungahaza ubuvanganzo bwo mu Bufaransa kandi bigateza imbere ubuhanga buhanitse; iyaba ubushishozi bwabo bwarayoboraga inama z’Ubufaransa kandi ubutwari bwabo bukarwanirira icyo gihugu mu ntambara cyarwanaga, ubupfura bwabo bugatunganya amategeko y’Ubufaransa, ndetse idini ya Bibiliya igakomeza ubwenge bwabo kandi ikayobora umutimanama w’abaturage, mbega ikuzo Ubufaransa bwari kuba bufite muri iki gihe! Mbega uburyo Ubufaransa buba bwarabaye igihugu cy’intangarugero mu bindi bihugu, gikomeye, kiguwe neza kandi cyuzuye umunezero! II 292.3

“Nyamara urwikekwe rwuzuye ubuhumyi no kudakurwa ku izima rwirukanye ku butaka bw’Ubufaransa buri mwigisha wese w’iby’imico-mbonera, umuntu wese ushyigikiye gahunda ndetse n’umuntu wese w’indahemuka ushoboye kurengera ingoma. Ubufaransa bwabwiye abantu bajyaga kubuhesha kumenyekana n’ikuzo ku isi buti: “Nimuhitemo kimwe: gutwikwa cyangwa guhunga.” Amaherezo kurimbuka kwa Leta kwageze ku musozo. Nta mutimanama wari ukiri mu bantu, nta kuyoboka Imana kwariho ngo bitere abantu gutwikwa; ndetse nta no gukunda igihugu byariho ngo bitere abantu gucibwa.” ³¹⁷ Ingaruka ziteye ubwoba zavuye kuri ibyo zabaye Impinduramatwara n’amahano yajyanaga nayo. II 293.1

Guhunga kw’Abahugeno (Huguenots), kwateye Ubufaransa gusubira inyuma mu majyambere muri rusange. Imijyi yarangwagamo inganda zateraga imbere cyane yabaye umusaka; uturere twarumbukaga twongeye kuba ibigunda, gusubira inyuma mu by’ubwenge no guhenebera mu mico-mbonera ni byo byakurikiye igihe cy’amajyambere y’akataraboneka. Umujyi wa Paris wahindutse icumbi ry’abatindi nyakujya, ndetse bivugwa ko ubwo Impinduramatwara yatangiraga, abakene ibihumbi magana abiri bahoraga bateze amaboko basabiriza ngo umwami agire icyo yabaha. Muri icyo gihe igihugu cyari mu kaga gakomeye, Abayezuwiti bonyine ni bo bari baguwe neza; bategekanaga igitugu amatorero, amashuri, za gereza ndetse n’amato.” II 293.2

Ubutumwa bwiza bwajyaga kuzanira Ubufaransa igisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo mu mibanire y’abantu n’abandi n’ibya politiki byari bibujije amahwemo abayobozi b’idini, umwami n’abashinga amategeko ndetse bigashora igihugu mu mivurungano no gusenyuka. Ariko mu gihe Roma ari yo yagengaga igihugu, abantu bari baribagiwe inyigisho nziza z’Umukiza zo kwitanga n’urukundo rutikanyiza. Bari barageze aho batacyiyanga ngo bagirire abandi neza. Ntabwo abakire bari barigeze bacyahirwa ugukandamiza abakene bakoraga kandi abakene ntibagiraga uwabafasha muri uko gukandamizwa no guteshwa agaciro. Kwikunda kw’abakire n’abafite ubushobozi kwarushagaho kwiyongera kandi ibyo bigakandamiza rubanda. Mu myaka amagana menshi, umururumba no gusayisha mu bibi by’abakomeye byagiye bibyara ukunyunyuza imitsi ya rubanda rwa giseseka. Abakire bahemukiraga abakene maze abakene bakanga abakire. II 293.3

Mu ntara nyinshi, amazu yari ay’abakomeye gusa, naho abandi baturage bakoresha amaboko bo mu nzego zitandukanye bakajya bayakodesha. Bene amazu bafataga abo baturage uko bashatse kandi bakabategeka kumvira ibyo babasabaga byose bikomeye. Umutwaro wo gutanga ibyabeshaho itorero na Leta wari ku mutwe w’amatsinda ya rubanda rugufi ndetse n’uruciriritse yakwaga imisoro n’abategetsi ba Leta ndetse n’abayobozi b’idini. “Kumererwa neza kw’abakomeye byari nk’itegeko ridakuka; naho rubanda rugufi n’abahinzi n’aborozi bashoboraga kwicwa n’inzara kandi abayibateje ntibabyiteho. Mu byo yakoraga byose, umuturage yari ategetswe gushyira imbere inyungu z’uwo abereye mu nzu. Imibereho y’abahinzi yari imibereho yo gukora ubudahwema kandi bagahorana ubukene budashira. Iyo batinyukaga kwivovota, bafatwaga nabi cyane. Inkiko z’ubutabera iteka zumvaga umukire gusa, umukene nta jambo yagiraga; abacamanza bari bemerewe guhabwa ruswa ku mugaragaro, kandi ibibi byakorwaga n’abategetsi byemerwaga n’amategeko bitewe na ruswa yari yarahawe intebe. Imisoro yakwaga abaturage ku ruhande rumwe ikakirwa n’ababitsi b’umwami, naho ku rundi ruhande ikakirwa n’ababitsi b’abayobozi b’idini. Nta na kimwe cya kabiri cyayo cyinjiraga mu isanduku ya Leta n’iy’idini. Asigaye yatagaguzwaga mu bikorwa byo gusayisha mu bibi binezeza gusa. Nyamara kandi abantu bakeneshaga bagenzi babo batyo, bo babaga barasonewe gutanga imisoro kandi bakagira n’uburenganzira bahabwa n’amategeko n’umuco ku byo Leta ibagomba byose. Amatsinda y’abari bitaweho yarimo abantu bagera ku bihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu mu gihe miliyoni nyinshi z’abantu babaga mu buzima bubabaje butagira ibyiringiro, baruhira abandi gusa.” II 294.1

Ibwami harangwaga n’imibereho ya gikire no kwaya gusa. Hagati y’abategetsi n’abaturage harangwaga ukutizerana. Abaturage babonaga ko ingamba zose Leta ifata ari gahunda zayo bwite kandi zirimo kwikunda. Mu gihe gisaga imyaka mirongo itanu mbere y’uko Impinduramatwara itangira, intebe ya cyami yari yicaweho n’umwami Ludoviko wa 15 (Louis XV), warangwaga no kutagira icyo yitaho kandi wabashwe n’irari ndetse no muri ibyo bihe bibi. Kuba igihugu cyari kiyobowe n’agatsiko gato k’abantu basayishije mu bibi kandi b’abagome, hakabaho na rubanda rugufi rwashegeshwe n’ubukene n’ubujiji, Leta ikaba yari ifite ibibazo by’ubukungu ndetse n’abaturage bakaba bari bararakaye cyane, ntabwo byasabaga amaso ya gihanuzi ngo umuntu abone akaga gakomeye kendaga kubaho. Ku miburo abajyanama be bamuhaga, umwami yari afite akamenyero ko gusubiza ati: “Mugerageze gutuma ibintu bikomeza kugenda neza igihe cyose nkiriho; ubwo nzaba maze gutanga, bizabe uko bishatse.” Kwinginga umwami bamubwira ko ivugurura rikenewe byabaye iby’ubusa. Yabonaga ibibi byugarije ingoma ye ariko nta butwari n’imbaraga yari afite byo kubirwanya. Amakuba yari ategereje kugwirira Ubufaransa yagaragariraga mu gisubizo cy’Umwami cyerekanaga ko ntacyo yitayeho kandi yikanyiza agira ati: ” Ishyano rizagwa nyuma yanjye!” II 294.2

Ku bwo gukoresha ishyari ry’abami ndetse n’amatsinda yabaga ari ku butegetsi, Roma yari yarabateye kugumisha abaturage mu buretwa. Yari izi neza ko ibyo bizatuma Leta icika intege, kandi igakoresha ubwo buryo igambiriye kugumisha abategetsi na rubanda mu buretwa bwayo. Muri politiki yayo yo kureba kure, Roma yabonaga ko kugira ngo ishyire abantu mu bubata neza, iminyururu yagombaga kushyirwa mu mitima y’abantu; kandi ko uburyo bwiringiwe bwo gutuma badacika ubwo bubata ari ukubima umudendezo. Guhenebera mu mico-mbonera ni byo byabaye ingaruka ikomeye cyane iruta incuro igihumbi umubabaro wo ku mubiri watejwe n’iyo politiki. Abantu bari barambuwe Bibiliya, maze bashorwa mu nyigisho z’imyizerere idafashije no kwikunda. Bazimangataniye mu bujiji, mu migenzo idafite ishingiro, birundurira mu ngeso mbi, ku buryo kwitegeka byari bitakibashobokera. II 295.1

Ariko ingaruka z’ibyo byose zari zitandukanye cyane n’icyo Roma yari yaragambiriye. Aho gushobora kugumisha abantu benshi mu kumvira amahame yayo mu buryo bw’ubuhumyi, umurimo wayo wabateye kuba abahakanamana n’abaharanira impinduka. Amahame n’inyigisho bya Roma barabisuzuguye babifata ko ari ibinyoma by’abapadiri. Babonaga ko abayobozi b’idini ari ishyaka ribereyeho kubakandamiza. Imana yonyine bari bazi ni iy’i Roma kandi inyigisho za Roma ni zo zari idini yabo imwe rukumbi. Babonaga ko umururumba wa Roma n’ubugome bwayo ari byo mbuto Bibiliya yera bityo bakumva batayikeneye. II 295.2

Roma yari yarerekanye imico y’Imana mu buryo butari bwo kandi yari yaragoretse amategeko yayo bityo abantu banga Bibiliya n’Uwayandikishije. Roma yari yarategetse abantu kwizera inyigisho zayo mu buhumyi kandi yishingikirije ku Byanditswe. Ibyo byatumye Voltaire n’abo bari bafatanyije bangira hamwe ijambo ry’Imana maze bakwirakwiza ahantu hose inyigisho z’uburozi zihakana Imana. Roma yari yararibatiye abaturage munsi y’ubutwaye bwayo bukomeye, noneho imbaga y’abantu basuzuguwe batyo kandi bagiriwe nabi, biganzuye igitugu cyayo nta rutangira na mba bafite. Barakajwe nuko bari bamaze igihe kirekire bubaha ikinyoma cyasigirijwe, maze ukuri n’ikinyoma babyangira icyarimwe. Kubera kwitiranya uburenganzira n’umudendezo, abantu bari barabaye imbata z’ingeso mbi bishimiye cyane umudendezo bibwiraga ko bafite. II 295.3

Mu itangira ry’Impinduramatwara, kubw’uburenganzira bahawe n’umwami, abaturage bahawe amahirwe yo kugira ababahagararira mu Nteko y’igihugu baruta ubwinshi umubare w’abakomeye ndetse n’abayobozi b’idini bose hamwe. Kubw’ibyo, uruhare runini rw’ububasha rwari mu maboko yabo nyamara ntabwo bari biteguye kubukoresha mu buryo bw’ubwenge n’ubushishozi. Bari bashishikariye cyane gukosora ibibi byari byarabababaje maze biyemeza gutangira kongera kubaka umuryango mugari w’Abafaransa. Rubanda rwari rwarasuzuguwe kandi intekerezo zabo zuzuyemo ibitekerezo bibabaje kandi bibamazemo igihe kirekire by’ibibi bagiriwe, biyemeje kwiganzura ubutindi bari batagishoboye kwihanganira ndetse biyemeza no kwihorera ku bo bafataga ko ari bo ntandaro y’imibabaro bari barimo. Abari barakandamijwe bashyize mu bikorwa inyigisho bari barize igihe bategekeshwaga igitugu maze nabo bihimura ku bari barabakandamije. II 296.1

Ubufaransa bwasaruye amaraso mu mbuto bwari bwarabibye. Kumvira ubutegetsi bw’i Roma kwabubyariye ingaruka zibabaje cyane. Mu itangira ry’Ubugorozi, ahantu Ubufaransa bwari bwarashinze imambo zo gutwikiraho abantu bukoreshejwe n’ubupapa, ni ho Impinduramatwara yashinze icyuma cya mbere cyakoreshwaga mu guca abantu imitwe. Ahantu abazize kwizera kwabo ba mbere b’Abaporotesitanti batwikiwe mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu ni naho abantu ba mbere baciriwe imitwe mu kinyejana cya cumi n’umunani. Mu kwanga ubutumwa bwiza buba bwarazaniye Ubufaransa umuti w’ikibazo, Ubufaransa bwakinguriye amarembo guhakana Imana no kurimbuka. Ubwo ibyo amategeko y’Imana abuza abantu byari bikuweho, byagaragaye ko amategeko yashyizweho n’abantu adashoboye gukoma mu nkokora ibyifuzo bibi bya muntu; maze igihugu kigwa mu kaga k’imyivumbagatanyo no kwigira ibyigenge. Urugamba rwo kurwanya Bibiliya rwatangije igihe cyiswe “Ingoma y’Iterabwoba”mu mateka y’isi . Amahoro n’umunezero byari bitakirangwa mu mitima y’abantu no mungo zabo. Nta muntu n’umwe wari ufite umutekano. Umuntu wabaga afite insinzi uyu munsi, ejo yarakekwaga maze agacirwa urwo gupfa. Ubugizi bwa nabi no gutwarwa n’irari byari gikwira. II 296.2

Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. II 296.3

Abaturage bari barize amasomo yo kugira nabi no kwica urubozo Roma yigishije. Amaherezo, igihe cyo gusarura ibyo babibye cyararageze. Ubu noneho ntabwo ari abigishwa ba Yesu bashyirwaga muri za kasho kandi ngo bajyanwe kwicwa. Hari hashize igihe kirekire abo bigishwa ba Yesu barabamariye ku icumu naho abandi barahunze. Noneho Roma itaragiraga imbabazi yumvise imbaraga zirimbura z’abo yari yaratoje kwishimira gukora ibikorwa byo kuvusha amaraso. “Urugero rubi rwo gutoteza abayobozi b’idini bo mu Bufaransa batanze mu myaka myinshi, noneho rwabagarukiye rufite imbaraga zikomeye. Aho biciraga abantu hatembaga imivu y’amaraso y’abapadiri. Amato na za gereza byari byarigeze kuzuramo Abahugeno (Huguenots), noneho byari byuzuyemo ababatotezaga. Abayobozi b’itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma babohewe ku ntebe zo mu mato, bakagashya mu buryo bubaruhije maze nabo bagerwaho n’akaga itorero ryabo ryari ryaranyujijemo abantu bari abagwaneza ryitaga abahakanyi.” II 296.4

“Noneho haje kubaho igihe ubwo abari inkozi z’ibibi kurusha abandi mu nkiko zose ari bo bashyiraga mu bikorwa amategeko yuzuye ubugome bw’indengakamere. Icyo gihe nta muntu washoboraga gusuhuza mugenzi we cyangwa ngo ashobore gusenga ngo bibure kumubera icyaha kimwicisha. Ingenza zabaga zihishe ahantu hose; buri gitondo inkerezo zakoreshwaga baca abantu imitwe zakoraga ubudahwema. Za kasho zabaga zuzuye imfungwa nk’uko ibyumba by’ubwato bwatwaraga inkoreragahato byabaga bimeze; icyo gihe imiyoboro yatembaga imivu y’amaraso iyohereza mu ruzi rwitwa Seine. . . .Muri icyo gihe ibimodoka bitunda abantu bagiye kwicwa byanyuraga buri munsi mu duhanda tw’i Paris bibajyanye aho bari bwicirwe. Abayobozi batandukanye bari baroherejwe n’inama y’ibwami ngo bajye gukora mu nzego zitandukanye, bishimiraga kwishora mu bwicanyi bukomeye budakekwa kugeza no mu murwa mukuru. Cya cyuma cyakoreshwaga baca abantu imitwe cyarazamukaga kikamanuka buboro buhoro maze kikarangiza umurimo bagikoreshaga. Imirongo miremire y’ababaga bagiye kwicwa yanyuzwagamo urusasu bakarambarara hasi. Amato yuzuwemo abajya kwicwa yatoborwagamo imyobo hasi. Umujyi wa Lyons wahindutse ubutayu. Mu karere ka Arras, imfungwa zasabaga kwicwa urupfu rubi ariko rwihuse nyamara ntibabyemererwe. Ahazengurutse Loire hose uhereye i Saumur ukageza ku nyanja, ibisiga byose n’inkongoro byahazwaga no kurya imirambo yanamye ku gasozi nta kenda kayikingirije, ihambiranije. Nta mpuhwe zishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa ku myaka y’ubukuru zabagaho. Umubare w’abana b’abahungu n’abakobwa b’imyaka cumi n’irindwi bishwe n’ubwo butegetsi bubi ubarirwa mu magana menshi. Impinja zikuwe ku mabere ya ba nyina zajugunywaga bucumu mu nzira n’abo mu mutwe w’Abajakobe.” ³¹⁸ Mu gihe gito gusa cy’imyaka cumi, abantu batabarika barahatikiriye. II 297.1

Ibyo byose byagenze nk’uko Satani yabyifuzaga. Ibi ni byo yari yaraharaniye kugeraho mu myaka myinshi. Gahunda y’imikorere ye ni ibinyoma kuva mu itangiriro kugeza mu iherezo, kandi umugambi we ukomeye ni ukuzanira abantu umuvumo n’ubuhanya, kugira ngo aharabike kandi yanduze ibyo Imana yakoze, yangize imigambi yayo y’ubugiraneza n’urukundo, maze kubw’ibyo ateze umubabaro mu ijuru. Bityo, kubw’amayere ye y’ubushukanyi, ahuma intekerezo z’abantu, maze ibyo akora akabateza kubyitirira Imana nk’aho ako kaga kose ari ingaruka z’umugambi w’Imana. Muri ubwo buryo, iyo abantu basuzuguwe kandi bagateshwa agaciro binyuze mu mbaraga ze z’ubugome babashije kugera ku mudendezo wabo, abashora mu bugizi bwa nabi ndetse bukabije. Bityo iyo pica yo kwishora mu bibi nta rutangira, igaragazwa n’abicanyi n’abanyagitugu nk’urugero rw’ingaruka z’umudendezo. II 297.2

Iyo ikosa ritwikiriwe mu buryo bumwe rivumbuwe, Satani ararihisha akaryambika undi mwambaro maze abantu benshi bakaryakirana inyota bishimye nka mbere. Igihe abantu bamaze kumenya ko inyigisho z’i Roma ari ibinyoma, kandi Satani akaba atashobora kubatera kugomera amategeko y’Imana yifashishije izo nyigisho, abatera kwibwira ko amadini yose ari uburiganya, kandi ko Bibiliya ari igitabo cy’ibitekerezo bihimbano; bityo bakazibukira amategeko y’Imana maze bakirundurira mu byaha nta rutangira. II 297.3

Ikosa rikomeye cyane ryateje ako kaga abaturage b’Ubufaransa ryabaye iryo kwirengagiza uku kuri gukomeye kuvuga ko umudendezo nyakuri ubonerwa gusa mu kumvira amategeko y’Imana. “Iyaba warumviye amategeko yanjye, uba waragize amahoro ameze nk’uruzi, gukiranuka kwawe kuba kwarabaye nk’umuraba w’inyanja.” “Nta mahoro y’abanyabyaha ni ko Uwiteka avuga.” “Ariko unyumvira wese azaba amahoro, adendeze kandi atikanga ikibi.” ³¹⁹ II 298.1

Abatemera ko Imana ibaho, abatizera n’abahakanyi bose barwanya amategeko y’Imana; ariko ingaruka z’ibyo bakora zerekena ko imibereho myiza y’umuntu ishingiye ku kubaha amategeko y’Imana. Abantu batazasoma icyo cyigisho mu gitabo cy’Imana basabwa kugisoma mu mateka y’ibihugu byinshi. II 298.2

Igihe Satani yakoreshaga itorero ry’i Roma agateshura abantu ku kumvira, imikorere ye yari yihishe kandi umurimo we wari wiyoberanyije ku buryo guhenebera n’ubuhanya byaje kuba ingaruka bitashoboye gufatwa ko ari imbuto zo kwigomeka. Ikindi kandi, imbaraga ze zakomwe mu nkokora n’umurimo wa Mwuka w’Imana ku buryo imigambi ye itashoboye kugerwaho mu buryo bwuzuye. Ntabwo abantu babashije gusobanukirwa n’intandaro y’ibyabaye kandi ngo bavumbure isoko y’akaga bari barimo. Nyamara mu gihe cy’Impinduramatwara amategeko y’Imana yanzwe ku mugaragaro n’Inteko Nkuru y’igihugu. Kandi mu gihe cy’ingoma y’igitugu yakurikiye Impinduramatwara, buri wese yashoboraga kubona intandaro n’ingaruka zabyo. II 298.3

Igihe Ubufaransa bwangaga Imana ku mugaragaro kandi bukamagana Bibiliya, abantu b’abagome n’imyuka y’umwijima banejejwe n’uko bageze ku cyo bifuje kuva kera ari cyo: ubutegetsi butagira ibyo bubuzwa n’amategeko y’Imana. Kubera ko iteka ricirwaho imigirire mibi ritihutishwaga, ni cyo cyatumye imitima y’abantu “ishishikarira gukora ibibi.” ³²⁰ Nyamara kugomera amategeko atunganye kandi y’ukuri byanze bikunze bigomba gukurikirwa n’ingaruka mbi z’ubuhanya no kurimbuka. Nubwo ibihano by’Imana bitahitaga bibaho, ubugome bw’abantu ntibwabuze guteza ingaruka zabwo mbi. Ibinyejana byinshi by’ubuhakanyi n’ubugome byagiye birundanya uburakari kugeza umunsi wo guhabwa ibihano; kandi ubwo ibicumuro byabo byabaga bimaze kugwira, abasuzuguraga Imana basobanukirwaga batinze ko kuba barakerenseje kwihangana kw’Imana ari ikintu giteye ubwoba. Mwuka w’Imana ukumira abantu, kandi utsinda imbaraga y’ubugome bwa Satani yakuweho mu buryo bukomeye bityo Satani unezezwa n’amakuba y’abantu gusa ahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukora ibyo ashaka. Abantu bari barahisemo umurimo w’ubwigomeke bararetswe basarura ingaruka zabwo kugeza ubwo igihugu cyuzuyemo ubwicanyi bukabije umwanditsi atashobora kurondora. Mu ntara zabaye umusaka n’imijyi yabaye amatongo humvikanaga ijwi ryo gutaka gukomeye — kwari ugutaka gutewe n’ishavu ryinshi. Ubufaransa bwahinze umushyitsi nk’ubutigishijwe n’umutingito w’isi. Idini, amategeko, gahunda mu bantu, umuryango, Leta n’itorero byose byasenywe n’ikiganza gihumanye cyari cyarahagurukiye kurwanya amategeko y’Imana. Umunyabwenge yavuze ukuri ubwo yagiraga ati: “Umunyabyaha azagushwa n’ibyaha bye.” “Nubwo umunyabyaha ashobora gukora ibikorwa bibi ijana akarenga akaramba, nzi neza ko abubaha Imana bazagubwa neza.” ³²¹ “Kuko banze kumenya, kandi ntibahisemo kubaha Uwiteka;” “ni cyo gituma bazarya ibiva mu ngeso zabo, kandi bazahazwa n’imigambi yabo.” ³²² II 299.1

Kwicwa kw’abahamya b’Imana b’indahemuka bishwe na bwa butegetsi butuka Imana “bwavuye ikuzimu,” ntibyajyaga kumara igihe kirekire bicecetswe. “Iyo minsi itatu n’igice ishize, umwuka w’ubugingo uva ku Mana winjira muri bo, baherako barahaguruka: ubwoba bwinshi butera ababibonye.” ³²³ Mu mwaka wa 1793 ni ho itegeko rikuraho iby’idini kandi rikabuzanya Bibiliya ryatowe n’Inama nkuru y’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa. Hashize imyaka itatu n’igice, iyo nama yaje kwivuguruza maze iha umudendezo Ibyanditswe Byera. Abatuye isi bari baratewe ubwoba n’ibibi bikomeye byari byarabaye ingaruka zo kwirengagiza Ibyanditswe Byera, kandi abantu bamenya akamaro ko kwizera Imana n’ijambo ryayo nk’ishingiro ry’ubutungane n’imico-mbonera. Uhoraho yaravuze ati: “Uwo watonganije ukamutuka ni nde? Ni nde wakanitse ukamureba igitsure? Ni Uwera wa Isirayeli.” ³²⁴ “Dore noneho ngiye kubamenyesha, ni ukuri ngiye kubamenyesha ukuboko kwanjye n’imbaraga zanjye; na bo bazamenya yuko izina ryanjye ari Yehova.” ³²⁵ II 299.2

Ku byerekeye ba bahamya babiri umuhanuzi yongeraho ati: “Bumva ijwi rirenga rivugira mu ijuru ribabwira riti, “Nimuzamuke muze hano.” Nuko bazamukira mu gicu, bajya mu ijuru, abanzi babo babireba.” ³²⁶ Kuva igihe Ubufaransa burwanyirije abahamya babiri b’Imana, nibwo barushijeho kubahwa kuruta mbere. Mu mwaka wa 1804 niho Umuryango wo kwandika Bibiliya mu Bwongereza no mu bihugu by’amahanga washinzwe. Ibi byaje gukurikirwa n’indi miryango ikora n’ibindi bijyanye n’icyo gikorwa ifite amashami menshi cyane ku mugabane w’Uburayi. Mu mwaka wa 1816, hakurikiyeho ishingwa ry’Umuryango wa Bibiliya muri Amerika. Igihe Umuryango wa Bibiliya mu Bwongereza washyirwagaho, Bibiliya yaracapwe yoherezwa mu ndimi mirongo itanu. Kuva icyo gihe yasobanuwe mu ndimi amagana menshi. II 300.1

Mu myaka mirongo itanu yabanjirije umwaka wa 1792, ntibitaye cyane ku butumwa bwajyanwaga mu mahanga ya kure. Nta yandi mashyirahamwe mashya yashyizweho, kandi habayeho amatorero make cyane yagize umuhati wo gukwirakwiza Ubukristo mu bihugu by’abapagani. Ariko ahagana mu iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya cumi n’umunani habayeho impinduka zikomeye. Abantu bazinutswe ingaruka zo kwishingikiriza ku bwenge maze babona ko guhishurirwa n’Imana ndetse n’idini igaragarira mu bikorwa ari ingenzi. Kuva ubwo umurimo wo kwamamaza ubutumwa mu mahanga wateye imbere mu buryo butigeze bubaho. II 300.2

Iterambere ry’amazu y’icapiro ryatumye umurimo wo gukwirakwiza Bibiliya ugira imbaraga nyinshi. Uburyo bwinshi bwo koherezanya amakuru hagati y’ibihugu bitandukanye, gusenyuka kw’inzitizi za kera zaterwaga n’urwikekwe no kuba nyamwigendaho kw’ibihugu, ndetse no kuba umuyobozi mukuru w’itorero ry’i Roma yari yatakaje imbaraga yahabwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’isi, ibyo byose byakinguriye amarembo Ijambo ry’Imana. Mu myaka runaka Bibiliya yagiye igurishwa nta mbogamizi mu mihanda yose y’i Roma kandi ikwirakwizwa mu turere twose tw’isi twari dutuwe. II 300.3

Umunsi umwe Voltaire wahakanaga Imana, yavuganye ubwirasi agira ati: “Ndambiwe kumva abantu basubiramo ko abagabo cumi na babiri ari bo bashinze idini rya Gikristo. Nzabereka ko umuntu umwe wenyine ahagije kugira ngo arisenye.” Kuva Voltaire apfuye hashize imyaka myinshi. Abantu miliyoni nyinshi bagiye mu rugamba rwo kurwanya Bibiliya. Nyamara ntawashoboye kugera ubwo ayizimangatanya, ku buryo ahantu habarizwaga Bibiliya ijana mu gihe cya Voltaire, ubu hari amakopi ibihumbi ijana y’igitabo cy’Imana. Mu magambo y’umugorozi umwe wavuze ibyerekeye itorero rya Gikristo, yaravuze ati, “Bibiliya ni ibuye ry’umucuzi ryasazishije inyundo nyinshi.” Uhoraho yaravuze ati: “Ariko nta ntwaro bacuriye kukurwanya izagira icyo igutwara; kandi ururimi rwose ruzaguhagurikira kukuburanya uzarutsinda.” ³²⁷ II 301.1

“Ijambo ry’Imana yacu rizahoraho iteka ryose.” “Amategeko ye yose ni ayo kwiringirwa. Ahoraho iteka ryose ntahindagurika, ashingiye ku murava no ku butungane.” ³²⁸ Ibyubakwa byose ku bushobozi bw’umuntu bizasenyuka; ariko ibyubakwa ku rutare ari ryo jambo ry’Imana ridahinduka, bizahoraho iteka ryose. II 301.2

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