Noah Webster’s 1828 Dictionary

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OSTENTATIOUSNESS — OUTJUGGLE

OSTENTATIOUSNESS, n. Vain display; vanity; boastfulness.

OSTENTATOR, n. [L.] One who makes a vain show; a boaster. [Little used.]

OSTENTOUS, a. Fond of making a show. [Little used.]

OSTEOCOL, OSTEOCOLLA, n. [Gr. a bone, and glue.] A carbonate of lime, a fossil formed by incrustation on the stem of a plant. It is found in long, thick, and irregular cylindric pieces, generally hollow, sometimes filled with calcarious earth, and in size, from that of a crow’s quill to that of a man’s arm. It is always found in sand.

That word takes its name from an opinion that it has the quality of uniting fractured bones.

OSTEOCOPE, n. [Gr. a bone, and labor, uneasiness.]

Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone.

OSTEOLOGER, OSTEOLOGIST, n. [See Osteology.] One who describes the bones of animals.

OSTEOLOGIC, OSTEOLOGICAL, a. Pertaining to a description of the bones.

OSTEOLOGICALLY, adv. According to osteology.

OSTEOLOGY, n. [Gr. a bone, and discourse.]

1. A description of the bones; that part of anatomy which treats of the bones.

2. The system of animal bones.

OSTIARY, n. [L. ostium, mouth.] The mouth or opening by which a river discharges its waters into the sea, or into a lake.

OSTLER. [See Hostler.]

OSTLERY. [See Hostlery.]

OSTMEN, n. plu. East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, so called.

OSTRACISM, n. [Gr. from a shell, or potter’s ware.]

1. In Grecian antiquity, banishment by the people of Athens, of a person whose merit and influence gave umbrage to them. It takes this name from the shell on which the name or the note of acquittal or condemnation was written. It is however most probable that this shell was a piece of baked earth, rendered by the Latins testa.

2. Banishment; expulsion; separation.

Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the esteem and confidence, and honors and emoluments of his country.

OSTRACITE, n. [Gr. from a shell.]

An oyster shell in its fossil state, or a stone formed in the shell, the latter being dissolved. This stone is found in many parts of England, and has been in repute for its efficacy in cases of the gravel.

OSTRACIZE, v.t. [See Ostracism.] To banish by the popular voice, particularly a person eminent for public services, but who has lost his popularity.

OSTRICH, n. [L. struthio-camelus; Gr. a sparrow, and an ostrich. The meaning of the name is not obvious. Eng. strut, L. struthio, Gr., L. avis. The primary sense of struz, struthio, etc. is to reach, stretch, extend or erect; but whether this name was given to the fowl from its stately walk or appearance, or from some part of its plumage, let the reader judge.]

A fowl now considered as constituting a distinct genus, the Struthio. This is the largest of all fowls, being four feet high from the ground to the top of the back and seven, eight, and it is said even ten to the top of the head, when standing erect. Its thighs and the sides of the body are naked, and the wings are so short as to be unfit for flying. The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental and showy dress. The speed of this fowl in running exceeds that of the fleetest horse.

OTACOUSTIC, a. [Gr. ears, and to hear.] Assisting the sense of hearing; as an otacoustic instrument.

OTACOUSTIC, n. An instrument to facilitate hearing.

OTHER, a. [Heb.]

1. Not the same; different; not this or these.

Then the other company which is left shall escape. Genesis 32:8.

Behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. Exodus 4:7.

Other lords besides thee have had dominion over us. Isaiah 26:13.

There is one God, and there is none other but he. Mark 12:32.

2. Not this, but the contrary; as, on this side of the river stands Troy, on the other side stands Albany.

Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matthew 5:39.

3. Noting something besides. To the knowledge of the Latin and Greek, join as much other learning as you can.

4. Correlative to each, and applicable to any number of individuals.

They asked each other of their welfare. Exodus 18:7.

5. Opposed to some; as,”some fell among thorns - but other fell into good ground.” Matthew 13:7-8.

6. The next.

7. The third part.

Other is used as a substitute for a noun, and in this use has the plural number, and the sign of the possessive case.

- The fool and the brutish person die, and leave their wealth to others. Psalm 49:10.

What do ye more than others? Matthew 5:47.

We were children of wrath even as others. Ephesians 2:3.

The confusion arises, when the one will put their sickle into the other’s harvest.

With the sign of the possessive, other is preceded by the, as in the last example.

Other is sometimes put elliptically for other thing. From such a man, we can expect no other.

The other day, at a certain time past, not distant but indefinite; not long ago.

OTHERGATES, adv. [other and gate, for way, manner.] Of another manner. Obs.

OTHERGUISE, adv. [other and guise, manner.] Of another kind. [corruptly pronounced otherguess.]

OTHERWHERE, adv. [other and where.] In some other place; or in other places.

OTHERWHILE, OTHERWHILES, adv. [other and while.] At other times.

OTHERWISE, adv. [other and wise, manner.]

1. In a different manner.

Thy father was a worthy prince, and merited, alas! a better fate; but heaven thought otherwise.

2. By other causes.

Sir John Norris failed in the attempt of Lisborn, and returned with the loss, by sickness and otherwise, of 8000 men.

3. In other respects.

It is said truly, that the best men otherwise, are not always the best in regard to society.

OTOMO, n. A fowl of the Lagopus kind, about the size of a tame pigeon, a native of Germany, and highly esteemed for food.

OTTER, ATTAR, n. The essential oil or essence of roses.

OTTER, n. [L. lutra.]

A quadruped of the genus Mustela, nearly two feet in length, of a brown color, with short legs, amphibious and feeding on fish. It burrows in the banks of rivers and ponds, and its toes being webbed, it swims with great rapidity. There are several other species, of which the sea otter is the largest, being about three feet in length.

OTTER, n. The name of a coloring substance.

OTTOMAN, a. Designating something that pertains to the Turks or to their government; as the ottoman power or empire. The word originated in Othman or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the government about the year 1300.

OUCH, n.

1. A bezil or socket in which a precious stone or seal is set. Exodus 39:6.

2. The blow given by a boar’s tusk.

OUGHT. [See Aught, the true orthography.]

OUGHT, v. imperfect, aut.

1. To be held or bound in duty or moral obligation.

These ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. Matthew 23:23.

We that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. Romans 15:1.

Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers. Matthew 25:27.

2. To be necessary; to behoove.

Ought not Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into glory? Luke 24:26.

3. To be fit or expedient in a moral view.

My brethren, these things ought not so to be. James 3:10.

4. As a participle, owed; been indebted to.

The love and duty I long have ought you.

That followed, sir, which to myself I ought.

[In this sense, obsolete.]

5. In Chaucer’s time, it was used impersonally. “Wel ought us werke,” that is, well it behooveth us to work.

OUNCE, n. ouns. [L. uncia, the twelfth part of any thing; Gr; but the Greek is from Latin. Inch is from the same root, being the twelfth part of a foot.]

1. A weight, the twelfth part of a pound troy, and the sixteenth of a pound avoirdupois. In troy weight, the ounce is 20 pennyweights, each of 24 grains.

2. An animal of the genus Felis. [See Once.]

OUNDED, OUNDING, a. Waving. [L. unda. Not used.]

OUPHE, n. oof’y. A fairy; a goblin; an elf. Obs.

OUPHEN, n. oof’en. Elfish. Obs.

OUR, a.

1. Pertaining or belonging to us; as our country; our rights; our troops.

2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs. Your house is on a plain; ours is on a hill. This is good English, but certainly ours must be the nominative to is, or it has none.

Their organs are better disposed than ours for receiving grateful impressions from sensible objects.

Here ours stands in the place of our organs, and cannot, in conformity with any rule of construction, be in the possessive case.

The same thing was done by them in suing in their courts, which is now done by us in suing in ours.

OURANOGRAPHY, n. [Gr. heaven, and to describe.] A description of the heavens.

OURSELF, pron. reciprocal. [our and self.] This is added after we and us, and sometimes is used without either for myself, in the regal style only, as, we ourself will follow.

- Unless we would denude ourself of all force to defend us.

OURSELVES, plu. of ourself. We or us, not others; added to we, by way of emphasis or opposition.

We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal farther than we usually do.

Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand.

OUSE, n. ooz. [from ooze.] Tanner’s bark.

OUSEL, n. oo’zl. The blackbird, a species of the genus Turdus.

OUST, v.t. [I take this to be our vulgar oost, used in the sense of lift. The usual signification then will be that of the Latin tollo, sustuli.]

1. To take away; to remove.

Multiplications of actions upon the case were rare formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted.

2. To eject; to disseize.

Afterward the lessor, reversioner or remainder-man or any stranger doth eject or oust the lessee of his term.

OUSTED, pp. Taken away; removed; ejected.

OUSTER, n. Amotion of possession; disseizin; dispossession; ejection.

Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance or deforcement.

A delivery of lands out of the bands of a guardian, or out of the king’s hands; or a judgment given for that purpose.

OUSTING, ppr. Taking away; removing; ejecting.

OUT, adv.

1. Without; on the outside; not within; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any inclosed place or given line; opposed to in or within; as, to go out and come in; to rush out.

2. Abroad; not at home. The master of the house is out; a colloquial phrase for gone out.

3. In a state of disclosure or discovery. The secret is out, that is, has come out, is disclosed. We shall find out the rogue.

4. Not concealed.

When these are gone, the woman will be out.

5. In a state of extinction. The candle or the fire is out.

6. In a state of being exhausted. The wine is out.

7. In a state of destitution. We are out of bread corn.

8. Not in office or employment. I care not who is in or who is out. He is out of business.

9. Abroad or from home, in a party, at church, in a parade, etc. He was not out today. The militia companies are out. The man was out in a frolic last night.

10. To the end.

Hear me out.

11. Loudly; without restraint; as, to laugh out.

12. Not in the hands of the owner. The land is out upon a lease.

13. In an error.

As a musician that will always play, and yet is always out at the same note.

14. At a loss; in a puzzle.

I have forgot my part, and I am out.

15. Uncovered; with clothes torn; as, to be out at the knees or elbows.

16. Away, so as to consume; as, to sleep out the best time in the morning.

17. Deficient; having expended. He was out of pocket. He was out fifty pounds.

18. It is used as an exclamation with the force of command, away; begone; as, out with the dog.

Out upon you, out upon it, expressions of dislike or contempt.

Out is much used as a modifier of verbs; as, to come out, to go out, to lead out, to run out, to leak out, to creep out, to flow out, to pass out, to look out, to burn out, to cut out, to saw out, to grow out, to spin out, to write out, to boil out, to beat out, etc. bearing the sense of issuing, extending, drawing from, separating, bringing to open view, or in short, the passing of a limit that incloses or restrains; or bearing the metaphorical sense of vanishing, coming to an end.

Out of. In this connection, out may be considered as adverb, and of as a preposition.

1. Proceeding from; as produce. Plants grow out of the earth. He paid me out of his own funds.

Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life. Proverbs 4:23.

Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. James 3:10.

2. From or proceeding from a place, or the interior of a place; as, to take any thing out of the house. Mark 13:15.

3. Beyond; as out of the power of fortune.

They were astonished out of measure. Mark 10:26.

4. From, noting taking or derivation.

To whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets. Acts 28:23.

5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion.

Be instant in season, out of season. 2 Timothy 4:2.

6. Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence or dereliction; as out of favor; out of use; out of place; out of fashion.

7. Not in, noting unfitness or impropriety. He is witty out of season. The seed was sown out of season.

8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay; as, a ship is out of time.

9. Not within; abroad; as out of the door or house.

10. From, noting copy from an original; as, to cite or copy out of Horace.

11. From, noting rescue or liberation; as, to be delivered out of afflictions.

Christianity recovered the law of nature out of all those errors.

12. Not in, noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. This is out of all method; out of all rule. He goes out of his way to find cause of censure. He is out of order.

13. From, noting dereliction or departure. He will not be flattered or frightened out of his duty. He attempted to laugh men out of virtue.

14. From, noting loss or change of state. The mouth is out of taste; the instrument is out of tune.

15. Not according to, noting deviation; as, he acts or speaks out of character.

16. Beyond; not within the limits of; as, to be out of hearing, out of sight, out of reach. Time out of mind, is time beyond the reach of memory.

17. Noting loss or exhaustion, as, to be out of breath.

18. Noting loss; as out of hope.

19. By means of.

Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus to mutiny.

20. In consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason.

What they do not grant out of the generosity of their nature, they may grant out of mere impatience.

So we say, a thing is done out of envy, spite or ambition.

Out of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready in the hand.

Gather we our forces out of hand.

Out of print, denotes that a book is not in market, or to be purchased; the copies printed having been all sold.

OUT, v.t. To eject; to expel; to deprive by expulsion.

The French having been outed of their holds.

In composition, out signifies beyond, more, ejection or extension.

For the participles of the following compounds, see the simple verbs.

OUTACT, v.t. To do beyond; to exceed in act.

He has made me heir to treasures, would make me outact a read widow’s whining.

OUTBALANCE, v.t. To out weigh; to exceed in weight or effect.

Let dull Ajax bear away my right, when all his days outbalance this one night.

OUTBAR, v.t. To shut out by bars or fortification.

These to outbar with painful pionings.

OUTBID, v.t. To bid more than another; to offer a higher price.

For Indian spices, for Peruvian gold, prevent the greedy and outbid the bold.

OUTBID, OUTBIDDEN, pp. Exceeded in the price offered.

OUTBIDDER, n. One that outbids.

OUTBIDDING, ppr. Bidding a price beyond another.

OUTBLOWN, pp. Inflated; swelled with wind.

OUTBLUSH, v.t. To exceed in rosy color.

OUTBORN, a. Foreign; not native. [Little used.]

OUTBOUND, a. Destined or proceeding from a country or harbor to a distant country or port; as an outbound ship.

[The usual phrase among seamen is outward bound.]

OUTBRAVE, v.t.

1. To bear down by more daring or insolent conduct.

I would outstare the sternest eyes that look, outbrave the heart most daring on the earth, to win thee, lady.

2. To exceed in splendid appearance.

The towers as well as men outbrave the sky.

OUTBRAZEN, v.t. To bear down with a brazen face or impudence.

OUTBREAK, n. A bursting forth; eruption.

The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind.

OUTBREAKING, n. That which bursts forth.

OUTBREATHE, v.t.

1. To weary by having better breath.

2. To expire.

OUTBUD, v.i. To sprout forth.

OUTBUILD, v.t. outbild’. To exceed in building, or in durability of building.

OUTCANT, v.t. To surpass in canting.

OUTCAST, pp. or a. Cast out; thrown away; rejected as useless.

OUTCAST, n. One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home or country. Isaiah 16:3-4.

OUTCEPT, for except, is not in use.

OUTCLIMB, v.t. To climb beyond.

OUTCOMPASS, v.t. To exceed due bounds.

OUTCRAFT, v.t. To exceed in cunning.

OUTCRY, n.

1. A vehement or loud cry; cry of distress.

2. Clamor; noisy opposition or detestation.

3. Sale at public auction.

OUTDARE, v.t. To dare or venture beyond.

OUTDATE, v.t. To antiquate; as outdated ceremonies. [Not used.]

OUTDO, v.t. pret. outdid; pp. outdone. [See Do.]

To excel; to surpass; to perform beyond another.

An imposture outdoes the original.

I grieve to be outdone by Gay.

OUTDOING, ppr. Excelling; surpassing in performance.

OUTDOING, n. Excess in performance.

OUTDONE, pp. Of outdo.

OUTDRINK, v.t. [See Drink.] To exceed in drinking.

OUTDWELL, v.t. To dwell or stay beyond.

OUTER, a. [comp. of out.] Being on the outside; external; opposed to inner; as the outer wall; the outer part of a thing; the outer court or gate.

OUTERLY, adv. Towards the outside.

OUTERMOST, a. [superl. from outer.] Being on the extreme external part; remotest from the midst; as the outermost row.

OUTFACE, v.t. To brave; to bear down with an imposing front or with impudence; to stare down.

OUTFALL, n. A fall of water; a canal.

OUTFAWN, v.t. To exceed in fawning or adulation.

OUTFEAST, v.t. To exceed in feasting.

OUTFIT, n. A fitting out, as of a ship for a voyage; usually in the plural, outfits, the expenses of equipping and furnishing a ship for a voyage.

OUTFLANK, v.t. To extend the flank of one army beyond that of another.

OUTFLY, v.t. To fly faster than another; to advance before in flight or progress.

OUTFOOL, v.t. To exceed in folly.

OUTFORM, n. External appearance.

OUTFROWN, v.t. To frown down; to overbear by frowning.

OUTGATE, n. An outlet; a passage outward.

OUTGENERAL, v.t. To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior military skill.

OUTGIVE, v.t. outgiv’. To surpass in giving.

OUTGO, v.t. [See Go.]

1. To go beyond; to advance before in going; to go faster.

2. To surpass; to excel.

3. To circumvent; to overreach.

OUTGOING, ppr. Going beyond.

OUTGOING, n.

1. The act of going out.

2. The state of going out. Psalm 65:8.

3. Utmost border; extreme limit. Joshua 17:9.

OUTGRIN, v.t. To surpass in grinning.

OUTGROW, v.t.

1. To surpass in growth.

2. To grow too great or too old for any thing. Children outgrow their garments, and men outgrow their usefulness.

OUTGROWN, pp. Of outgrow.

OUTGUARD, n. A guard at a distance from the main body of an army; or a guard at the farthest distance; any thing for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be defended.

OUTHEROD, v.t. To surpass in enormity, absurdity or cruelty.

OUTHOUSE, n. A small house or building at a little distance from the main house.

OUTJEST, v.t. To overpower by jesting.

OUTJUGGLE, v.t. To surpass in juggling.