Noah Webster’s 1828 Dictionary
SUBDUEMENT — SUBPENA
SUBDUEMENT, n. Conquest. [Not used.]
SUBDUER, n.
1. One who conquers and brings into subjection; a tamer.
2. That which subdues or destroys the force of.
SUBDUING, ppr. Vanquishing and reducing to subjection; crushing; destroying the power of resistance; softening.
SUBDUPLE, a. [L., double.] Containing one part of two.
SUBDUPLICATE, a. [sub and duplicate.] Having the ratio of the square roots.
SUBEQUAL, a. [sub and equal.] Nearly equal.
SUBERATE, n. [L., a cork.] A salt formed by the suberic acid in combination with a base.
SUBERIC, a. Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it; as suberic acid.
SUBEROSE, a. [L., gnawed.] In botany, having the appearance of being gnawed; appearing as if a little eaten or gnawed.
SUBEROUS, a. [L., cork.] Corky; soft and elastic.
SUBFUSC, a. [L. Sub and fuscus.] Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.
SUBGLOBULAR, a. Having a form approaching to globular.
SUBHASTATION, n. [L., under the spear.] A public sale or auction, so called form the Roman practice.
SUBHYDROSULPHURET, n. A compound of sulphurated hydrogen with a base, in a less proportion than in hydrosulphuret.
SUBINDICATION, n. [L. Sub and indico.] The act of indication by signs.
SUBINFEUDATION, n. [sub and infeudation. See Feud.]
1. In law, the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds lands of the crown; the act of a greater baron, who grants land or a smaller manor to an inferior person. By 34 Edward II all subinfeudations previous to the reign of king Edward I., were confirmed.
2. Under tenancy.
The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation or under tenancy.
SUBINGRESSION, n. [L. Sub and ingressus.] Secret entrance. [Not in use.]
SUBITANEOUS, a. [L.] Sudden; hasty.
SUBITANY, a. Sudden. [Not in use.]
SUBJACENT, a. [L. Sub and jaceo, to lie.]
1. Lying under or below.
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath. A man placed on a hill, surveys the subjacent plain.
SUBJECT, a.
1. Placed or situate under.
--The eastern tower whose height commands, as subject, all the vale, to see the fight.
2. Being under the power and dominion of another; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.
Esau was never subject to Jacob.
3. Exposed; liable from extraneous causes; as a country subject to extreme heat or cold.
4. Liable from inherent causes; prone; disposed.
All human things are subject to decay.
5. Being that on which nay thing operates, whether intellectual or material; as the subject-matter of a discourse.
6. Obedient. Titus 3:1; Colossians 2:20.
SUBJECT, n. [L.]
1. One that owes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed by his laws. The natives of Great Britain are subjects of the British government. The natives of the United States, and naturalized foreigners, are subjects of the federal government. Men in free governments, are subjects as well as citizens; as citizens, they enjoy rights and franchises; as subjects, they are bound to obey the laws.
The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, and human laws require it.
2. That on which any mental operation is performed; that which is treated or handled; as a subject of discussion before the legislature; a subject of negotiation.
This subject for heroic song pleasd me.
The subject of a proposition is that concerning which any thing is affirmed or denied.
3. That on which any physical operation is performed; as a subject for dissection or amputation.
4. That in which any thing inheres or exists.
Anger is certainly a kind of baseness, as it appears well in the weakness of those subjects in whom it reigns.
5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece.
Authors of biography are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject.
6. In grammar, the nominative case to a verb passive.
SUBJECT, v.t.
1. To bring under the power or dominion of. Alexander subjected a great part of the civilized world to his dominion.
Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason--
2. To put under or within the power of.
In one short view subjected to our eye, gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties lie.
3. To enslave; to make obnoxious.
He is the most subjected, the most enslaved, who is so in his understanding.
4. To expose; to make liable. Credulity subjects a person to impositions.
5. To submit; to make accountable.
God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts--
6. To make subservient.
--Subjected to his service angel wings.
7. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject it to a rigid test.
SUBJECTED, pp. Reduced to the dominion of another; enslaved; exposed; submitted; made to undergo.
SUBJECTION, n.
1. The act of subduing; the act of vanquishing and bringing under the dominion of another.
The conquest of the kingdom and the subjection of the rebels--
2. The state of being under the power, control and government of another. The safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. The isles of the West Indies are held in subjection to the powers of Europe. Our appetites and passions should be in subjection to our reason, and our will should be in entire subjection to the laws of God.
SUBJECTIVE, a. Relating to the subject, as opposed to the object.
Certainty--is distinguished into objective and subjective; objective, is when the proposition is certainly true of itself; and subjective, is when we are certain of the truth of it.
SUBJECTIVELY, adv. In relation to the subject.
SUBJOIN, v.t. [L.] To add at the end; to add after something else has been said or written; as, to subjoin an argument or reason. [It is never used in a literal physical sense, to express the joining of material things.]
SUBJOINED, pp. Added after something else said or written.
SUBJOINING, ppr. Adding after something else said or written.
SUBJUGATE, v.t. [L. Sub and jugo, to yoke. See Yoke.] To subdue and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another.
He subjugated a king, and called him his vassal.
[Subjugate differs from subject only in implying a reduction to a more tyrannical or arbitrary sway; but they are often used as synonymous.]
SUBJUGATED, pp. Reduced to the absolute control of another.
SUBJUGATING, ppr. Conquering and bringing under the absolute power of another.
SUBJUGATION, n. The act of subduing and bringing under the power or absolute control of another.
SUBJUNCTION, n. The act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.
SUBJUNCTIVE, a. [L. See Subjoin.]
1. Subjoined or added to something before said or written.
2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow other verbs or words expressing condition, hypothesis or contingency; as, veni ut me videas, I came that you may see me; Si fecerint aequum, if they should do what is just.
3. Subjunctive is often used as a noun, denoting the subjunctive mode.
SUBLANATE, a. [L., wool.] In botany, somewhat woolly.
SUBLAPSARIAN, SUBLAPSARY, a. [L., fall.] Done after the apostasy of Adam. [See the Noun.]
SUBLAPSARIAN, n. One who maintains the sublapsarian doctrine, that the sin of Adams apostasy being imputed to all his posterity, God in compassion decreed to send his Son to rescue a great number from their lost state, and to accept of his obedience and death on their account. The decree of reprobation, according to the sublapsarians, is nothing but a preterition or non-election of persons, whom God left as he found, involved in the guilt of Adams transgression without any personal sin, when he withdrew some others as guilty as they.
Sublapsarian is opposed to supralapsarian.
SUBLATION, n. [L.] The act of taking or carrying away.
SUBLET, v.t. [sub and let.] To underlet; to lease, as a lessee to another person. [Unusual.]
SUBLEVATION, n. [L.] The act of raising on high.
SUBLIEUTENANT, n. An officer in the royal regiment of artillery and fusileers, in which are no ensigns, and who is the same as second lieutenant.
SUBLIGATION, n. [L., sub and ligo, to bind.] The act of binding underneath.
SUBLIMABLE, a. [from sublime.] That may be sublimated; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and again condensed by cold.
SUBLIMABLENESS, n. The quality of being sublimable.
SUBLIMATE, v.t. [from sublime.]
1. To bring a solid substance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor by heat, which on cooling, returns again to the solid state. [See Sublimation.]
2. To refine and exalt; to highthen; to elevate.
And as his actions rose, so raise they still their vein, in words whose weight best suits a sublimated strain.
SUBLIMATE, n. The product of a sublimation. Corrosive sublimate is the muriate of mercury when it has undergone sublimation. It is one of the most virulent of the mineral poisons.
Blue sublimate, is a preparation of mercury with flower of brimstone and sal ammoniac; used in painting.
SUBLIMATE, a. Brought into a state of vapor by heat and again condensed, as solid substances.
SUBLIMATED, pp. Brought into a state of vapor by heat, as a solid substance; refined.
SUBLIMATING, ppr. Converting into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing; as solid substances.
SUBLIMATION, n.
1. The operation of bringing a solid substance into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing it again into a solid by cold. Sublimation bears the same relation to a solid, that distillation does to a liquid. Both processes purify the substances to which they are severally applied, by separating them from the fixed and grosser matters with which they are connected.
2. Exaltation; elevation; act of highthening or improving.
Religion, the perfection, refinement and sublimation of morality.
SUBLIME, a. [L. sublimis.]
1. High in place; exalted aloft.
Sublime on these a tow’r of steel is rear’d.
2. High in excellence; exalted by nature; elevated.
Can it be that souls sublime
Return to visit our terrestrial clime?
3. High in style or sentiment; lofty; grand.
Easy in style thy work, in sense sublime.
4. Elevated by joy; as sublime with expectation.
5. Lofty of mein; elevated in manner.
His fair large front and eye sublime declar’d
Absolute rule.
SUBLIME, n. A grand or lofty style; a style that expresses lofty conceptions.
The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase--
SUBLIME, v.t. To sublimate, which see.
1. To raise on high.
2. To exalt; to highten; to improve.
The sun--
Which not alone the southern wit sublimes,
But ripens spirits in cold northern climes.
SUBLIME, v.i. To be brought or changed into a state of vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold, as a solid substance.
Particles of antimony which will not sublime alone.
SUBLIMED, pp. Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and when cooled, changed to a solid state.
SUBLIMELY, adv. With elevated conceptions; loftily; as, to express one’s self sublimely.
In English lays, and all sublimely great,
Thy Homer charms with all his ancient heat.
SUBLIMENESS, n. Loftiness of style or sentiment; sublimity.
SUBLIMING, ppr. Sublimating; exalting.
SUBLIMITY, n. [L. sublimitas.]
1. Elevation of place; lofty highth.
2. Highth in excellence; loftiness of nature or character; moral grandeur; as God’s incomprehensible sublimity.
The sublimity of the character of Christ owes nothing to his historians.
3. In oratory and composition, lofty conceptions, or such conceptions expressed in corresponding language; loftiness of sentiment or style.
Milton’s distinguishing excellence lies in the sublimity of his thoughts.
SUBLINGUAL, a. [L. sub and lingua, the tongue.]
Situated under the tongue; as the sublingual glands.
SUBLUNAR, SUBLUNARY, a. [L. sub and luna, the moon.] Literally, beneath the moon, but sublunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world.
All things sublunary are subject to change.
SUBLUXATION, n. [sub and luxation.] In surgery, a violent sprain; also, an incomplete dislocation.
SUBMARINE, a. [L. sub and marinus, from mare, the sea.]
Being, acting or growing under water in the sea; as submarine navigators; submarine plants.
SUBMAXILLARY, a. [L. sub and maxilla, the jaw-bone.] Situated under the jaw.
The submaxillary glands are two salivatory glands, situated one on either side, immediately within the angle of the lower jaw.
SUBMEDIANT, n. In music, the sixth note, or middle note between the octave and subdominant.
SUBMERGE, v.t. submerj’. [L. submergo; sub and mergo, to plunge.]
1. To put under water; to plunge.
2. To cover or overflow with water; to drown.
So half my Egypt was submerg’d.
SUBMERGE, v.i. submerj’. To plunge under water, as swallows.
SUBMERGED, pp. Put under water; overflowed.
SUBMERGING, ppr. Putting under water; overflowing.
SUBMERSE, SUBMERSED, a. submers’. [L. submersus.] Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.
SUBMERSION, n. [L. submersus.]
1. The act of putting under water or causing to be overflowed; as the submersion of an isle or tract of land.
2. The act of plunging under water; the act of drowning.
SUBMINISTER, SUBMINISTRATE, v.t. [L. subministro; sub and ministro.]
To supply; to afford. [Not in use.]
SUBMINISTER, v.i. To subserve; to be useful to.
Our passions--subminister to the best and worst of purposes.
[Not in use.] [See Minister and Administer.]
SUBMINISTRANT, a. Subservient; serving in subordination. [Not in use.]
SUBMINISTRATION, n. The act of furnishing or supplying. [Not in use.]
SUBMISS, a. [L. submissus, submitto.] Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.]
SUBMISSION, n. [L. submissio, from submitto.]
1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another.
Submission, dauphin! ‘tis a mere French word;
We English warriors wot not what it means.
2. Acknowledgment of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior.
In all submission and humility,
York doth present himself unto your highness.
3. Acknowledgment of a fault; confession or error.
Be not as extreme in submission, as in offense.
4. Obedience; compliance with the commands or laws of a superior. Submission of children to their parents is an indispensable duty.
5. Resignation; a yielding of one’s will to the will or appointment of a superior without murmuring. Entire and cheerful submission to the will of God is a christian duty of prime excellence.
SUBMISSIVE, a. Yielding to the will or power of another; obedient.
1. Humble; acknowledging one’s inferiority; testifying one’s submission.
Her at his feet submissive in distress,
He thus with peaceful words uprais’d.
SUBMISSIVELY, adv. With submission; with acknowledgment of inferiority; humbly.
The goddess,
Soft in her tone, submissively replies.
SUBMISSIVENESS, n. A submissive temper or disposition.
1. Humbleness; acknowledgment of inferiority.
2. Confession of fault.
Frailty gets pardon by submissiveness.
SUBMISSLY, adv. Humbly; with submission. [Little used.]
SUBMISSNESS, n. Humbleness; obedience. [Little used.]
SUBMIT, v.t. [L. submitto; sub, under, and mitto, to send.]
1. To let down; to cause to sink or lower.
Sometimes the hill submits itself a while.
[This use of the word is nearly or wholly obsolete.]
2. To yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority of another; with the reciprocal pronoun.
Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hand. Genesis 16:9.
Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands. Ephesians 5:22.
Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man. 1 Peter 2:13.
3. To refer; to leave or commit to the discretion of judgment of another; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court.
SUBMIT, v.i. To surrender; to yield one’s person to the power of another; to give up resistance. The enemy submitted.
The revolted provinces presently submitted.
1. To yield one’s opinion to the opinion or authority of another. On hearing the opinion of the court, the counsel submitted without further argument.
2. To be subject; to acquiesce in the authority of another.
To thy husband’s will
Thine shall submit--
3. To be submissive; to yield without murmuring.
Our religion requires us--to submit to pain, disgrace and even death.
SUBMITTED, pp. Surrendered; resigned; yielded; referred.
SUBMITTER, n. One who submits.
SUBMITTING, ppr. Surrendering; resigning; yielding; referring to another for decision.
SUBMULTIPLE, n. [See Multiply.] A number or quantity which is contained in another a certain number of times, or is an aliquot part of it. Thus 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times. The word is used as an adjective also; as a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.
SUBNASCENT, a. [L. sub and nascor.] Growing underneath.
SUBNECT, v.t. [L. subnecto.] To tie, buckle or fasten beneath. [Not in use.]
SUBNORMAL, n. [L. sub and norma, a rule.] A subperpendicular, or a line under the perpendicular to a curve.
SUBNUDE, a. [L. sub and nudus, naked.] In botany, almost naked or bare of leaves.
SUBOBSCURELY, adv. Somewhat obscurely or darkly.
SUBOCCIPITAL, a. Being under the occiput; as the suboccipital nerves.
SUBOCTAVE, SUBOCTUPLE, a. [L. sub and octavus or octuple.] Containing one part of eight.
SUBOCULAR, a. [L. sub and oculus.] Being under the eye.
SUBORBICULAR, SUBORBICULATE, a. [L. sub and orbiculatus.] Almost orbiculate or orbicular; nearly circular.
SUBORDINACY, n. [See Subordinate.]
1. The state of being subordinate or subject to control; as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason.
2. Series of subordination. [Little used.]
SUBORDINANCY, n. [Not in use. See Subordinacy.]
SUBORDINATE, a. [L. sub and ordinatus, from ordo, order.]
1. Inferior in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance, etc.; as subordinate officers.
It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding.
2. Descending in a regular series.
The several kinds and subordinate species of each, are easily distinguished.
SUBORDINATE, v.t. To place in order or rank below something else; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another; to subordinate temporal to spiritual things.
1. To make subject; as, to subordinate the passions to reason.
SUBORDINATED, pp. Placed in an inferior rank; considered as of inferior importance; subjected.
SUBORDINATELY, adv. In a lower rank or of inferior importance.
1. In a series regularly descending.
SUBORDINATION, n. [See Subordinate.]
1. The state of being inferior to another; inferiority of rank or dignity.
2. A series regularly descending.
Natural creatures having a local subordination--
3. Place of rank among inferiors.
--Persons, who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors.
4. Subjection; state of being under control or government.
The most glorious military achievements would be a calamity and a curse, if purchased at the expense of habits of subordination and love of order.
SUBORN, v.t. [L. suborno; sub and orno. The sense of orno, in this word, and the primary sense, is to put on, to furnish. Hence suborno, to furnish privately, that is, to bribe.]
1. In law, to procure a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.
2. To procure privately or by collusion.
Or else thou art suborn’d against his honor.
3. To procure by indirect means.
Those who by despair suborn their death.
SUBORNATION, n. In law, the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.
1. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action.
SUBORNED, pp. Procured to take a false oath, or to do a bad action.
SUBORNER, n. One who procures another to take a false oath, or to do a bad action.
SUBORNING, ppr. Procuring one to take a false oath, or to do a criminal action.
SUBOVATE, a. [L. sub and ovatus, from ovum, an egg.]
Almost ovate; nearly in the form of an egg.
SUBPENA, n. [L. sub and poena, pain, penalty.]
A writ commanding the attendance in court of the person on whom it is served; as witnesses, etc.