Thayer's Greek Lexicon

ἐξισχύω — ἐπικαθίζω

ἐξισχύω

(1840) ἐξισχύω: 1 aorist subjunctive 2 person plural ἐξισχύσητε, to be eminently able, to have full strength, [cf. ἐκ , VI. 6]: followed by an infinitive Ephesians 3:18. (Sir. 7:6; rare in Greek writings, as Dioscorides, Strabo, Plutarch.)

ἔξοδος

(1841) ἔξοδος, -ου, ἡ, (ὁδός), exit, i. e. departure: Hebrews 11:22; metaphorically, ἡ ἔξοδός τινος the close of one's career, one's final fate, Luke 9:31; departure from life, decease: 2 Peter 1:15, as in Wis. 3:2; Wis. 7:6; [Philo de caritate § 4]; with addition of τοῦ ζῆν, Josephus, Antiquities 4, 8, 2; [of τοῦ βίου, Justin Martyr, dialog contra Trypho § 105].

ἐξολεθρεύω

(1842) ἐξολοθρεύω and (according to the reading best attested by the oldest manuscripts of the Sept. and received by L T Tr WH [see ὀλοθρεύω ]) ἐξολεθρεύω: future passive ἐξολοθρευθήσομαι; to destroy out of its place, destroy utterly, to extirpate: ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ, Acts 3:23. (Often in the Sept. , and in the O. T. Apocrypha, and in Test 12. Patr.; Josephus, Antiquities 8, 11, 1; 11, 6, 6; hardly in native Greek writings.)

ἐξομολογέω

(1843) ἐξομολογέω, -ῶ: 1 aorist ἐξωμολόγησα; middle, [present εξ- ὀμολογοῦμαι]; future ἐξομολογήσομαι; [1 aorist subjunctive 3 person singular -γήσηται, Philippians 2:11 R G L text Tr text WH]; (ἐξ either forth from the heart, freely, or publicly, openly [cf. Winers Grammar, 102 (97)]); active and deponent middle to confess, to profess;

1. to confess: τὰς ἁμαρτίας, Matthew 3:6; Mark 1:5; [James 5:16 L T Tr WH], (Josephus, Antiquities 8, 4, 6; [cf. b. j. 5, 10, 5; Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 51, 3; the Epistle of Barnabas 19, 12]); τὰς πράξεις, Acts 19:18; τὰ παραπτώματα, James 5:16 R G; (ἡτταν, Plutarch, Eum c. 17; τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἄνευ βασάνων, id. Anton c. 59).

2. to profess i. e. to acknowledge openly and joyfully: τὸ ὄνομα τινος, Revelation 3:5 Rec. ; followed by ὅτι, Philippians 2:11; with the dative of person [cf. Winers Grammar § 31, 1 f.; Buttmann, 176 (153)] to one's honor, i. e. to celebrate, give praise to (so the Sept. for לְ הודָה, Psalms 29:5 (Psalms 30:5); Psalm 105:47 (Psalms 106:47); Psalms 121:4 (Psalms 122:4), etc.; [Winer's Grammar, 32]): Romans 14:11; Romans 15:9 from Psalm 17:50 (Psalms 18:50), (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 61, 3); τινί (the dative of person) followed by ὅτι: Matthew 11:25; Luke 10:21. to profess that one will do something, to promise, agree, engage: Luke 22:6 [Lachmann omits]; (in this sense the Greeks and Josephus use ὁμολογεῖν).

ἐξορκίζω

(1844) ἐξορκίζω;

1. to exact an oath, to force to an oath, (Demosthenes, Polybius, Apollodorus, Diodorus, Plutarch, others), for which the earlier Greeks used ἐξορκόω, [cf. Winer's Grammar, 102 (97)].

2. to adjure: τινὰ κατά τινος, one by a person [cf. κατά , I. 2 a.], followed by ἵνα [Buttmann, 237 (205)], Matthew 26:63; (Genesis 24:3).

ἐξορκιστής

(1845) ἐξορκιστής, -οῦ, ὁ, (ἐξορκίζω);

1. he who exacts an oath of another.

2. an exorcist, i. e. one who employs a formula of conjuration for expelling demons: Acts 19:13. (Josephus, Antiquities 8, 2, 5; Lucian, epigr. in Anthol. 11, 427; often in the church Fathers.)

ἐξορύσσω

(1846) ἐξορύσσω: 1 aorist participle ἐξορύξαντες; from Herodotus down;

1. to dig out: τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς (properly, to pluck out the eyes; so Judges 16:21 [Alex. ]; 1 Samuel 11:2; Herodotus 8, 116; Josephus, Antiquities 6, 5, 1; Lucian, dial. deor. 1, 1; others) καὶ διδόναι τινί, metaphorically, to renounce the most precious things for another's advantage, Galatians 4:15 (similar expressions see in Terence, adelph. 4, 5, 67; Horace sat. 2, 5, 35; [Wetstein at the passage]); in opposition to a very few interpretaters who, assuming that Paul suffered from a weakness of the eyes, understand the words literally, "Ye would have plucked out your sound eyes and have put them into me," see Meyer at the passage; [cf. references under the word σκόλοψ, at the end].

2. to dig through: τὴν στέγην, Mark 2:4.

ἐξουδενέω

(1847) ἐξουδενόω, -ῶ: [1 aorist passive subjunctive 3 person singular ἐξουδενωθῇ]; equivalent to ἐξουδενέω, which see: Mark 9:12 R G; often in the Sept, especially for בָּזָה and מָאַם. [Cf. references in the preceding word.]

Related entry: ἐξουδενέω, -ῶ: 1 aorist passive subjunctive 3 person singular ἐξουδενηθῇ; perfect passive participle ἐξουδενημένος; to hold and treat as as of no account, utterly to despise: τὸν λόγον, passive, 2 Corinthians 10:10 Lachmann. to set at nought, treat with contumely: a person, passive, Mark 9:12 L Tr WH, (Ezekiel 21:10). Cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 182; [Buttmann, 28 (25); Winers Grammar, 91 (87); Sophocles Lexicon, under the word; WH's Appendix, p. 166].

ἐξουθενέω

(1848) ἐξουθενέω, -ῶ; 1 aorist ἐξουθένησα; passive, perfect participle ἐξουθενημένος; [1 aorist participle ἐξουθενηθείς]; (see οὐδείς ); to make of no account, to despise utterly: τινά, Luke 18:9; Romans 14:3, Romans 14:10; 1 Corinthians 16:11; τί, 1 Thessalonians 5:20; Galatians 4:14 (where it is coupled with ἐκπτύω); in passive οἱ ἐξουθενημένοι, 1 Corinthians 6:4; τὰ ἐξουθενημένα, 1 Corinthians 1:28 (see ἀγενής ); ὁ λόγος ἐξουθενημένος, 2 Corinthians 10:10 [here Lachmann ἐξουδ.]; ὁ (λίθος ὁ) ἐξουθενηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκοδομούντων, set at nought, i. e. rejected, cast aside, Acts 4:11. To treat with contempt (i. e. accusative to the context, with mockery): Luke 23:11; (for בּוּז, Proverbs 1:7; בָּזָה, Ezekiel 22:8, etc.; מָאַס, 1 Samuel 8:7. Wis. 4:18; 2 Macc. 1:27; the Epistle of Barnabas 7, 9; and other ecclesiastical writings). Cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 182; [and references under the word ἐξουδενέω, at the end].

Related entry: ἐξουθενόω, equivalent to ἐξουθενέω, which see: Mark 9:12 Tdf.

ἐξουσία

(1849) ἐξουσία, ἐξουσίας, ἡ (from ἔξεστι, ἐξόν, which see), from Euripides , Xenophon , Plato down; the Sept. for מֶמְשָׁלָה and Chaldean שָׁלְטָן; power.

1. power of choice, liberty of doing as one pleases; leave or permission: 1 Corinthians 9:12, 1 Corinthians 9:18; ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν, 2 Thessalonians 3:9; with an infinitive added indicating the thing to be done, John 10:18; 1 Corinthians 9:4; Hebrews 13:10 (WH brackets ἐξουσία); followed by an infinitive with τοῦ, 1 Corinthians 9:6 (L T Tr WH omit τοῦ); with a genitive of the thing or the person with regard to which one has the power to decide: Romans 9:21 (where an explanatory infinitive is added (Buttmann , 260 (224))); 1 Corinthians 9:12; ἐπί τό ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς, permission to use the tree of life, Revelation 22:14 (see ἐπί , C. I. 2 e.); ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν περί τοῦ ἰδίου θελήματος (opposed to ἀνάγκην ἔχειν (cf. Winer 's Grammar, § 30, 3 N. 5)), 1 Corinthians 7:37; ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσία (appointed, see τίθημι , 1 a. sub at the end) according to his own choice, Acts 1:7; ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσία ὑπῆρχεν, i. e. at thy free disposal, Acts 5:4; used of liberty under the gospel, as opposed to the yoke of the Mosaic law, 1 Corinthians 8:9.

2. physical and mental power; the ability or strength with which one is endued, which he either possesses or exercises: Matthew 9:8; Acts 8:19; Revelation 9:3, Revelation 9:19; Revelation 13:2, Revelation 13:4; Revelation 18:1; followed by an infinitive of the thing to be done, Mark 3:15; Luke 12:5; John 1:12; Revelation 9:10; Revelation 11:6; Revelation 13:5; followed by τοῦ with the infinitive Luke 10:19; αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους, this is the power that darkness exerts, Luke 22:53; ποιεῖν ἐξουσίαν to exert power, give exhibitions of power, Revelation 13:12; ἐν ἐξουσία εἶναι, to be possessed of power and influence, Luke 4:32; also ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν (both expressions refer to the ability and weight which Jesus exhibited in his teaching) Matthew 7:29; (Mark 1:22); κατ' ἐξουσίαν powerfully, Mark 1:27; also ἐν ἐξουσία, Luke 4:36.

3. the power of authority (influence) and of right: Matthew 21:23; Mark 11:28; Luke 20:2; spoken of the authority of an apostle, 2 Corinthians 10:8; 2 Corinthians 13:10; of the divine authority granted to Jesus as Messiah, with the infinitive of the thing to be done, Matthew 9:6; Mark 2:10; Luke 5:24; John 5:27; ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσία; clothed in what authority (i. e. thine own or God's?), Matthew 21:23, Matthew 21:24, Matthew 21:27; Mark 11:28, Mark 11:29, Mark 11:33; Luke 20:2, Luke 20:8; delegated authority (German Vollmacht, authorization): παρά τίνος, with the genitive of the person by whom the authority is given, or received, Acts 9:14; Acts 26:10, Acts 26:12 (R G ).

4. the power of rule or government (the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed (generally translated authority));

a. universally: Matthew 28:18; Jude 1:25; Revelation 12:10; Revelation 17:13; λαμβάνειν, ἐξουσίαν ὡς βασιλεύς, Revelation 17:12; εἰμί ὑπό ἐξουσίαν, I am under authority, Matthew 8:9; with τασσόμενος added, (Matthew 8:9 L WH brackets); Luke 7:8; ἐξουσία τίνος, the genitive of the object, authority (to be exercised) over, as τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων, Mark 6:7; with ὥστε ἐκβάλλειν αὐτά added, Matthew 10:1; ἐξουσίαν πάσης σαρκός, authority over all mankind, John 17:2 (πάσης σαρκός κυρειαν, Bel and the Dragon, verse 5); (the genitive of the subject, τοῦ Σατανᾶ, Acts 26:18); ἐπί τινα, power over one, so as to be able to subdue, drive out, destroy, Revelation 6:8; ἐπί τά δαιμόνια, Luke 9:1; or to hold submissive to one's will, Revelation 13:7; ἐπί τάς πληγάς, the power to inflict plagues and to put an end to them, Revelation 16:9; ἐπί τῶν ἐθνῶν, over the heathen nations, Revelation 2:26; ἐπί τίνος, to destroy one, Revelation 20:6; ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τοῦ πυρός, to preside, have control, over fire, to hold it subject to his will, Revelation 14:18; ἐπί τῶν ὑδάτων, Revelation 11:6; ἐπάνω τίνος ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, to be ruler over a thing, Luke 19:17.

b. specifically,

α. of the power of judicial decision; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν with an infinitive of the thing decided: σταυρῶσαι and ἀπολῦσαι τινα, John 19:10; followed by κατά τίνος, the power of deciding against one, John 19:11; παραδοῦναι τινα... τῇ ἐξουσία τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, Luke 20:20.

β. of authority to manage domestic affairs: Mark 13:34.

c. metonymically,

α. a thing subject to authority or rule: Luke 4:6; jurisdiction: ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας ἡδωρου ἐστιν, Luke 23:7 (1 Macc. 6:11 (cf. Psalms 113:2 (Psalms 114:2); Isaiah 39:2)).

β. one who possesses authority; (cf. the Latin use of honestates , dignitates , auctoritates (so the English authorities, dignities, etc.) in reference to persons);

αα. a ruler, human magistrate (Dionysius Halicarnassus 8, 44; 11, 32): Romans 13:1-3; plural: Luke 12:11; Romans 13:1; Titus 3:1.

ββ. the leading and more powerful among created beings superior to man, spiritual potentates; used in the plural of a certain class of angels (see ἀρχή , δύναμις , θρόνος , κυριότης ): Colossians 1:16; 1 Peter 3:22 (cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., p. 226f; (Lightfoot on Colossians, the passage cited)); with ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις added, Ephesians 3:10; πᾶσα ἐξουσία, 1 Corinthians 15:24; Ephesians 1:21; Colossians 2:10; used also of demons: in the plural, Ephesians 6:12; Colossians 2:15; collectively (cf. Lob. ad Phryn. , p. 469), ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ ἀέρος (see ἀήρ ), Ephesians 2:2; τοῦ σκότους, Colossians 1:13 (others refer this to 4 a. (or c. α.) above (cf. Luke 22:53 in 2), and regard σκότος as personified; see σκότος , b.).

d. a sign of the husband's authority over his wife, i. e. the veil with which propriety required a woman to cover herself, 1 Corinthians 11:10 (as βασιλεία is used by Diodorus 1, 47 for the sign of regal power, i. e. a crown). (Synonym: see δύναμις , at the end. On the infinitive after ἐξουσία, and ἐξουσία ἔχειν cf. Buttmann , 260 (223f).)

ἐξουσιάζω

(1850) ἐξουσιάζω; 1 future passive ἐξουσιασθήσομαι; (ἐξουσία); equivalent to ἐξουσίαν ἔχω, to have power or authority, use power: [ἐν πλείοσι ἐξ. πολλῶν μοναρχίων, Aristotle, eth. Eud. 1, 5, p. 1216^a, 2]; ἐν ἀτίμοις, Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 9, 44; τινός, to be master of anyone, exercise authority over one, Luke 22:25; τοῦ σώματος, to be master of the body, i. e. to have full and entire authority over the body, to hold the body subject to one's will, 1 Corinthians 7:4. Passive followed by ὑπό τινος, to be brought under the power of anyone, 1 Corinthians 6:12. (Sept. several times in Nehemiah and Ecclesiastes, chiefly for מָשַׁל and שָׁלַט.) [Compare: κατεξουσιάζω.]

ἐξοχή

(1851) ἐξοχή, -ῆς, ἡ, (from ἐξέχω to stand out, be prominent; cf. ὑπεροχή );

1. properly, in Greek writings any prominence or projection, as the peak or summit of a mountain (ἐπ’ ἐξοχῇ πέτρας, Job 39:28 Sept. ); in medical writings a protuberance, swelling, wart, etc.

2. metaphorically, eminence, excellence, superiority, (Cicero, ad Att. 4, 15, 7 ἐξοχή in nullo est, pecunia omnium dignitatem exaequat); ἄνδρες οἱ κατ’ ἐξοχὴν ὄντες τῆς πόλεως, the prominent men of the city, Acts 25:23.

ἐξυπνίζω

(1852) ἐξυπνίζω: 1 aorist subjunctive ἐξυπνίσω; (ὕπνος); to wake up, awaken out of sleep: [transitive, αὐτόν], John 11:11. ([Judges 16:14]; 1 Kings 3:15; Job 14:12; Antoninus 6, 31; Plutarch [de solert. anim. 29, 4]; Test 12 Patr. [Levi § 8; Jud. § 25, etc.]; the better Greeks said ἀφυπνίζω, see Lob. ad Phryn., p. 224; [Winer's Grammar, § 2, 1 d.].)

ἔξυπνος

(1853) ἔξυπνος, -ον, (ὕπνος), roused out of sleep: Acts 16:27. (1 Esdr. 3:3; [Josephus, Antiquities 11, 3, 2].)

ἔξω

(1854) ἔξω, adverb (from ἐξ, as ἔσω and εἴσω from ἐς and εἰς);

1. without, out of doors;

a. adverbially: Mark 11:4; joined with verbs: ἑστάναι, Matthew 12:46, Matthew 12:47 (WH text omit the verse); Mark 3:31; Luke 8:20; Luke 13:25; John 18:16; John 20:11 (Lachmann omits); καθῆσθαι, Matthew 26:69; or with some other verb declaring that the person without is doing something, Mark 3:31. Preceded by the article ὁ ἔξω, absolutely, he who is without, properly, of place; metaphorically, in plural, those who do not belong to the Christian church (cf. Lightfoot on Col. as below; Meyer on Mark as below): 1 Corinthians 5:12, 1 Corinthians 5:13; Colossians 4:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:12; those who are not of the number of the apostles, Mark 4:11 ((cf. Meyer) WH marginal reading ἔξωθεν, which see). With a noun added: αἱ ἔξω πόλεις, foreign, Acts 26:11; ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, the outer man, i. e. the body (see ἄνθρωπος , 1 e.), 2 Corinthians 4:16.

b. it takes the place of a preposition and is joined with the genitive, without i. e. out of, outside of (Winer 's Grammar, § 54, 6): Luke 13:33; Acts 21:5; Hebrews 13:11, Hebrews 13:12.

2. after the verbs of going, sending, placing, leading, drawing, etc., which commonly take prepositions or adverbs signifying rest in a place rather than those expressive of motion toward a place, ἔξω has the force of the Latinforas (German hinaus,heraus ), forth out, out of;

a. adverbially, after the verbs ἐξέρχομαι, Matthew 26:75; Mark 14:68; Luke 22:62; John 19:4, John 19:5; Revelation 3:12; ἄγω, John 19:4, John 19:13; προάγω, Acts 16:30; ἐξάγω, Luke 24:50 (R G L brackets); βάλλω and ἐκβάλλω, Matthew 5:13; Matthew 13:48; Luke 8:54 R G ; Luke 13:28; Luke 14:35 (Luke 14:34); John 6:37; John 9:34, John 9:35; John 12:31; John 15:6; Acts 9:40; 1 John 4:18; Revelation 11:2 R G ; δεῦρο ἔξω, John 11:43; ἔξω ποιεῖν τινα, Acts 5:34.

b. as a preposition with the genitive: after ἀπελθεῖν, Acts 4:15; ἀποστέλλειν, Mark 5:10; ἐκβάλλειν, Mark 12:8; Luke 4:29; Luke 20:15; Acts 7:58; ἐξέρχεσθαι, Matthew 21:17; Acts 16:13; Hebrews 13:13; ἐκπορεύεσθαι, Mark 11:19; ἐξάγειν, Mark 8:23 (R G L Tr marginal reading); σύρειν τινα, Acts 14:19; έ῾λκειν τινα, Acts 21:30.

ἔξωθεν

(1855) ἔξωθεν, adverb, (from ἔξω, opposed to ἔσωθεν from ἔσω; cf. ἄνωθεν , πόρρωθεν ), from without, outward, [cf. Winer's Grammar, 472 (440)];

1. adverbially: (outwardly), Matthew 23:27; Mark 7:18; 2 Corinthians 7:5; τὸ ἔξωθεν, the outside, the exterior, Matthew 23:25; Luke 11:39; ἐκβάλλειν ἔξωθεν (for R G ἔξω), Revelation 11:2^b L T Tr WH; οἱ ἔξωθεν for οἱ ἔξω, those who do not belong to the Christian church, 1 Timothy 3:7; [cf. Mark 4:11 WH marginal reading and under the word ἔξω, 1 a.]; ὁ ἔξωθεν κόσμος the outward adorning, 1 Peter 3:3.

2. as a preposition with the genitive [cf. Winer's Grammar § 54, 6]: Mark 7:15; Revelation 11:2^a [R^bez ^elz G L T Tr WH; Revelation 14:20 where Rec. ἔξω].

ἐξωθέω

(1856) ἐξωθέω, -ῶ: 1 aorist ἔξῶσα [so accented by G T edition 7 Tr, but L WH ἐξῶσα] and in Tdf. ἐξέωσα [WHs Appendix, p. 162] (cf. Winers Grammar, p. 90 (86); [Buttmann, 69 (61); Stephanus Thesaurus and Veitch, under the word ὠθέω]); to thrust out; expel from one's abode: Acts 7:45 (Thucydides, Xenophon, others). to propel, drive: τὸ πλοῖον εἰς αἰγιαλόν, Acts 27:39 [WH text ἐκσῶσαι; see ἐκσώζω ], (the same use in Thucydides, Xenophon, others).

Related entry: [ἐκσώζω: 1 aorist ἐξέσωσα; to save from, either to keep or to rescue from danger (from Aeshcylus and Herodotus down): εἰς αἰγιαλὸν ἐκσῶσαι τὸ πλοῖον to bring the ship safe to shore, Acts 27:39 WH text; others ἐξῶσαι, see ἐξωθέω, and εἰ I. 7 c.]

ἐξώτερος

(1857) ἐξώτερος, -έρα, -ερον, (a comparative from ἔξω, cf. ἐσώτερος , ἀνώτερος , κατώτερος ), outer: τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον, the darkness outside the limits of the lighted palace (to which the Messiah's kingdom is here likened), Matthew 8:12; Matthew 22:13; Matthew 25:30. [(Sept. ; Strabo, others).]

ἑορτάζω

(1858) ἑορτάζω; (ἑορτή); to keep a feast-day, celebrate a festival: 1 Corinthians 5:8, on which passage see ἄζυμος . (Sept. for חָגַג; Euripides, Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato, others; ὁρτάζω, Herodotus.)

ἑορτή

(1859) ἑορτή, -ῆς, ἡ, Sept. for חָג; Greek writings from Homer down; in Herodotus ὁρτή; a feast day, festival: Luke 2:42; John 5:1; John 6:4; John 7:2, John 7:37; Colossians 2:16; ἡ ἑορτὴ τοῦ πάσχα: Luke 2:41 [Winers Grammar, 215 (202); Buttmann, 186 (161)]; John 13:1; equivalent to ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν ἀζύμων, Luke 22:1; ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ, during the feast, Matthew 26:5; Mark 14:2; John 4:45; John 7:11; John 12:20; εἶναι ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ, to be engaged in celebrating the feast, John 2:23, cf. Baumg.-Crusius and Meyer at the passage; εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν, for the feast, John 13:29; ἀναβαίνειν (to Jerusalem) εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν, John 7:8, John 7:10; ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν, John 4:45; John 11:56; John 12:12; τῆς ἑορτῆς μεσούσης, in the midst of the feast, John 7:14; κατὰ ἑορτήν, at every feast [see κατά , II. 3 a. β.], Matthew 27:15; Mark 15:6; Luke 23:17 [Rec. ]; τὴν ἑορτὴν ποιεῖν to keep, celebrate, the feast, Acts 18:21 [Rec. ]; κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἑορτῆς, after the custom of the feast, Luke 2:42.

ἐπαγγελία

(1860) ἐπαγγελία, ἐπαγγελίας, ἡ (ἐπαγγέλλω);

1. announcement: 1 John 1:5 (Rec. , where ἀγγελία was long since restored); κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, to proclaim life in fellowship with Christ, 2 Timothy 1:1 (Winer s Grammar, 402 (376); cf. κατά , II. at the end. But others give ἐπαγγελία here as elsewhere the sense of promise, cf. 2 below).

2. promise;

a. the act of promising, a promise given or to be given: προσδέχεσθαι τήν ἀπό τίνος ἐπαγγελίαν (assent; the reference is to a promise to surrender Paul to the power and sentence of the Jews), Acts 23:21; (add, ἐπαγγελίας ὁ λόγος οὗτος, Romans 9:9). It is used also of the divine promises of blessing, especially of the benefits of salvation by Christ (cf. Lightfoot on Galatians, 3:14): Acts 7:17; Romans 4:14, Romans 4:16; (plural Romans 9:4); Galatians 3:17, Galatians 3:21; Galatians 4:23; Hebrews 11:17; 2 Peter 3:9 (on which see βραδύνω , 2); Hebrews 8:6; Hebrews 11:9; followed by the infinitive Hebrews 4:1; γίνεται τίνι, Romans 4:13; πρός τινα, Acts 13:32; Acts 26:6; ἐρρήθη τίνι, Galatians 3:16; ἐστι τίνι, belongs to one, Acts 2:39; ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι τήν ἐπαγγελίαν 1 John 2:25; ἔχειν ἐπαγγελίας, to have received, Hebrews 7:6; 2 Corinthians 7:1 (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 177 (166)); to have linked to it, 1 Timothy 4:8; εἶναι ἐν ἐπαγγελία, joined with a promise (others besides; cf. Winer 's Grammar, 391 (366)), Ephesians 6:2; ἡ γῆ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, the promised land, Hebrews 11:9; τά κατά τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, born in accordance with the promise, Romans 9:8; Galatians 4:28; τό πνεῦμα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τό ἅγιον, the promised Spirit, Ephesians 1:13; αἱ διαθῆκαι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, covenants to which was united the promise (of salvation through the Messiah), Ephesians 2:12; ἡ ἐπαγγελία τοῦ Θεοῦ, given by God, Romans 4:20; in the plural 2 Corinthians 1:20; αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι τῶν πατέρων, the promises made to the fathers, Romans 15:8; with the genitive of the object, τῆς ζωῆς, 1 Timothy 4:8; τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ, 2 Peter 3:4; κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν according to promise, Acts 13:23; Galatians 3:29; δἰ ἐπαγγελίας, Galatians 3:18.

b. by metonymy, a promised good or blessing (cf. ἐλπίς , under the end): Galatians 3:22; Ephesians 3:6 (yet here cf. Meyer or Ellicott); ἀποστέλλειν τήν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πατρός μου, the blessing promised by my Father, Luke 24:49; περιμένειν, Acts 1:4; κομίζεσθαι τήν ἐπαγγελίαν, Hebrews 10:36; Hebrews 11:39 (Hebrews 11:13 T Tr WH , προσδέχεσθαι L ); λαμβάνειν τάς ἐπαγγελίας, Hebrews 11:13 (R G ); ἐπιτυγχάνειν ἐπαγγελιῶν, Hebrews 11:33; κληρονομεῖν τάς ἐπαγγελίας, Hebrews 6:12; ἐπιτυγχάνειν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, Hebrews 6:15; κληρονόμοι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, Hebrews 6:17 — (to reconcile Hebrews 6:12, Hebrews 6:15, Hebrews 6:17 with Hebrews 11:13, Hebrews 11:39, which at first sight seem to be in conflict, we must hold, in accordance with Hebrews 12:22-24, that the O. T. saints, after the expiatory sacrifice offered at length to God by Christ, were made partakers of the heavenly blessings before Christ's return from heaven; (others explain the apparent contradiction by the difference between the initial and the consummate reception of the promise; see the commentaries at the passage)); with the epexegetical genitive λαβεῖν τήν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, the promised blessing, which is the Holy Spirit, Acts 2:33; Galatians 3:14 (cf. Winer 's Grammar, § 34, 3 a. at the end); τήν ἐπαγγελίαν τῆς αἰωνίου κληρονομίας, Hebrews 9:15. ((Demosthenes 519, 8; Aristotle , eth. Nic. 10, 1, p. 1164a, 29); Polybius 1, 43, 6, and often; Diodorus 1, 5; Josephus , Antiquities 3, 5, 1; 5, 8, 11; 1 Macc. 10:15.)

ἐπαγγέλλομαι

(1861) ἐπαγγέλλω: [present middle ἐπαγγέλλομαι]; perfect passive and middle ἐπήγγελμαι; 1 aorist middle ἐπηγγειλάμην; from Homer down;

1. to announce.

2. to promise: passive ᾧ ἐπήγγελται, to whom the promise hath been made, Galatians 3:19.

Middle to announce concerning oneself; i. e.:

1. to announce that one is about to do or to furnish something, i. e. to promise (of one's own accord), to engage (voluntarily): ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος, Hebrews 10:23; Hebrews 11:11; ἐπήγγελται, he hath promised, followed by λέγων, Hebrews 12:26; τινί, to give a promise to one, Hebrews 6:13; τί, Romans 4:21; Titus 1:2; τινί τι, James 1:12; James 2:5; 2 Peter 2:19; ἐπαγγελίαν, to give a promise, 1 John 2:25 (Esther 4:7; [cf. Winers Grammar, 225 (211); Buttmann, 148 (129)]); followed by the infinitive [cf. Winer's Grammar § 44, 7 c.]: Mark 14:11; Acts 7:5.

2. to profess; τί, e. g. an art, to profess oneself skilled in it (τὴν ἀρετήν, Xenophon, mem. 1, 2, 7; τὴν στρατιάν, Hell. 3, 4, 3; σοφίαν, Diogenes Laërtius prooem. 12; σωφροσύνην, Clement of Alexandria, paedag. 3, 4, p. 299, 27 edition Klotz; [cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, 5]): θεοσέβειαν, 1 Timothy 2:10; γνῶσιν, 1 Timothy 6:21. [Compare: προεπαγγέλλω.]

ἐπάγγελμα

(1862) ἐπάγγελμα, -τος, τό, (ἐπαγγέλλω), a promise: 2 Peter 1:4; 2 Peter 3:13. (Demosthenes, Isocrates, others.)

ἐπάγω

(1863) ἐπάγω, [present participle ἐπάγων]; 1 aorist participle ἐπάξας (Winers Grammar, p. 82 (78); [Veitch, under the word ἄγω]); 2 aorist infinitive ἐπαγαγεῖν; from Homer down; Sept. chiefly for הֵבִיא; to lead or bring upon: τινί τι, to bring a thing on one, i. e. to cause something to befall one, usually something evil, 2 Peter 2:1, 2 Peter 2:5 (πῆμα, Hesiod Works, 240; ἄταν, Sophocles Ajax 1189; γῆρας νόσους ἐπάγει, Plato, Tim. 33 a.; ἑαυτοῖς δουλείαν, Demosthenes, p. 424, 9; δεινά, Palaephatus 6, 7; κακά, Baruch 4:29; ἀμέτρητον ὕδωρ, 3 Macc. 2:4, and in other examples; in the Sept. ἐπί τινά τι, as κακά, Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 11:11, etc.; πληγήν, Exodus 11:1; also in a good sense, as ἀγαθά, Jeremiah 39:42 (Jeremiah 32:42); τινὶ εὐφροσύνην, Baruch 4:29). ἐπάγειν τὸ αἷμά τινος ἐπί τινα, to bring the blood of one upon anyone, i. e. lay upon one the guilt of, make him answerable for, the violent death inflicted on another: Acts 5:28, (like ἐπάγειν ἁμαρτίαν ἐπί τινα, Genesis 20:9; Exodus 32:21, Exodus 32:34; ἁμαρτίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα, Exodus 34:7).

ἐπαγωνίζομαι

(1864) ἐπαγωνίζομαι; to contend: τινί, for a thing, Jude 1:3. (τῷ Ἀννίβα, against Hannibal, Plutarch, Fab. 23, 2; ταῖς νίκαις, added a new contest to his victories, id. Cim. 13, 4; by others in different senses.)

ἐπαθροίζω

(1865) ἐπαθροίζω: [present passive participle ἐπαθροιζόμενος]; to gather together (to others already present): passive in Luke 11:29. (Plutarch, Anton. 44, 1.)

Ἐπαίνετος

(1866) Ἐπαίνετος [so Winers Grammar § 6, 1 50 (cf. Chandler § 325); Ἐπαινετός Rec.^st T; see Tdf. Proleg., p. 103; Lipsius, Gram. Unters., p. 30f; Roehl, Inscriptions index 3], (ἐπαινέω), -ου, ὁ, Epænetus, the name of a Christian mentioned in Romans 16:5.

ἐπαινέω

(1867) ἐπαινέω, -ῶ; future ἐπαινέσω (1 Corinthians 11:22, for the more common ἐπαινέσομαι, cf. Winers Grammar, 86 (82); [Buttmann, 53 (46)]; L text Tr marginal reading ἐπαινῶ); 1 aorist ἐπῄνεσα; (ἔπαινος); from Homer down; Sept. for הִלֵּל and שִׁבַּח; to approve, to praise (with the ἐπί cf. German be- in beloben [Passow, under the word ἐπί, IV. C. 3 cc.]): τινά, Romans 15:11; 1 Corinthians 11:22; τινά, followed by ὅτι [cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 9 b.], Luke 16:8; 1 Corinthians 11:2; absolute, followed by ὅτι, 1 Corinthians 11:17.

ἔπαινος

(1868) ἔπαινος, -ου, ὁ, (ἐπί and αἶνος [as it were, a tale for another; cf. Buttmann Lexil. § 83, 4; Schmidt, chapter 155]); approbation, commendation, praise: Philippians 4:8; ἔκ τινος, bestowed by one, Romans 2:29; ἔπαινον ἔχειν ἔκ τινος, genitive of person, Romans 13:3; ὁ ἔπαινος γενήσεται ἑκάστῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 4:5; with the genitive of the person to whom the praise is given, Romans 2:29; 2 Corinthians 8:18; εἰς ἔπαινον, to the obtaining of praise, 1 Peter 1:7; εἰς ἔπαινόν τινος, that a person or thing may be praised, Ephesians 1:6, Ephesians 1:14; Philippians 1:11; [πέμπεσθαι εἰς ἔπ. τινος, 1 Peter 2:14]; εἶναι εἰς ἔπαινόν τινος to be a praise to a person or thing, Ephesians 1:12.

ἐπαίρω

(1869) ἐπαίρω; 1 aorist ἐπῆρα, participle ἐπάρας, imperative 2 person plural ἐπάρατε, infinitive ἐπᾶραι; perfect ἐπῆρκα (John 13:18 Tdf. ); [passive and middle, present ἐπαίρομαι]; 1 aorist passive ἐπήρθην; (on the omission of the iota subscript, see αἴρω at the beginning); from Herodotus down; Sept. chiefly for נָשָׂא, also for הֵרִים; to lift up, raise up, raise on high: τὸν ἀρτέμονα, to hoist up, Acts 27:40 (τὰ ἱστία, Plutarch, mor., p. 870 [de Herod. malign. § 39]); τὰς χεῖρας, in offering prayer, 1 Timothy 2:8 (Nehemiah 8:6; Psalms 133:2 (Psalms 134:2)); in blessing, Luke 24:50 [cf. Winer's Grammar § 65, 4 c.] (Leviticus 9:22 [yet here ἐξάρας]; Sir. 50:20); τὰς κεφαλάς, of the timid and sorrowful recovering spirit, Luke 21:28 (so αὐχένα, Philo de secular § 20); τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, to look up, Matthew 17:8; Luke 16:23; John 4:35; John 6:5; εἴς τινα, Luke 6:20; εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, Luke 18:13; John 17:1; τὴν φωνήν, Luke 11:27; Acts 2:14; Acts 14:11; Acts 22:22, (Demosthenes 449, 13; Sept. Judges 2:4; Judges 9:7; 2 Samuel 13:36); τὴν πτέρναν ἐπί τινα, to lift the heel against one (see πτέρνα ), John 13:18. Passive ἐπήρθη, was taken up (of Christ, taken up into heaven), Acts 1:9; reflexively and metaphorically, to be lifted up with pride, to exalt oneself: 2 Corinthians 11:20 (Jeremiah 13:15; Psalms 46:10 (Psalms 47:10); Sir. 11:4; Sir. 35:1 (Sir. 32:1); 1 Macc. 1:3 1 Macc. 2:63; Aristophanes nub. 810; Thucydides 4, 18; Aeschines 87, 24; with the dative of the thing of which one is proud, Proverbs 3:5; Zephaniah 1:11; Herodotus 9, 49; Thucydides 1, 120; Xenophon, Cyril 8, 5, 24); — on 2 Corinthians 10:5 see ὕψωμα .

ἐπαισχύνομαι

(1870) ἐπαισχύνομαι; future ἐπαισχυνθήσομαι; 1 aorist ἐπῃσχύνθην, and with neglect of augment ἐπαισχύνθην (2 Timothy 1:16 L T Tr WH; cf. [WHs Appendix, p. 161]; Buttmann, 34 (30); [Winers Grammar § 12 at the end]); from Aeschylus down; to be ashamed (ἐπί on account of [cf. Isaiah 1:29 Alex. ; Ellicott on 2 Timothy 1:8]; see αἰσχύνω ): absolutely, 2 Timothy 1:12; τινά [on the accusative, cf. Winer's Grammar § 32, 1 b. α.; Buttmann 192 (166)], of a person, Mark 8:38; Luke 9:26; τί, of a thing, Romans 1:16; 2 Timothy 1:8, 2 Timothy 1:16; ἐπί τινι, the dative of a thing, Romans 6:21; followed by the infinitive Hebrews 2:11; with the accusative of a person and the infinitive of a thing, Hebrews 11:16. (Twice in the Sept. : Isaiah 1:29 [Alex. ]; Job 34:19.)

ἐπαιτέω

(1871) ἐπαιτέω, -ῶ;

1. to ask besides, ask for more: Homer, Iliad 23, 593.

2. to ask again and again, importunately: Sophocles Oed. Tyr. 1416; to beg, to ask alms: Luke 16:3; [Luke 18:35 L T Tr WH]; (Psalms 108:10 (Psalms 109:10); Sir. 40:28; Sophocles Oed. Col. 1364).

ἐπακολουθέω

(1872) ἐπακολουθέω, -ῶ; 1 aorist ἐπηκολούθησα; to follow (close) upon, follow after; in the N. T. only metaphorically, τοῖς ἴχνεσί τινος, to tread in one's footsteps, i. e. to imitate his example, 1 Peter 2:21; with the dative of a person 1 Timothy 5:24 (opposed to προάγω, to go before; the meaning is, 'the sins of some men are manifest now, even before they are called to account, but the misdeeds of others are exposed when finally judgment is held'; cf. Huther [or Ellicott] at the passage); ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ, to be devoted to good works, 1 Timothy 5:10; used, with the dative of the person to be mentally supplied, of the miracles accompanying the preaching of Christ's ministers, Mark 16:20. (Aristophanes, Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato, and following; occasionally in the Sept .)

ἐπακούω

(1873) ἐπακούω: 1 aorist ἐπήκουσά; from Homer down; Sept. often for עָנָה and שָׁמַע;

1. to give ear to, listen to; to perceive by the ear.

2. to listen to i. e. hear with favor, grant one's prayer, (Aeschylus choëph. 725; τῶν εὐχῶν, Lucian, Tim. 34): τινός, to hearken to one, 2 Corinthians 6:2 from Isaiah 49:8; often so in the Sept.

ἐπακροάομαι

(1874) ἐπακροάομαι, -ῶμαι: 3 person plural imperfect ἐπηκροῶντο; to listen to: with the genitive of a person Acts 16:25. (Comicus Plato in Bekker anecd., p. 360; Lucian, Icarom. 1; Test. 12 Patr., p. 710, test. Jos. § 8.)

ἐπάν

(1875) ἐπάν, conjunction (from ἐπεί and ἄν), after, when: with the subjunctive present Luke 11:34; with the subjunctive aorist, answering to the Latin future exact. (future perfect), Matthew 2:8; Luke 11:22. Cf. Klotz ad Devar. 2:2, p. 547.

ἐπάναγκες

(1876) ἐπάναγκες, (ἀνάγκη, [hence, literally on compulsion]), necessarily: πλὴν τῶν ἐπάναγκες τούτων, besides these things which are necessarily imposed, Acts 15:28 [Buttmann, 27 (24)]. (Herodotus, Andocides, Plato, Demosthenes, Aristotle, Dionysius Halicarnassus, Plutarch, Aelian, Epictetus.)

ἐπανάγω

(1877) ἐπανάγω; 2 aorist infinitive ἐπαναγαγεῖν, imperative ἐπανάγαγε, [participle ἐπαναγαγών, Matthew 21:18 T WH text Tr marginal reading];

1. literally, to lead up upon, namely, τὸ πλοῖον, a ship upon the deep, i. e. to put out, Luke 5:3 (Xenophon, Hell. 6, 2, 28; 2 Macc. 12:4); with εἰς τὸ βάθος added, into the deep, Luke 5:4.

2. to lead back; intransitive, to return [cf. Buttmann, 144 (126)]: Matthew 21:18; (2 Macc. 9:21; Xenophon, Cyril 4, 1, 3; Polybius, Diodorus, Josephus, Herodian, others).

ἐπαναμιμνῄσκω

(1878) ἐπαναμιμνῄσκω; to recall to mind again: τινά, reminding one, Romans 15:15. (Rare; Plato, legg. 3, p. 688 a.; Demosthenes 74, (7) 9; [Aristotle].)

ἐπαναπαύομαι

(1879) ἐπαναπαύω:

1. to cause to rest upon anything: Sept. in Judges 16:26 according to Alex. manuscript; Gregory of Nyssa.

2. Middle, [present ἐπαναπαύομαι]; future ἐπαναπαύσομαι, and (Luke 10:6 T WH after manuscripts א B) ἐπαναπαήσομαι (see ἀναπαύω ); to rest upon anything: τινί, metaphorically, τῷ νόμῳ, to lean upon, trust to, Romans 2:17 (Micah 3:11; 1 Macc. 8:12). to settle upon, fix its abode upon; ἐπί τινα, with the included idea of antecedent motion towards (see εἰς , C. 2, p. 186^a): ἡ εἰρήνη ἐπ’ αὐτόν i. e. shall rest, remain, upon him or it, Luke 10:6 (τὸ πνεῦμα ἐπί τινα, Numbers 11:25; 2 Kings 2:15; ἐπί τινι, Numbers 11:26 variant).

ἐπανέρχομαι

(1880) ἐπανέρχομαι; 2 aorist ἐπανῆλθον; to return, come back again: Luke 10:35; Luke 19:15. (Herodotus; frequent in Attic writings.)

ἐπανίστημι

(1881) ἐπανίστημι: future middle ἐπαναστήσομαι; to cause to rise up against, to raise up against; middle to rise up against (Herodotus, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Polybius, others): ἐπί τινα, Matthew 10:21; Mark 13:12, as in Deuteronomy 19:11; Deuteronomy 22:26; Micah 7:6.

ἐπανόρθωσις

(1882) ἐπανόρθωσις, -εως, ἡ, (ἐπανορθόω), restoration to an upright or a right state; correction, improvement (in Greek writings from Demosthenes down): of life and character, 2 Timothy 3:16 [cf. τὸν θεὸν... χρόνον γε πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν (αὐτοῖς) προσιζάνειν, Plutarch, de sera num. vind. 6]; with τοῦ βίου added, Polybius 1, 35, 1; Epictetus diss. 3, 21, 15; σεαυτοῦ, id. ench. 51, 1; [ἠθικὴ δὲ τὰ πρὸς ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπανόρθωσιν ἠθῶν, Philo de ebriet. § 22; cf. de confus. lingg. § 36 at the end]; (cf. ἐπανορθοῦν καὶ εἰς μετάνοιαν ἀπάγειν, Josephus, Antiquities 4, 6, 10).

ἐπάνω

(1883) ἐπάνω, adverb, (ἐπί and ἄνω [cf. Winers Grammar, 102 (97); Buttmann, 319 (273)]), Herodotus and following; often in the Sept. ; above;

1. adverbially,

a. of place: Luke 11:44;

b. of number; beyond, more than: πραθῆναι ἐπάνω τριακοσίων δηναρίων, sold for more than three hundred denaries, Mark 14:5; ὤφθη ἐπάνω πεντακοσίοις ἀδελφοῖς, by more than five hundred brethren, 1 Corinthians 15:6; cf. Winers Grammar § 37, 5; [Buttmann, 168 (146)].

2. as a preposition it is joined with the genitive [Winer's Grammar § 54, 6],

a. of place: Matthew 2:9; Matthew 5:14; Matthew 21:7 R G; Matthew 23:18, Matthew 23:20, [Matthew 23:22]; Matthew 27:37; Matthew 28:2; Luke 4:39; [Luke 10:19]; Revelation 6:8 [WH brackets the genitive]; Revelation 20:3, [Revelation 20:11 Tr text].

b. of dignity and power: ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπάνω τινός, Luke 19:17, [Luke 19:19]; ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστί, John 3:31^a [John 3:31^b (but here G T WH marginal reading omits the clause)].

ἐπαρκέω

(1884) ἐπαρκέω, -ῶ; 1 aorist [ἐπήρκεσα], subjunctive ἐπαρκέσω; properly, to avail or be strong enough for... (see ἀρκέω ); hence,

a. to ward off or drive away, τί τινι, a thing for another's advantage equivalent to a thing from anyone (Homer), to defend.

b. to aid, give assistance, relieve, (Herodotus, Aeschylus, others): τινί, 1 Timothy 5:10; middle, to give aid from one's own resources, 1 Timothy 5:16 according to the reading ἐπαρκείσθω (L text T Tr WH marginal reading) for ἐπαρκείτω (R G L marginal reading WH text); (κατὰ δύναμιν ἀλλήλοις ἐπαρκεῖν, Xenophon, mem. 2, 7, 1).

ἐπαρχεία

(1885) ἐπαρχία [-χεία T WH (see ει, ι)], -ας, ἡ, (from ἔπαρχος i. e. ὁ ἐπ’ ἀρχῇ ὤν the one in command, prefect, governor), prefecture; i. e.

1. the office of ἔπαρχος or prefect.

2. the region subject to a prefect; a province of the Roman empire, either a larger province, or an appendage to a larger province, as Palestine was to that of Syria [cf. Schürer, Zeitgesch. p. 144ff.]: Acts 23:34; Acts 25:1 [see the preceding word]; (Polybius, Diodorus, Plutarch, Dio Cassius). Cf. Krebs, Observationes etc. p. 256ff; Fischer, De vitiis Lexx. N. T. p. 432ff; [BB. DD. (esp. Kitto) under the word Province].

Related entry: ἐπάρχειος, -ον, belonging to an ἔπαρχος or prefect; ἡ ἐπάρχειος namely, ἐξουσία, equivalent to ἡ ἐπαρχίᾳ (see the following word), a perfecture, province: Acts 25:1 T WH marginal reading. So ἡ ἐπαρχιος, Eusebius, h. e. 2, 10, 3 (with the variant ἐπάρχειον); 2, 26, 2; 3, 33, 3; de mart. Pal. 8, 1; 13, 11.

ἔπαυλις

(1886) ἔπαυλις, -εως, ἡ, (ἐπί and αὖλις tent, place to pass the night in; hence, a country-house, cottage, cabin, fold), a farm; a dwelling [A. V. habitation]: Acts 1:20 from Psalms 68:26 (Psalms 69:26). (Diodorus, Plutarch, others; also a camp, military quarters, Plato, Polybius)

ἐπαύριον

(1887) ἐπαύριον, adverb of time, equivalent to ἐπ’ αὔριον, on the morrow; in the N. T. τῇ ἐπαύριον, namely, ἡμέρᾳ, the next day, on the morrow: Matthew 27:62; Mark 11:12; John 1:29; Acts 10:9, etc.; Sept. for מִמָּחֳרָת.

αὐτόφωρος

(1888) ἐπαυτοφώρῳ, see αὐτόφωρος , p. 87^b.

Related entry: αὐτόφωρος, -ον, (αὐτός and φώρ a thief, φωρά a theft), [from Sophocles down]; properly caught in the act of theft; then universally caught in the act of perpetrating any other crime; very often in the phrases ἐπ’ αὐτοφώρῳ (as one word ἐπαυτοφώρῳ) τινὰ λαμβάνειν, passive λαμβάνεσθαι, καταλαμβάνεσθαι, ἁλίσκεσθαι, (from Herodotus 6, 72 on), the crime being specified by a participle: μοιχευομένη, John 8:4 [R G], as in Aelian Nat. an. 11,15; Plutarch, mor. 6 p. 446 Tauchn. edition [10 p. 723 Reiske edition, cf. Nicias 4, 5; Eumen. 2, 2]; Sext. Empir. adv. Rhet. 65 [p. 151 Fabric. edition].

Ἐπαφρᾶς

(1889) Ἐπαφρᾶς, -ᾶ [Buttmann, 20 (17f)], ὁ, Epaphras, a Christian man mentioned in Colossians 1:7; Colossians 4:12; Philemon 1:23. The conjecture of some that the name is contracted from Ἐπαφρόδιτος (which see [cf. Winers Grammar, 103 (97)]) and hence, that these two names belong to one and the same man, is not probable; [see B. D. American edition under the word Epaphras; Bp. Lightfoot's Commentary on Philippians, p. 61, note ⁴]. The name is common in inscriptions.

ἐπαφρίζω

(1890) ἐπαφρίζω; to foam up (Mosch. 5, 5); to cast out as foam, foam out: τί, Jude 1:13 calls the godless and graceless set of whom he speaks κύματα ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, i. e. (dropping the figure) impelled by their restless passions, they unblushingly exhibit, in word and deed, their base and abandoned spirit; cf. Isaiah 57:20.

Ἐπαφρόδιτος

(1891) Ἐπαφρόδιτος, -ου, ὁ, (from Ἀφροδίτη, properly, 'charming'), Epaphroditus, an associate with Paul in the ministry: Philippians 2:25; Philippians 4:18. See Ἐπαφρᾶς (Strong's 1889) above.

ἐπεγείρω

(1892) ἐπεγείρω: 1 aorist ἐπήγειρα; to raise or excite against: τὶ ἐπί τινα, Acts 13:50 (διωγμόν); κατά τινος, to stir up against one: τὰς ψυχὰς... κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν, Acts 14:2.

ἐπεί

(1893) ἐπεί, [from temporal ἐπί and εἰ, literally, thereupon when; Curtius, Erläut. etc., p. 182; cf. Etym. Magn. 356, 7], conjunction, (Latin cum ), when, since [cf. Winer's Grammar, § 53, 1]; used:

1. of time, after; so once in the N. T.: Luke 7:1 (where L T Tr text WH text ἐπειδή).

2. of cause, etc., since, seeing that, because: Matthew 18:32; [Matthew 21:46 T Tr WH]; Matthew 27:6; Mark 15:42; Luke 1:34; John 13:29; John 19:31; 1 Corinthians 14:12; 2 Corinthians 11:18; 2 Corinthians 13:3; Hebrews 5:2, Hebrews 5:11; Hebrews 6:13; Hebrews 9:17; Hebrews 11:11; ἐπεὶ οὖν since then, Hebrews 2:14; Hebrews 4:6. Agreeably to a very common abbreviation of speech, we must often supply in thought between ἐπεί and the proposition depending upon it some such phrase as if it is (or were) otherwise; so that the particle, although retaining the force of since, is yet to be rendered otherwise, else, or for then (German sonst); so in Romans 11:6, Romans 11:22; Hebrews 9:26; ἐπεὶ ἄρα, 1 Corinthians 5:10; 1 Corinthians 7:14, [cf. Winer's Grammar § 53, 8 a.]; ἐπεί alone before a question [cf. Winers Grammar 480 (447); Buttmann, 233 (200)]: Romans 3:6; 1 Corinthians 14:16; 1 Corinthians 15:29; Hebrews 10:2; (4 Macc. 1:33; 2:7, 19; 6:34 (4 Macc. 6:35); 4 Macc. 7:21; 8:8). Cf. Matthiae § 618; [Buttmann § 149, 5].

ἐπειδή

(1894) ἐπειδή, conjunction, (from ἐπεί and δή), Latin cum jam , when now, since now, [cf. Winer's Grammar 434 (404), 448 (417); Ellicott on Philippians 2:26];

1. of time; when now, after that; so once in the N. T.: Luke 7:1 L T Tr text WH text.

2. of cause; since, seeing that, forasmuch as: Matthew 21:46 [R G L]; Luke 11:6; Acts 13:46; Acts 14:12; Acts 15:24; 1 Corinthians 1:21, 1 Corinthians 1:22; 1 Corinthians 14:16; 1 Corinthians 15:21; [2 Corinthians 5:4 Rec.^st ]; Philippians 2:26.

ἐπειδήπερ

(1895) ἐπειδήπερ [ἐπειδή περ Lachmann], conjunction, (from ἐπεί, δή and πέρ), seeing that, forasmuch as; Itala and Vulg. quoniam quidem , since now, [cf. Winer's Grammar 448 (417)]: Luke 1:1. (Aristotle, phys. 8, 5 [p. 256^b, 25]; Dionysius Halicarnassus 2, 72; Philo ad Gai. § 25, and Attic writings from Thucydides down.)

ἐπεῖδον

(1896) ἐπεῖδον [Tdf. 7 ἐφεῖδον]; imperative ἔπιδε (Lachmann ἔφιδε, cf. Winers Grammar § 5, 1 d. 14; Buttmann, 7; [references under the word ἀφεῖδον]; besides see εἶδω , I.); to look upon, to regard: followed by a telic infinitive, ἐπεῖδεν ἀφελεῖν τὸ ὄνειδός μου ([R. V. looked upon me to take away etc.], German hat hergeblickt ), Luke 1:25; ἐπί τι, to look upon (for the purpose of punishing, cf. Latin animadvertere ), Acts 4:29.

Related entry: ἐφεῖδον, see ἐπεῖδον.

Related entry: ἔφιδε, see ἐπεῖδον.

ἐπείπερ

(1897) ἐπείπερ, conjunction, (ἐπεί, πέρ), since indeed, since at all events; [it introduces a "known and unquestioned certainty"]: Romans 3:30 R G (but L Tr εἴ περ, T WH εἴπερ). Cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 784; [Bäumlein, p. 204; Winer's Grammar, 448 (417). From the Tragg. down.]

ἐπεισαγωγή

(1898) ἐπεισαγωγή, -ῆς, ἡ, a bringing in besides or in addition to what is or has been brought in: κρείττονος ἐλπίδος, Hebrews 7:19. (In Josephus, Antiquities 11, 6, 2 used of the introduction of a new wife in place of one repudiated; ἑτέρων ἰητρῶν, Hippocrates, p. 27 [vol. 1, p. 81, Kühn edition]; προσώπων, of characters in a play, Dionysius Halicarnassus, scr. cens. 2, 10; in the plural of places for letting in the enemy, Thucydides 8, 92.)

ἔπειτα

(1899) ἔπειτα, adverb, (ἐπί, εἶτα), thereupon, thereafter, then, afterward; used

a. of time: Mark 7:5 R G; Luke 16:7; Galatians 1:21; James 4:14; μετὰ τοῦτο is added redundantly in John 11:7 (cf. Meyer at the passage; Winers Grammar § 65, 2; [Buttmann, 397 (340)]); a more definite specification of time is added epexegetically, μετὰ ἔτη τρία, Galatians 1:18; διὰ δεκατεσσάρων ἐτῶν, Galatians 2:1.

b. in enumerations it is used

α. of time and order: πρῶτον... ἔπειτα, 1 Corinthians 15:46; 1 Thessalonians 4:17; πρότερον... ἔπειτα, Hebrews 7:27; ἀπαρχὴ... ἔπειτα, 1 Corinthians 15:23; εἶτα [but T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading ἔπειτα]... ἔπειτα, 1 Corinthians 15:5, 1 Corinthians 15:6; ἔπειτα... ἔπειτα, 1 Corinthians 15:7 L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading.

β. of order alone: πρῶτον... ἔπειτα, Hebrews 7:2; τρίτον... ἔπειτα... ἔπειτα (R G εἶτα), 1 Corinthians 12:28.

ἐπέκεινα

(1900) ἐπέκεινα (equivalent to ἐπ’ ἐκεῖνα namely, μέρη [cf. Winers Grammar § 6, 1 the passage cited at the end]), adverb, beyond: with the genitive, Βαβυλῶνος, Acts 7:43. (Often in Greek writings from Herodotus down both with and without the genitive; in the Sept. Amos 5:27; Genesis 35:16; Jeremiah 22:19.)

ἐπεκτείνομαι

(1901) ἐπεκτείνω: [present middle participle ἐπεκτεινόμενος]; to stretch out to or towards; middle, to stretch (oneself) forward to: with the dative of thing indicating the direction [Winer's Grammar § 52, 4, 7], Philippians 3:13 (Philippians 3:14), (see ἔμπροσθεν , 1 at the end).

ἐπενδύομαι

(1902) ἐπενδύω: 1 aorist middle infinitive ἐπενδύσασθαι; to put on over [A. V. to be clothed upon]: 2 Corinthians 5:2, 2 Corinthians 5:4. (Plutarch, Pelop. 11; actively, Josephus, Antiquities 5, 1, 12.)

ἐπενδύτης

(1903) ἐπενδύτης, -ου, ὁ, (ἐπενδύνω or ἐπενδύω, which see, [cf. Winers Grammar 25; 94 (90)]), an upper garment, (Tertullian superindumentum ): John 21:7, where it seems to denote a kind of linen blouse or frock which fishermen used to wear at their work. (Sophocles fragment 391 Dindorf [(248 Ahrens): Pollux 7, 45, p. 717]; Sept. twice [thrice] for מְעִיל, 1 Samuel 18:4 [Alex. ]; 2 Samuel 13:18; [add Leviticus 8:7 Alex. ].)

ἐπέρχομαι

(1904) ἐπέρχομαι; future ἐπελεύσομαι; 2 aorist ἐπῆλθον (3 person plural Ἐπῆλθαν, Acts 14:19 L T Tr WH ); the Sept. chiefly for בּוא;

1. to come to, to arrive;

a. universally, followed by ἀπό with a genitive of place, Acts 14:19.

b. of time; to come on, be at hand, be future: ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσι τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις, Ephesians 2:7 (Isaiah 41:4, Isaiah 41:22, Isaiah 41:23; in Greek writings from Homer down); of that which time will bring, to impend: ἡ ταλαιπωρία ἡ ἐπερχομενη, James 5:1: τίνι, Luke 21:26 (Isaiah 63:4; also of things favorable, ἡ εὐλογία, Sir. 3:8).

2. to come upon, overtake, one; so even in Homer , as of sleep, τινα, Odyssey 4, 793; 10, 31; τίνι, 12, 311: of disease, 11, 200: ἐπί τινα,

a. of calamities: Luke 21:35 R G ; Acts 8:24; Acts 13:40 (L T Tr text WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets ἐφ' ὑμᾶς) (Genesis 42:21; Micah 3:11; Zephaniah 2:2; 2 Chronicles 20:9; Jeremiah 5:12 (here ἥξει)).

b. of the Holy Spirit, descending and operating in one: Luke 1:35; Acts 1:8.

c. of an enemy attacking one: ἐπελθών νικήσῃ αὐτόν, Luke 11:22; (Homer , Iliad 12, 136; 1 Samuel 30:23; with the dative of person Herodian , 1, 8, 12 (6 Bekker)).

ἐπερωτάω

(1905) ἐπερωτάω, ἐπερωτῶ; imperfect ἐπηρώτων; future ἐπερωτήσω; 1 aorist ἐπηρώτησα; 1 aorist passive participle ἐπερωτηθείς; the Sept. mostly for שָׁאַל, sometimes for דָּרַשׁ;

1. to accost one with an inquiry, put a question to, inquire of, ask, interrogate (ἐπί directive, uniformly in the N. T.; Meyer on Mark 11:29 (cf. ἐπί , D. 2)): τινα, Mark 9:32; Mark 12:34; Matthew 22:46; Luke 2:46; 1 Corinthians 14:35; John 18:21 R G ; τινα τί, ask one anything, Mark 7:17 L T Tr WH ; Mark 11:29; Luke 20:40; τινα περί τίνος, one about a thing, Mark 7:17 R G ; (Luke 9:45 Lachmann) (Herodotus 1, 32; Demosthenes 1072, 12); followed by λέγων with the words used by the questioner, Matthew 12:10; Matthew 17:10; Mark 9:11; Mark 12:18; Luke 3:10, Luke 3:14; Luke 20:27; Luke 23:3 (R G L ), and often in the Synoptic Gospels; followed by εἰ, whether, Mark 8:23; Mark 15:44; Luke 23:6; or some other form of the indirect question, Acts 23:34; ἐπηρώτων λέγοντες (L T Tr WH omit λέγοντες), τίς εἴη, Luke 8:9; ἐπερωτᾶν Θεόν to consult God (Numbers 23:3; Joshua 9:20 (14); Judges 1:1; Judges 18:5; Isaiah 19:3, etc.; Thucydides 1, 118 (etc.)), hence, to seek to know God's purpose and to do his will, Romans 10:20 from Isaiah 65:1.

2. by a usage foreign to the Greeks, to address one with a request or demand; to ask of or demand of one: followed by the infinitive Matthew 16:1 (so ἐπερωτᾶν τινα τί, Hebrew שָׁאַל, in Psalms 136:3 (Psalms 137:3); (this sense is disputed by some; see Zezschwitz as referred to at end of next word; cf. Weiss on Matthew, the passage cited, and see ἐρωτάω , 2)).

ἐπερώτημα

(1906) ἐπερώτημα, ἐπερωτεματος, τό (ἐπερωτάω);

1. an inquiry, a question: Herodotus 6,67; Thucydides 3, 53. 68.

2. a demand; so for the Chaldean שְׁאֵלָא in Daniel 4:14 Theod. ; see ἐπερωτάω , 2.

3. As the terms of inquiry and demand often include the idea of desire, the word thus gets the signification of earnest seeking, i. e. a craving, an intense desire (so ἐπερωτᾶν εἰς τί, to long for something, 2 Samuel 11:7 — (but surely the phrase here (like לְ שָׁאַל) means simply to ask in reference to, ask about)). If this use of the word is conceded, it affords us the easiest and most congruous explanation of that vexed passage 1 Peter 3:21: "which (baptism) now saves us (you) not because in receiving it we (ye) have put away the filth of the flesh, but because we (ye) have earnestly sought a conscience reconciled to God" (συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς genitive of the object, as opposed to σαρκός ῤύπου). It is doubtful, indeed, whether εἰς Θεόν is to be joined with ἐπερώτημα, and signifies a craving directed unto God (Winer 's Grammar, 194 (182) — yet less fully and decidedly than in edition 5, p. 216f), or with συνείδησις, and denotes the attitude of the conscience toward (in relation to) God; the latter construction is favored by a comparison of Acts 24:16 ἀπρόσκοπον συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρός τόν Θεόν. The signification of ἐπερώτημα which is approved by others, viz. stipulation, agreement, is first met with in the Byzantine writers on law: "moreover, the formula κατά τό ἐπερώτημα τῆς σεμνοτάτης βουλῆς, common in inscriptions of the age of the Antonines and the following Caesars, exhibits no new sense of the word ἐπερώτημα; for this formula does not mean 'according to the decree of the senate' (ex senatus consulto , the Greek for which is κατά τά δόξαντα τῇ βουλή), but 'after inquiry of or application to the senate,' i. e. 'with government sanction.'" Zezschwitz, Petri quoted in de Christi ad inferos descensu sententia (Lipsius 1857), p. 45; (Farrar, Early Days of Christianity, i. 138 n.; Kähler, Des Gewissen, i. 1 (Halle 1878), pp. 331-338. Others would adhere to the (more analogical) passive sense of ἐπερώτημα, viz. 'the thing asked (the demand) of a good conscience toward God' equivalent to the avowal of consecration unto him).

ἐπέχω

(1907) ἐπέχω; imperfect ἐπεῖχον; 2 aorist ἐπέσχον;

1. to have or hold upon, apply: namely, τὸν νοῦν, to observe, attend to, followed by an indirect question, Luke 14:7; τινί, dative of person, to give attention to one, Acts 3:5; 1 Timothy 4:16, (with the dative of a thing, Sir. 31:2 (Sir. 34:2); 2 Macc. 9:25; Polybius 3, 43, 2, etc.; fully ὀφθαλμόν τινι, Lucian, dial. mar. 1, 2).

2. to hold toward, hold forth, present: λόγον ζωῆς, as a light, by which illumined ye are the lights of the world, Philippians 2:16 [others besides, cf. Meyer or Ellicott at the passage].

3. to check ([cf. English hold up ], German anhalten): namely, ἐμαυτόν, to delay, stop, stay, Acts 19:22, and in Greek writings from Homer down; [cf. Winers Grammar § 38, 1; Buttmann, 144 (126); Fritzsche on Sir. 5:1].

ἐπηρεάζω

(1908) ἐπηρεάζω; (ἐπήρεια [spiteful abuse, cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 4]); to insult; to treat abusively, use despitefully; to revile: τινά, Matthew 5:44 R G; Luke 6:28, (with the dative of person, Xenophon, mem. 1, 2, 31; 3, 5, 16); in a forensic sense, to accuse falsely: with the accusative of a thing, 1 Peter 3:16. (Xenophon, Isaeus, Demosthenes, Philo, Plutarch, Lucian, Herodian; to threaten, Herodotus 6, 9 [but cf. Cope on Aristotle, as above].)

ἐπί

(1909) ἐπί (before a rough breathing ἐφ' (occasionally in manuscripts ἐπ'; see e. g. Psalms 145:3 (Psalms 146:3)), and also in some instances before a smooth breathing (as ἐφ' ἐλπίδι, Acts 2:26 L ; Romans 8:20-21Tdf. ); see ἀφειδον . It neglects elision before proper names beginning with a vowel (except Αἴγυπτον Acts 7:10, Acts 7:18) and (at least in Tdf. s text) before some other words, see the Proleg., p. 94f; cf. Winer s Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann , p. 10), a preposition (from the Sanskrit local prefix ἀρι; Curtius , § 335), joined to the genitive, the dative, and the accusative; its primary signification is upon (Latin super ; (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 374 (350) note)).

A. with the genitive (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 47, g.; Buttmann , 336 (289));

I. of place; and

1. of the place on which;

a. upon the surface of (Latin in or super with the abl., German auf with the dative); after verbs of a biding, remaining, standing, going, coming, etc.; of doing anything: ἐπί κλίνης, Matthew 9:2; Luke 17:34; ἐπί τοῦ δώματος, Matthew 24:17; Luke 17:31; ἐπ' ἐρημίας (cf. on a desert), Mark 8:4; ἐπί τῶν νεφελῶν, Matthew 24:30; Matthew 26:64; ἐπί (τῆς) γῆς, Matthew 6:10; Matthew 9:6; Matthew 23:9; Matthew 28:18; Luke 21:25; Acts 2:19, and very often; ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης, on (the surface of) the sea, Matthew 14:25 R G ; 26 L T Tr WH ; Mark 6:48 (49); Revelation 5:13, and, according to the interpretations of many, John 6:19; but cf. Baumg.-Crusius at the passage (per contra, cf. Lücke at the passage; Meyer on Matthew, the passage cited) (Job 9:8; βαδίζειν ἐφ' ὕδατος, Lcian. philops. 13; ἐπί τοῦ πελαγους διαθεοντες, v. h. 2, 4; (Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 3, 16); on a different sense of the phrase ἐπί γῆς θαλάσσης see 2 a. below (Winer 's Grammar, 374 (351))); ποιεῖν σημεῖα ἐπί τῶν ἀσθενούντων, to be seen upon the bodies of men, externally, (on the sick (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 375 (351))), John 6:2; ἐκάθισα and κάθημαι (καθέζομαι) ἐπί, Matthew 19:28; Matthew 23:2; Matthew 24:3; Matthew 25:31; Matthew 27:19; John 19:13; Acts 20:9; Revelation 9:17, etc.; ἔστην, ἕστηκα ἐπί, Luke 6:17; Acts 21:40; Revelation 10:5, Revelation 10:8; where parts of the body are spoken of: ἐπί χειρῶν, Matthew 4:6; Luke 4:11; ἐπί τῆς κεφαλῆς, John 20:7; 1 Corinthians 11:10; Revelation 10:1 R G (others, accusative); Revelation 12:1; σινδόνα ἐπί γυμνοῦ, Mark 14:51; ἐπί τοῦ μετώπου (or μετώπων), Revelation 7:3; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 13:16 (Rec. , others, accusative); Revelation 14:9.

b. Like the preposition ἐν (see the exposition under the word ἐν, I. 7, p. 212{a}), so also ἐπί with the genitive is used after verbs expressing motion to indicate the rest following the motion; thus after βάλλειν, Mark 4:26; Matthew 26:12; σπείρειν, Mark 4:31; τιθέναι, John 19:19; Acts 5:15; (Luke 8:16 L T Tr WH ); ἐπιτιθεναι, Luke 8:16 (R G ); καθιεναι, Acts 10:11; πίπτειν, Mark 9:20; Mark 14:35; ἐπιγράφειν, Hebrews 10:16 R G ; ἑλκύειν, John 21:11 R G ; ἔρχεσθαι, Hebrews 6:7; Revelation 3:10; (anatellein], Luke 12:54 T Tr marginal reading WH ); γενόμενος ἐπί τοῦ τόπου (cf. our having arrived on the spot), Luke 22:40 (cf. Winer 's Grammar, p. 376 (352) and see below, C. I. 1 b. at the end). κρεμαν τινα ἐπί (Hebrew עַל תָּלָה, Genesis 40:19; Deuteronomy 21:22, etc.), for which the Latin has suspendere ex , de , a , and alicui , Acts 5:30; Acts 10:39; Galatians 3:13.

c. figuratively used of that upon which anything rests (like our upon) (cf. Winer s Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann , 336 (289); Ellicott on 1 Timothy as below): ἵνα σταθῇ ἐπί στόματος etc. (עַל־פִּי יָקוּם, Deuteronomy 19:15), resting on the declaration, etc., Matthew 18:16; 2 Corinthians 13:1; more simply ἐπί μαρτύρων, 1 Timothy 5:19; in the adverb phrase ἐπ' ἀληθείας (on the ground of truth), see ἀλήθεια , I. 1. (c. akin is its use (with a personal or a reflexive pronoun) to denote dependence, as in λογιζέσθω ἐφ' (others ἀφ' which see II. 2 d. aa.) ἑαυτοῦ, 2 Corinthians 10:7 T Tr WH (for himself, i. e. apart from and independently of others; R. V. with himself); cf. Kühner, 2:432; Liddell and Scott, under the word A. I. 1 d.)

d. figuratively used of things, affairs, persons, which one is set over, over which he exercises power; Latin supra , our over (cf. below, B. 2 b. and C. I. 2 e.): ἐπί πάντων, Romans 9:5; Ephesians 4:6 (where ἐπί, διά and ἐν are distinguished); καθίστημι τινα ἐπί τίνος, Matthew 24:45; Matthew 25:21, Matthew 25:23; Luke 12:42; Acts 6:3 (Genesis 39:4, Genesis 39:5; Genesis 1:1-31 Macc. 6:14 1 Macc. 10:37, etc.; Plato , rep. 5, p. 460 b., etc.); δίδωμι τίνι ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, Revelation 2:26; ἔχω ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, Revelation 20:6; βασιλεύειν ἐπί τίνος, Matthew 2:22 R G Tr brackets; Revelation 5:10; ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ βασιλέα, Revelation 9:11; ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐπί τῶν βασιλέων, Revelation 17:18; ὅς ἦν ἐπ' τῆς γάζης, who was over the treasury, Acts 8:27; ὁ ἐπί τοῦ κοιτῶνος, he who presided over the bedchamber, the chamberlain, Acts 12:20 (Passow , i., 2, p. 1035a gives many examples from Greek authors (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word A. III. 1; Lob. ad Phryn. , p. 474; Sophocles Lexicon, under the word); for examples from the O. T. Apocrypha see Wahl, Clavis Apocr., p. 218a).

e. of that to which the mental act looks or refers: λέγειν ἐπί τίνος, to speak upon (of) a thing, Galatians 3:16 (Plato , Charm., p. 155 d.; legg. 2, p. 662 d.; Aelian v. h. 1, 30; scribere super re , Cicero , ad Att. 16, 6; disserere super , Tacitus , ann. 6, 28; cf. Winer s Grammar, 375 (351); (Buttmann , 336 (289))).

f. of one on whom an obligation has been laid: εὐχήν ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ, have (taken) on themselves a vow, have bound themselves by a vow, Acts 21:23 (WH text ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν (see ἀπό , II. 2 d. aa.)).

2. used of vicinity, i. e. of the place at, near, hard by, which (German bei, an );

a. properly, κόλπος ὁ ἐπί ποσιδηιου, Herodotus 7, 115; ἐπί τῶν θυρῶν (Acts 5:23 L T Tr WH ) (1 Macc. 1:55; (Plutarch , G. Gracch. 14, 3, p. 841 c.)); cf. Matthiae , ii., p. 1366 § 584; Passow , under the word, p. 1034b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, I. 1 a., at the end). But the examples of this signification adduced from the N. T. (with the exception of Acts, the passage cited) (and most of those from Greek authors also) are such as to allow the rendering of ἐπί by super also, over or above (so Winer 's Grammar, 374f (351)): ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης at the sea, upon the shore, or above the sea, for the shore overhung the sea, John 6:19 (?(cf. 1 a. above)); John 21:1 (Exodus 14:2; Deuteronomy 1:40; Deuteronomy 1:1-46 Macc. 14:34 1 Macc. 15:11; Polybius 1, 44, 4; cf. the French Boulogne sur mer , Chalons sur Marne (English Stratford on Avon), etc.; ἐπί τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ezekiel 1:1; (Xenophon , an. 4, 3, 28); ἐπί τοῦ Ιορδάνου, 2 Kings 2:7); ἐσθίειν ἐπί τῆς τραπέζης τίνος (German über Jemands Tische essen (cf. English over one's food, over one's cups, etc.)), food and drink placed upon the table, Luke 22:30 cf. Luke 22:21; συκῆν ἐπί τῆς ὁδοῦ, a fig tree above (i. e. higher than) the way, Matthew 21:19.

b. before, with the genitive of a person, in the presence of one as spectator, or auditor (Winer s Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann , 336 (289)): Matthew 28:14 (L Tr WH marginal reading ὑπό); Mark 13:9; Acts 24:19, Acts 24:20; Acts 25:9; Acts 26:2; 1 Corinthians 6:1, 1 Corinthians 6:6; 2 Corinthians 7:14; 1 Timothy 6:13 (some bring this under II. below; see μαρτυρέω ); ἐπί τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος, Acts 25:10.

c. ἐπί τοῦ (Rec. τῆς) βάτου at the bush, i. e. at the place in the sacred volume where the bush is spoken of, Mark 12:26 (see ἐν , I. 1 d.).

II. of Time when; with the genitive of a person in the time or age of a man ("in the days of"); at the time when an office was held by one; under the administration of (cf. Winer s Grammar, 375 (352); Buttmann , 336 (289)): Mark 2:26; Luke 3:2; Luke 4:2; Acts 11:28; (1 Macc. 13:42 1 Macc. 14:27 (for other examples in which this phrase is equivalent to "in or of the reign etc. of," and is preceded by a specification of the year etc., see B. D. American edition, p. 651 note{b}); 2 Macc. 8:19 2Macc. 15:22; for numerous examples from Greek writings see Passow , i., 2, p. 1035, floss fully in Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. II.)). with the genitive of a tiring, at the time of any occurrence: ἐπί τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, at the time of the deportation to Babylon, Matthew 1:11; (on Luke 12:54 T Tr marginal reading WH see δυσμή ); of the time when any occupation is (or was) carried on: ἐπί τῶν προσευχῶν μου, Latin in precibus meis, at my prayers, when I am praying, Romans 1:10 (9); Ephesians 1:16; 1 Thessalonians 1:2; Philemon 1:4. of time itself, ἐπ' ἐσχάτων and (according to another reading) ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν (literally, at the end of the days): 2 Peter 3:3; Hebrews 1:2 (1) (for the Hebrew הַיָמִים בְּאַחֲרִית, Genesis 49:1; Numbers 24:14; Jeremiah 37:24 (Jeremiah 30:24); Micah 4:1; Daniel 10:14); ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου, Jude 1:18 L T Tr WH ; (τῶν χρόνων, 1 Peter 1:20 L T Tr WH ).

B. with the dative, used of place (Winer s Grammar, 392f (366f); Buttmann , 336f (289f)); and

1. properly;

a. of the place where or in which (Latin in with the abl., German auf with the dative) (English on, etc.), where continuance, position, situation, etc., are spoken of: ἐφ' ᾧ (L text T Tr WH ὅπου) κατέκειτο, Mark 2:4; λίθος ἐπί λίθῳ (λίθον T Tr WH ), Mark 13:2; ἐπί πίνακι, Matthew 14:8, Matthew 14:11; Mark 6:25; ἐπί τοῦ κραββάτοις, Mark 6:55; ἀνακλῖναι πάντας ἐπί τῷ χόρτῳ, Mark 6:39; ἐπέκειτο ἐπ' αὐτῷ, lay upon it, John 11:38; ἐφ' ἵπποις, Revelation 19:14.

b. of the place in which (Latin in with the abl., German auf with the accusative), after verbs expressing motion toward a place, to denote a remaining in the place after the motion (English upon, at, etc.): βάλλειν λίθον ἐπιτινι, the dative of person, John 8:7 Rec. ; οἰκοδομεῖν, Matthew 16:18; ἐποικοδόμειν, Ephesians 2:20; ἐπιβάλλειν, Matthew 9:16 (Luke 5:36 ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τί); ἐπιρράπτειν, Mark 2:21 (where L T Tr WH have ἐπί with the accusative); ἐπιπίπτειν, Acts 8:16.

c. of the place above which (Latin super , German über (English over)): ἐπ' αὐτῷ, over his head, Luke 23:38 (for which Matthew 27:37 ἐπάνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).

d. of the place at, or by, or near which: ἐπί θύραις and ἐπί τῇ θύρα, Matthew 24:33; Mark 13:29; Acts 5:9 (and often in Greek writings; cf. Passow , under the word, p. 1037a; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 a.; cf. A. I. 2 a. above)); ἐπί τῇ προβατικῇ, John 5:2; ἐπί τῷ ποταμῷ, Revelation 9:14; ἐπί τῇ στοά, Acts 3:11; ἐπ' (L T Tr WH παῥ) αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι, Acts 28:14.

2. Metaphorically;

a. of that upon which any action, effect, condition, rests as a basis or support; properly, upon the ground of; and

α. of that upon which anything is sustained or upheld: ζῆν ἐπί τίνι, to sustain life on (by) a thing, Matthew 4:4 (where L Tr , the second time, ἐν; (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 389 (364) note)); Luke 4:4 (Deuteronomy 8:3 for עַל חָיָה; Plato , Alcib. 1, p. 105 c.; Plutarch , de cup. divit. 7, p. 526 d.; Alciphron , epistles 3, 7, etc.); συνιέναι ἐπί τοῖς ἄρτοις, to understand by reasoning built upon the loaves, Mark 6:52 (cf. Winer s Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann , 337 (290)).

β. of that upon which anything rests (our upon): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι (see in ἐλπίς , 2), supported by hope, in hope (cf; Winer 's Grammar, § 51, 2f.), Acts 2:26; Romans 4:18; 1 Corinthians 9:10 (differently in ε. below); to do anything ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, relying upon the name i. e. the authority of anyone (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 393 (367)): ἐλεύσονται ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, appropriating to themselves the name of Messiah, which belongs to me, Matthew 24:5; Mark 13:6; Luke 21:8 (in which passage λέγοντες, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ Χριστός is added by way of explanation); βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπί (L Tr WH ἐν) τῷ ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ, so as to repose your hope and confidence in his Messianic authority, Acts 2:38; δέχεσθαι τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, to receive one because he bears my name, is devoted to my authority and instruction, Matthew 18:5; Mark 9:37; Luke 9:48. to do anything upon the name of Christ, his name being introduced, appeal being made to his authority and command: as κηρύσσειν, διδάσκειν, etc., Luke 24:47; Acts 4:17, Acts 4:18; Acts 5:28, Acts 5:40; δύναμιν ποιεῖν, δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλειν, using his name as a formula of exorcism (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 393 (367)), Mark 9:39; Luke 9:49 (WH Tr marginal reading ἐν).

γ. of that upon which as a foundation any superstructure is reared: νομοθετεῖσθαι, Hebrews 7:11 (ἐπ' αὐτῇ, for which L T Tr WH have ἐπ' αὐτῆς); Hebrews 8:6; after verbs of trusting, believing, hoping, etc.: ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐπί τίνι, 3 John 1:10; παρρησιάζεσθαι, Acts 14:3; πεποιθέναι, Matthew 27:43 L text WH marginal reading; Luke 11:22; Luke 18:9; Mark 10:24 (T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets the clause); 2 Corinthians 1:9; Hebrews 2:13; πιστεύειν, Luke 24:25; Romans 9:33; Romans 10:11, etc.; ἐλπίζειν (see ἐλπίζω ) (cf. C. I. 2 g. α. below).

δ. of the reason or motive underlying words and deeds, so that ἐπί is equivalent to for, on account of (Winer s Grammar, 394 (368); Buttmann , 337 (290)): Matthew 19:9 R G T Tr WH text; Luke 5:5 (ἐπί τῷ ῤήματι σου, at thy word, German auf; (cf. Winer 's Grammar, § 48, c. d.; in reliance on)); Acts 3:16 (WH omit); Acts 4:9; Acts 11:19 (L Tr marginal reading have the genitive); Acts 21:24; 1 Corinthians 8:11 (ἀπολλυσθαι ἐπί τίνι, German zu Grunde gehen über etc. (cf. Winer s Grammar, 394 (368) note, but L T Tr WH read ἐν)); Philippians 3:9; after αἰνεῖν, Luke 2:20; δοξάζειν, Acts 4:21; 2 Corinthians 9:13 (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 381 (357)); μαρτυρεῖν, Hebrews 11:4; εὐχαριστεῖν etc. to give thanks for, 1 Corinthians 1:4; 2 Corinthians 9:15; Philippians 1:5; 1 Thessalonians 3:9. ἐφ' ᾧ (equivalent to ἐπί τούτῳ, ὅτι for that, on the ground of this, that) because that, because, Romans 5:12 (on the various interpretations of this passage see Dietzsch, Adam und Christus. Bonn 1871, p. 50ff); 2 Corinthians 5:4 (Rec.^st ἐπειδή); Philippians 3:12 (ἐφ' ᾧ — ὁ σατανᾶς — οὐκ ἴσχυσε θανατῶσαι αὐτούς, Theophilus of Antioch ad Antol. 2, 29, p. 138, Otto edition; ἐφ' ᾧ Γενναδιον ἔγραψεν, for the reason that he had accused Gennadius, Synes. epistle 73; cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 710; the better Greeks commonly used ἐφ' οἷς in the same sense, cf. Winer s Grammar, 394 (368); (Fritzsche or Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Philippians, the passage cited)). Used especially after verbs signifying a mental affection or emotion, where we also often say over (for examples from Greek writings see Passow , i. 2, p. 1039b; Krüger , § 68, 41, 6; (cf. Winer s Grammar, 393 (368) c.)): as ἀγαλλιαν, Luke 1:47; χαίρειν, Matthew 18:13; Luke 1:14; Luke 13:17; Romans 16:19, etc.; χαρά ἔσται, Luke 15:7; χαράν (Rec. χάριν) ἔχω, Philemon 1:7; παρακαλεῖν, παρακαλεῖσθαι, 2 Corinthians 1:4; 2 Corinthians 7:13; 1 Thessalonians 3:7; κλαίειν, Luke 19:41 R G ; κοπετόν ποιεῖν, Acts 8:2; κόπτεσθαι, Revelation 18:9 (T Tr WH text the accusative); ὀδύνασθαι, Acts 20:38; ὀλολύζειν, James 5:1; στυγνάζειν, Mark 10:22; συλλυπεῖσθαι, Mark 3:5; μετανοεῖν ἐπί, to grieve over, repent of, 2 Corinthians 12:21; σπλαγχνίζεσθαι, Matthew 14:14 G L T Tr WH ; Mark 6:34 R G ; Luke 7:13 (Tdf. the accusative); μακροθύμειν, Matthew 18:26 (Tr the accusative), 29 (L Tr the accusative); Luke 18:7 (see μακροθυμέω , 2); James 5:7; ὀργίζεσθαι, Revelation 12:17 (Lachmann omits ἐπἰ; ἐκπλήσσεσθαι, Matthew 7:28; Mark 1:22; Luke 4:32; Acts 13:12; διαταράσσεσθαι, Luke 1:29; ἐξίστασθαι, Luke 2:47; θαμβεῖσθαι, Mark 10:24; θάμβος, Luke 5:9; Acts 3:10; θαυμάζειν, Mark 12:17; Luke 2:33; Luke 4:22; Luke 9:43; Luke 20:26; Acts 3:12; καυχᾶσθαι, Romans 5:2; ἐπαισχύνεσθαι, Romans 6:21; παραζηλουν and παροργίζειν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Romans 10:19.

ε. of the rule, or condition (Winer s Grammar, 394 (368) d.): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι, a hope being held out or given, Romans 8:20; Titus 1:2 (differently in β. above); ἐπί δυσίν... μάρτυσιν, on condition that two witnesses testify to the matter in question (at (the mouth of) two etc.; cf. Winer 's Grammar, 392 (367)), Hebrews 10:28; ἐπί νεκροῖς, equivalent to ὄντων νεκρῶν (in the case of the dead), if anyone has died, Hebrews 9:17.

ζ. of the purpose and end (unto, for; Winer s Grammar, 394 (368) e.): ἐπ' ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, to worship and profess his name, Acts 15:14 Rec. ; καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Latin ad aliquid , Galatians 5:13; 1 Thessalonians 4:7 (ἐπί ξένια, Xenophon , an. 7, 6, 3; cf. Winer 's Grammar, as above); κτισθεντε ἐπί ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς, Ephesians 2:10; φρονεῖν ἐπί τίνι to take thought for a thing, Philippians 4:10; ἐφ' ᾧ (by a later Greek impropriety for ἐπί τίνι, cf. Winer s Grammar, § 24, 4; (Buttmann , § 139, 59; but on the extreme doubtfulness of this alleged use of ὅς in direct questions, see present T. D. Woolsey in the Bibliotheca Sacra for Apr. 1874, p. 314ff)) πάρει; for what purpose art thou come? Vulg. ad quid (others, quod ) venisti ? Matthew 26:50 R (but G L T Tr WH ἐφ' ὁ, see C. I. 2 g. γ. αα. below) (Theoph. ἐπί ποιῶ σκόπω; cf. Herodotus 7, 146 πυθόμενος, ἐπ' ὁισι ἦλθον; (but the view of many ancient expositors which explains the passage by an aposiopesis: that for which thou hast come — do is thoroughly established by Dr. Woolsey, as above)). of the issue or undesigned result: λογομαχεῖν ἐπί καταστροφή τῶν ἀκουόντων, 2 Timothy 2:14; (τοῖς ἐπί ὠφέλεια πεποιημενοις ἐπί βλάβη χρῆσθαι, Xenophon , mem. 2, 3, 19).

η. of the pattern or standard (A. V. after; Winer 's Grammar, 394 (368) f.): καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, to call one after the name of another, Luke 1:59 (Nehemiah 7:63 (Winer 's Grammar, 410 (382))); ἐπί τῷ ὁμοιώματι τίνος after the likeness of a thing, Romans 5:14.

b. of that over which one is placed, for its care or administration: ἐπί τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι τινα καθιστάναι, Luke 12:44 (cf. A. I. 1 d. above (also C. I. 2 e. below); Lob. ad Phryn. , p. 474f; Bernhardy (1829), p. 249; (Winer s Grammar, 393 (367) a.)).

c. used of a hostile aim, against (for examples from Greek writings from Homer down, see Passow , i. 2, p. 1036a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 c.; Winer s Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann , 337 (290))): Luke 12:52; θλῖψις γενομένη ἐπί Στεφάνῳ (Στεφάνου, L Tr marginal reading), Acts 11:19 (A. V. about).

d. of that to which anything is added (so that it is, as it were, upon it); in addition to; over and above (Winer s Grammar, 393 (367f) b.): 2 Corinthians 7:13 (L T Tr WH ἐπί δέ τῇ παρακλήσει ὑμῶν (but L T Tr WH ἡμῶν) περισσοτέρως κτλ., but in addition to the comfort given (us) by you, we rejoiced the more exceedingly etc. (A. V. in etc. (of condition))); κερδαίνειν τί ἐπί τίνι, Matthew 25:20, Matthew 25:22 R G ; ἔχειν λύπην ἐπί λύπη, Philippians 2:27 Rec. (Euripides , Iph. T. 197 φόνος ἐπί φόνῳ, Troad. 596 ἐπί δ' ἀλγεσιν ἀλγεα, Sophocles O. C. 544 ἐπί νόσῳ νόσον; (cf. Meyer on Philippians, the passage cited; but G L T Tr WH give the accusative, see C. I. 2 e. below)); προστιθεναι ἐπί, Luke 3:20; ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις, besides all this, Luke 16:26 (L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH ἐν; see ἐν , I. 5 e., p. 211a); Ephesians 6:16 (L text T Tr WH ἐν (and there is no τούτοις); see ἐν , as above); Colossians 3:14 (Sir. 37:15; 1 Macc. 10:42; (classic examples in Wetstein (1752) on Luke, the passage cited)); add also Hebrews 8:1 (see Lünem. at the passage); Hebrews 9:10; 1 Corinthians 14:16.

e. of that which is connected as an adjunct (especially of time) with the principal matter under consideration (in German generally bei , i. e. at, on, etc.) (Winer 's Grammar, 392 (367)): ἐυχαριστο τῷ Θεῷ μου ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ μνεία ὑμῶν, at every mention of you, as often as I call you to mind, Philippians 1:3 (but see Meyer, Ellicott, Lightfoot at the passage, and under the word πᾶς, I. 2); σπένδομαι ἐπί τῇ θυσία, while engaged in (busied over) the sacrifice, Philippians 2:17; ἐπί συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων, Hebrews 9:26; ἐπί τῇ πρώτη διαθήκη, Philippians 2:15; σπείρειν and θερίζειν ἐπ' εὐλογίαις, so that blessings attend, i. e. bountifully, freely, 2 Corinthians 9:6; ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκη, 1 Thessalonians 3:7; ἐπί τῷ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν while your anger lasts, Ephesians 4:26; ἐπί τούτῳ meanwhile, i. e. while this was going on ((?), upon this), John 4:27.

f. of the object of an action, and

α. where the German uses an (English on (nearly equivalent to to)): πράσσειν τί ἐπί τίνι, Acts 5:35 (like δραν τί ἐπί τίνι, Herodotus 3, 14; Aelian n. an. 11, 11); cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 250 bottom; (but see Buttmann , 337 (290)); ὁ γέγονεν ἐπ' αὐτῇ, Mark 5:33 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἐπί); ἀναπληροῦσθαι, Matthew 13:14 Rec.

β. where the German says über , (English upon, of, concerning), after verbs of writing, speaking, thinking: γεγραμμένα ἐπ' αὐτῷ, John 12:16 (Herodotus 1, 66); προφητεύειν, Revelation 10:11; μαρτυρεῖν, Revelation 22:16 R G T Tr text WH text (see μαρτυρέω , a.) (δόξα ἐπί τῇ εὐσέβεια, an opinion about, on, piety, 4 Macc. 5:17 (18)).

C. with the accusative (Winer s Grammar, § 49,1.; Buttmann , 337f (290f));

I. of place;

1. properly;

a. of the place above, over, which, our up on, on to: after verbs signifying motion and continuance, ἐλθεῖν, περιπατεῖν ἐπί τά ὕδατα, Matthew 14:28; ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, Matthew 14:25 L T Tr WH , 26 R G (πλεῖν ἐπί Πόντον, Homer , Odyssey 1, 183); ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπί τήν γῆν, Matthew 15:35; ἐπί τό στῆθος τίνος, John 21:20; ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπί τούς χόρτους, Matthew 14:19 R G ; κατοικεῖν ἐπί πᾶν τό πρόσωπον (L T Tr WH παντός προσώπου (cf. πᾶς , I. 1 c.)) τῆς γῆς, Acts 17:26; καθῆσθαι, Luke 21:35; ἦλθε λιμός ἐφ' ὅλην τήν γῆν, Acts 7:11; σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπί πᾶσαν τήν γῆν, Matthew 27:45. over i. e. along: εἱστήκει ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν, Matthew 13:2 (Winer s Grammar, 408 (380); differently in d. below).

b. of motion to a place whose surface is occupied or touched (German auf with the accusative), upon, unto, etc.; after verbs of going, coming, ascending, descending, falling, etc.: πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τήν ὁδόν, Acts 8:26; Acts 9:11; ἐπί τάς διεξόδους, Matthew 22:9; προέρχεσθαι, Acts 20:13 (here Tr WH marginal reading προσέρχεσθαι); φεύγειν, Matthew 24:16 (where L Tr WH text εἰς); ἐξέρχεσθαι, Luke 8:27; ἐξιέναι, Acts 27:43; ἐπιβαίνειν, Matthew 21:5; ἀναβαίνειν, Luke 5:19; Luke 19:4; Acts 10:9; Revelation 20:9; καταβαίνειν, Luke 22:44 (L brackets WH reject the passage); Revelation 16:21; ἀπέρχεσθαι, Luke 23:33 (L Tr WH ἔρχεσθαι); πίπτειν ἐπί τούς πόδας, Acts 10:25; ἐπί πρόσωπον, to fall upon the face, Matthew 17:6; Matthew 26:39; Luke 5:12; Luke 17:16; 1 Corinthians 14:25; Revelation 7:11. After verbs of placing, leading, bringing, building, laying, throwing, etc.: τιθέναι, Matthew 5:15; Luke 11:33; ἐπιτιθεναι, Matthew 23:4; Luke 15:5; Acts 15:10, etc.; τιθέναι τά γόνατα ἐπί, Acts 21:5; οἰκοδομεῖν, Matthew 7:24, Matthew 7:26; Luke 6:49; Romans 15:20; ἐποικοδόμειν, 1 Corinthians 3:12; θεμελιοῦν, Luke 6:48; βάλλειν, John 8:59; Revelation 2:24; Revelation 14:16; Revelation 18:19; ἐπιβάλλειν, Luke 5:36 (ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τίνι, Matthew 9:16); ἐπιβάλλειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί τινα, Matthew 26:50, etc. (see ἐπιβάλλω , 1 a.); ἐπιρρίπτειν, Luke 19:35 and tropically 1 Peter 5:7; ῥαπίζειν, Matthew 5:39 (L T Tr text WH εἰς); τύπτειν, Luke 6:29 (Tdf. εἰς); ἀναβιβάζειν, Matthew 13:48 (not Lachmann text); ἐπιβιβάζειν, Luke 10:34; κατάγειν, Luke 5:11; σωρεύειν, Romans 12:20; διδόναι, Luke 7:44; Luke 19:23; Revelation 8:3; ἀναφέρειν, 1 Peter 2:24; κρεμαν, Matthew 18:6 (L T Tr WH περί); γράφειν, Revelation 2:17; Revelation 3:12; Revelation 19:16; ἐπιγράφειν, Hebrews 8:10. After verbs which include another verb signifying motion, or transfer, or entrance into (where German uses auf or über ; our on, to, etc.): ἀνατέλλειν, Matthew 5:45; βρέχειν, ibid.; πνεηιν, Revelation 7:1 (here we see the difference between ἐπί with the genitive to blow over a thing, German über, and ἐπί with the according to blow on a thing, to come blowing upon it, German einen anwehen , wehend auf einen kommen ); (apparently nearly the same view of the distinction between the cases is take, by Thiersch § 274, 6; Hermann on Euripides , Alcest. 845. But Krüger (sec. 68, 40, 3), Kühner, (ii. § 438, L 1 b.), others, regard ἐπί with the accusative as denoting merely movement toward a place, while ἐπί with the genitive involves the idea of actual or intended arrival; cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 1. Still others hold the two expressions to be substantially synonymous: e. g. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Gram. § 147 (p. 417 English translation); Matthiae , § 584; Passow , p. 1034a; — especially in the N. T., see Winer s Grammar, 409f (382); 408 (381) note; Buttmann , 338 (291). On the variations of case with this preposition in the Rev. cf. Alford on Revelation 4:2); διασωθῆναι ἐπί τήν γῆν, Acts 27:44.

c. It is used of persons over whom anything is done, that thereby some benefit may accrue to them (German über with the dative) (Winer 's Grammar, 408 (381) note): ὀνομάζειν τό ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐπί τινα, to name the name of Jesus (as a spell, a magic formula) over one, namely, that help may come to him from that name, Acts 19:13; προσεύχεσθαι ἐπί τινα, James 5:14.

d. As εἰς (which see C. 2, p. 186a), so ἐπί also stands after verbs of rest and continuance (Buttmann , 337f (290f); Winer 's Grammar, § 49, 50:1): καθεύδειν ἐπί τί, Mark 4:38; στῆναι, Revelation 11:11; σταθῆναι ἐπί τί, Revelation 12:18 (Revelation 13:1); ἑστηκεναι, John 21:4 (ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; otherwise where many are spoken of; see a. at the end, above); Revelation 14:1; καθῆσθαι, John 12:15; Revelation 4:4; Revelation 6:2 (Rec. dative); Revelation 11:16; Revelation 14:14,Revelation 14:16 (L T Tr WH text genitive); Revelation 17:3; Revelation 19:11; κεκαθικεναι, καθίσαι, Mark 11:2; Luke 19:30; John 12:14; Revelation 20:4; καθίσεσθαι, Matthew 19:28; σκηνουν, Revelation 7:15; κεῖσθαι, 2 Corinthians 3:15; κατακεῖσθαι, Luke 5:25 T Tr WH ; εἶναι ἐπί τό αὐτό, to be together, assembled, in the same place: Luke 17:35; Acts 1:15; Acts 2:1, Acts 2:44 — to come together, of sexual intercourse, 1 Corinthians 7:5 G L T Tr WH ; συνελθεῖν ἐπί τό αὐτό have convened, come together, to the same place, 1 Corinthians 14:23 (L text ἐλθεῖν); simply ἐπί τό αὐτό namely, ὄντες, together, Acts 3:1 (but L T Tr WH (so R. V. ) connect ἐπί τήν α. here with Acts 2:47); 2 Samuel 2:13 (cf. Buttmann , 338 (291)).

e. used of motion or arrival into the vicinity of a place (not to the place itself); near; to, as far as; (German an, bei , zu , hin ... zu ): ἐπί τό μνημεῖον (or μνῆμα), Mark 16:2; Luke 24:12 (L Tr brackets; T omits; WH reject the verse), 22,24; ἐπί τούς ἀναβαθμούς, Acts 21:35; ἔρχεσθαι ἐπί τί ὕδωρ, Acts 8:36; ἐπί τήν πύλην, Acts 12:10; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί τόν πυλῶνα, Acts 10:17; καταβαίνειν ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, John 6:16, etc., etc.; with the accusative of a person to, near to one: John 19:33; Acts 25:12; 2 Thessalonians 2:1; Revelation 16:14; especially to judges, kings, etc., equivalent to to their tribunal: Matthew 10:18; Luke 12:58; Luke 21:12; Luke 23:1; Acts 9:21; Acts 16:19. also in pregnant construction after verbs of sitting, standing, etc.: καθῆσθαι ἐπί τό τελώνιον, Matthew 9:9; Mark 2:14; ἑστηκεναι ἐπί, Revelation 3:20; Revelation 15:2; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί, Acts 10:17; Acts 11:11; ἐπί τήν δεξιάν on the right hand, Revelation 5:1.

f. of mere direction toward a terminus (so that the terminus itself is not reached): πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τό ἀπολωλός, to recover it (where we say after), Luke 15:4; ἐκτείνειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί, against one, to take him, Luke 22:53; toward one, in pointing him out, Matthew 12:49; ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐπί λῃστήν, to take a robber, Matthew 26:55; Mark 14:48; Luke 22:52, cf. Luke 14:31.

2. It is used metaphorically,

a. with the accusative of a person after verbs of coming, falling, bringing, etc.

α. of evils befalling (falling 'upon') one, and of perturbations coming upon the mind: τό αἷμα τίνος (the penalty for slaying him) ἥκει or ἔρχεται ἐπί τινα, Matthew 23:35; Matthew 27:25; ἐπάγειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἐπί τινα, Acts 5:28; ἔρχεσθαι and ἥκειν ἐπί τινα, of other evils, John 18:4; Ephesians 5:6; Revelation 3:3; after γίνεσθαι, Luke 1:65; Luke 4:36; Acts 5:5; ἐπέρχεσθαι (ἐπεισέρχεσθαι L T Tr WH ), Luke 21:35; ἐπιπίπτειν, Luke 1:12; Acts 13:11 (L T Tr WH πίπτειν); Acts 19:17 (L Tr πίπτειν); Romans 15:3 (from Psalms 68:10 (Psalms 69:10)); Revelation 11:11 (Rec. πίπτειν); ἐπιστηναι, Luke 21:34.

β. of blessings coming upon one: after ἐρχεσται, Matthew 10:13; ἐπιπίπτειν, of a trance, Acts 10:10 (L T Tr WH γίνεσθαι); ἐπισκηνουν, 2 Corinthians 12:9; ἔφθασεν and ἤγγικεν, ἐφ' ὑμᾶς (upon you namely, from heaven (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 407 (380) note)) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, Matthew 12:28; Luke 10:9; Luke 11:20. the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα ἐκχεῖσθαι, Acts 2:17; Acts 10:45; Titus 3:6; at another, ἀποστέλλεσθαι (or ἐξαποστέλλεσθαι T Tr WH ), Luke 24:49; again, ἐπέρχεσθαι, Acts 1:8; once more, καταβαίνειν, Mark 1:10 (L text T Tr WH εἰς); Luke 3:22; John 1:33; ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπί τινα, Acts 1:26; after words of rest and continuance: χάρις ἦν ἐπί τινα, Luke 2:40; Acts 4:33; ἐπαναπαύεσθαι, Luke 10:6; the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα μένειν, descending upon one to remain on him, John 1:32 (Buttmann , 338 (291)); and again ἀναπαύεσθαι, 1 Peter 4:14.

b. of one upon whom anything is imposed, as a burden, office, duty, etc.: τήν μέριμναν ἐπιρρίπτειν ἐπί Θεόν, 1 Peter 5:7; συντελεῖν διαθήκην ἐπί τινα, to put a covenant UPON one, to be kept by him, Hebrews 8:8, (in Psalms 82:6 (Psalms 83:6) פ עַל בְּרִית כָּרַת... is to make a covenant AGAINST one).

c. of that to which anything is added (English upon (nearly equivalent to after)): λύπη ἐπί λύπην, Philippians 2:27 G L T Tr WH (Psalms 68:27 (Psalms 69:27); Ezekiel 7:26; (especially Isaiah 28:10, Isaiah 28:13; cf. Latin super in Livy 1, 50; 22, 54 etc.); see above, B. 2 d.); (so some take οἶκος ἐπ' οἶκον, Luke 11:17, Buttmann , 338 (291); see οἶκος , 2); ἐπικάλειν ὄνομα ἐπί τινα (see ἐπικαλέω , 2 (and Buttmann , 338 (291))), to call (put) a name upon one, Acts 15:17; James 2:7.

d. of the number or degree reached; Latin usque ad (Winer 's Grammar, § 49, 50:3 a.): ἐπί σταδίους δώδεκα, Revelation 21:16 (R^st T Tr WH text, genitive) (Xenophon , mem. 1, 4, 17; an. 1, 7, 15; Polybius 3, 54, 7; Song of the Three 23); ἐπί τρίς, Vulg. per ter , for three times, thrice: Acts 10:16; Acts 11:10 (so εἰς τρίς, Herodotus 1, 86; Xenophon , an. 6, 4, 16. 19; Cyril 7, 1, 4 etc. (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 422 (394))); ἐπί πλεῖον more widely, to a greater degree, further, the more (differently below, II. 1): Acts 4:17; (Acts 20:9 WH marginal reading); 2 Timothy 2:16; 2 Timothy 3:9; ἐφ' ὅσον, forasmuch as, inasmuch as, (differently II. 1 below): Matthew 25:40, Matthew 25:45; Romans 11:13.

e. of care, power, control over anything (German über with the accusative) (Winer 's Grammar, § 49, 1. 3 b.) (cf. above, A. I. 1 d. and B. 2 b.): βασιλεύειν ἐπί τινα (Hebrew עַל מָשַׁל), Luke 1:33; Luke 19:14, Luke 19:27; Romans 5:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπ' Αἴγυπτον, Acts 7:10; καθίστημι, Hebrews 2:7 R ((from Psalms 8:7), L Tr WH brackets); ἐπί τόν οἶκον αὐτοῦ namely, ἐστι, Hebrews 3:6; ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπί τόν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ namely, καθεστηκοτα, Hebrews 10:21; κατιησταναι δικαστήν ἐπί, Luke 12:14 (ἄρχοντα, Xenophon , Cyril 4, 5 at the end); ἐξουσία, Luke 10:19; Revelation 6:8; Revelation 16:9; Revelation 22:14; φυλάσσειν φυλακάς, Luke 2:8; of usurped dignity: ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐπί πάντα λεγόμενον Θεόν, 2 Thessalonians 2:4 cf. Daniel 11:36 (others refer the use in Thessalonians, the passage cited to g. γ. ββ. below). Akin to this is the expression πιστός ἐπί τί (because fidelity is as it were spread over the things intrusted to its care), Matthew 25:21.

f. of the end which the mind reaches or to which it is led; Latin ad , to, unto: ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐπί τινα, especially to God, Luke 1:17; Acts 9:35; Acts 11:21; Acts 14:15; Acts 26:20; Galatians 4:9; 1 Peter 2:25.

g. of direction toward a person or a thing;

α. after verbs of trusting and hoping (German auf, upon; see above, B. 2 a. γ.): after ἐλπίζειν, 1 Peter 1:13; 1 Peter 3:5 R G ; 1 Timothy 5:5 (and often in the Sept. ); πιστεύειν, Acts 9:42; Acts 11:17; Acts 16:31; Acts 22:19; Romans 4:24; πιστός, Hebrews 6:1; πεποιθέναι, Matthew 27:43 (where L text WH marginal reading ἐπί with the dative).

β. of the feelings, affections, emotions, German über, over: κόπτομαι, Revelation 1:7; Revelation 18:9 (R G L WH marginal reading with the dative); κλαίω, Luke 23:28; Revelation 18:9; εὐφραίνεσθαι, Revelation 18:20 (G L T Tr WH with the dative). unto, toward, Latin erga : σπλαγχνίζομαι, Matthew 15:32; Mark 8:2; Mark 9:22; (μακροθυμέω, Matthew 18:26 Tr , 29 L Tr ); χρηστός, Luke 6:35; χρηστότης, Romans 11:22; Ephesians 2:7.

γ. of the direction of the will and action;

αα. of purpose and end (Winer 's Grammar, § 49, l. 3 d.): ἐπί τό βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ, to receive his baptism, Matthew 3:7; ἐπί θεωρίαν ταύτην, Luke 23:48; ἐφ' ὁ πάρει, Matthew 26:50 G L T Tr WH (see above, B. 2 a. ζ.); where aim and result coalesce: ἐπί τό συμφέρον, Hebrews 12:10.

ββ. of things done with hostility; against: after ἀποτομία, Romans 11:22; ἀναστῆναι, Mark 3:26; ἐγείρεσθαι, Matthew 24:7; Mark 13:8; Luke 21:10; ἐπεγείρειν διωγμόν, Acts 13:50; μερισθῆναι, Matthew 12:26; Mark 3:24; ἐπαίρειν τί ἐπί, John 13:18; μάρτυρ, 2 Corinthians 1:23; μαρτύριον, Luke 9:5; ἀσχημονεῖν, 1 Corinthians 7:36 (εἰς τινα, Dionysius Halicarnassus , 2, 26); μοιχᾶσθαι, Mark 10:11; τολμᾶν, 2 Corinthians 10:2; βρύχειν ὀδόντας, Acts 7:54.

γγ. of that to which one refers in writing or speaking (cf. Winer 's Grammar, § 49, 50 l. d.): after λέγειν, Hebrews 7:13; ὁ οὖν μακαρισμός... ἀκροβυστίαν, namely, λέγεται (Winer s Grammar, 587 (546), cf. Buttmann , 394 (338)), Romans 4:9; προφητεία, 1 Timothy 1:18; on Mark 9:12 see γράφω , 2 c.

δδ. upon, i. e. in reference to; for: after βάλλειν κλῆρον, Mark 15:24; John 19:24; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 686 (who compares Psalm 21:19 (Psalms 22:19), and remarks that an Attic writer would have said ἐπί τίνι).

II. of Time (Winer 's Grammar, § 49, l. 2);

1. of time during or for (`for the space of') which (German auf, während ): ἐπί ἔτη τρία, Luke 4:25 (R G T WH marginal reading); ἐπί ἡμέρας πλείους, Acts 13:31; add also Acts 16:18; Acts 17:2; Acts 18:20; Acts 19:10; Hebrews 11:30, etc., and often in Greek writings from Homer down; cf. Passow , under the word, p. 1044 (Liddell and Scott, under the word C. II.); ἐφ' ὅσον χρόνον for so long time as, Romans 7:1; 1 Corinthians 7:39; Galatians 4:1; and simply ἐφ' ὅσον as long as (differently in I. 2 d. above), Matthew 9:15; 2 Peter 1:13; ἐφ' ἱκανόν long enough, for a considerable time, Acts 20:11; ἐπί πλεῖον somewhat long, too long (differently in I. 2 d. above): Acts 20:9 (not WH marginal reading, see as above); Acts 24:4.

2. about, toward (German gegen): ἐπί τήν αὔριον on the morrow, Luke 10:35; Acts 4:5; ἐπί τήν ὥραν τῆς προσευχῆς, Acts 3:1; ἐπί τό πρωι Mark 15:1 (R G ); rarely so in Greek writings, as Arrian exp. Al. 3, 18, 11 (7) ἐπί (others ὑπό) τήν ἕω.

D. In Composition ἐπί denotes:

1. continuance, rest, influence upon or over any person or thing: ἐπίγειος, ἐπουράνιος, ἐπιδημέω, ἀπαναπαύομαι, etc.

2. motion, approach, direction toward or to anything: ἐπακούω, ἐπιβοάω, ἐπιβλέπω, ἐπεκτείνω, etc.

3. imposition: ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπιτίθημι, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιβαρέω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐπιρρίπτω, ἐπιτάσσω, etc.

4. accumulation, increase, addition: ἐπεισαγωγή, ἐπισυνάγω, ἐπισωρεύω, ἐπικαλέω (by a cognomen), etc.

5. repetition: ἐπαιτέω, ἐπαναμιμνῄσκω, etc.

6. up, upward: ἐπαίρω, ἐπανάγω, ἐπαφρίζω, etc.

7. against: ἐπιβουλή, ἐπανίστημι, ἐπίορκος, ἐπιορκέω, etc.

8. superintendence: ἐπιστάτης.

ἐπιβαίνω

(1910) ἐπιβαίνω; 2 aorist ἐπέβην; perfect participle ἐπιβεβηκώς;

1. to get upon, mount:;ἐπί τι, Matthew 21:5 (Xenophon, Hell. 3, 4, 1, etc.; Genesis 24:61); τῷ πλοίῳ [to embark in], Acts 27:2 (Thucydides 7, 70); εἰς τὸ πλοῖον, Acts 21:6 R G; used without a case, of going aboard (a ship), Acts 21:2; to go up: εἰς Ἱεροσόλ. Acts 21:4 L T Tr WH, [yet others refer this to 2].

2. to set foot in, enter: εἰς with the accusative of place, Acts 20:18; with the dative of place (as also in Greek writings), Acts 25:1.

ἐπιβάλλω

(1911) ἐπιβάλλω; imperfect ἐπεβαλλον; future ἐπιβάλω; 2 aorist ἐπέβαλον (3 person plural ἐπεβαλαν, Acts 21:27 T Tr WH ; Mark 14:46 T WH (see ἀπέρχομαι , at the beginning));

1. Transitively,

a. to cast upon: τίνι βρόχον, 1 Corinthians 7:35; τίνι τά ἱμάτια, Mark 11:7; (χοῦν ἐπί τάς κεφαλάς, Revelation 18:19, WH marginal reading); to lay upon, ἐπί τινα τήν χεῖρα or τάς χεῖρας, used of seizing one to lead him off as a prisoner: Matthew 26:50; Mark 14:46 R G L ; Luke 20:19; Luke 21:12; John 7:30 (L marginal reading ἔβαλεν), 44 (L Tr WH the simple βάλλειν); Acts 5:18; Acts 21:27 (for the Hebrew פ אֶל יָד שָׁלַח..., Genesis 22:12); also τάς χεῖρας τίνι, Mark 14:46 T Tr WH ; Acts 4:3 (Polybius 3, 2, 8; 5, 5; Lucian , Tim. 4); ἐπιβάλλειν τάς χεῖρας followed by the infinitive indicating the purpose, Acts 12:1; τήν χεῖρα ἐπ' ἄροτρον, to put the hand to the plow (to begin work), Luke 9:62.

b. to put (i. e. sew) on: ἐπίβλημα ἐπί ἱμάτιον, Luke 5:36; ἐπί ἱματίῳ, Matthew 9:16.

2. Intransitive, (as in Greek writings from Homer down (cf. Winer s Grammar, 251 (236); Buttmann , 144f (126f)) to throw oneself upon, rush upon: εἰς τό πλοῖον, of waves rushing into a ship, Mark 4:37; to put one's mind upon a thing, attend to, with the dative of the thing: τούτῳ γάρ ἐπιβαλλων for if you think thereon, Antoninus 10, 30; μηδενί γάρ ἐπιβάλλειν μηδετεραν (i. e. τήν αἴσθησιν καί τήν νοησιν) χωρίς τοῦ προσπιπτοντος εἰδώλου, Plutarch , plac. phil. 4, 8; absolutely, ἐπιβαλών, SC. τῷ ῤήματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, when he had considered the utterance of Jesus, Mark 14:72; cf. Kypke (Wetstein (1752), McClellan) at the passage; Buttmann , 145 (127); (and for the different interpretations see Meyer and especially Morison at the passage).

3. Impersonally, ἐπιβάλλει μοι it belongs to me, falls to my share: τό ἐπιβάλλον (namely, μοι) μέρος τῆς οὐσίας, Luke 15:12 (κτημάτων τό ἐπιβάλλον, Herodotus 4, 115; τό ἐπιβάλλον αὐτοῖς μέρος, Diodorus 14, 17, and the like often in other writings (see Meyer; σοι ἐπιβάλλει ἡ κληρονομία, Tobit 6:12 (cf. Tobit 3:17; 1 Macc. 10:30, etc.))).

ἐπιβαρέω

(1912) ἐπιβαρέω, -ῶ; 1 aorist infinitive ἐπιβαρῆσαι; to put a burden upon, to load, [cf. ἐπί , D. 3]; tropically, to be burdensome; so in the N. T.: τινά, 1 Thessalonians 2:9; 2 Thessalonians 3:8; absolutely, ἵνα μὴ ἐπιβαρῶ 'that I press not too heavily' i. e. lest I give pain by too severe language, 2 Corinthians 2:5. (Dionysius Halicarnassus, Appian.)

ἐπιβιβάζω

(1913) ἐπιβιβάζω: 1 aorist ἐπεβίβασα; to cause to mount; to place upon, [cf. ἐπί , D. 3]: τινὰ or τὶ ἐπί τι, Luke 10:34; Luke 19:35; Acts 23:24. (Thucydides, Plato, Diodorus, others; Sept. several times for הִרְכִּיב.)

ἐπιβλέπω

(1914) ἐπιβλέπω: 1 aorist ἐπέβλεψα; in the Sept. often for הִבִּיט and פָּנָה, also for רָאָה; to turn the eyes upon, to look upon, gaze upon, (ἐπί upon [cf. ἐπί , D. 2]): ἐπί τινα, contextually, to look upon one with a feeling of admiration and respect, to look up to, regard, James 2:3; contextually, to look upon in pity for the sake of giving aid, equivalent to to have regard for, to regard, Luke 9:38 (where for ἐπίβλεψον [R L] and ἐπιβλέψαι [G T] write [with Tr WH] ἐπιβλέψαι, 1 aorist active infinitive; cf. Bornemann, Schol. ad loc, and above in δέομαι, 3 a., [also Buttmann, 273 (234) note]); ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσίν τινος, Luke 1:48; often in the O. T. in the same sense, as 1 Samuel 1:11; 1 Samuel 9:16; Psalm 24:16 (Psalms 25:16); Psalms 68:17 (Psalms 69:17); Tobit 3:3, etc. (In Greek writings from Sophocles and Plato down, both literally and figuratively.)

ἐπίβλημα

(1915) ἐπίβλημα, -τος, τό, (ἐπιβάλλω), that which is thrown or put upon a thing, or that which is added to it; an addition; specifically, that which is sewed on to cover a rent, a patch; Vulg. assumentum [(also commissura )], (equivalent to ἐπίρραμα): Matthew 9:16; Mark 2:21; Luke 5:36. [Sept. , Plutarch, Arrian.]

ἐπιβοάω

(1916) ἐπιβοάω, -ῶ; to cry out to [cf. ἐπί , D. 2], cry out: followed by the accusative with an infinitive Acts 25:24 R G, [but L T Tr WH βοάω, which see 2, and at the end. From Homer, Herodotus down].

ἐπιβουλή

(1917) ἐπιβουλή, ῆς, ἡ, a plan formed against one [cf. ἐπί , D. 7], a plot: Acts 9:24; γίνεταί τινι ἐπιβουλὴ ὑπό τινος, Acts 20:3; εἴς τινα, Acts 23:30; plural Acts 20:19. (From [Herodotus], Thucydides down.)

ἐπιγαμβρεύω

(1918) ἐπιγαμβρεύω: future ἐπιγαμβρεύσω; to be related to by marriage, enter into affinity with;

1. Sept. for הִתְחַתֵּן, to become anyone's father-in-law or son-in-law: τινί, Genesis 34:9; 1 Samuel 18:22; 2 Chronicles 18:1; 2 Chronicles 2:1-18 Esdr. 9:14; 1 Macc. 10:54, 56.

2. τινά, for יִבֵּם, to marry the widow of a brother who has died childless: Genesis 38:8; Matthew 22:24, where allusion is made to the levirate law recorded in Deuteronomy 25:5-10; cf. Winers RWB. under the word Leviratsehe; [BB. DD. , under the word Marriage]. (Not found in native Greek authors [except schol. ad Euripides, Or. 574ff; cf. Winer's Grammar 26].)

ἐπίγειος

(1919) ἐπίγειος, -ον (ἐπί and γῆ), existing upon the earth, earthly, terrestrial: οἰκία, the house we live in on earth, spoken of the body with which we are clothed in this world, 2 Corinthians 5:1; σώματα ἐπίγεια, opposed to ἐπουράνια, 1 Corinthians 15:40; absolutely, οἱ ἐπιγειοι (opposed to οἱ ἐπουράνιοι and οἱ καταχθόνιοι), those who are on earth, the inhabitants of the earth, men, Philippians 2:10; τὰ ἐπίγεια, things done on earth, spoken of the new birth wrought by the Holy Spirit, John 3:12; cf. Knapp, Scripta var. Arg., p. 212f; τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονεῖν, to set the mind on the pleasures and good things of earth, Philippians 3:19; σοφία ἐπίγειος (opposed to ἡ ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη), the wisdom of man, liable to error and misleading, James 3:15. (From Plato down; nowhere in the O. T.)

ἐπιγίνομαι

(1920) ἐπιγίνομαι: 2 aorist ἐπεγενόμην;

1. to become or happen afterward; to be born after.

2. to come to, arrive: of time, τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη νὺξ ἐπεγένετο, Acts 27:27 L [stereotyped edition], T [editions 2, 7]; (ἔαρος ἐπιγίγνεται ὤρη, Homer, Iliad 6, 148).

3. to arise, spring up, come on: ἐπιγενομένου νότου, a south wind having sprung up, Acts 28:13; (Thucydides 3, 74; 4, 30).

ἐπιγινώσκω

(1921) ἐπιγινώσκω; (imperfect ἐπεγίνωσκον); future ἐπιγνώσομαι; 2 aorist ἐπέγνων; perfect ἐπέγνωκα; (passive, present ἐπιγνώσκομαι; 1 aorist ἐπεγνώσθην); ἐπί denotes mental direction toward, application to, that which is known); in the Sept. chiefly for יָדַע and נִכַּר, הִכִּיר;

1. to become thoroughly acquainted with, to know thoroughly; to know accurately, know well (see references under the word ἐπίγνωσις, at the beginning): 1 Corinthians 13:12 (where γινώσκω ἐκ μέρους and ἐπιγινώσκω, i. e. to know thoroughly, know well, divine things, are contrasted (Winer 's Grammar, § 39, 3 N. 2)); with an accusative of the thing, Luke 1:4; 2 Corinthians 1:13; τήν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ, Colossians 1:6; τήν ἀλήθειαν, 1 Timothy 4:3; τήν ὁδόν τῆς δικαιοσύνης, 2 Peter 2:21 (cf. Buttmann , 305 (262)); τό δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, Romans 1:32; τί followed by ὅτι (by the familiar attraction (Winer s Grammar, 626 (581); Buttmann , 376 (322); some bring this example under 2 a. in the sense of acknowledge)), 1 Corinthians 14:37; τινα, one's character, will, deeds, deserts, etc., 1 Corinthians 16:18; 2 Corinthians 1:14; (passive opposed to ἀγνωύμενοι, 2 Corinthians 6:9); τινα ἀπό τίνος (the genitive of a thing), Matthew 7:16, Matthew 7:20 (Lachmann ἐκ) ("a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognoscere," for the more common ex, Caesar b. g. 1, 22, 2 (cf. Buttmann , 324 (278f); Winer 's Grammar, 372 (348))); by attraction τινα, ὅτι etc. 2 Corinthians 13:5; ἐπιγινώσκει τόν υἱόν, τόν πατέρα, Matthew 11:27.

2. universally, to know;

a. to recognize: τινα, i. e. by sight, hearing, or certain signs, to perceive who a person is, Matthew 14:35; Mark 6:54; Luke 24:16, Luke 24:31; Mark 6:33 (R T , but G WH marginal reading without the accusative); by attraction, τινα, ὅτι, Acts 3:10; Acts 4:13; τινα, his rank and authority, Matthew 17:12; with the accusative of the thing, to recognize a thing to be what it really is: τήν φωνήν τοῦ Πέτρου, Acts 12:14 τήν γῆν, Acts 27:39.

b. to know equivalent to to perceive: τί, Luke 5:22; ἐν ἑαυτῷ, followed by the accusative of the thing with a participle (Buttmann , 301 (258)), Mark 5:30; followed by ὅτι, Luke 1:22; τῷ πνεύματι followed by ὅτι, Mark 2:8.

c. to know i. e. to find out, ascertain: namely, αὐτό, Acts 9:30; followed by ὅτι, Luke 7:37; Luke 23:7; Acts 19:34; Acts 22:29; Acts 24:11 L T Tr WH ; Acts 28:1; τί, followed by an indirect question, Acts 23:28 L T Tr WH ; (δι' ἥν αἰτίαν, etc. Acts 22:24); παρά τίνος (the genitive of person) περί τίνος (the genitive of thing), Acts 24:8.

d. to know i. e. to understand: Acts 25:10. (From Homer down.)

ἐπίγνωσις

(1922) ἐπίγνωσις, -εως, ἡ, (ἐπιγινώσκω, which see [cf. also Bp. Lightfoot on Colossians 1:9; Trench § 75 at the end]), precise and correct knowledge; used in the N. T. of the knowledge of things ethical and divine: absolute, Philippians 1:9; Colossians 3:10; κατ’ ἐπίγνωσιν, Romans 10:2; with the genitive of the thing known, Colossians 1:9; Colossians 2:2; Philemon 1:6; τῆς ἀληθείας, 1 Timothy 2:4; 2 Timothy 2:25; 2 Timothy 3:7; Titus 1:1; Hebrews 10:26; τῆς ἁμαρτίας, Romans 3:20; with the genitive of the person known; — of God, especially the knowledge of his holy will and of the blessings which he has bestowed and constantly bestows on men through Christ: Ephesians 1:17; Colossians 1:10; 2 Peter 1:2; of Christ, i. e. the true knowledge of Christ's nature, dignity, benefits: Ephesians 4:13; 2 Peter 1:8; 2 Peter 2:20; of God and Christ: 2 Peter 1:2; θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει i. e. to keep the knowledge of the one true God which has illumined the soul, Romans 1:28. (Polybius, Plutarch, Herodian, [others]; Sept. occasionally for דַּעַת; 2 Macc. 9:11.)

ἐπιγραφή

(1923) ἐπιγραφή, -ῆς, ἡ, (ἐπιγράφω), an inscription, title: in the N. T. of an inscription in black letters upon a whitened tablet [B. D. under the word Cross], Luke 23:38; with the genitive τῆς αἰτίας, i. e. of the accusation, Mark 15:26, (γράμματα τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς θανατώσεως αὐτοῦ δηλοῦντα, Dio Cassius, 54, 3; cf. Sueton. Calig. 32; Domit. 10); of the inscription on a coin: Matthew 22:20; Mark 12:16; Luke 20:24. (From Thucydides down.)

ἐπιγράφω

(1924) ἐπιγράφω: future ἐπιγράψω; perfect passive participle ἐπιγεγραμμένος; pluperfect 3 person singular ἐπεγέγραπτο; to write upon, inscribe: ἐπιγραφήν, Mark 15:26 and L Tr brackets in Luke 23:38; ὀνόματα, Revelation 21:12; ἔν τινι, Acts 17:23; figuratively, to write upon the mind, i. e. to fix indelibly upon it, cause to cleave to it and to be always vividly present to it: νόμους ἐπὶ καρδίας [-δίαν T WH marginal reading], Hebrews 8:10; ἐπὶ τῶν διανοιῶν, Hebrews 10:16 R G, ἐπὶ τὴν διάνοιαν, ibid. L T Tr WH, (τοὺς λόγους ἐπὶ τὸ πλάτος τῆς καρδίας, Proverbs 7:3). [From Homer down.]

ἐπιδείκνυμι

(1925) ἐπιδείκνυμι; 1 aorist ἐπέδειξα; [present middle ἐπιδείκνυμαι]; to exhibit, show, [as though for exposition or examination (Schmidt, chapter 127, 5); from Pindar, Herodotus down.];

a. to bring forth to view: τί, Matthew 22:19; and Luke 20:24 Rec. ; τί τινι, Luke 24:40 R G; ἑαυτόν τινι, Luke 17:14; to show i. e. bid to look at, τί τινι, Matthew 24:1; to show i. e. furnish to be looked at, produce what may be looked at: σημεῖον, Matthew 16:1; Middle with the accusative of the thing, to display something belonging to oneself: χιτῶνας, the tunics as their own, Acts 9:39 [see Meyer].

b. to prove, demonstrate, set forth to be known and acknowledged: Hebrews 6:17; followed by the accusative and the infinitive Acts 18:28.

ἐπιδέχομαι

(1926) ἐπιδέχομαι; [from Herodotus down];

1. to receive hospitably: τινά, 3 John 1:10 (Polybius 22, 1, 3).

2. to admit, i. e. not to reject: τινά, one's authority, 3 John 1:9 (τοὺς λόγους, 1 Macc. 10:46; παιδείαν, Sir. 51:26). [Cf. δέχομαι , at the end.]

ἐπιδημέω

(1927) ἐπιδημέω, -ῶ; (ἐπίδημος);

1. to be present among one's people, in one's city or in one's native land, [cf. ἐπί D. 1], (Thucydides, Plato, others; opposed to ἀποδήμειν, Xenophon, Cyril 7, 5, 69; ἐπιδήμεῖν ἐν τῷδέ δέ τῷ βίῳ, Theophilus ad Autol. 2, 12 [p. 88, Otto edition]).

2. to be a sojourner, a foreign resident, among any people, in any country: Acts 2:10; οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες ξένοι, Acts 17:21; (Xenophon, Plato, Theophrastus, Lucian, Aelian, others).

ἐπιδιατάσσομαι

(1928) ἐπιδιατάσσομαι; to ordain besides, to add something to what has been ordained, [cf. ἐπί , D. 4]: Galatians 3:15. Not found elsewhere.

ἐπιδίδωμι

(1929) ἐπιδίδωμι: 3 person singular imperfect ἐπεδίδου; future ἐπιδώσω; 1 aorist ἐπέδωκα; 2 aorist participle plural ἐπιδόντες; 1 aorist passive ἐπεδόθην; [from Homer down]; to give over;

1. to hand, give by handing: τινί τι, Matthew 7:9; Luke 11:11; Luke 24:30, Luke 24:42; John 13:26 [R G L]; Acts 15:30; passive Luke 4:17.

2. to give over, i. e. give up to the power or will of one (German preisgeben): Acts 27:15 (namely, ἑαυτούς or τὸ πλοῖον τῷ ἀνέμῳ).

ἐπιδιορθόω

(1930) ἐπιδιορθόω (see διόρθωσις ): to set in order besides or further (what still remains to be set in order, [cf. ἐπί , D. 4]): Titus 1:5, where, for the common reading ἐπιδιορθώσῃ (1 aorist middle subjunctive), Lachmann has adopted ἐπιδιορθωσῃς (1 aorist active subjunctive). Found also in inscriptions (Boeckh ii. 409, 9), and in ecclesiastical writings.

ἐπιδύω

(1931) ἐπιδύω; to go down, set (of the sun): Ephesians 4:26, on which see ἐπί , B. 2 e. (Deuteronomy 24:17 (Deuteronomy 24:15); Jeremiah 15:9; [Philo de spec. legg. 28]; and with tmesis, Homer, Iliad 2, 413.)

ἐπιείκεια

(1932) ἐπιείκεια [WH -κία, see Ι, ι], -ας, ἡ, (ἐπιεικής, which see), mildness, gentleness, fairness ['sweet reasonableness' (Matthew Arnold)]: Acts 24:4; joined with πραότης [which see], 2 Corinthians 10:1; Plutarch, Pericl. 39; with φιλανθρωπία, Polybius 1, 14, 4; Philo, vit. Moys. i. § 36; with χρηστότης, Herodian, 5, 1, 12 [6 edition Bekker]. Cf. Plato, defin., p. 412 b.; Aristotle, eth. Nic. 5, 10. (Baruch 2:27; Wis. 2:19; Wis. 12:18; 2 Macc. 2:22; 3 Macc. 3:15.)

[Synonyms ἐπιείκεια πραότης: "πρ. magis ad animum; ἐπι. vero magi ad exteriorem converstionem pertinet " (Estius on 2 Corinthians 10:1). πρ. virtus magis absoluta ; ἐπι. magis refertur ad alios " (Bengel, ibid.). See at length Trench § 43.]

ἐπιεικής

(1933) ἐπιεικής, -ές (εἰκός, what is reasonable);

1. seemly, suitable, (from Homer down).

2. equitable, fair, mild, gentle: 1 Timothy 3:3; Titus 3:2; 1 Peter 2:18; James 3:17. Neuter τὸ ἐπιεικὲς (as often in Greek writings from Thucydides down) ὑμῶν equivalent to ἡ ἐπιείκεια ὑμῶν, Philippians 4:5. [See ἐπιείκεια , at the end.]

ἐπιζητέω

(1934) ἐπιζητέω, -ῶ; imperfect ἐπεζήτουν; 1 aorist ἐπεζήτησα; from Herodotus down; Sept. for דָּרַשׁ and in 1 Samuel 20:1; Ecclesiastes 7:29 (Ecclesiastes 7:28) for בִּקֵּשׁ; to inquire for, seek for, search for, seek diligently, (German herbeisuchen [the ἐπι- seems to be directive rather than intensive]): τινά, Luke 4:42 (for Rec. ἐζήτουν); Acts 12:19; equivalent to to desire, wish for, crave: τί, Matthew 6:32; Luke 12:30; Romans 11:7; Philippians 4:17; Hebrews 11:14; Hebrews 13:14; περί τινος, Acts 19:39 [R G T] (but if your inquiry or desire has reference to other matters); with the infinitive, Acts 13:7 (as in Polybius 3, 57, 7; Diodorus 19, 8); equivalent to to demand, clamor for: σημεῖον, Matthew 12:39; Matthew 16:4; Mark 8:12 R G; Luke 11:29 (where T Tr WH ζητεῖ [as L T Tr WH in Mark, the passage cited]).

ἐπιθανάτιος

(1935) ἐπιθανάτιος, -ον, (θάνατος), doomed to death: 1 Corinthians 4:9. (Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 7, 35.)

ἐπίθεσις

(1936) ἐπίθεσις, -εως, ἡ, (ἐπιτίθημι), a laying on, imposition: τῶν χειρῶν, Acts 8:18; 1 Timothy 4:14; 2 Timothy 1:6; Hebrews 6:2. The imposition of hands, χειροθεσία, was a sacred rite transmitted by the Jews to the Christians, and employed in praying for another, or in conferring upon him divine blessings, especially bodily health, or the Holy Spirit (at the administration of baptism and the inauguration to their office of the teachers and ministers of the church): Genesis 48:14; Numbers 27:18, Numbers 27:23; Deuteronomy 34:9; 2 Kings 5:11, etc.; Matthew 19:13; Mark 16:18; Acts 6:6; Acts 13:3; Acts 19:6, etc. [See B. D. under the word Baptism (supplement); McCl. and Strong and Dictionary of Christian Antiquities under the entry Imposition of Hands.]

ἐπιθυμέω

(1937) ἐπιθυμέω, -ῶ; [imperfect ἐπεθύμουν]; future ἐπιθυμήσω; 1 aorist ἐπεθύμησα; (θυμός); from Aeschylus down; Sept. for אִוָּה and חָמַד; properly, to keep the θυμός turned upon a thing, hence [cf. our to set one's heart upon] to have a desire for, long for; absolutely, to desire [A. V. lust], James 4:2; to lust after, covet, of those who seek things forbidden, Romans 7:7; Romans 13:9 (from Exodus 20:17); 1 Corinthians 10:6 (4 Macc. 2:6); κατά τινος, to have desires opposed to [A. V. lust against] a thing, Galatians 5:17 [Buttmann, 335 (288)]; τινός, to long for, covet a thing, Acts 20:33; 1 Timothy 3:1; of sexual desire, γυναικός, Matthew 5:28 Rec. [see below] (παιδὸς ἢ γυναικός, Xenophon, an. 4, 1, 14; with the genitive also in Exodus 34:24; Proverbs 21:26; Proverbs 23:3, Proverbs 23:6; Wis. 6:12; Sir. 24:19 (Sir. 24:18), etc.); contrary to the usage of the better Greek writings with the accusative of the object, Matthew 5:28 L Tr (WH brackets), and without an object Tdf. (Exodus 20:17; Deuteronomy 5:21; Micah 2:2; Wis. 16:3; Sir. 1:26 (Sir. 1:23), etc.; cf. Winer's Grammar § 30, 10 b.); as often in Greek writings, followed by the infinitive: Matthew 13:17; Luke 15:16; [Luke 16:21]; Luke 17:22; 1 Peter 1:12; Revelation 9:6; followed by the accusative with the infinitive Hebrews 6:11; ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα I have greatly desired, Luke 22:15; cf. Winers Grammar § 54, 3; Buttmann § 133, 22 a.

ἐπιθυμητής

(1938) ἐπιθυμητής, -οῦ, ὁ, (ἐπιθυμέω), one who longs for, a craver, lover, one eager for: κακῶν, 1 Corinthians 10:6 (Numbers 11:4). In Greek writings from Herodotus down.

ἐπιθυμία

(1939) ἐπιθυμία, ἐπιθυμίας, ἡ (ἐπιθυμέω) (from Herodotus on), the Sept. chiefly for תַּאֲוָה, אַוָּה, חֲמוּד; desire, craving, longing: Luke 22:15 (on which sevin ἐπιθυμέω, at the end); Revelation 18:14; τήν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχειν εἰς τί, the desire directed toward, Philippians 1:23; ἐν πολλή ἐπιθυμία with great desire, 1 Thessalonians 2:17; plural αἱ περί τά λοιπά ἐπιθυμίαι, Mark 4:19 (Winer s Grammar, § 30, 3 N. 5); specifically, desire for what is forbidden, lust (Vulg. concupiscentia ): Romans 7:7; James 1:14; 2 Peter 1:4; πάθος ἐπιθυμίας, 1 Thessalonians 4:5; ἐπιθυμία κακῇ, Colossians 3:5 (Proverbs 21:26; (Proverbs 12:12); Plato , legg. 9, p. 854 a.; πονηρά, Xenophon , mem. 1, 2, 64; ἀγαθή, Sir. 14:14 where see Fritzsche (who cites also Proverbs 11:23; Proverbs 13:12)); plural, Galatians 5:24; 1 Timothy 6:9; 2 Timothy 2:22; 2 Timothy 4:3; 1 Peter 1:14; 1 Peter 4:2; with a genitive of the object, ἐπιθυμία μιασμοῦ, for unclean contact, 2 Peter 2:10 (others with Winer 's Grammar, § 34, 3 b. take μιασμοῦ as the genitive of quality); with a genitive of the subject, αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι τῶν καρδιῶν, Romans 1:24; with a genitive of the thing by which the desire is excited, ἡ ἐπιθυμία τοῦ κόσμου, 1 John 2:17; τοῦ σώματος, Romans 6:12; τῆς ἀπάτης (see ἀπάτη ), Ephesians 4:22; τῆς σαρκός, τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, 1 John 2:16 (cf. Huther ad loc.); 2 Peter 2:18; τέλειν σαρκός, Galatians 5:16; αἱ σαρκικαι ἐπιθυμίαι, 1 Peter 2:11 (ψυχικαί, σωματικαί, 4 Macc. 1:32); αἱ κοσμικαι ἐπιθυμίαι, Titus 2:12; εἰς ἐπιθυμίας to arouse lusts, Romans 13:14; ποιεῖν τάς ἐπιθυμίας, John 8:44; ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις, Romans 6:12 (L T Tr WH ); δουλεύειν ἐπιθυμίαις (see δουλεύω , 2 b.), Titus 3:3; ἄγεσθαι ἐπιθυμίαις, 2 Timothy 3:6; πορεύεσθαι ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις, 1 Peter 4:3; πορεύεσθαι κατά τάς ἐπιθυμίας, Jude 1:16, Jude 1:18; 2 Peter 3:3; ἀναστρέφεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῆς σαρκός, Ephesians 2:3. (Synonym: cf. πάθος , and see Trench , § lxxxvii.)

ἐπικαθίζω

(1940) ἐπικαθίζω: 1 aorist ἐπεκάθισα;

1. to cause to sit upon, to set upon: Matthew 21:7 Rec.^elz

2. intransitive, to sit upon: Matthew, the passage cited [Rec.^st ] G L T Tr WH, others.