Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words

Evil Speaking — Eyewitness

Evil Speaking

1: βλασφημία
(Strong's #988 — Noun Feminine — blasphemia — blas-fay-me'-ah )

is translated "evil speaking" in Ephesians 4:31 , AV (RV, "railing"). See BLASPHEMY.

2: καταλαλιά
(Strong's #2636 — Noun Feminine — katalalia — kat-al-al-ee'-ah )

"evil speaking," 1 Peter 2:1 ; see BACKBITING.

Evil, Evil-Doer

A — 1: κακός
(Strong's #2556 — Adjective — kakos — kak-os' )

stands for "whatever is evil in character, base," in distinction (wherever the distinction is observable) from poneros (see No. 2), which indicates "what is evil in influence and effect, malignant." Kakos is the wider term and often covers the meaning of poneros. Kakos is antithetic to kalos, "fair, advisable, good in character," and to agathos, "beneficial, useful, good in act;" hence it denotes what is useless, incapable, bad; poneros is essentially antithetic to chrestos, "kind, gracious, serviceable;" hence it denotes what is destructive, injurious, evil. As evidence that poneros and kakos have much in common, though still not interchangeable, each is used of thoughts, cp. Matthew 15:19 with Mark 7:21 ; of speech, Matthew 5:11 with 1 Peter 3:10 ; of actions, 2 Timothy 4:18 with 1 Thessalonians 5:15 ; of man, Matthew 18:32 with Matthew 24:48 .

The use of kakos may be broadly divided as follows: (a) of what is morally or ethically "evil," whether of persons, e.g., Matthew 21:41 ; Matthew 24:48 ; Philippians 3:2 ; Revelation 2:2 , or qualities, emotions, passions, deeds, e.g., Mark 7:21 ; John 18:23, 30 ; Romans 1:30 ; Romans 3:8 ; Romans 7:19, 21 ; Romans 13:4 ; Romans 14:20 ; Romans 16:19 ; 1 Corinthians 13:5 ; 2 Corinthians 13:7 ; 1 Thessalonians 5:15 ; 1 Timothy 6:10 ; 2 Timothy 4:14 ; 1 Peter 3:9, 12 ; (b) of what is injurious, destructive, baneful, pernicious, e.g., Luke 16:25 ; Acts 16:28 ; Acts 28:5 ; Titus 1:12 ; James 3:8 ; Revelation 16:2 , where kakos and poneros come in that order, "noisome and grievous." See B, No. 3. For compounds of kakos, see below.

A — 2: πονηρός
(Strong's #4190 — Adjective — poneros — pon-ay-ros' )

akin to ponos, "labor, toil," denotes "evil that causes labor, pain, sorrow, malignant evil" (see No. 1); it is used (a) with the meaning bad, worthless, in the physical sense, Matthew 7:17, 18 ; in the moral or ethical sense, "evil," wicked; of persons, e.g., Matthew 7:11 ; Luke 6:45 ; Acts 17:5 ; 2 Thessalonians 3:2 ; 2 Timothy 3:13 ; of "evil" spirits, e.g., Matthew 12:45 ; Luke 7:21 ; Acts 19:12, 13, 15, 16 ; of a generation, Matthew 12:39, 45 ; Matthew 16:4 ; Luke 11:29 ; of things, e.g., Matthew 5:11 ; Matthew 6:23 ; Matthew 20:15 ; Mark 7:22 ; Luke 11:34 ; John 3:19 ; John 7:7 ; Acts 18:14 ; Galatians 1:4 ; Colossians 1:21 ; 1 Timothy 6:4 ; 2 Timothy 4:18 ; Hebrews 3:12 ; Hebrews 10:22 ; James 2:4 ; James 4:16 ; 1 John 3:12 ; 2 John 1:11 ; 3 John 1:10 ; (b) with the meaning toilsome, painful, Ephesians 5:16 ; Ephesians 6:13 ; Revelation 16:2 . Cp. poneria, "iniquity, wickedness." For its use as a noun see B, No. 2.

A — 3: φαῦλος
(Strong's #5337 — Adjective — phaulos — fow'-los )

primarily denotes "slight, trivial, blown about by every wind;" then, "mean, common, bad," in the sense of being worthless, paltry or contemptible, belonging to a low order of things; in John 5:29 , those who have practiced "evil" things, RV, "ill" (phaula), are set in contrast to those who have done good things (agatha); the same contrast is presented in Romans 9:11 ; 2 Corinthians 5:10 , in each of which the most authentic mss. have phaulos for kakos; he who practices "evil" things (RV, "ill") hates the light, John 3:20 ; jealousy and strife are accompanied by "every vile deed," James 3:16 . It is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 (see B, No. 4). See BAD , ILL , VILE.

B — 1: κακία
(Strong's #2549 — Noun Feminine — kakia — kak-ee'-ah )

primarily, "badness" in quality (akin to A, No. 1), denotes (a) "wickedness, depravity, malignity," e.g., Acts 8:22 , "wickedness;" Romans 1:29 , "maliciousness;" in James 1:21 , AV, "naughtiness;" (b) "the evil of trouble, affliction," Matthew 6:34 , only, and here alone translated "evil." See MALICE , MALICIOUSNESS , NAUGHTINESS , WICKEDNESS.

B — 2: πονηρός
(Strong's #4190 — Adjective — poneros — pon-ay-ros' )

the adjective (A, No. 2), is used as a noun, (a) of Satan as the "evil" one, Matthew 5:37 ; Matthew 6:13 ; Matthew 13:19, 38 ; Luke 11:4 (in some texts); John 17:15 ; Ephesians 6:16 ; 2 Thessalonians 3:3 ; 1 John 2:13, 14 ; 1 John 3:12 ; 1 John 5:18, 19 ; (b) of human beings, Matthew 5:45 ; (probably ver. 39); 13:49; 22:10; Luke 6:35 ; 1 Corinthians 5:13 ; (c) neuter, "evil (things)," Matthew 9:4 ; Matthew 12:35 ; Mark 7:23 ; Luke 3:19 ; "that which is evil," Luke 6:45 ; Romans 12:9 ; Acts 28:21 , "harm."

B — 3: κακός
(Strong's #2556 — Adjective — kakon — kak-os' )

the neuter of A, No. 1, is used with the article, as a noun, e.g., Acts 23:9 ; Romans 7:21 ; Hebrews 5:14 ; in the plural, "evil things," e.g., 1 Corinthians 10:6 ; 1 Timothy 6:10 , "all kinds of evil," RV.

B — 4: φαῦλος
(Strong's #5337 — Adjective — phaulon — fow'-los )

the neuter of A, No. 3, is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 .

B — 5: κακοποιός
(Strong's #2555 — Adjective — kakopois — kak-op-oy-os' )

properly the masculine gender of the adjective, denotes an "evil-doer" (kakon, "evil," poieo, "to do"), 1 Peter 2:12, 14 ; 1 Peter 4:15 ; in some mss. in 1 Peter 3:16 ; John 18:30 (so the AV). For a synonymous word see Note (1). Cp. the verb below. In the Sept., Proverbs 12:4 ; Proverbs 24:19 . See MALEFACTOR.

Notes: (1) Kakourgos, "an evil-worker" (kakon, "evil," ergon, "a work"), is translated "evil-doer" in 2 Timothy 2:9 , AV (RV, "malefactor"). Cp. Luke 23:32, 33, 39 .

(2) Adikema, "an injustice" (a, negative, dikaios, "just"), is translated "evil-doing," in Acts 24:20 , AV, RV, "wrong-doing." See INIQUITY , WRONG.

C — 1: κακόω
(Strong's #2559 — Verb — kakoo — kak-o'-o )

"to ill-treat" (akin to A, No. 1), is rendered "to entreat evil" in Acts 7:6, 19 ; "made (them) evil affected," Acts 14:2 . See AFFECT , AFFLICT , HARM , HURT , VEX.

C — 2: κακοποιέω
(Strong's #2554 — Verb — kakopoieo — kak-op-oy-eh'-o )

signifies "to do evil" (cp. B, No. 5), Mark 3:4 (RV, "to do harm"); so, Luke 6:9 ; in 3 John 1:11 , "doeth evil," in 1 Peter 3:17 , "evil doing." See HARM.

Note: Cp. kakologeo, "to speak evil" (see CURSE , SPEAK); kakopatheo, "to endure evil" (see ENDURE , SUFFER); kakopatheia, "suffering affliction" (see SUFFER); kakoucheo, "to suffer adversity" (see SUFFER).

D — 1: κακῶς
(Strong's #2560 — Adverb — kakos — kak-oce' )

"badly, evilly," akin to A, No. 1, is used in the physical sense, "to be sick," e.g., Matthew 4:24 ; Mark 1:32, 34 ; Luke 5:31 (see DISEASE). In Matthew 21:41 this adverb is used with the adjective, "He will miserably destroy those miserable men," more lit., "He will evilly destroy those men (evil as they are)," with stress on the adjective; (b) in the moral sense, "to speak evilly," John 18:23 ; Acts 23:5 ; "to ask evilly," James 4:3 . See AMISS , GRIEVOUSLY , SICK , SORE.

Exact

1: πράσσω
(Strong's #4238 — Verb — prasso — pras'-so )

"to do, to practice," also has the meaning of "transacting," or "managing in the matter of payment, to exact, to get money from a person," Luke 3:13 (RV, "extort"). Cp. the English idiom "to do a person in." This verb is rendered "required," in Luke 19:23 .

2: συκοφαντέω
(Strong's #4811 — Verb — sukophanteo — soo-kof-an-teh'-o )

"to accuse falsely," Luke 3:14 , has its other meaning, "to exact wrongfully," in Luke 19:8 . See ACCUSE.

Exact, Exactly

1: ἀκριβέστερον
(Strong's #197 — Adjective — akribesteron — ak-ree-bes'-ter-on )

the comparative degree of akribos, "accurately, carefully," is used in Acts 18:26 , AV, "more perfectly," RV, "more carefully;" Acts 23:15 , AV, "more perfectly," RV, "more exactly;" so Acts 23:20 ; Acts 24:22 , AV, "more perfect," RV, "more exact" (lit., "knowing more exactly"). See CAREFULLY , PERFECTLY. Cp. akribeia, "precision, exactness," Acts 22:3 , and akriboo, "to learn carefully, to enquire with exactness," Matthew 2:7, 16 .

Exalt, Exalted

A — 1: ὑψόω
(Strong's #5312 — Verb — hupsoo — hoop-so'-o )

"to lift up" (akin to hupsos, "height"), is used (a) literally of the "lifting" up of Christ in His crucifixion, John 3:14 ; John 8:28 ; John 12:32, 34 ; illustratively, of the serpent of brass, John 3:14 ; (b) figuratively, of spiritual privileges bestowed on a city, Matthew 11:23 ; Luke 10:15 ; of "raising" to dignity and happiness, Luke 1:52 ; Acts 13:17 ; of haughty self-exaltation, and, contrastingly, of being "raised" to honor, as a result of self-humbling, Matthew 23:12 ; Luke 14:11 ; Luke 18:14 ; of spiritual "uplifting" and revival, James 4:10 ; 1 Peter 5:6 ; of bringing into the blessings of salvation through the Gospel, 2 Corinthians 11:7 ; (c) with a combination of the literal and metaphorical, of the "exaltation" of Christ by God the Father, Acts 2:33 ; Acts 5:31 . See LIFT.

A — 2: ὑπερυψόω
(Strong's #5251 — Verb — huperupsoo — hoop-er-oop-so'-o )

"to exalt highly" (huper, "over," and No. 1), is used of Christ, as in No. 1, (c), in Philippians 2:9 .

A — 3: ἐπαίρω
(Strong's #1869 — Verb — epairo — ep-ahee'-ro )

"to lift up" (epi, "up," airo, "to raise"), is said (a) literally, of a sail, Acts 27:40 ; hands, Luke 24:50 ; 1 Timothy 2:8 ; heads, Luke 21:28 ; eyes, Matthew 17:8 , etc.; (b) metaphorically, of "exalting" oneself, being "lifted up" with pride, 2 Corinthians 10:5 ; 2 Corinthians 11:20 . See LIFT.

A — 4: ὑπεραίρω
(Strong's #5229 — Verb — huperairo — hoop-er-ah'ee-rom-ahee )

"to raise over" (huper, "above," and airo, see No. 3), is used in the Middle Voice, of "exalting" oneself exceedingly, 2 Corinthians 12:7 ; 2 Thessalonians 2:4 .

B — 1: ὑψηλός
(Strong's #5308 — Adjective — hupselos — hoop-say-los' )

"high, lofty," is used metaphorically in Luke 16:15 , as a noun with the article, RV, "that which is exalted," AV, "that which is highly esteemed." See ESTEEM , HIGH.

Note: For James 1:9 , RV, "in his high estate," see ESTATE , No. 3.

Examination, Examine

A — 1: ἀνάκρισις
(Strong's #351 — Noun Feminine — anakrisis — an-ak'-ree-sis )

from ana, "up or through," and krino, "to distinguish," was a legal term among the Greeks, denoting the preliminary investigation for gathering evidence for the information of the judges, Acts 25:26 .

B — 1: ἀνακρίνω
(Strong's #350 — Verb — anakrino — an-ak-ree'-no )

"to examine, investigate," is used (a) of searching or enquiry, Acts 17:11 ; 1 Corinthians 9:3 ; 1 Corinthians 10:25, 27 ; (b) of reaching a result of the enquiry, judging, 1 Corinthians 2:14, 15 ; 1 Corinthians 4:3, 4 ; 1 Corinthians 14:24 ; (c) forensically, of examining by torture, Luke 23:14 ; Acts 4:9 ; Acts 12:19 ; Acts 24:8 ; Acts 28:18 . See ASK , DISCERN , JUDGE , SEARCH.

B — 2: ἀνετάζω
(Strong's #426 — Verb — anetazo — an-et-ad'-zo )

"to examine judicially" (ana, "up," etazo, "to test"), is used in Acts 22:24, 29 . Cp. the synonymous verb exetazo, "to search" or "enquire carefully," Matthew 2:8 ; Matthew 10:11 ; John 21:12 .

B — 3: δοκιμάζω
(Strong's #1381 — Verb — dokimazo — dok-im-ad'-zo )

"to prove, test, approve," is rendered "examine" in 1 Corinthians 11:28 , AV (RV, "prove"). See APPROVE.

B — 4: πειράζω
(Strong's #3985 — Verb — peirazo — pi-rad'-zo )

"to tempt, try," is rendered "examine" in 2 Corinthians 13:5 , AV (RV, "try"). See GO , PROVE , TEMPT , TRY.

Example

A — 1: δεῖγμα
(Strong's #1164 — Noun Neuter — deigma — digh'-mah )

primarily "a thing shown, a specimen" (akin to deiknumi, "to show"), denotes an "example" given as a warning, Jude 1:7 . Note: The corresponding word in 2 Peter 2:6 is No. 2.

A — 2: ὑπόδειγμα
(Strong's #5262 — Noun Neuter — hupodeigma — hoop-od'-igue-mah )

see ENSAMPLE , No. 3.

A — 3: τύπος
(Strong's #5179 — Noun Masculine — tupos — too'-pos )

see ENSAMPLE , No. 1.

A — 4: ὑπογραμμός
(Strong's #5261 — Noun Masculine — hupogrammos — hoop-og-ram-mos' )

lit., "an under-writing" (from hupographo, "to write under, to trace letters" for copying by scholars); hence, "a writing-copy, an example," 1 Peter 2:21 , said of what Christ left for believers, by His sufferings (not expiatory, but exemplary), that they might "follow His steps."

B — 1: δειγματίζω
(Strong's #1165 — Verb — deigmatizo — digh-mat-id'-zo )

"to make a show of, to expose" (akin to A, No. 1), is translated "to make a public example," in Matthew 1:19 (some mss. have the strengthened form paradeigmatizo here; "put ... to an open shame," Hebrews 6:6 ); in Colossians 2:15 , "made a show of."

B — 2: ὑποδείκνυμι
(Strong's #5263 — Verb — hupodeiknumi — hoop-od-ike'-noo-mee )

primarily, "to show secretly" (hupo, "under," deiknumi, "to show"), "to show by tracing out" (akin to A, No. 2); hence, "to teach, to show by example," Acts 20:35 , RV, "I gave you an example," for AV, "I showed you." Elsewhere, "to warn," Matthew 3:7 ; Luke 3:7 ; Luke 12:5 , RV, for AV, "forewarn;" "to show," Luke 6:47 ; Acts 9:16 . See FOREWARN , SHOW , WARN.

Exceed, Exceeding, Exceedingly

A — 1: ὑπερβάλλω
(Strong's #5235 — Verb — huperballo — hoop-er-bal'-lo )

"to throw over or beyond" (huper, "over," ballo, "to throw"), is translated "exceeding" in 2 Corinthians 9:14 ; Ephesians 1:19 ; Ephesians 2:7 ; "excelleth" (RV, "surpasseth") in 2 Corinthians 3:10 ; "passeth" in Ephesians 3:19 ("surpasseth" might be the meaning here). See EXCEL , SURPASS. Cp. huperbole, under EXCEL, B, No. 1.

A — 2: περισσεύω
(Strong's #4052 — Verb — perisseuo — per-is-syoo'-o )

"to be over and above, over a certain number or measure, to abound, exceed," is translated "exceed" in Matthew 5:20 ; 2 Corinthians 3:9 . See ABUNDANCE , B, No. 1.

B — 1: λίαν
(Strong's #3029 — Adverb — lian — lee'-an )

"very, exceedingly," is translated "exceeding" in Matthew 2:16 (for ver. 10, see No. 2); 4:8; 8:28; Mark 9:3 ; Luke 23:8 . See GREATLY (GREAT), SORE , VERY.

B — 2: σφόδρα
(Strong's #4970 — Adverb — sphodra — sfod'-rah )

properly the neuter plural of sphodros, "excessive, violent" (from a root indicating restlessness), signifies "very, very much, exceedingly," Matthew 2:10 ; Matthew 17:6 , "sore;" Matthew 17:23 ; Matthew 18:31 , RV, "exceeding," for AV, "very;" Matthew 19:25 ; Matthew 26:22 ; Matthew 27:54 , RV, "exceedingly" for AV, "greatly;" Mark 16:4 , "very;" Luke 18:23 (ditto); Acts 6:7 , RV, "exceedingly," for AV, "greatly;" Revelation 16:21 . See GREATLY , SORE , VERY.

B — 3: σφοδρῶς
(Strong's #4971 — Adverb — sphodros — sfod-roce' )

"exceedingly" (see No. 2), is used in Acts 27:18 .

B — 4: περισσῶς
(Strong's #4057 — Adverb — perissos — per-is-soce' )

is used in Matthew 27:23 , RV, "exceedingly," for AV, "the more;" Mark 10:26 , RV, "exceedingly," for AV, "out of measure;" in Acts 26:11 , "exceedingly." In Mark 15:14 , the most authentic mss. have this word (RV, "exceedingly") for No. 5 (AV, "the more exceedingly"). See MORE.

B — 5: περισσοτέρως
(Strong's #4056 — Adverb — perissoteros — per-is-sot-er'-oce )

the comparative degree of No. 4, "abundantly, exceedingly" (akin to A, No. 2), Galatians 1:14 , "more exceedingly;" 1 Thessalonians 2:17 , RV, "the more exceedingly," for AV, "the more abundantly;" see ABUNDANCE , D, No. 2.

B — 6: χόρτος
(Strong's #5528 1537 4053 — Noun Masculine — huperekperissou — khor'-tos )

denotes "superabundantly" (huper, "over," ek, "from," perissos, "abundant"); in 1 Thessalonians 3:10 , "exceedingly;" Ephesians 3:20 , "exceeding abundantly." Another form, huperekperissos (huper, and ek and No. 4), is used in 1 Thessalonians 5:13 (in the best mss.), "exceeding highly." Cp. the verb huperperisseuo, "to abound more exceedingly," Romans 5:21 ; in 2 Corinthians 7:4 , "I overflow (with joy)," RV, for AV, "I am exceeding (joyful). See ABUNDANT , D, No. 2.

Notes: (1) In Acts 7:20 , the phrase "exceeding fair" (asteios) is, lit., "fair to God" (see marg.). (2) In Matthew 26:7 , barutimos (barus, "weighty," time "value"), is rendered "exceeding precious," RV, for AV, "very precious." (3) In Mark 4:41 , "they feared exceedingly" is, lit., "they feared a great fear." see FEAR. (4) For other combinations of the adverb, see GLAD , GREAT , JOYFUL, SORROWFUL , SORRY.

Excel, Excellency, Excellent

A — 1: ὑπερβάλλω
(Strong's #5235 — Verb — huperballo — hoop-er-bal'-lo )

lit., "to throw over:" see EXCEED , No. 1.

A — 2: περισσεύω
(Strong's #4052 — Verb — perisseuo — per-is-syoo'-o )

"to be over and above," is rendered "abound" in 1 Corinthians 14:12 , RV, for AV, "excel." See ABUNDANCE , B, No. 1, and EXCEED, A, No. 2.

A — 3: ὑπερέχω
(Strong's #5242 — Verb — huperecho — hoop-er-ekh'-o )

lit., "to have over" (huper, "over," echo, "to have"), is translated "excellency" in Philippians 3:8 , "the surpassingness" (Moule); the phrase could be translated "the surpassing thing, which consists in the knowledge of Christ Jesus," and this is the probable meaning. This verb is used three times in Philippians, here and in Philippians 2:3 ; Philippians 4:7 . See also Romans 13:1 ; 1 Peter 2:13 . See BETTER , No. 4.

A — 4: διαφέρω
(Strong's #1308 — — diaphero — dee-af-er'-o )

"to differ," is used in the neuter plural of the present participle with the article, in Philippians 1:10 , "the things that are excellent" (marg., "the things that differ"), lit., "the excellent things." See DIFFER.

B — 1: ὑπερβολή
(Strong's #5236 — Noun Feminine — huperbole — hoop-er-bol-ay' )

lit., "a throwing beyond," hence, "a surpassing, an excellence," is translated "excellency" in 2 Corinthians 4:7 , AV; RV, "exceeding greatness." It always betokens pre-eminence. It is used with kata, "according to," in the phrase kath' huperbolen, signifying "beyond measure, exceedingly," Romans 7:13 , "exceeding sinful;" in 2 Corinthians 1:8 , RV, "exceedingly," for AV, "out of measure;" in Galatians 1:13 , "beyond measure;" in 1 Corinthians 12:31 , "more excellent." In 2 Corinthians 4:17 , there is an expanded phrase kath' huperbolen eis huperbolen, lit., "according to a surpassing unto a surpassing," RV, "more and more exceedingly," which corrects the AV, "a far more exceedingly;" the phrase refers to "worketh," showing the surpassing degree of its operation, and not to the noun "weight" (nor does it qualify, "eternal"). In 2 Corinthians 12:7 , the RV has "exceeding greatness," the AV, "abundance." See ABUNDANCE.

B — 2: ὑπεροχή
(Strong's #5247 — Noun Feminine — huperoche — hoop-er-okh-ay' )

akin to A, No. 3, strictly speaking, "the act of overhanging" (huper, and echo, "to hold") or "the thing which overhangs," hence, "superiority, preeminence," is translated "excellency (of speech)" in 1 Corinthians 2:1 ; elsewhere, in 1 Timothy 2:2 , RV, "high place," for AV, "authority." See AUTHORITY , PLACE.

Note: In 1 Peter 2:9 RV renders arete (virtue) "excellencies."

C — 1: μεγαλοπρεπής
(Strong's #3169 — Adjective — megaloprepes — meg-al-op-rep-ace' )

signifies "magnificent, majestic, that which is becoming to a great man" (from megas, "great," and prepo, "to be fitting or becoming"), in 2 Peter 1:17 , "excellent."

C — 2: διάφορος
(Strong's #1313 — Adjective — diaphoroteros — dee-af'-or-os )

comparative degree of diaphoros, "excellent," akin to A, No. 4, is used twice, in Hebrews 1:4 , "more excellent (name)," and Hebrews 8:6 , "more excellent (ministry)." For the positive degree see Romans 12:6 ; Hebrews 9:10 . See under DIFFER.

C — 3: πλείων
(Strong's #4119 — Adjective — pleion — pli'-own, pli'-on, pleh'-on )

"more, greater," the comparative degree of polus, "much," is translated "more excellent" in Hebrews 11:4 , of Abel's sacrifice; pleion is used sometimes of that which is superior by reason of inward worth, cp. Hebrews 3:3 , "more (honor);" in Matthew 6:25 , of the life in comparison with meat.

C — 4: κράτιστος
(Strong's #2903 — Adjective — kratistos — krat'-is-tos )

"mightiest, noblest, best," the superlative degree of kratus, "strong" (cp. kratos, "strength"), is used as a title of honor and respect, "most excellent," Luke 1:3 (Theophilus was quite possibly a man of high rank); Acts 23:26 ; Acts 24:3 ; Acts 26:25 , RV, for AV, "most noble."

Note: The phrase kath' huperbolen (for which see B, No. 1) is translated "more excellent" in 1 Corinthians 12:31 .

Except, Excepted

1: ἐκτός
(Strong's #1622 — Adverb — ektos — ek-tos' )

an adverb, lit., "outside," is used with ei me, as an extended conjunction signifying "except;" so in 1 Corinthians 14:5 ; in 1 Corinthians 15:2 , RV, for AV, "unless;" in 1 Timothy 5:19 , RV, for AV, "but." It has the force of a preposition in the sense of (a) "outside of," in 1 Corinthians 6:18 , "without;" in 2 Corinthians 12:2 , "out of;" (b) "besides," except, in Acts 26:22 , RV, "but," for AV, "other than;" in 1 Corinthians 15:27 "excepted." For its use as a noun see Matthew 26:26 , "(the) outside." See OTHER , OUT OF , OUTSIDE , UNLESS , WITHOUT.

2: παρεκτός
(Strong's #3924 — Adverb — parektos — par-ek-tos' )

a strengthened form of No. 1 (para, beside), is used (a) as an adverb, signifying "without," 2 Corinthians 11:28 ; lit., "the things without," i.e., the things happening without; (b) as a preposition signifying "except;" in Matthew 5:32 , "saving;" in Acts 26:29 , "except."

Note: In Matthew 19:9 , the AV and RV, translating the mss. which have the negative me, followed by epi, render it "except for." The authorities mentioned in the RV marg. have parektos, followed by logou, i.e., "saving for the cause of."

3: πλήν
(Strong's #4133 — Adverb — plen — plane )

an adverb, most frequently signifying "yet, howbeit," or "only," sometimes has the meaning "except (that)," "save (that)," Acts 20:23 ; Philippians 1:18 , RV, "only that," for AV, "notwithstanding." It is also used as a preposition, signifying "except, save," Mark 12:32 , "but;" John 8:10 , "but" (AV only); Acts 8:1 , "except;" Acts 15:28 , "than," 27:22, "but (only)."

Excess

1: ἀκρασία
(Strong's #192 — Noun Feminine — akrasia — ak-ras-ee'-a )

lit. denotes "want of strength" (a negative, kratos, "strength"), hence, "want of self-control, incontinence," Matthew 23:25 , "excess;" 1 Corinthians 7:5 , "incontinency." Cp. akrates, "powerless, incontinent," 2 Timothy 3:3 , RV, "without self-control."

2: ἀνάχυσις
(Strong's #401 — Noun Feminine — anachusis — an-akh'-oo-sis )

lit., "a pouring out, overflowing" (akin to anacheo, "to pour out"), is used metaphorically in 1 Peter 4:4 , "excess," said of the riotous conduct described in ver. 3.

Notes: (1) Asotia denotes "prodigality, profligacy, riot" (from a, negative, and sozo, "to save"); it is translated "riot" in Ephesians 5:18 , RV, for AV, "excess;" in Titus 1:6 ; 1 Peter 4:4 , "riot" in AV and RV. See RIOT. Cp. the adverb asotos, "wastefully," "in riotous living," Luke 15:13 . A synonymous noun is aselgeia, "lasciviousness, outrageous conduct, wanton violence."

(2) In 1 Peter 4:3 , oinophlugia, "drunkenness, debauchery" (oinos, "wine," phluo, "to bubble up, overflow"), is rendered "excess of wine," AV (RV, "winebibbings").

Exchange

A — 1: ἀντάλλαγμα
(Strong's #465 — Noun Neuter — antallagma — an-tal'-ag-mah )

"the price received as an equivalent of, or in exchange for, an ariticle, an exchange" (anti, "instead of," allasso "to change," akin to allos, "another"), hence denotes the price at which the "exchange" is effected, Matthew 16:26 ; Mark 8:37 . Connected with this is the conception of atonement, as in the word lutron, "a ransom." Cp. allagma in the Sept., e.g., in Isaiah 43:3 .

B — 1: μεταλλάσσω
(Strong's #3337 — Verb — metallasso — met-al-las'-so )

denotes (a) "to exchange," meta, "with," implying change, and allasso (see A), Romans 1:25 , of "exchanging" the truth for a lie, RV , for AV, "changed;" (b) "to change," Romans 1:26 , a different meaning from that in the preceding verse. See CHANGE. In the Sept., Esther 2:7, 20 .

Note: In Luke 24:17 , "what communications are these that ye have one with another?" the verb antiballo, "to throw in turn, to exchange," is used of conversation, lit., "what words are these that ye exchange one with another?"

Exchangers

* For EXCHANGERS see BANKERS

Exclude

1: ἐκκλείω
(Strong's #1576 — Verb — ekkleio — ek-kli'-o )

"to shut out" (ek, "from," kleio, "to shut"), is said of glorying in works as a means of justification, Romans 3:27 ; of Gentiles, who by Judaism would be "excluded" from salvation and Christian fellowship, Galatians 4:17 .

Excuse

A — 1: πρόφασις
(Strong's #4392 — Noun Feminine — prophasis — prof'-as-is )

"a pretense, pretext" (from pro, "before," and phemi, "to say"), is translated "excuse" in John 15:22 , RV, for AV, "cloke;" "cloke in 1 Thessalonians 2:5 AV and RV. See CLOKE , PRETENCE, SHOW (Noun).

B — 1: ἀναπολόγητος
(Strong's #379 — Adjective — anapologetos — an-ap-ol-og'-ay-tos )

"without excuse, inexcusable" (a negative, n, euphonic, and apologeomai, see C, No. 1, below), is used, Romans 1:20 , "without excuse," of those who reject the revelation of God in creation; Romans 2:1 , RV, for AV, "inexcusable," of the Jew who judges the Gentile.

C — 1: ἀπολογέομαι
(Strong's #626 — Verb — apologeomai — ap-ol-og-eh'-om-ahee )

lit., "to speak oneself off," hence "to plead for oneself," and so, in general, (a) "to defend," as before a tribunal; in Romans 2:15 , RV, "excusing them," means one "excusing" others (not themselves); the preceding phrase "one with another" signifies one person with another, not one thought with another; it may be paraphrased, "their thoughts with one another, condemning or else excusing one another;" conscience provides a moral standard by which men judge one another; (b) "to excuse" oneself, 2 Corinthians 12:19 ; cp. B. See ANSWER.

C — 2: παραιτέομαι
(Strong's #3868 — Verb — paraiteomai — par-ahee-teh'-om-ahee )

is used in the sense of "begging off, asking to be excused or making an excuse," in Luke 14:18 (twice),19. In the first part of ver. 18 the verb is used in the Middle Voice, "to make excuse" (acting in imagined self-interest); in the latter part and in ver. 19 it is in the Passive Voice, "have me excused."

Excute

1: ποιέω
(Strong's #4160 — Verb — poieo — poy-eh'-o )

"to do, to make," is thrice rendered "execute," of the Lord's authority and acts in "executing" judgment, (a) of His authority as the One to whom judgment is committed, John 5:27 ; (b) of the judgment which He will mete out to all transgressors at His Second Advent, Jude 1:15 ; (c) of the carrying out of His Word (not "work," as in the AV) in the earth, especially regarding the nation of Israel, the mass being rejected, the remnant saved, Romans 9:28 . That He will "execute His Word finishing and cutting it short," is expressive of the summary and decisive character of His action. See DO.

2: ἱερατεύω
(Strong's #2407 — Verb — hierateuo — hee-er-at-yoo'-o )

"to be a priest, to officiate as such," is translated "executed the priest's office," in Luke 1:8 . It occurs frequently in the Sept., and in inscriptions. Cp. hierateuma, "priesthood," 1 Peter 2:5, 9 ; hierateia, "a priest's office," Luke 1:9 ; Hebrews 7:5 ; hiereus, "a priest," and hieros, "sacred."

Executioner

* For EXECUTIONER, Mark 6:27 , see GUARD , A, No. 2

Exercise

A — 1: γυμνάζω
(Strong's #1128 — Verb — gumnazo — goom-nad'-zo )

primarily signifies "to exercise naked" (from gumnos, "naked"); then, generally, "to exercise, to train the body or mind" (Eng., "gymnastic"), 1 Timothy 4:7 , with a view to godliness; Hebrews 5:14 , of the senses, so as to discern good and evil; Hebrews 12:11 , of the effect of chastening, the spiritual "exercise" producing the fruit of righteousness; 2 Peter 2:14 , of certain evil teachers with hearts "exercised in covetousness," RV.

A — 2: ἀσκέω
(Strong's #778 — Verb — askeo — as-keh'-o )

signifies "to form by art, to adorn, to work up raw material with skill;" hence, in general, "to take pains, endeavor, exercise by training or discipline," with a view to a conscience void of offense, Acts 24:16 .

A — 3: ποιέω
(Strong's #4160 — Verb — poieo — poy-eh'-o )

"to do," is translated "exerciseth" in Revelation 13:12 , said of the authority of the second "Beast." Cp. EXECUTE. See DO.

Notes: The following verbs contain in translation the word "exercise" but belong to other headings: exousiazo, "to exercise authority over," Luke 22:25 (exousia, "authority"); in the first part of this verse, the verb kurieuo, "to be lord," is translated "exercise lordship," AV (RV, "have lordship"); katexousiazo, a strengthened form of the preceding (kata, "down," intensive), Matthew 20:25 ; Mark 10:42 , "exercise authority" (in the first part of these verses the synonymous (in the first part of these verses the synonymous verb katakurieuo, is rendered "Lord it," RV, for AV, "exercise dominion," and "exercise lordship," respectively); episkopeo, "to look over or upon" (epi, "over," skopeo, "to look"), "to care for," 1 Peter 5:2 (absent in some mss.), RV, "exercising the oversight," for AV "taking, etc."

B — 1: γυμνασία
(Strong's #1129 — Noun Feminine — gumnasia — goom-nas-ee'-ah )

primarily denotes "gymnastic exercise" (akin to A, No. 1), 1 Timothy 4:8 , where the immediate reference is probably not to mere physical training for games but to discipline of the body such as that to which the Apostle refers in 1 Corinthians 9:27 , though there may be an allusion to the practices of asceticism.

Exhort, Exhortation

A — 1: παρακαλέω
(Strong's #3870 — Verb — parakaleo — par-ak-al-eh'-o )

primarily, "to call to a person" (para, "to the side," kaleo, "to call"), denotes (a) "to call on, entreat;" see BESEECH; (b) "to admonish, exhort, to urge" one to pursue some course of conduct (always prospective, looking to the future, in contrast to the meaning to comfort, which is retrospective, having to do with trial experienced), translated "exhort" in the RV of Philippians 4:2 ; 1 Thessalonians 4:10 ; Hebrews 13:19, 22 , for AV, "beseech;" in 1 Timothy 5:1 , for AV, "intreat;" in 1 Thessalonians 5:11 , for AV, "comfort;" "exhorted" in 2 Corinthians 8:6 ; 2 Corinthians 12:18 , for AV, "desired;" in 1 Timothy 1:3 , for AV, "besought." See BESEECH.

A — 2: παραινέω
(Strong's #3867 — Verb — paraineo — par-ahee-neh'-o )

primarily, "to speak of near" (para, "near," and aineo, "to tell of, speak of," then, "to recommend"), hence, "to advise, exhort, warn," is used in Acts 27:9 , "admonished," and Acts 27:22 , "I exhort," See ADMONISH.

A — 3: προτρέπω
(Strong's #4389 — Verb — protrepo — prot-rep'-om-ahee )

lit., "to turn forward, propel" (pro, "before," trepo, "to turn"); hence, "to impel morally, to urge forward, encourage," is used in Acts 18:27 , RV, "encouraged him" (Apollos), with reference to his going into Achaia; AV, "exhorting the disciples;" while the encouragement was given to Apollos, a letter was written to the disciples in Achaia to receive him.

B — 1: παράκλησις
(Strong's #3874 — Noun Feminine — paraklesis — par-ak'-lay-sis )

akin to A, No. 1, primarily "a calling to one's side," and so "to one's aid," hence denotes (a) an appeal, "entreaty," 2 Corinthians 8:4 ; (b) encouragement, "exhortation," e.g., Romans 12:8 ; in Acts 4:36 , RV, "exhortation," for AV, "consolation;" (c) "consolation and comfort," e.g., Romans 15:4 . See COMFORT. Cp. parakletos, "an advocate, comforter."

Exist

1: ὑπάρχω
(Strong's #5225 — Verb — huparcho — hoop-ar'-kho )

primarily, "to make a beginning" (hupo, "under," arche, "a beginning"), denotes "to be, to be in existence," involving an "existence" or condition both previous to the circumstances mentioned and continuing after it. This is important in Philippians 2:6 , concerning the deity of Christ. The phrase "being (existing) in the form (morphe, the essential and specific form and character) of God," carries with it the two facts of the antecedent Godhood of Christ, previous to His incarnation, and the continuance of His Godhood at and after the event of His Birth (see Gifford, on the Incarnation, pp. 11, sqq.). It is translated "exist" in 1 Corinthians 11:18 , RV, for AV, "there be." Cp. Luke 16:14 ; Luke 23:50 ; Acts 2:30 ; Acts 3:2 ; Acts 17:24 ; Acts 22:3 etc. See BEING , GOODS , LIVE , POSSESS , SUBSTANCE.

Exorcist

1: ἐξορκιστής
(Strong's #1845 — Noun Masculine — exorkistes — ex-or-kis-tace' )

denotes (a) "one who administers an oath;" (b) "an exorcist" (akin to exorkizo, "to adjure," from orkos, "an oath"), "one who empolys a formula of conjuration for the expulsion of demons," Acts 19:13 . The practice of "exorcism" was carried on by strolling Jews, who used their power in the recitation of particular names.

Expect, Expectation

A — 1: ἐκδέχομαι
(Strong's #1551 — Verb — ekdechomai — ek-dekh'-om-ahee )

lit. and primarily, "to take or receive from" (ek, "from," dechomai, "to receive"), hence denotes "to await, expect," the only sense of the word in the NT; it suggests a reaching out in readiness to receive something; "expecting," Hebrews 10:13 ; "expect," 1 Corinthians 16:11 , RV (AV, "look for"); to wait for, John 5:3 (AV only); Acts 17:16 ; 1 Corinthians 11:33 , RV (AV, "tarry for"); James 5:7 ; to wait, 1 Peter 3:20 in some mss.; "looked for," Hebrews 11:10 . Cp. B, No. 1. See LOOK , TARRY , WAIT.

A — 2: προσδοκάω
(Strong's #4328 — Verb — prosdokao — pros-dok-ah'-o )

"to watch toward, to look for, expect" (pros, "toward," dokeo, "to think:" dokao "does not exist"), is translated "expecting" in Matthew 24:50 ; Luke 12:46 , RV (AV, "looketh for"); Luke 3:15 , "were in expectation;" Acts 3:5 , "expecting" (AV and RV); Acts 28:6 (twice), "expected that," RV (AV, "looked when") and "when they were long in expectation" (AV, "after they had looked a great while"). See LOOK , TARRY , WAIT.

B — 1: ἀποκαραδοκία
(Strong's #603 — Noun Feminine — apokaradokia — ap-ok-ar-ad-ok-ee'-ah )

primarily "a watching with outstretched head" (apo, "from," kara, "the head," and dokeo, "to look, to watch"), signifies "strained expectancy, eager longing," the stretching forth of the head indicating an "expectation" of something from a certain place, Romans 8:19 ; Philippians 1:20 . The prefix apo suggests "abstraction and absorption" (Lightfoot), i.e., abstraction from anything else that might engage the attention, and absorption in the object expected "till the fulfillment is realized" (Alford). The intensive character of the noun, in comparsion with No. 2 (below), is clear from the contexts; in Romans 8:19 it is said figuratively of the creation as waiting for the revealing of the sons of God ("waiting" translates the verb apekdechomai, a strengthened form of A, No. 1; see WAIT FOR). In Philippians 1:20 the Apostle states it as his "earnest expectation" and hope, that, instead of being put to shame, Christ shall be magnified in his body, "whether by life, or by death," suggesting absorption in the person of Christ, abstraction from aught that hinders.

B — 2: προσδοκία
(Strong's #4329 — Noun Feminine — prosdokia — pros-dok-ee'-ah )

"a watching for, expectation" (akin to A, No. 2, which see), is used in the NT only of the "expectation" of evil, Luke 21:26 , RV, "expectation," AV, "looking for," regarding impending calamities; Acts 12:11 , "the expectation" of the execution of Peter.

B — 3: ἐκδοχή
(Strong's #1561 — Noun Feminine — ekdoche — ek-dokh-ay' )

primarily "a receiving from," hence "expectation" (akin to A, No. 1), is used in Hebrews 10:27 (RV, "expectation;" AV, "looking for"), of judgment.

Expedient

1: συμφέρω
(Strong's #4851 — Verb — sumphero — soom-fer'-o )

signifies (a), transitively, lit., "to bring together," (sun, "with," phero, "to bring"), Acts 19:19 ; (b) intransitively, "to be an advantage, profitable, expedient" (not merely 'convenient'); it is used mostly impersonally, "it is (it was) expedient;" so in Matthew 19:10 , RV (negatively), AV, "it is (not) good;" John 11:50 ; John 16:7 ; John 18:14 ; 1 Corinthians 6:12 ; 1 Corinthians 10:23 ; 2 Corinthians 8:10 ; 2 Corinthians 12:1 ; "it is profitable," Matthew 5:29, 30 ; Matthew 18:6 , RV; "was profitable," Acts 20:20 ; "to profit withal," 1 Corinthians 12:7 ; in Hebrews 12:10 , used in the neuter of the present participle with the article as a noun, "for (our) profit." See PROFIT. Cp. the adjective sumphoros (or sumpheron), "profitable," used with the article as a noun, 1 Corinthians 7:35 ; 1 Corinthians 10:33 .

Expelled

* For EXPELLED, Acts 13:50 , AV, see CAST , No. 5

Experience, Experiment

1: ἄπειρος
(Strong's #552 — Adjective — apeiros — ap'-i-ros )

"without experience" (a, negative, peira, "a trial, experiment"), is used in Hebrews 5:13 , RV, "without experience," AV, "unskillful," with reference to "the word of righteousness." In the Sept., Numbers 14:23 , of youths; Jeremiah 2:6 , of a land, "untried;" Zechariah 11:15 , of a shepherd.

2: δοκιμή
(Strong's #1382 — Noun Feminine — dokime — dok-ee-may' )

means (a) "the process of proving;" it is rendered "experiment" in 2 Corinthians 9:13 , AV, RV, "the proving (of you);" in 2 Corinthians 8:2 , AV, "trial," RV, "proof;" (b) "the effect of proving, approval, approvedness," RV, "probation," Romans 5:4 (twice), for AV, "experience;" AV and RV, "proof" in 2 Corinthians 2:9 ; 2 Corinthians 13:3 ; Philippians 2:22 . See EXPERIENCE , PROOF. Cp. dokimos, "approved," dokimazo, "to prove, approve;" see APPROVE.

Expert

1: γνώστης
(Strong's #1109 — Noun Masculine — gnostes — gnoce'-tace )

"one who knows" (akin to ginosko, "to know"), denotes "an expert, a connoisseur," Acts 26:3 . Cp. gnostos, "known."

Expire

* Note: In Acts 7:30 , the AV "were expired" translates the verb pleroo, "to fulfill" (RV). See FULFILL. In Revelation 20:7 , the AV "are expired" translates the verb teleo, "to finish" (RV). See FINISH.

Explain

1: διασαφέω
(Strong's #1285 — Verb — diasapheo — dee-as-af-eh'-o )

"to make clear, explain fully" (dia "through," intensive, and saphes, "clear"), is translated "explain" in Matthew 13:36 RV (AV, "declare") translates phrazo; in Matthew 18:31 , "told," of the account of the unforgiving debtor's doings given by his fellow-servants. The preferable rendering would be "they made clear" or "they explained," suggesting a detailed explanation of the circumstances.

Expound

1: ἐκτίθημι
(Strong's #1620 — Verb — ektithemi — ek-tith'-ay-mee )

"to set out, expose" (ek, "out," tithemi, "to place"), is used (a) literally, Acts 7:21 ; (b) metaphorically, in the Middle Voice, to set forth, "expound," of circumstances, Acts 11:4 ; of the way of God, Acts 18:26 ; of the kingdom of God, Acts 28:23 .

2: ἐπιλύω
(Strong's #1956 — Verb — epiluo — ep-ee-loo'-o )

primarily, "to loose, release," a strengthened form of luo, "to loose," signifies "to solve, explain, expound," Mark 4:34 , "expounded;" in Acts 19:39 , of settling a controversy, RV, "it shall be settled," for AV, "it shall be determined." See DETERMINE. Cp. epilusis, "an interpretation," 2 Peter 1:20 .

3: διερμηνεύω
(Strong's #1329 — Verb — diermeneuo — dee-er-main-yoo'-o )

"to interpret fully" (dia, "through," intensive, hermeneuo, "to interpret"); (Eng., "hermeneutics"), is translated, "He expounded" in Luke 24:27 , AV, RV, "interpreted;" in Acts 9:36 , "by interpretation," lit., "being interpreted;" see also 1 Corinthians 12:30 ; 1 Corinthians 14:5, 13, 27 . See INTERPRET.

Express

* For EXPRESS, Hebrews 1:3 , AV, see IMAGE , No. 2

Expressly

1: ῥητῶς
(Strong's #4490 — Adverb — rhetos — hray-toce' )

meaning "in stated terms" (from rhetos, "stated, specified;" from rheo, or ero, "to say;" cp. rhema, "a word"), is used in 1 Timothy 4:1 , "expressly."

Extort, Extortion, Extortioner

A — 1: πράσσω
(Strong's #4238 — Verb — prasso — pras'-so )

"to practice," has the special meaning "extort" in Luke 3:13 , RV (AV, "exact"). In Luke 19:23 it is translated "required;" it may be that the master, in addressing the slothful servant, uses the word "extort" or "exact" (as in Luke 3:13 ), in accordance with the character attributed to him by the servant.

B — 1: ἁρπαγή
(Strong's #724 — Noun Feminine — harpage — har-pag-ay' )

denotes "pillage, plundering, robbery, extortion" (akin to harpazo, "to seize, carry off by force," and harpagmos, "a thing seized, or the act of seizing;" from the root arp---, seen in Eng., "rapacious;" an associated noun, with the same spelling, denoted a rake, or hook for drawing up a bucket); it is translated "extortion" in Matthew 23:25 ; Luke 11:39 , RV, AV, "ravening;" Hebrews 10:34 , "spoiling." See RAVENING , SPOILING. Cp. C. below.

B — 2: πλεονεξία
(Strong's #4124 — Noun Feminine — pleonexia — pleh-on-ex-ee'-ah )

"covetousness, desire for advantage," is rendered "extortion" in 2 Corinthians 9:5 , RV, (AV and RV marg., "covetousness"). See COVET.

C — 1: ἅρπαξ
(Strong's #727 — Adjective — harpax — har'-pax )

"rapacious" (akin to No. 1), is translated as a noun, "extortioners," in Luke 18:11 ; 1 Corinthians 5:10, 11 ; 1 Corinthians 6:10 ; in Matthew 7:15 "ravening" (of wolves). In the Sept., Genesis 49:27 .

Eye

1: ὀφθαλμός
(Strong's #3788 — Noun Masculine — ophthalmos — of-thal-mos' )

akin to opsis, "sight," probably from a root signifying "penetration, sharpness" (Curtius, Gk. Etym.) (cp. Eng., "ophthalmia," etc.). is used (a) of the physical organ, e.g., Matthew 5:38 ; of restoring sight, e.g., Matthew 20:33 ; of God's power of vision, Hebrews 4:13 ; 1 Peter 3:12 ; of Christ in vision, Revelation 1:14 ; Revelation 2:18 ; Revelation 19:12 ; of the Holy Spirit in the unity of Godhood with Christ, Revelation 5:6 ; (b) metaphorically, of ethical qualities, evil, Matthew 6:23 ; Mark 7:22 (by metonymy, for envy); singleness of motive, Matthew 6:22 ; Luke 11:34 ; as the instrument of evil desire, "the principal avenue of temptation," 1 John 2:16 ; of adultery, 2 Peter 2:14 ; (c) metaphorically, of mental vision, Matthew 13:15 ; John 12:40 ; Romans 11:8 ; Galatians 3:1 , where the metaphor of the "evil eye" is altered to a different sense from that of bewitching (the posting up or placarding of an "eye" was used as a charm, to prevent mischief); by Gospel-preaching Christ had been, so to speak, placarded before their "eyes;" the question may be paraphrased, "What evil teachers have been malignly fascinating you?;" Ephesians 1:18 , of the "eyes of the heart," as a means of knowledge.

2: ὄμμα
(Strong's #3659 — Noun Neuter — omma — om'-mah )

"sight," is used in the plural in Matthew 20:34 (No. 1 is used in ver. 33); Mark 8:23 (No. 1 is used in ver. 25). The word is more poetical in usage than No. 1, and the writers may have changed the word with a view to distinguishing the simple desire of the blind man from the tender act of the Lord Himself.

3: τρυμαλιά
(Strong's #5168 — Noun Feminine — trumalia — troo-mal-ee-ah' )

is used of the "eye" of a needle, Mark 10:25 (from trume, "a hole," truo, "to wear away"). Cp. trema, "a hole, perforation," Matthew 19:24 (some texts have trupema, "a hole," from trupao, "to bore a hole"); Luke 18:25 , as in the most authentic mss. (some texts have trumalia here).

Eye (2)

1: ὀφθαλμός
(Strong's #3788 — Noun Masculine — ophthalmos — of-thal-mos' )

2: ὄμμα
(Strong's #3659 — Noun Neuter — omma — om'-mah )

3: τρυμαλιά
(Strong's #5168 — Noun Feminine — trumalia — troo-mal-ee-ah' )

Eye-Salve

1: κολλούριον
(Strong's #2854 — Noun Neuter — kollourion — kol-loo'-ree-on )

primarily a diminutive of kollura, and denoting "a coarse bread roll" (as in the Sept. of 1 Kings 12 : after ver. 24, lines 30,32,39; Eng. version, 1 Kings 14:3 ), hence an "eye-salve," shaped like a roll, Revelation 3:18 , of the true knowledge of one's condition and of the claims of Christ. The word is doubtless an allusion to the Phrygian powder used by oculists in the famous medical school at Laodicea (Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, Vol. I, p. 52).

Eye-Service

1: ὀφθαλμοδουλία
(Strong's #3787 — Noun Feminine — ophthalmodoulia — of-thal-mod-oo-li'-ah )

denotes "service performed only under the master's eye" (ophthalmos, "an eye," doulos, "a slave"), diligently performed when he is looking, but neglected in his absence, Ephesians 6:6 ; Colossians 3:22 .

Eyewitness

1: αὐτόπτης
(Strong's #845 — Noun Masculine — autoptes — ow-top'-tace )

signifies "seeing with one's own eyes" (autos, "self," and a form, optano, "to see"), Luke 1:2 .

2: ἐπόπτης
(Strong's #2030 — Noun Masculine — epoptes — ep-op'-tace )

primarily "an overseer" (epi, "over"), then, a "spectator, an eye-witness" of anything, is used in 2 Peter 1:16 of those who were present at the transfiguration of Christ. Among the Greeks the word was used of those who had attained to the third grade, the highest, of the Eleusinian mysteries, a religious cult at Eleusis, with its worship, rites, festival and pilgrimages; this brotherhood was open to all Greeks. In the Sept., Esther 5:1 , where it is used of God as the Overseer and Preserver of all things. Cp. epopteuo, "to behold," 1 Peter 2:12 ; 1 Peter 3:2 .