Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words

Succor — Syrophoenician

Succorer

1: προστάτις
(Strong's #4368 — Noun Feminine — prostatis — pros-tat'-is )

a feminine form of prostates, denotes "a protectress, patroness;" it is used metaphorically of Phoebe in Romans 16:2 . It is a word of dignity, evidently chosen instead of others which might have been used (see, e.g., under HELPER), and indicates the high esteem with which she was regarded, as one who had been a protectress of many. Prostates was the title of a citizen in Athens, who had the responsibility of seeing to the welfare of resident aliens who were without civic rights. Among the Jews it signified a wealthy patron of the community.

Such

* For SUCH see +, p. 9

Such As

* Notes: (1) In Acts 2:47 , AV, the article with the present participle, Passive, of sozo, "to save," lit., "the (ones), i.e., those, being saved," is translated "such as (should be saved);" the RV, "those that (were being saved)," gives the correct meaning, marking the kind of persons who were added to the company; (2) "such as" is a rendering of certain relative pronouns: hoios, "what sort of," e.g., Matthew 24:21 ; 2 Corinthians 12:20 (twice); Revelation 16:18 ; hostis, "whoever," e.g., Mark 4:20 ; hopoios, "of what sort," preceded by toioutos, "of such a sort," Acts 26:29 ; (3) deina, Matthew 26:18 , denotes "such a one" (whom one cannot, or will not, name). (4) In Hebrews 13:5 , "such things as ye have" represents the phrase ta paronta, "the (things) present" (present participle of pareimi); (5) in Luke 11:41 , ta enonta, AV, "such things as ye have," lit., "the (things) within" (eneimi, "to be in"), RV, "those things which are within" (AV marg., "as you are able," RV, marg., "ye can"), perhaps signifying not outward things such as lustrations, but "what things ye have within your cups and platters," i.e., "your possessions."

Suck, Suckling

1: θηλάζω
(Strong's #2337 — Verb — thelazo — thay-lad'-zo )

from thele, "a breast," is used (a) of the mother, "to suckle," Matthew 24:19 ; Mark 13:17 ; Luke 21:23 ; in some texts in Luke 23:29 (the best have trepho); (b) of the young, "to suck," Matthew 21:16 , "sucklings;" Luke 11:27 .

Sudden, Suddenly

A — 1: αἰφνίδιος
(Strong's #160 — Adjective — aiphnidios — aheef-nid'-ee-os )

"sudden," occurs in 1 Thessalonians 5:3 , where it has the place of emphasis at the beginning of the sentence, as olethros, "destruction," which the adjective qualifies, has at the end; in Luke 21:34 , it is used adverbially, RV, "suddenly" (AV, "unawares"). See UNAWARES.

B — 1: ἄφνω
(Strong's #869 — Adverb — aphno — af'-no )

"suddenly," occurs in Acts 2:2 ; Acts 16:26 ; Acts 28:6 .

B — 2: ἐξαίφνης
(Strong's #1810 — Adverb — exaiphnes — ex-ah'eef-nace )

a strengthened form, akin to No. 1, occurs in Mark 13:36 ; Luke 2:13 ; Luke 9:39 ; Acts 9:3 ; Acts 22:6 .

B — 3: ἐξάπινα
(Strong's #1819 — Adverb — exapina — ex-ap'-ee-nah )

a later form of No. 2, occurs in Mark 9:8 .

Note: For tacheos in 1 Timothy 5:22 , AV, "suddenly," RV, "hastily," see QUICKLY , No. 3.

Sue

* For SUE see LAW , B, No. 2

Suffer

A — 2: προσεάω
(Strong's #4330 — Verb — proseao — pros-eh-ah'-o )

"to permit further" (pros, and No. 1), occurs in Acts 27:7 .

A — 3: ἐπιτρέπω
(Strong's #2010 — Verb — epitrepo — ep-ee-trep'-o )

for which see LEAVE , (b), is rendered "to suffer" in AV and RV in Matthew 8:21 ; Mark 10:4 ; Luke 9:59 ; Acts 28:16 ; RV only, Luke 9:61 (AV, "let"); AV only, Acts 21:39 ; in some texts, Matthew 8:31 , AV only. See LIBERTY , C, Note, PERMIT.

A — 4: ἀφίημι
(Strong's #863 — Verb — aphiemi — af-ee'-ay-mee )

"to send away," signifies "to permit, suffer," in Matthew 3:15 (twice); Matthew 19:14 ; Matthew 23:13 ; Mark 1:34 ; Mark 5:19, 37 ; Mark 10:14 ; Mark 11:16 ; Luke 8:51 ; Luke 12:39 , AV (RV, "left"); 18:16; John 12:7 , RV, AV and RV marg., "let (her) alone;" Revelation 11:9 . See FORGIVE.

Notes: (1) In Acts 2:27 ; Acts 13:35 , AV, didomi, "to give" (RV), is rendered "to suffer." (2) In 1 Corinthians 6:7 , AV, apostereo, in the Passive Voice, is rendered "suffer yourselves to be defrauded" (RV, "be defrauded"). (3) For koluo in Hebrews 7:23 , AV, "were not suffered," see HINDER.

* (b) to endure suffering

A — 5: ἀνέχω
(Strong's #430 — Verb — anecho — an-ekh'-om-ahee )

in the Middle Voice, "to bear with," is rendered "to suffer" in Matthew 17:17 and parallel passages; AV only, 1 Corinthians 4:12 (RV, "endure"); 2 Corinthians 11:19, 20 and Hebrews 13:22 (RV, "bear with"). See BEAR , ENDURE.

A — 6: πάσχω
(Strong's #3958 — Verb — pascho — pas'-kho, path'-o, pen'-tho )

"to suffer," is used (I) of the "sufferings" of Christ (a) at the hands of men, e.g., Matthew 16:21 ; Matthew 17:12 ; 1 Peter 2:23 ; (b) in His expiatory and vicarious sacrifice for sin, Hebrews 9:26 ; Hebrews 13:12 ; 1 Peter 2:21 ; 1 Peter 3:18 ; 1 Peter 4:1 ; (c) including both (a) and (b), Luke 22:15 ; Luke 24:26, 46 ; Acts 1:3 , "passion;" 3:18; 17:3; Hebrews 5:8 ; (d) by the antagonism of the evil one, Hebrews 2:18 ; (II) of human "suffering "(a) of followers of Christ, Acts 9:16 ; 2 Corinthians 1:6 ; Galatians 3:4 ; Philippians 1:29 ; 1 Thessalonians 2:14 ; 2 Thessalonians 1:5 ; 2 Timothy 1:12 ; 1 Peter 3:14, 17 ; 1 Peter 5:10 ; Revelation 2:10 ; in identification with Christ in His crucifixion, as the spiritual ideal to be realized, 1 Peter 4:1 ; in a wrong way, 1 Peter 4:15 ; (b) of others, physically, as the result of demoniacal power, Matthew 17:15 , RV, "suffereth (grievously)," AV, "is (sore) vexed;" cp. Mark 5:26 ; in a dream, Matthew 27:19 ; through maltreatment, Luke 13:2 ; 1 Peter 2:19, 20 ; by a serpent (negatively), Acts 28:5 , RV, "took" (AV, "felt:" see FEEL , Note); (c) of the effect upon the whole body through the "suffering" of one member, 1 Corinthians 12:26 , with application to a church.

A — 7: προπάσχω
(Strong's #4310 — Verb — propascho — prop-as'-kho )

"to suffer before" (pro, and No. 2), occurs in 1 Thessalonians 2:2 .

A — 8: συμπάσχω
(Strong's #4841 — Verb — sumpascho — soom-pas'-kho )

"to suffer with" (sun, and No. 2), is used in Romans 8:17 of "suffering" with Christ; in 1 Corinthians 12:26 of joint "suffering" in the members of the body.

A — 9: ὑπέχω
(Strong's #5254 — Verb — hupecho — hoop-ekh'-o )

"to hold under" (hupo, "under," echo, "to have or hold"), is used metaphorically in Jude 1:7 of "suffering" punishment. In the Sept., Psalms 89:50 ; Lamentations 5:7 .

A — 10: κακουχέω
(Strong's #2558 — Verb — kakoucheo — kak-oo-kheh'-o )

"to ill-treat" (kakos, "evil," and echo, "to have"), is used in the Passive Voice in Hebrews 11:37 , RV, "evil entreated" (AV, "tormented"); in Hebrews 13:3 , RV, "are evil entreated" (AV, "suffer adversity").

A — 11: συγκακουχέομαι
(Strong's #4778 — Verb — sunkakoucheomai — soong-kak-oo-kheh'-o )

"to endure adversity with," is used in Hebrews 11:25 (sun, "with," and No. 6), RV, "to be evil entreated with," AV, "to suffer affliction with."

A — 12: μακροθυμέω
(Strong's #3114 — Verb — makrothumeo — mak-roth-oo-meh'-o )

is rendered "suffereth long" in 1 Corinthians 13:4 . See PATIENCE.

A — 13: ἀδικέω
(Strong's #91 — Verb — adikeo — ad-ee-keh'-o )

"to do wrong, injustice" (a, negative, dike, "right"), is used in the Passive Voice in 2 Peter 2:13 , RV, "suffering wrong" (some texts have komizo, "to receive," AV); there is a play upon words here which may be brought out thus, "being defrauded (of the wages of fraud)," a use of the verb illustrated in the papyri. See HURT.

Notes: (1) In 1 Corinthians 9:12 , AV, stego, "to bear up under," is translated "suffer" (RV, "bear"); see BEAR , No. 11. (2) For hupomeno, rendered "to suffer" in 2 Timothy 2:12 , see ENDURE , No. 2. (3) For "suffer hardship, suffer trouble," see HARDSHIP , Nos. 1 and 2. (4) For "suffer need," Philippians 4:12 , see WANT. (5) For "suffer loss," 2 Corinthians 7:9 , RV, see LOSE , No. 2. (6) For "suffer persecution," see PRESECUTION. (7) For "suffer shipwreck," see SHIPWRECK. (8) For tropophoreo in Acts 13:18 , "suffered ... manners," see MANNER , E. (9) For "sufferth voilence," biazo, see FORCE , B, No. 1, VOILENCE, B, No. 2. (10) In 2 Thessalonians 1:9 , RV, tino, "to pay a penalty," is rendered "shall suffer (punishment)."

B — 1: παθητός
(Strong's #3805 — Adjective — pathetos — path-ay-tos' )

akin to pascho, denotes "one who has suffered," or "subject to suffering," or "destined to suffer;" it is used in the last sense of the "suffering" of Christ, Acts 26:23 .

Suffering

1: πάθημα
(Strong's #3804 — Noun Neuter — pathema — path'-ay-mah )

is rendered "sufferings" in the RV (AV, "afflictions") in 2 Timothy 3:11 ; Hebrews 10:32 ; 1 Peter 5:9 ; in Galatians 5:24 , "passions," (AV, "affection"). See AFFLICTION , B, No. 3.

Note: For kakopatheia, James 5:10 , RV, "suffering," see AFFLICTION , B, No. 1.

Suffice, Sufficient

A — 1: ἀρκέω
(Strong's #714 — Verb — arkeo — ar-keh'-o )

"to suffice," is rendered "is sufficient" in John 6:7 ; 2 Corinthians 12:9 ; "it sufficeth" in John 14:8 . See CONTENT , ENOUGH.

Note: For 1 Peter 4:3 , see B, No. 2.

A — 2: ἱκανόω
(Strong's #2427 — Verb — hikanoo — hik-an-o'-o )

"to make sufficient, render fit," is translated "made (us) sufficent" in 2 Corinthians 3:6 , RV (AV, "hath made ... able"). See ABLE , B, No. 6, Note.

B — 1: ἱκανός
(Strong's #2425 — Adjective — hikanos — hik-an-os' )

akin to A, No. 2, "enough, sufficient, fit," etc. is translated "sufficient" in 2 Corinthians 2:6, 16 ; 2 Corinthians 3:5 . See ABLE , C, No. 2.

B — 2: ἀρκετός
(Strong's #713 — Adjective — arketos — ar-ket-os' )

akin to A, No. 1, used with eimi, "to be," translated "may suffice" in 1 Peter 4:3 . See ENOUGH , A, No. 1.

Sufficiency

1: αὐτάρκεια
(Strong's #841 — Noun Feminine — autarkeia — ow-tar'-ki-ah )

(autos, "self," arkeo, see A, above; Eng., "autarchy"), "contentment," 1 Timothy 6:6 , is rendered "sufficiency" in 2 Corinthians 9:8 .

2: ἱκανότης
(Strong's #2426 — Noun Feminine — hikanotes — hik-an-ot'-ace )

is rendered "sufficiency" in 2 Corinthians 3:5 .

Suit

* For SUIT (make), Acts 25:24 , RV, see DEAL WITH, Note (1)

Sum, Sum Up

1: ἀνακεφαλαιόω
(Strong's #346 — Verb — anakephalaioo — an-ak-ef-al-ah'ee-om-ahee )

"to sum up, gather up" (ana, "up," kephale, "a head"), "to present as a whole," is used in the Passive Voice in Romans 13:9 , RV, "summed up" (AV, "briefly comprehended"), i.e., the one commandment expresses all that the Law enjoins, and to obey this one is to fulfil the Law (cp. Galatians 5:14 ); Middle Voice in Ephesians 1:10 , RV, "sum up" (AV, "gather together"), of God's purpose to "sum up" all things in the heavens and on the earth in Christ, a consummation extending beyond the limits of the church, though the latter is to be a factor in its realization.

Summer

1: θέρος
(Strong's #2330 — Noun Neuter — theros — ther'-os )

akin to thero, "to heat," occurs in Matthew 24:32 ; Mark 13:28 ; Luke 21:30 .

Sumptuous, Sumptuously

A — 1: λαμπρός
(Strong's #2986 — Adjective — lampros — lam-pros' )

"bright," is rendered "sumptuous" in Revelation 18:14 , RV. See BRIGHT , GOODLY , Note.

B — 1: λαμπρῶς
(Strong's #2988 — Adverb — lampros — lam-proce' )

the corresponding adverb, is used in Luke 16:19 , "sumptuously."

Sun

1: ἥλιος
(Strong's #2246 — Noun Masculine — helios — hay'-lee-os )

whence Eng. prefix "helio," is used (a) as a means of the natural benefits of light and heat, e.g., Matthew 5:45 , and power, Revelation 1:16 ; (b) of its qualities of brightness and glory, e.g., Matthew 13:43 ; Matthew 17:2 ; Acts 26:13 ; 1 Corinthians 15:41 ; Revelation 10:1 ; Revelation 12:1 ; (c) as a means of destruction, e.g., Matthew 13:6 ; James 1:11 ; of physical misery, Revelation 7:16 ; (d) as a means of judgment, e.g., Matthew 24:29 ; Mark 13:24 ; Luke 21:25 ; Luke 23:45 ; Acts 2:20 ; Revelation 6:12 ; Revelation 8:12 ; Revelation 9:2 ; Revelation 16:8 .

Note: In Revelation 7:2 ; Revelation 16:12 , anatole, "rising," used with helios, is translated "sunrising," RV (AV, "east").

Sunder

* For SUNDER (Asunder) see CUT , No. 6

Sundry

* For SUNDRY see PORTION, C

Sup

1: δειπνέω
(Strong's #1172 — Verb — deipneo — dipe-neh'-o )

"to sup" (said of taking the chief meal of the day), occurs in Luke 17:8 ; Luke 22:20 (in the best texts), lit., "(the) supping;" so 1 Corinthians 11:25 ; metaphorically in Revelation 3:20 , of spiritual communion between Christ and the faithful believer.

Superfluity

* For SUPERFLUITY see ABUNDANCE , A, No. 2, B, No. 1

Superfluous

1: περισσός
(Strong's #4053 — Adjective — perissos — per-is-sos' )

"abundant, more than sufficient," is translated "superfluous" in 2 Corinthians 9:1 . See ABUNDANT , C, No. 1, ADVANTAGE, MORE, B, No. 2.

Superscription

1: ἐπιγραφή
(Strong's #1923 — Noun Feminine — epigraphe — ep-ig-raf-ay' )

lit., "an over-writing" (epi, "over," grapho, "to write") (the meaning of the anglicized Latin word "superscription"), denotes "an inscription, a title." On Roman coins the emperor's name was inscribed, Matthew 22:20 ; Mark 12:16 ; Luke 20:24 . In the Roman Empire, in the case of a criminal on his way to execution, a board on which was inscribed the cause of his condemnation, was carried before him or hung round his neck; the inscription was termed a "title" (titlos). The four Evangelists state that at the crucifixion of Christ the title was affixed to the cross, Mark (Mark 15:26 ) and Luke (Luke 23:38 ) call it a "superscription;" Marks says it was "written over" (epigrapho, the corresponding verb). Matthew calls it "His accusation;" John calls it "a title" (a technical term). The wording varies: the essential words are the same, and the variation serves to authenticate the narratives, showing that there was no consultation leading to an agreement as to the details. See further under TITLE.

Superstition

* For SUPERSTITION see RELIGION

Superstitious

1: δεισιδαιμονία
(Strong's #1175 — Noun Feminine — deisidaimon — dice-ee-dahee-mon-ee'-ah )

"reverent to the deity" (deido, "to fear;" daimon, "a demon," or "pagan god"), occurs in Acts 17:22 in the comparative degree, rendered "somewhat superstitious," RV (AV, "too superstitious"), a meaning which the word sometimes has; others, according to its comparative form, advocate the meaning "more religious (than others)," "quite religious" (cp. the noun in Acts 25:19 ). This is supported by Ramsay, who renders it "more than others respectful of what is divine;" so Deissmann in Light from the Ancient East, and others. It also agrees with the meaning found in Greek writers; the context too suggests that the adjective is used in a good sense; perhaps, after all, with kindly ambiguity (Grimm-Thayer). An ancient epitaph has it in the sense of "reverent" (Moulton and Milligan).

Supper

1: δεῖπνον
(Strong's #1173 — Noun Neuter — deipnon — dipe'-non )

denotes "a supper" or "feast" (for an analysis of the uses see FEAST , NO. 2). In John 13:2 the RV, following certain texts, has "during supper" (AV, "supper being ended").

Note: For "supper" in Luke 22:20 see SUP.

Supplication

1: δέησις
(Strong's #1162 — Noun Feminine — deesis — deh'-ay-sis )

is always translated "supplication," or the plural, in the RV. See PRAYER , B, No. 3.

2: ἱκετηρία
(Strong's #2428 — Noun Feminine — hiketeria — hik-et-ay-ree'-ah )

is the feminine form of the adjective hiketerios, denoting "of a suppliant," and used as a noun, formerly "an olive branch" carried by a suppliant (hiketes), then later, "a supplication," used with No. 1 in Hebrews 5:7 . In the Sept., Job 40:22 (Eng. Vers. Job 41:3 ).

Supply

A — 1: χορηγέω
(Strong's #5524 — Verb — choregeo — khor-ayg-eh'-o )

primarily, among the Greeks signified "to lead a stage chorus or dance" (choros, and hegeomai, "to lead"), then, "to defray the expenses of a chorus;" hence, later, metaphorically, "to supply," 2 Corinthians 9:10 (2nd part; see also No. 2), RV, "supply" (AV "minister"); 1 Peter 4:11 , RV, "supplieth" (AV, "givetg"). See GIVE , Note (4), MINISTER , B, Note (1).

A — 2: ἐπιχορηγέω
(Strong's #2023 — Verb — epichoregeo — ep-ee-khor-ayg-eh'-o )

"to supply fully, abundantly" (a strengthen form of No. 1), is rendered "to supply" in the RV of 2 Corinthians 9:10 (1st part) and Galatians 3:5 (for AV, "to minister"), where the present continuous tense speaks of the work of the Holy Spirit in all His ministrations to believers individually and collectively; in Colossians 2:19 , RV, "being supplied" (AV, "having nourishment ministered"), of the work of Christ as the Head of the church His body; in 2 Peter 1:5 , "supply" (AV, "add"); in 2 Peter 1:11 , "shall be ... supplied" (AV, "shall be ministered"), of the reward hereafter which those are to receive, in regard to positions in the kingdom of God, for their fulfillment here of the condition mentioned.

Note: In 2 Corinthians 9:10 (see Nos. 1 and 2 above) the stronger verb No. 2 is used where the will and capacity to receive are in view.

A — 3: ἀναπληρόω
(Strong's #378 — Verb — anapleroo — an-ap-lay-ro'-o )

"to fill up, fulfil," is rendered "to supply" in 1 Corinthians 16:17 ; Philippians 2:30 . See FILL , FULFILL , OCCUPY.

A — 4: προσαναπληρόω
(Strong's #4322 — Verb — prosanapleroo — pros-an-ap-lay-ro'-o )

"to fill up by adding to, to supply fully" (pros, "to," and No. 3), is translated "supplieth" in 2 Corinthians 9:12 , AV (RV, "filleth up the measure of"); in 2 Corinthians 11:9 , RV and AV, "supplied."

Note: In Philippians 4:19 , AV, pleroo, to fulfill (RV), is rendered "shall supply."

B — 1: ἐπιχορηγία
(Strong's #2024 — Noun Feminine — epichoregia — ep-ee-khor-ayg-ee'-ah )

"a full supply," occurs in Ephesians 4:16 , "supplieth," lit., "by the supply of every joint," metaphorically of the members of the church, the body of which Christ is the Head, and Philippians 1:19 , "the supply (of the Spirit of Jesus Christ)," i.e., "the bountiful supply;" here "of the Spirit" may be taken either in the subjective sense, the Giver, or the objective, the Gift.

Support

* Notes: (1) In Acts 20:35 , AV, antilambanomai, "to help" (RV), is translated "support." See HELP , B, No. 1. (2) In 1 Thessalonians 5:14 , antechomai signifies "to support:" see HOLD , No. 3.

Suppose

1: νομίζω
(Strong's #3543 — Verb — nomizo — nom-id'-zo )

"to consider, suppose, think," is rendered "to suppose" in Matthew 20:10 ; Luke 2:34 ; Luke 3:23 ; Acts 7:25 ; Acts 14:19 ; Acts 16:27 ; Acts 21:29 ; 1 Timothy 6:5 ; in 1 Corinthians 7:26 , AV (RV, "I think"); in Acts 16:13 , the RV adheres to the meaning "to suppose," "(where) we supposed (there was a place of prayer);" this word also signifies "to practice a custom" (nomos) and is commonly so used by Greek writers. Hence the AV, "was wont (to be made);" it is rendered "to think" in Matthew 5:17 ; Matthew 10:34 ; Acts 8:20 ; Acts 17:29 ; 1 Corinthians 7:36 . See THINK.

2: δοκέω
(Strong's #1380 — verb — dokeo — dok-eh'-o )

"to be of opinion," is translated "to suppose" in Mark 6:49 ; Luke 24:37 ; John 20:15 ; Acts 27:13 ; in the following, AV "suppose," RV, "think," Luke 12:51 ; Luke 13:2 ; Hebrews 10:29 . It is most frequently rendered "to think," always in Matthew; always in John, except John 11:31 , "supposing," RV [where the best texts have this verb (for lego, AV, "saying")], and John 20:15 (see above).

3: ὑπολαμβάνω
(Strong's #5274 — Verb — hupolambano — hoop-ol-am-ban'-o )

when used of metal action, signifies "to suppose," Luke 7:43 ; Acts 2:15 . See ANSWER , RECEIVE.

4: ὑπονοέω
(Strong's #5282 — Verb — huponoeo — hoop-on-o-eh'-o )

"to suspect, to conjecture," is translated "suppose ye" in Acts 13:25 , RV (AV, "think ye"); "I supposed" in Acts 25:18 . See DEEM.

5: οἶμαι
(Strong's #3633 — Verb — oiomai | oimai — oy'-om-ahee, oy'-mahee )

signifies "to expect, imagine, suppose;" it is rendered "to suppose" in John 21:25 ; Philippians 1:17 , RV (AV, ver. 16, "thinking"); "think" in James 1:7 . See THINK.

Notes: (1) In 2 Corinthians 11:5 , AV, logizomai, "to reckon" (RV), is rendered "I suppose;" so in 1 Peter 5:12 , AV, RV, "(as) I account (him);" Silvanus was not supposed by Peter to be faithful, he was "reckoned" or regarded so. (2) In Philippians 2:25 , AV, hegeomai, "to reckon, deem," is rendered "I supposed" (RV, "I counted").

Supreme

1: ὑπερέχω
(Strong's #5242 — Verb — huperecho — hoop-er-ekh'-o )

"to be superior, to excel," is translated "supreme" in 1 Peter 2:13 : see EXCEL , No. 3.

Sure

A — 1: ἀσφαλής
(Strong's #804 — Adjective — asphales — as-fal-ace' )

"safe," is translated "sure" in Hebrews 6:19 . See CERTAIN , B.

A — 2: βέβαιος
(Strong's #949 — Adjective — bebaios — beb'-ah-yos )

"firm, steadfast," is used of (a) God's promise to Abraham, Romans 4:16 ; (b) the believer's hope, Hebrews 6:19 , "steadfast;" (c) the hope of spiritual leaders regarding the welfare of converts, 2 Corinthians 1:7 , "steadfast;" (d) the glorying of the hope, Hebrews 3:6 , "firm;" (e) the beginning of our confidence, Hebrews 3:14 , RV, "firm" (AV, "steadfast"); (f) the Law given at Sinai, Hebrews 2:2 , "steadfast;" (g) the testament (or covenant) fulfilled after a death, Hebrews 9:17 , "of force;" (h) the calling and election of believers, 2 Peter 1:10 , to be made "sure" by the fulfillment of the injunctions in 2 Peter 1:5-7 ; (i) the word of prophecy, "made more sure," 2 Peter 1:19 , RV, AV, "a more sure (word of prophecy);" what is meant is not a comparison between the prophecies of the OT and NT, but that the former have been confirmed in the person of Christ (2 Peter 1:16-18 ). See FIRM.

A — 3: πιστός
(Strong's #4103 — Adjective — pistos — pis-tos' )

"faithful," is translated "sure" in Acts 13:34 . See FAITHFUL.

Note: In 2 Timothy 2:19 , AV, stereos, "firm," is translated "sure," and connected with "standeth," RV, "the firm (foundation of God standeth)," i.e., "however much the faith may be misrepresented or denied, the firm foundation of God's knowledge and truth, with its separating power, remains."

B — 1: ἀσφαλίζω
(Strong's #805 — Verb — asphalizo — as-fal-id'-zo )

"to make safe or sure" (akin to A, No. 1), is rendered "to make sure" in Matthew 27:64-66 , of the sepulchre of Christ; elsewhere, Acts 16:24 , of making feet fast in the stocks. See FAST.

Note: In the AV of John 16:30 ; Romans 2:2 ; Romans 15:29 , the verb oida, "to know," is translated "to be sure" (RV, in each place, "to know"). So with ginosko, "to know," in John 6:69 . For the difference between the verbs see KNOW.

Surely

* Notes: (1) In the AV of Matthew 26:73 ; Mark 14:70 ; John 17:8 , alethos, "truly," is rendered "surely" (RV, "of a truth"); so pantos, "at all events, altogether," in Luke 4:23 (RV, "doubtless"), and nai, "yea," in Revelation 22:20 (RV, "yea"). (2) In Hebrews 6:14 , "surely" represents the phrase ei men (so the best texts; some have e men). (3) For Luke 1:1 , AV, see BELIEVE , C, Note (4). (4) For "surely" in 2 Peter 2:12 , RV, see CORRUPT , A, No. 2 (b).

Surety

* For SURETY (of a), Acts 12:11 , AV, see TRUE , D, No. 1

Surfeiting

1: κραιπάλη
(Strong's #2897 — Noun Feminine — kraipale — krahee-pal'-ay )

signifies "the giddiness and headache resulting from excessive wine-bibbing, a drunken nausea," "surfeiting," Luke 21:34 . Trench (Syn. lxi) distinguishes this and the synonymous words, methe, "drunkenness," oinophlugia, "wine-bibbing" (AV, "excess of wine," 1 Peter 4:3 ), komos, "revelling."

Surge

* For SURGE, James 1:6 , RV, see RAGE and WAVE

Surmise

* For SURMISE, SURMISINGS, see DEEM

Surname

1: ἐπικαλέω
(Strong's #1941 — Verb — epikaleo — ep-ee-kal-eh'-om-ahee )

"to put a name upon" (epi, "upon," kaleo, "to call"), "to surname," is used in this sense in the Passive Voice, in some texts in Matthew 10:3 (it is absent in the best); in Luke 22:3 , in some texts (the best have kaleo, "to call"); Acts 1:23 ; Acts 4:36 ; Acts 10:5, 18, 32 ; Acts 11:13 ; Acts 12:12, 25 ; in some texts, Acts 15:22 (the best have kaleo).

Notes: (1) In Mark 3:16, 17 , "He surnamed" is a translation of epitithemi, "to put upon, to add to," with anoma, "a name," as the object. (2) In Acts 15:37 , AV, kaleo, "to call" (RV, "called"), is rendered "whose surname was." (3) The verb eponomazo, translated "bearest the name" in Romans 2:17 , RV, finds a literal correspondence in the word "surname" (epi, "upon," == sur), and had this significance in Classical Greek.

Surpass

* For SURPASS, 2Cor.3:10, see EXCEED , A, No. 1

Suspense

* For SUSPENSE (hold in) see DOUBT , No. 6

Sustenance

1: χόρτασμα
(Strong's #5527 — Noun Neuter — chortasma — khor'-tas-mah )

"fodder" (akin to chortazo, "to feed, fill," see FEED , No. 4), is used in the plural in Acts 7:11 , "sustenance." In the Sept., Genesis 24:25, 32 ; Genesis 42:27 ; Genesis 43:24 ; Deuteronomy 11:15 ; Judges 19:19 .

Swaddling Clothes

1: σπαργανόω
(Strong's #4683 — Verb — sparganoo — spar-gan-o'-o )

"to swathe" (from sparganon, "a swathing band"), signifies "to wrap in swaddling clothes" in Luke 2:7, 12 . The idea that the word means "rags" is without foundation. In the Sept., Job 38:9 ; Ezekiel 16:4 .

Swallow

1: καταπίνω
(Strong's #2666 — Verb — katapino — kat-ap-ee'-no )

"to drink down" (kata, and pino, "to drink"), "to swallow," is used with this meaning (a) physically, but figuratively, Matthew 23:24 ; Revelation 12:16 ; (b) metaphorically, in the Passive Voice, of death (by victory), 1 Corinthians 15:54 ; of being overwhelmed by sorrow, 2 Corinthians 2:7 ; of the mortal body (by life), 2 Corinthians 5:4 . See DEVOUR , No. 3, DROWN, No. 2.

Swear, Sworn

1: ὀμνύω
(Strong's #3660 — Verb — omnumi | omnuo — om-noo'-o )

is used of "affirming or denying by an oath," e.g., Matthew 26:74 ; Mark 6:23 ; Luke 1:73 ; Hebrews 3:11, 18 ; Hebrews 4:3 ; Hebrews 7:21 ; accompanied by that by which one swears, e.g., Matthew 5:34, 36 ; Matthew 23:16 ; Hebrews 6:13, 16 ; James 5:12 ; Revelation 10:6 . Cp. ADJURE.

Note: For "false swearers," 1 Timothy 1:10 , see FORSWEAR.

Sweat

1: ἱδρώς
(Strong's #2402 — Noun Masculine — hidros — hid-roce' )

is used in Luke 22:44 . In the Sept., Genesis 3:19 .

Sweep

1: σαρόω
(Strong's #4563 — Verb — saroo — sar-o'-o )

occurs in Matthew 12:44 ; Luke 11:25 ; Luke 15:8 .

Sweet

1: γλυκύς
(Strong's #1099 — Adjective — glukus — gloo-koos' )

(cp. Eng., "glycerine," "glucose"), occurs in James 3:11, 12 (AV, "fresh" in this verse); Revelation 10:9, 10 .

Sweet Smelling

* For SWEET SMELLING see SAVOR , No. 1

Swell, Swollen

1: πίμπρημι
(Strong's #4092 — verb — pimpremi — pim'-pray-mee )

primarily, "to blow, to burn," later came to denote "to cause to swell," and, in the Middle Voice, "to become swollen," Acts 28:6 . In the Sept., Numbers 5:21, 22, 27 .

Note: Some, connecting the word prenes in Acts 1:18 with pimpremi, give it the meaning "swelling up:" see HEADLONG.

Swelling

1: φυσίωσις
(Strong's #5450 — Noun Feminine — phusiosis — foo-see'-o-sis )

denotes "a puffing up, swelling with pride" (akin to phusioo, "to puff up"), 2 Corinthians 12:20 , "swellings."

2: ὑπέρογκος
(Strong's #5246 — Adjective — huperonkos — hoop-er'-ong-kos )

an adjective denoting "of excessive weight or size," is used metaphorically in the sense of "immoderate," especially of arrogant speech, in the neuter plural, virtually as a noun, 2 Peter 2:18 ; Jude 1:16 , "great swelling words," doubtless with reference to gnostic phraseology.

Swerve

1: ἀστοχέω
(Strong's #795 — Verb — astocheo — as-tokh-eh'-o )

"to miss the mark," is translated "having swerved" in 1 Timothy 1:6 . See ERR , No. 3. Moulton and Milligan illustrate the use of the verb from the papyri, e.g., of a man in extravagant terms bewailing the loss of a pet fighting cock, "(I am distraught, for my cock) has failed (me)."

Swift, Swiftly

1: ὀξύς
(Strong's #3691 — Adjective — oxus — ox-oos' )

denotes "swift" in Romans 3:15 . See SHARP.

2: ταχύς
(Strong's #5036 — Adjective — tachus — takh-oos' )

"swift, speedy," is used in James 1:19 . Cp. tacheos, tachu and tacheion, "quickly," tachos, "quickness, speed."

3: ταχινός
(Strong's #5031 — Adjective — tachinos — takh-ee-nos' )

a poetical and late form of No. 2, "of swift approach," is used in 2 Peter 1:14 , RV, "swiftly" (AV, "shortly"), lit., "(the putting off of my tabernacle is) swift," i.e., "imminent;" in 2 Peter 2:1 , "swift (destruction)." In the Sept., Proverbs 1:16 ; Isaiah 59:7 ; Habakkuk 1:6 .

Swim

1: κολυμβάω
(Strong's #2860 — Verb — kolumbao — kol-oom-bah'-o )

"to dive, plunge, into the sea," hence, "to swim," occurs in Acts 27:43 . Cp. kolumbethra, "a pool."

2: ἐκκολυμβάω
(Strong's #1579 — Verb — ekkolumbao — ek-kol-oom-bah'-o )

"to swim out of" (ek), occurs in Acts 27:42 .

Swine

1: χοῖρος
(Strong's #5519 — Noun Masculine — choiros — khoy-'ros )

"a swine," is used in the plural, in the Synoptic Gospels only, Matthew 7:6 ; Matthew 8:30-32 ; Mark 5:11-13, 16 ; Luke 8:32, 33 ; Luke 15:15, 16 . It does not occur in the OT.

Sword

1: μάχαιρα
(Strong's #3162 — Noun Feminine — machaira — makh'-ahee-rah )

"a short sword or dagger" (distinct from No. 2), e.g., Matthew 26:47, 51, 52 and parallel passages; Luke 21:24 ; Luke 22:38 , possibly "a knife" (Field, Notes on the Translation of the NT); Hebrews 4:12 (see TWO-EDGED); metaphorically and by metonymy, (a) for ordinary violence, or dissensions, that destroy peace, Matthew 10:34 ; (b) as the instrument of a magistrate or judge, e.g., Romans 13:4 ; (c) of the Word of God, "the sword of the Spirit," probing the conscience, subduing the impulses to sin, Ephesians 6:17 .

2: ῥομφαία
(Strong's #4501 — Noun Feminine — rhomphaia — hrom-fah'-yah )

a word of somewhat doubtful origin, denoted "a Thracian weapon of large size," whether a sword or spear is not certain, but usually longer than No. 1; it occurs (a) literally in Revelation 6:8 ; (b) metaphorically, as the instrument of anguish, Luke 2:35 ; of judgment, Revelation 1:16 ; Revelation 2:12, 16 ; Revelation 19:15, 21 , probably figurative of the Lord's judicial utterances.

Sycamine

1: συκάμινος
(Strong's #4807 — Noun Feminine — sukaminos — soo-kam'-ee-nos )

occurs in Luke 17:6 . It is generally recognized as the black mulberry, with fruit like blackberries. The leaves are too tough for silkworms and thus are unlike the white mulberry. Neither kind is the same as the mulberry of 2 Samuel 5:23, 24 , etc. The town Haifa was called Sycaminopolis, from the name of the tree.

Sycamore

1: συκομορέα
(Strong's #4809 — Noun Feminine — sukomorea — soo-kom-o-rah'-yah )

occurs in Luke 19:4 . This tree is of the fig species, with leaves like the mulberry and fruit like the fig. It is somewhat less in height than the sycamine and spreads to cover an area from 60 to 80 feet in diameter. It is often planted by the roadside, and was suitable for the purpose of Zacchaeus. Seated on the lowest branch he was easily within speaking distance of Christ.

Synagogue

1: συναγωγή
(Strong's #4864 — Noun Feminine — sunagoge — soon-ag-o-gay' )

properly "a bringing together" (sun, "together," ago, "to bring"), denoted (a) "a gathering of things, a collection," then, of "persons, an assembling, of Jewish religious gatherings," e.g., Acts 9:2 ; an assembly of Christian Jews, James 2:2 , RV, "synagogue" (AV, marg.; text, "assembly"); a company dominated by the power and activity of Satan, Revelation 2:9 ; Revelation 3:9 ; (b) by metonymy, "the building" in which the gathering is held, e.g. Matthew 6:2 ; Mark 1:21 . The origin of the Jewish "synagogue" is probably to be assigned to the time of the Babylonian exile. Having no temple, the Jews assembled on the Sabbath to hear the Law read, and the practice continued in various buildings after the return. Cp. Psalms 74:8 .

Syrophoenician

1: Συροφοινίκισσα
(Strong's #4949 — Noun Feminine — surophoinikissa | surophunissa — soo-rof-oy'-nis-sah )

occurs in Mark 7:26 as the national name of a woman called "a Canaanitish woman" in Matthew 15:22 , i.e., not a Jewess but a descendant of the early inhabitants of the coastland of Phoenicia. The word probably denoted a Syrian residing in Phoenicia proper. There is a tradition that the woman's name was Justa and her daughter Bernice (Clementine Homilies, 2:19; 3:73). In Acts 21:2, 3 , the two parts of the term are used interchangeably.