Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon
שׁחל — שְׁכֹ֫בֶת
שׁחל
† שׁחל (√ of foll.; DlProl. 34 cp. Assyrian šaḫâlu, call, proclaim; perhaps both onomatop., as Arabic سَحَلَ bray (of ass), cf. Nö ZMG xl (1886), 725).
שְׁחֵ֫לֶת
† שְׁחֵ֫לֶת n.f. an ingredient of the holy incense, + נָטָף, חֶלְבְּנָה, Ex 30:34; 𝔊 𝔙 ὄνυξ, onyx (whence AV onycha), i.e. unguis odoratus, the operculum, or closing-flap, of certain molluscs, with pungent odour when burnt, v. Thes 1388 f. Di Shipley-Cook Ency. Bib. Onycha; so most; KG Jacob ZMG xliii (1889), 354 proposes amber.
שׁחן
שׁחן (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَخُنَ be hot, then inflamed; Aramaic שְׁחַן, ܫܚܶܢ be warm, heat).
שַׁ֫חַף
† [שַׁ֫חַף] n.[m.] prob. sea-mew, gull (cf. 𝔊 𝔙) (from attenuated body, Thes); so Post Hast. DB Cuckow TristrNHB 210 ff.; sterna fluviatilis, or tern Id FFP 135 M’Lean-Shipley Ency. Bib. Id.;—הַשָּׁ֑חַף Dt 14:15 = Lv 11:16 (P), in list of unclean birds.
שׁחף
שׁחף (√ of שַׁחֶפֶת and poss. of שַׁחַף; Arabic سَحَفَ is pare, peel off; also affect with consumption of lungs; سُحَافٌ consumption, so J Aram. שַׁחַפְתָּא [for שַׁחֶפֶת]).
שַׁחֶ֫פֶת
† שַׁחֶ֫פֶת n.f. wasting disease, consumption Dt 28:22; Lv 26:16 (H).
שַׁ֫חַץ
† [שַׁ֫חַץ] n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ i.e. majestic wild beasts Jb 28:8 (‖ שָׁ֑חַל), 41:26.
שׁחץ
שׁחץ (√ of foll.; cf. NH act proudly, and deriv.; Aramaic שַׁחְצָא lion (†ψ 17:12 edd.); Ethiopic ሥሕጸ be insolent; Arabic شَخَصَ is rise, be elevated; شَخِيصٌ bulky, man of rank, but ش = שׁ?).
שׁחצומה
† שׁחצומה Kt, שַׁחֲצִ֫ימָה Qr (i.e. [שַׁחֲצִים] + ה—ָ) n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:22; ἐπὶ Σαλειμ κατὰ Θύλασσαν, A 𝔊L Σασειμα(θ).
שְׂחֹק
† שְׂחֹק, שְׂחוֹק n.[m.] laughter, derision, sport (proposes inf. cstr.);—abs. שְׂחֹק Je 48:26 + 5 times; cstr. Ec 7:6; abs. שְׂחוֹק Je 20:7 + 7 times;—
1. laughter (joyous) Jb 8:21 (‖ תְּרוּעָה), ψ 126:2 (‖ רִנָּה), Ec 2:2 (‖ שִׂמְחָה), 10:19 (‖ שִׂמֵּחַ); as hollow Pr 14:13 (opp. כָּאַב), Ec 7:3 (opp. כַּעַס), cf. שׂ׳ הַכְּסִיל v 6.
2. (object of) derision, הָיָה לִשׂ׳, Je 20:7; 48:26, 27 (read לִשׂ׳ for MT הַשּׂ׳ 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Gie Du; Co del. vv), v 39 La 3:14; elsewhere Jb 12:4(×2).
3. sport Pr 10:23.
שַׁ֫חַק
† שַׁ֫חַק n.m. Pr 3:20 dust, cloud (as fine, thin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 89:7, 38, cstr. Is 40:15; pl. שְׁחָקִים Dt 33:26 +;—
1. fine dust, שׁ׳ מֹאזְנַיִם Is 40:15 (sim. of insignif.).
2. (thin) cloud, usually pl. (often ‖ שָׁמַיִם), Dt 33:26 (poem), Is 45:8; Je 51:9; Jb 35:5; 36:28; 37:21; 38:37 ψ 36:6; 57:11; 68:35; 77:18; 78:23; 108:5; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 3:20; 8:28; עָבֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 22:12 = ψ 18:12; = heavens, sky Jb 37:18 (c. הִרְקִיעַ), and (sg.) ψ 89:7, 38.
שָׂחַק
† שָׂחַק vb. laugh (‖ צהק, q.v.; NH שָׂחַק, סָחַק; Ethiopic ሠሐቀ: );—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשׂ׳ consec. Pr 29:9; 3 pl. שָֽׂחֲקוּ La 1:7; Jb 30:1; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂחַק Jb 39:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂחוֹק Ju 16:27; Ec 3:4;— 1. a. laugh at, usually in contempt, derision, c. עַל pers. Jb 30:1 ψ 52:8; עַל rei La 1:7; c. ל pers. God subj. ψ 37:13; 59:9 (‖ לָעַג); c. ל rei vel pers. = have no fear of, Hb 1:10; Jb 5:22; Pr 31:25, also, fig., of noble animals Jb 39:7, 18, 22; 41:21; abs., Pr 29:9 (opp. רָגַז), of י׳ ψ 2:4 (‖ לָעַג), of wisdom Pr 1:26 (ב temp.; ‖ id.). b. c. אֶל pers., appar. of friendly laugh Jb 29:24; in gen. Ec 3:4 (opp. בָּכָה). 2. sport, play, Ju 16:27.
Pi. Pf. 1 s. וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֫י 1 S 6:21; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׂחֶק־ Ju 16:25, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשַׂחֶק־ ψ 104:26; Pt. מְשַׂחֵק Pr 26:19; 1 Ch 15:29, f. מְשַׂחֶ֫קֶת Pr 8:30, 31; pl. מְשַׂחֲקִים 2 S 6:5 +, מְשַׂחֲקוֹת 1 S 18:7;— 1. make sport, Ju 16:25 (ל pers.) 2 S 2:14 (לִפְנֵי pers.; in tournament), Pr 8:30 (לִפְנֵי), v 31 (ב loc.). 2. jest, Pr 26:19. 3. play: incl. instr. music, singing and dancing 1 S 18:7, c. לִפְנֵי י׳ 2 S 6:5 (ב instr.), = 1 Ch 13:8, 2 S 6:21 1 Ch 15:29 (+ מְרַקֵּד); of merry-making Je 15:17 (‖ עָלַז), 30:19; 31:4; of children’s sport Zc 8:5; of beasts Jb 40:20 ψ 104:26; of man, play with (ב) crocod. Jb 40:29.
Hiph. (declar.) Pt. pl. מַשְׂחִיקִים 2 Ch 30:10 they uttered mockery עֲלֵיהֶם (‖ מַלְעִגִים).
שָׁחַק
† [שָׁחַק] vb. rub away, beat fine, pulverize (so Arabic سَحَقَ, سَحْقٌ worn garment, thin clouds; Aramaic שְׁחַק, ܫܚܰܩ pulverize; Ecclus שחק 6:36 is go often (wear by treading), Str cp. iter terere);—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. אֲבָנִים שָֽׁחֲקוּ מַיִם Jb 14:19 waters rub away stones; 2 ms. וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ Ex 30:36 (P; of pulverizing incense, v. דקק Hiph.); fig., acc. of foes, Impf. 1 s. sf. וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם 2 S 22:43 (‖ דקק) = ψ 18:43.
שִׁחֹר
שִׁחֹר v. שִׁיחוֹר.
שַׁ֫חַר
† שַׁ֫חַר n.m. Gn 19:15 dawn;—abs. שׁ׳ 1 S 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Ju 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Gn 19:15; Ps 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Gn 19:15; 32:25, 27; Jos 6:15 (all J), Ju 19:25; 1 S 9:26; Ne 4:15; Jon 4:7; opp. עֵיפָה Am 4:13; as adv. at dawn ψ 57:9 = 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Jb 3:9; 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ ψ 139:9; 110:3 read prob. רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (v. מִשְׁחָר infr.); שׁ׳ also Jb 38:12, in sim. Ho 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., v. following, GieBeitr. 208 We Now GASm Marti), Is 58:8; Ct 6:10; Jo 2:2 (al. blackness, ‖ עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Is 14:12 (of star, fig. of royal splendour;—lit. as myth RSK 300); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Is 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Ho 10:15 (We in storm, i.e. בַּשַּׂעַר).—Is 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hi Ew Röd (Thes) De Di al. charm away (RVm) (Arabic سَحَرَ enchant (WeHeid. 2. 159, 200), سِحْرٌ enchantment [= Sab. סחר DHMHofmus. 24. 1]); but v. [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר v. p. 886.
שָׁחַר
† I. שָׁחַר vb. be black (NH שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aramaic שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalm), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܘܽܚܳܪܳܐ coal; JägerBAS ii. 295 cp. Assyrian šûru, coal);
Qal Pf. שׁ׳, of skin Jb 30:30.
שָׁחֹר
† שָׁחֹר adj. black;—שׁ׳ of hair Lv 13:31, 37 (P), so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Ct 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zc 6:2, 6.
שׁחר
II. שׁחר (√ of foll.; MI15 שחרת, Arabic سَحَرٌ, Assyrian šêru, NH שַׁחַר, Aramaic שַׁחֲרָא all dawn).
שָׁחַר²
† [שָׁחַר] vb.denom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—
Qal Pt. שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Pr 11:27 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ, דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere
Pi. c. acc. (sf.) Pf. 3 ms. sf. שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Pr 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him betimes); 2 ms. sf. consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Jb 7:21; lit. Inf. לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Pr 7:15; of wild asses, Pt. מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָּ֑רֶף Jb 24:5 (Ges§ 130 u) seeking eagerly for their food; usually of seeking God (י׳) earnestly, Pf. וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל ψ 78:34 (‖ דָּרַשׁ), Impf. 2 ms. תְּשַׁהֵר אֶל־אֵל Jb 8:5 (si vera l.), 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Ges§ 60 e) Ho 5:15 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), + 6:3 (v. שַׁחַר), and, acc. wisdom, Pr 1:28, Pt. sf. מְשַׁחֲרַי Pr 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳), אֲשַׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ Is 26:9 ψ 63:2.
שַׁחֲרוּת
† שַׁחֲרוּת n.f. according to DeComm. RüetschiKau blackness, viz. of hair (so 𝔗), i.e. (RV) prime of life (which Wild allows); usually dawn of youth (II. שׁחר);—Ec 11:10 (+ יַלְדוּת).
שַׁחֲרוּת²
שַׁחֲרוּת v. I. שָׁחַר.
שְׁחַרְחֹר
† [שְׁחַרְחֹר Ges§ 84 b n] adj. blackish (GannJAS 1883, Fev.-Mars, 156, no. 41, cp. Isr. n.pr. שחרחר on seal = ‘le burn’);—f. שְׁחַרְחֹ֫רֶת Ct 1:6.
שְׁחַרְיָה
† שְׁחַרְיָה n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:26; Σα(α)ρ(α)ια.
שַׁחֲרַ֫יִם
† שַׁחֲרַ֫יִם n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:8; Σααρηλ[μ], 𝔊L Σεωρειν.
שַׁ֫חַת
† שַׁ֫חַת n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ ψ 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת 16:10 +; cstr. שַׁ֫חַת Is 38:17 ψ 35:7; sf. שַׁחְתָּם Ez 19:4, 8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה ψ 35:8b We);—
1. pit, for catching lion (in fig.) Ez 19:4, 8; fig. פעל שׁ׳ ψ 7:16; c. עשׂה 9:16; c. חפר 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה 94:13 Pr 26:27; + ψ 35:8b 𝔖 We (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Jb 9:31.
2. pit of She’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Jb 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ ψ 16:10 (‖ שְׁאוֹל), 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Ez 28:8, and ψ 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Jb 33:22; יָמוּת Is 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Jb 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ ψ 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Is 38:17 (poem), c. חְשׂךְ Jb 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Jon 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Jb 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל ψ 103:4; personif. Jb 17:14 (‖ רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (cf., from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Pr 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).
שָׁחַת
[שָׁחַת51] vb. go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (NH Hiph. = BH, Ecclus. שחיתה 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic سَحَتَ extirpate; Ethiopic ሰሐጠ: injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (v. WklTelAm. Vocab.), Assyrian poss. šêtu, flee, escape (cf. אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lzb374, Aramaic שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (assim. of ܬ), mutilate;—very improb. Gerber179 denom. from שַׁחַת);—
†Niph. be marred, spoiled, Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Je 13:7, vessel 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵת Ex 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in morals and rel., of earth, Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Gn 6:12 (P), Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשּׁ׳ לִפְנֵי הָא׳ v 11 (P); so Pt. fpl. as adj. נִשְׁחָתוֹת Ez 20:44.
†Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁחֵת Ex 32:7 +, sf. שִׁחֶתְךָ Ho 13:9; 2 ms. שִׁחַתָּ Is 14:20 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Je 5:10; Inf. cstr. שַׁחֵת Gn 13:10 +, etc.;— 1. spoil, ruin, acc. of eye Ex 21:26 (E), vineyard Je 12:10 (fig.), branches Na 2:3 (fig.), also = destroy, acc. pers. 2 S 1:14; 14:11 (acc. om.), Ez 5:16; 20:17, כָּל־בָּשָׂר Gn 6:17; 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Gn 13:10; 19:13, 29 (all J); 2 S 24:16; Je 5:10 (acc. om.) 48:18; Ez 26:4; 43:3; La 2:5, ruin temple v 6, nation Ho 11:9; 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land 2 K 19:12 (Hiph. in ‖ Is 37:12), Ju 6:5 Jos 22:33 (P), Ez 22:30; 30:11, earth Gn 9:11 (P); c. ל obj. (ל 3 b), city 1 S 23:11, pers. Nu 32:15 (P); c. acc. רַחֲמָיו Am 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RSK 28 al., the bonds of kinship, v. רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Mal 2:8, i.e. violate it, v. especially וְשׁ׳ אַרְצָה (sc. semen) Gn 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Pr 23:8. 2. pervert, corrupt, acc. wisdom Ez 28:17, abs. = deal corruptly, חֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Ho 9:9 (cf. [עָמֹק], p. 770b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Ex 32:7 (JE), Dt 9:12, so שׁ׳ לוֹ 32:5.
Hiph.103 Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁחִית Gn 6:12 +; 1 s. וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Je 51:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁחִית Dn 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Mal 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת 1 Ch 20:1; 2 fs. וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ez 16:47, 2 mpl. תַּשְׁחִתוּן Dt 4:16; 31:29; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁחִיתָהּ 2 K 18:25 = Is 36:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׁחֵת Dt 31:29; cstr. הַשְׁחִית 1 S 26:15 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׁחִית Gn 19:14 +, etc.;— 1. spoil, ruin, acc. crop Ju 6:4; Mal 3:11, trees Dt 20:19, 20; Je 11:19 (fig.), vessels 2 Ch 36:19, houses 34:11, palaces Je 6:5, cf. Is 65:8; Lv 19:27 (H), Ru 4:6; הִשׁ׳ דַּיָּם Je 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; acc. pers. = ruin, destroy, 1 S 26:9, 15 Ju 20:21, 25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), v 35, 42; 2 K 13:23; 2 Ch 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 times, + (acc. pers. om.) Is 51:13 + 4 times, acc. בֵּית דָּוִד 2 Ch 21:7, abs. Is 11:9 = 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Pr 11:9; acc. עַם 2 S 24:16; Dt 9:26; land 1 S 6:5; Je 36:29; Dn 11:17 (v. Dr); city wall 2 S 20:15 (Ew Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < 𝔊 We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְהַשְּׁבִים were devising), La 2:8, cities and nations Gn 18:28(×2) (J, acc. om.), 19:13, 14 (J), Is 37:12 (Pi. in ‖ 2 K 19:12), 36:10(×2) = 2 K 18:25(×2) + 11 times + (Israel personif.) Dt 4:31; 10:10; 2 K 8:19, pride of Judah Je 13:9, earth Je 51:1; abs. c. adv. acc. Dn 8:24 (v. Dr; Bev conj. יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), cf. 1 Ch 21:12; Pt. as adj., of lion Je 2:30, angel 1 Ch 21:15; = destroyer Ex 12:23 (J), Je 22:7; Is 54:16, מ׳ גּוֹיִם Je 4:7, רוּח מ׳ 51:1; sg. coll. (הַמּ׳ Ges§ 126 i; the destroying band, cf. Dr Bu Now) 1 S 13:17; 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); fig. for snare, trap, Je 5:26. †2. pervert, corrupt, morally, acc. דֶּרֶךְ Gn 6:12 (P; v. דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 6:32, cf. Zp 3:7; Ez 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה ψ 14:1 = 53:2; הַשְׁהֵת תַּשְׁח׳ (+ vb. of particular act) Dt 4:16; 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Is 1:4; Dt 4:25 (+ vb. of act), 2 Ch 27:2, + מִן comp. Ju 2:19; Ez 16:47; Pt. as subst. Je 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳ Pr 28:24 (18:9 v. infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody?) in ψ-titles: †57:1; 58:1; 59:1; 75:1.
†Hoph. Pt. מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Pr 25:26 (‖ מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as subst. Mal 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.
שַׁ֫חַת²
שַׁ֫חַת v. שׁוח.
שֵׂט
† [שֵׂט, סֵט] n.[m.
שֵׂט²
[שֵׂט], שֵׂטִים v. [שׂוט].
שִׁטָּה
שִׁטָּה27 n.f. acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה*, Arabic سَنْطٌ, prob. loan-word from Egyptian šndt, šondet, Thes1452 ErmanZMG xivi (1892), 120);—growing in dry places; especially acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; cf. RobBR ii. 20, or a. seyyâl PostFlora 298 f. Hast. DB Shittah-tree TristrNHB 390 ff.;—שׁ׳ sg. Is 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually pl., עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm wood, material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Dt 10:3; Ex 25:5, 10, 13 + 19 times Ex 25—38 (P); עֲצֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Ex 26:32, 37; 36:36 (P).
שָׂטה
† [שָׂטה] vb. turn aside (Aramaic סְטָא, ܣܛܳܐ id.; שְׂטָא stray; Ethiopic ሠጠየ iii. 1 be seduced, etc.; cf. DrJPhil. xi (1882), 205);—
Qal Pf. 2 fs. שָׂטִית Nu 5:19, 20; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׂטֶה v 12, 29, juss. 3 ms. יֵשְׂטְ Pr 7:25; Imv. ms. שְׂטֵה 4:15;—turn aside, of unfaithful wife Nu 5:12 (abs.), + תַּחַת אִישׁ, i.e. while married, v 19 (+ טֻמְאָה adv. acc.), v 20, 29 (all P); of youth, from (מֵעַל) way of evil woman Pr 4:15, toward (אֶל) her ways 7:25.
שָׁטַח
† [שָׁטַח] vb. spread, spread abroad (NH id.; Arabic سَطَحَ spread out; so Ethiopic ሰጥሐ: Aramaic שְׁטַח, ܫܛܰܚ );—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. consec. וּשְׁטָחוּם לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Je 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., acc. of many separate things, so Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁטַח 2 S 17:19 (עַל loc.; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3 mpl. + Inf. abs. וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Nu 11:32 (J) they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (i.e. to dry them; 𝔙 siccaverunt; cf. Di Gray); Pt. שֹׁטֵחַ לַגּוֹיִם Jb 12:23 expanding the nations (cf. ל 3 b).
Pi. Pf. 1 s. שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י ψ 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.
שֹׁטֵט
† שֹׁטֵט n.[m.] scourge;—abs. שׁ׳ בְּצִדֵּיכֶם Jos 23:13 (D; national scourge; < read שׁוֹטִים).
שֹׁטֵט²
שֹׁטֵט v. שׁוֹט, שִׁטִּים v. supra.
שִׁטִּים
† שִׁטִּים n.pr.loc. always הַשּׁ׳; usually Σαττειν:
1. E. of Jordan, Jos 2:1; 3:1 (E), Mi 6:5; Nu 25:1 (P); = אָבֵל הַשּׁ׳ 33:49; on exact site v. BuhlG 116 Gray Nu 25:1.
2. נַחַל הַשּׁ׳ Jo 4:18 (perhaps Wady es-Sanṭ, W. of Jerus., cf. We BuhlGeogr. 90, and views in Dr).
שָׂטַם
† [שָׂטַם] vb. bear a grudge, cherish animosity, against (NH שָׂטַם Niph., 𝔗 Gn 27:41 שְׂטַם; perhaps akin to שׂטן q.v.);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׂטֹם Gn 27:41, 3 mpl. sf. יִשְׂטְמוּנִי ψ 55:4, etc.;—cherish animosity against, acc. pers. Gn 27:41 (J), 49:23 (poem in J), 50:15 (E), + בְּאַף ψ 55:4; of י׳’s persistent assaults on Job, Jb 16:9; 30:21.
שָׂטַן
† [שָׂטַן] vb.denom. (Gerber30) be or act as adversary;—
Qal Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יִשְׂטְנוּנִי ψ 38:21; 109:4; Inf. cstr. sf. לְשִׂטְנוֹ Zc 3:1; Pt. pl. cstr. שֹטְנֵי ψ 71:13, sf. שֹטְנַי 109:20, שׂוֹטְנַי v 29.
שָׂטָן
† שָׂטָן n.m. ψ 109:6 1. adversary. 2. Satan (NH שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); NH vb. סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );—
1. adversary, in gen., personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Nu 22:22 (JE), 1 S 29:4 (cf. NesMarg. 15), 2 S 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Nu 22:32 (JE); שׂ׳ 1 K 5:18; 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God 1 K 11:14, 23, cf. ψ 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע).
2. superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳: a. of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Jb 1:6, 7(×2), 8, 9, 12(×2); 2:1, 2(×2), 3, 4, 6, 7. b. of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zc 3:1, 2(×2); 𝔊 ὁ διάβολος. c. as n.pr. שׂ׳ Satan 1 Ch 21:1 (interpr. 2 S 24:1), 𝔊 διάβολος (𝔊 σατάν †1 K 11:14, 23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).
שׂטן
שׂטן (√ of following).
שִׂטְנָה
† I. שִׂטְנָה n.f. accusation;—Ezr 4:6.
שִׂטְנָה²
† II. שִׂטְנָה n.pr. putei (hostility) Gn 26:21 (J).
שֶׁ֫טֶף
† שֶׁ֫טֶף, שֶׁ֫צֶף n.m. Na 1:8 flood;—abs. שֶׁ֫טֶף Na 1:8 + 3 times; cstr. שֶׁ׳ Pr 27:4, שֵׁ׳ ψ 32:6;—flood, fig. of י׳’s judgment, שׁ׳ עֹבֵר Na 1:8, cf. Dn 9:26, זְרֹעוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 11:22 (cf. Dr); of calamity, שׁ׳ מַיִם רַבִּים ψ 32:6; שׁ׳ אָף Pr 27:4 a flood of anger; so שֶׁצֶף קֶצֶף Is 54:8 (צ for ט bef. foll. צ Ew Di; > Du Che Marti del. שׁ׳ as dittogr.); שֶׁטֶף lit. of rainflood, Jb 38:25.
שָׁטַף
† שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram. שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف id., Cuche);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1 K 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Is 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Is 28:2;— 1. overflow, of river Is 8:8; Je 47:2a (v. נַחַל), Dn 11:10, 40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Is 28:15 (qy. by StaThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235, Du Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v 18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v 2 (מַיִם), 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Is 10:22; c. acc. of land Je 47:2b, pers. (fig.) Is 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), ψ 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v 16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Is 28:17 Ct 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Is 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Dn 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Je 8:6. 2. flow, run, lit. of נַחַל ψ 78:20 2 Ch 32:4. 3. lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed 1 K 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 15:11 (P); of stain Ez 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Jb 14:19.
Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Lv 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Dn 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v 26 (cf. Dr).
Pu. Pf. 3 ms. וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.
שֹׁטֵר
† שֹׁטֵר n.m. official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳ Pr 6:7, שׁו׳ 2 Ch 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Dt 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr Dt 1:15 Gray Nu 11:16): organizing people for marching Jos 1:10; 3:2 (both E), cf. Dt 20:5, 8, 9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Ex 5:14, cf. v 6, 10, 15, 19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Nu 11:16 (E), Dt 29:9; 31:28; + שׁ פְטִים 16:18 1 Ch 23:4; 26:29, + ז׳ et שֹׁפ׳ Jos 8:33 (RD), and (+ רָאשִׁים) 23:2 (RD), 24:1 (E, or RD); שֹׁט׳ as minor judges also Dt 1:15; שֹׁט׳ הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 27:1, chosen from Levites 2 Ch 19:11; 34:13 (+ סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. 26:11 (‖ הַסּוֹפֵר); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל Pr 6:7.
שׁטר
שׁטר (√ of foll.; Assyrian šaṭâru, write, Sab. סטר HomChr 124 DHMEp. Denkm. Ar. lii. 2, liv. 2; Arabic سَطَرَ rule (a book), write, سَطْرٌ row, line; Aramaic שְׁטָרָא, ܫܛܳܪܳܐ document, so HilprBab. Exp. x. 8 CISii. 67, Nab. Palm. שטר Lzb374: HomNKZ i. 69 all from Assyrian).
שִׁטְרַי
† שִׁטְרַי n.pr.m. an official of David, 1 Ch 27:29 Kt (> Qr שִׁרְטִי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.
שַׁי
† שַׁי n.m. gift offered as homage (√ dub.; perhaps in spite of שׁ = ش Arabic شَيِىَٔ, vb. wish, شَىْءٌ thing (weakened from thing desired); cf. חֵפֶץ 4);—יוּבַל שׁ׳ Is 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳ ψ 76:12, יוֹב׳ שָׁ֑י 68:30.
שׁיא
שׁיא n.pr.m. 2 S 20:25 Kt, v. שְׁוָא.
שִׂיא²
[שִׂיא], שִׂיאֹן v. נשׂא.
שִׁיאוֹן
† שִׁיאוֹן n.pr.loc. in Issachar, Jos 19:19, Σιωνα, Σηω.
שִׂיב
† [שִׂיב] vb. be hoary (NH שֵׂיבָה old age; Assyrian šêbu, aged man; Arabic شَابَ (ى) become hoary, Ethiopic ሤበ (in deriv.); Aramaic סִיב be old; ܣܶܐܒ grow old, ܣܰܝ̈ܒܳܬܳܐ grey hair);—
Qal Pf. 1 s. זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂ֫בְתִּי 1 S 12:2; Pt. שָׂב Jb 15:10 (+ יָשִׁישׁ aged).
שֵׂיב
† [שֵׂיב] n.[m.] (hoary) age;—sf. שֵׂיבוֹ 1 K 14:4.
שִׁיבָה
† I. [שִׁיבָה] n.f. sojourn (= יְשִׁיבָה according to Thes)—only בְּשִׁיבָתוֹ 2 S 19:33 during his sojourn; but read בְּשִׁבְתּוֹ, v. יָשַׁב Qal 2.—ii. שִׁיבָה v. sub שׁוב.
שֵׂיבָה
† שֵׂיבָה n.f. hoary head, old age;—abs. שׂ׳ Ho 7:9 +; cstr. שֵׂיבַת Gn 44:31; sf. שֵׂיבָתִי 42:38; 44:29, etc.;—
1. grey hair, hoary head Ho 7:9 (fig.), Gn 42:38; 44:29, 31 (all J), 1 K 2:6, 9; Pr 16:31; 20:29; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Dt 32:25 (opp. יוֹנֵק); ‖ זָקֵן Lv 19:32 (H), ‖ זִקְנָה Is 46:4, + id., ψ 71:18 (in these transition to foll.); fig. of sea Jb 41:24.
2. old age, שׂ׳ טוֹבָה Gn 15:15 (JE), 25:8 (P), Ju 8:32; 1 Ch 29:28; שׂ׳ also ψ 92:15 (trees, in fig. of righteous), Ru 4:15, + 2 S 19:34 (𝔊 Ew Th Bu Kit, cf. We Dr HPS, אֶת־שֵׂיבָֽתְךָ, for אֹתְךָ).
שִׁיבָה²
† II. [שִׁיבָה] cstr. שִׁיבַת restoration (?) ψ 126:1, but read שְׁבִית, v. sub שָׁבָה.—i. שִׁיבָה v. ישׁב.
שִׁיבָה³
I. שִׁיבָה v. ישׁב.
שִׁיבָה⁴
II. שִׁיבָה v. שׁוב.
שִׂיג
שִׂיד
† שִׂיד n.[m.] lime, whitewash;—always שׂ׳;—lime, produced by burning bones Am 2:1, in sim. Is 33:12; as whitewash Dt 27:2, 4.
שׂיד
שׂיד (√ of foll.: NH סִיד lime, סַיָּד white-washer; Aramaic סִידָא, ܣܰܝܕܳܐ lime, Arabic شِيدٌ (not loan-word, cf. Frä8)).
שִׂיד²
† [שִׂיד, שׂוּד] vb. denom. whitewash;—
Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְשַׂדְתָּ֫ אֹתָם בַּשִּׂיד Dt 27:2, 4.
שָׁיָה
† [שָׁיָה] vb. only
Qal Impf. apoc. צוּר יְלָֽדְךָ תֶּ֑שִׁי Dt 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Di Dr.
שֵׂיוֹ
שֵׂיוֹ, שְׂיֵהוּ v. שֶׂה.
שִׁיזָא
† שִׁיזָא n.pr.m. in Reuben, 1 Ch 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.
שִׂיחַ
† I. שִׂיחַ n.m. ψ 104:34 complaint, musing;—abs. שׂ׳ 1 K 18:27; Pr 23:29; sf. שִׂיחִי 1 S 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Jb 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ 2 K 9:11 ψ 102:1;—
1. plaint, complaint: Jb 7:13; 9:27; 10:1 (‖ מר נפשׁ), 21:4; 23:2 Pr 23:29 ψ 55:3 (‖ אָהִימָה); קוֹלִי בְּשִׂיחִי 64:2; שָׁפַךְ שׂ׳ לפני י׳ 102:1; 142:3. Foll. are dub.:
2. musing, 1 K 18:27 (E) of a god, ‖ שִׂיג לוֹ, (so RV; SS ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; AV talk); ψ 104:34 of man (Buhl SS. Bae ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ] infr.
3. anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי 1 S 1:16; (defined in MT by כַּעַס, cf. HPS; so Buhl SS, but perhaps = 1).
4. the way in which he talks: שִׂיחוֹ 2 K 9:11.
שִׁיחַ
[שִׁיחַ], שִׁיחָה v. שׁוח.
שׂיח
I. שׂיח (√ of foll.; NH שִׂיחַ speak, שִׂיחָה, סִיחָה conversation (often); Aramaic שִׂיחַ speak; NöZMG xxxviii (1883), 538 cp. Arabic شَاحَ (ى) be eager, diligent, whence (Buhl) eager occupation with sthg. as orig. meaning in Heb., but conjectural).
שִׂיחַ²
† שִׂיחַ vb.denom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂיחַ ψ 119:23; 3 fs. sf. תְּשִׂיחֶ֑ךָ Pr 6:22; 1 s. אָשִׂיחַ ψ 119:78 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂיחַ Jb 12:8; mpl. שִׂיחוּ Ju 5:10 +; Inf. cstr. שִׂיחַ ψ 119:148;— 1. complain: ψ 55:18; 77:4 (both ‖ הָמָה), Jb 7:11 (בְּמַר נַפְשִׁי), + ψ 6:7 (read prob. אָשִׂיחָה for אַשְׂחֶה). 2. muse: עִם־לְבָבִי ψ 77:7; c. ב, meditate upon, study, God’s עֲלִילוֹת v 13 (‖ הָגָה); פִּקּוּדִים 119:15, 78; חֻקִּים v 23, 48; נִפְלָאוֹת v 27; אִמְרָה v 148; c. acc. דִּבְרֵי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ 145:5. 3. a. talk (about), sing (of): abs. Ju 5:10 (ode); c. ב rei, ψ 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9 (‖ שִׁיר, זִמֵּר; so SS Gerber, but poss. = 2, so Dr), ψ 69:13 (ב pers. against; ‖ נְגִינוֹת, of mocking words). b. c. sf. pers. talk (with) Pr 6:22 (del. Toy); c. לְ speak to Jb 12:8 (Di ‘sprich sinnend’; Hi Bu read שֶׁרֶץ; Kau חַיַּת (so Bu as altern.), Bö al. sub II. שִׂיחַ). Pôlʿel meditate, consider: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׂוֹחֵחַ Is 53:8 (abs.); 1 s. אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ ψ 143:5 (ב rei; ‖ הָגָה).
שׂיח²
II. שׂיח (√ of foll.; cf. perhaps Assyrian šâḫu, grow, grow up (of trees), šiḫtu, appar. a shoot, sprout; NH = BH; Pun. שח; Syriac ܣܺܝܚܳܐ artemisia Judaica, cf. WetzstReisebericht 4, 41 Löwp. 78, so Arabic شِيحٌ Lane 1628 (cf. LagBN 159)).
שִׂיחַ³
† II. שִׂיחַ n.[m.] bush, shrub, plant;—שׂ׳ abs. coll. Jb 30:4, cstr. שׂ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Gn 2:5 (J); pl. שִׂיחִים Jb 30:7, אַחַד הַשִּׂיחִם Gn 21:15 (E).
שִׂיחָה
† שִׂיחָה n.f. id.;—abs. שׂ׳ ψ 119:99 Jb 15:4; sf. שִׂיחָתִי ψ 119:97;—
1. complaint: שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי־אֵל Jb 15:4; (so Bu al., cf. שִׂיחַ 1 De al. meditation, cf. [גָּרַע]).
2. (obj. of) musing, study: תּוֹרָה ψ 119:97; עֵדוּת v 99.
שִׁיחָה
† שִׁיחָה n.f.id.;—כרה שׁ׳ Je 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), ψ 57:7; pl. כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת 119:85.
שִׁיחוֹר
† שִׁיחוֹר n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, prob. E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Jos 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם 1 Ch 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Is 23:3 (‖ קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Je 2:18; cf. DlPa 311 WilsonHast. DB Shihor (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).
שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנַת
† שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנַת n.pr.flum. in Asher, Jos 19:26; τῷ Σειων[ρ] καὶ Λαβαναθ; poss. Nahr ez-Zerḳâ, S. of Carmel, and just N. of Caesarea, WilsonHast. DB Shihor Libnath, but v. BuhlG 105.
שַׁ֫יִט
† שַׁ֫יִט n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳ Is 33:21 rowing vessel;—28:15 Kt v. שׁוֹט.
שַׁיִט
שַׁיִט v. I. שׁוט.
שִׁילֹה
† שִׁילֹה Gn 49:10, appar. n., but prob. = שֶׁלּוֹ he whose it is, or that which belongs to him, v. infra; views are: (1) שִׁיל (= שָׁלִיל, NH embryo, + sf. הֹ—= his son, 𝔗 Jer Rabb Calv); (2) שִׁלוּ, שִׁילוֹ n.pr.loc. (q.v.) Herder De and most (until recently); (3) n.pr. of Messiah, AV RV Münster (1534) on basis of Talm Sanh 98b; groundless; (4) Jer שׁלה = שָׁלֻחַ, qui mittendus est; (5) שֶׁלֹּה = לוֹ + שֶׁ, 𝔗Onk whose is the kingdom, 𝔖 whose it is, so Aphr Ephr. 𝔊 ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ (Codd. ᾧ ἀπόκειται); so Sam. שלה, cf. עֵד־בֹּא אֲשֶׁר לוֹ הַמִּשְׁפָּט Ez 21:32, Aq Sym Theod Saad; this reading best, but exact transl. not certain; v. DrJPhil. xiv (1885), 1 ff. Gn. 418 ff. BrMP 95 ff., Intr. 238 ff. PoznańskiSchiloh (1904).
שִׁילוֹ
שִׁילוֹ, שִׁלוֹ n.pr.loc., שִׁילֹנִי etc., v. שִׁלֹה.
שׁילל
שׁילל v. שׁלל.
שִׁילֹנִי
† שִׁילֹנִי, שִׁילוֹנִי etc., adj.gent. of foreg.: הַשִׁילֹנִי of Ahijajh 1 K 11:29; 15:29, הַשִּׁלֹנִי 12:15; הַשִּׁילוֹנִי 2 Ch 9:29; הַשִּׁלוֹנִי 10:15; also הַשִּׁילוֹנִי (coll.) 1 Ch 9:5, in ‖ Ne 11:5 הַשִּׁלֹנִי without n.pr.m., but in both these read הַשֵּׁ(י)לָנִי Be Ke Ryle GuHpt Siegf Ne Buhl, etc.; v. ii. שֵׁלָה.
שִׂים
I, II. שִׂים, שִׂימָה etc., v. I, II. שׂום.
שִׁימוֹן
† שִׁימוֹן n.pr.m. in Judah, 1 Ch 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.
שַׁ֫יִן
† [שַׁ֫יִן, שֵׁין] n.m.
שׁין
שׁין (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šânu, Iphte. ištîn, urinate; šînâti (pl.), urine; vb. also Ethiopic ሤነ Aramaic ܬܘܢ, ܬܳܢ; v. Arabic مَثَانَةٌ bladder (Wahrm)).
שִׁיר
† שִׁיר77 n.m. song (NH id.; so Ecclus 40:21 +);—שׁ׳ abs. Ju 5;12 +, cstr. 2 Ch 29:27 +; sf. שִׁירִי ψ 28:7, etc.; pl. שִׁירִים 1 Ch 13:8; Ct 1:1; שִׁרִים Gn 31:27; Pr 25:20; sf. שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Am 5:23, etc.;—
1. lyric song, + מָשָׁל 1 K 5:12, opp. קִינָה Am 8:10; joyous Gn 31:27 (J) Is 30:29; שׁ׳ עגבים Ez 33:32; triumphal Ju 5:12; love song Ct 1:1(×2) (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), ψ 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Am 5:23 Ez 26:13, in drunken revels Is 24:9, cf. 23:16; שׁ׳ כסילים Ec 7:5; not for sorrow Pr 25:20 ψ 137:3(×2); בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ec 12:4 songstresses (prob. birds).
2. religious song, in worship, ‖ תפלה ψ 42:9; usually praise, הלל בשׁיר 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ 28:7; שִׁיר תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Ne 12:46; שׁיר י׳ ψ 137:4 2 Ch 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Is 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 times, v. חָדָשׁ; in ψ-titles, שׁיר 46:1, cf. Is 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs ψ 120:1 + 14 times (v. ii. מַעֲלָה p. 752); c. מִזְמוֹר ψ 48:1 + 12 times (v. מִז׳ p. 274); מַשְׂכִּיל שִׁיר 45:1; (שׁ׳ orig. alone in all except 30:1; 92:1; 108:1, v. BrJBL xviii (1899), 138).
3. specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., 1 Ch 6:16, 17; 13:8 (so read also ‖ 2 S 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, 𝔊 Th and mod., cf. ב׳), 25:6, 7; 2 Ch 23:18; 29:28 Ne 12:27; כלי (ה)שׁיר instrument to accompany song 1 Ch 15:16 + 6 times (v. כְּלִי 2 b); cf. Am 6:5.
שׁיר
שׁיר (√ of foll., cf. NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 537).
שִׁיר²
† [שִׁיר86] vb. sing (denom. according to NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 537 Gerb172, but, if so, an old one);—
Qal49 Pf. 3 ms. שָׁר ψ 7:1; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיר Ex 15:1 Nu 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Jb 33:27 for יָשׁר, √ II. שׁוּר, so SS Bu Gerb; in this sense also Ew De Di RV and all mod.); 3 fs. וַתָּ֫שַׁר Ju 5:1, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁירוּ Ex 15:21 +; Inf. cstr. לָשׁוּר 1 S 18:6 Kt (< Qr לָשִׁיר, so Bu; 𝔊B om., cf. Dr KitKau HPS Now); Pt. שָׁר Pr 25:20; pl. שָׁרִים 2 S 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת 2 S 19:36 + 2 times + Am 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; v. שִׁירָה);—sing, c. acc. שִׁיר Is 42:10 ψ 33:3 + 5 times; שִׁירָה Ex 15:1; Nu 21:17 (E) Is 5:1; שׁ׳ בשׁרים Pr 25:20; מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֹן ψ 137:3; שׁגיון 7:1 (𝔊 מזמור), תהלה 106:12; c. acc. of theme 59:17; 89:2; abs. Ju 5:1; 1 S 18:6; c. לְ ψ 13:6; 96:1, 2 = 1 Ch 16:23, Ex 15:1, 21; Je 20:13; ‖ זמּר ψ 68:5, 33; 101:1; 104:33; 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9; Ju 5:3; + זמּר abs. ψ 57:8 = 108:2; c. acc. theme 21:14; c. לְ pers. 27:6; of nature 65:14 (after הַתְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Jb 33:27 (v. supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers 2 S 19:36 1 K 10:12 + 6 times (Ez 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם 𝔊 Hi Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses 2 S 19:36; 2 Ch 35:25; Ec 2:8 + Am 8:3 (v. supra).—ψ 138:5 read וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pōʿl.36 Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרְרוּ Jb 36:24; Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹרֵר Zp 2:14; Pt. מְשׁוֹרֵר 1 Ch 6:18; 2 Ch 29:28; pl. מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezr 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Zp 2:14; men Jb 36:24; elsewhere pt. of Levitical singers 1 Ch 6:18; 9:33 + 31 times, + fpl. Ezr 2:65 songstresses = Ne 7:67.
†Hoph. be sung: Impf. יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Is 26:1.
שִׁירָה
† שִׁירָה n.f. song (pl. [שׁ]ירות Ecclus 39:15);—abs. שׁ׳ Ex 15:1 + 9 times; cstr. שִׁירַת Is 5:1; 23:15; pl. cstr. שִׁירוֹת Am 8:3 (read שָׁרוֹת 𝔊 HoffmZAW iii (1883) We al.);—song, ode, Ex 15:1 (E), 2 S 22:1 = ψ 18:1, Dt 31:19(×2), 21, 22, 30; 32:44; Nu 21:17 (E) Is 5:1; 23:15.
שַׁ֫יִשׁ
† שַׁ֫יִשׁ n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? NH id.; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ, perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ 1 Ch 29:2 (material of temple); cf. PatrickHast.DB Marble.
שִׁישָׁא
† שִׁישָׁא n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, 1 K 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, 𝔊L Σαφατ; cf. שְׂרָיָה.
שִׁישַׁק
† שִׁישַׁק n.pr.m. king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. b.c.), 1 K 11:40; 14:25 Qr (Kt שושק), = 2 Ch 12:2; 2 Ch 12:9, שִׁישָׁ֑ק v 5(×2), 7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, BlauZMG xv (1861), 233 ff. SteindBAS i. 351; = Sošenḳ WMMAs. u. Eur. 166 ff.; Ency. Bib. Shishak; cf. GriffithHast.DB Shishak.
שִׁית
† שִׁית vb. put, set (NöBeitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss. 39 f.; cf. Ph. שת Lzb 375; Ecclus שית Pt. pass. 31:27 (?); v. also (Nöl.c. 41) Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ quality, appearance);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. שָׁת Gn 4:25 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫תָה 1 S 4:20 +, 2 ms. שַׁ֫תָּה ψ 8:7, שַׁ֫תָּ 90:8, sf. שַׁתַּ֫נִי 88:7, 9, 1 s. שַׁ֫תִּי 73:28 +; 3 pl. שָּׁ֫תוּ Ex 33:4 + 3 times, metapl. שַׁתּוּ ψ 49:15; 73:9 (other forms not found); Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁית Ex 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Jb 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Gn 30:40 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫הוּ Ru 4:16, תִּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ ψ 21:10 +, 1 s. sf. אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ 1 K 11:34; Imv. ms. שִׁית Pr 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה ψ 9:21; 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Je 31:21, etc.; Inf. abs. שֹׁת Is 22:7; cstr. שִׁית Jb 30:1 +; Pt. pass. וְשִׁית (Je 13:16 Qr, but read Kt יָשִׁית); sf. שִׁתִי Ex 10:1;— 1. put, lay hand upon, עַל, Gn 46:4 (E), 48:14, 17 (J), Jb 9:33 ψ 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Ex 23:1 (E); put ornaments, עַל pers., 33:4 (J); cf. 1 S 2:8 Is 15:9 Jb 22:24 Ru 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Ru 4:16; put wisdom, ב loc., Jb 38:36, cf. Pr 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי ψ 13:3, i.e. take counsel, plan; מַחְסִי בי׳ ψ 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל pers. Ex 21:22 (E), sin Nu 12:11 (E), cf. (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) ψ 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), acc. + ל pers. Gn 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint ψ 9:21. 2. a. set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Gn 30:40, cf. לֹא שָׁתָם עַל v 40 (J); acc. pers. = appoint (עַל over) 41:33 (E); set לָמוֹ pers. (ל 3 b) + ב loc. ψ 73:18, so (acc.) 88:7 and (obj. pers. om.) 12:6, set crown לְרֹאשׁוֹ 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא 132:11; set pers. among (ב pers.) 2 S 19:29; Je 3:19, cf. (עִם) Jb 30:1; set watch לְפִי ψ 141:3, snares לִי 140:6, enmity, בֵּין pers. Gn 3:15 (J); iniquities לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ ψ 90:8, cf. 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל loc. Nu 24:1 (J), eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ ψ 17:11. b. in phr. שׁ׳ לֵב לְ set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (cf. שׂוּם 2 b), Ex 7:23 (E), 2 S 13:20; Je 31:21 ψ 48:14 Pr 22:17; 27:23, c. אֶל Jb 7:17, abs. 1 S 4:20 ψ 62:11; Pr 24:32 I reflected. c. set, fix, גְּבוּל Ex 23:31 (E; c. מִן … עַד), תָּשִׁית לִי הֹק Jb 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, 38:11 (וּפֹא יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלָּיךָ De al. here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v 10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳, Bi Bu יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳). 3. constitute, make one something, 2 acc., 1 K 11:34 I will make him prince, Is 5:6; 26:1; Je 22:6 ψ 21:7; 84:7; 88:9 (+ למוֹ ind. obj.), 110:1 2 S 22:12 ‖ ψ 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (cf. 18:41); acc. + ל make something into Je 2:15 = 50:3; 13:16 ψ 45:17 (+ ב loc.); acc. + ב comp. make one like Ho 2:5 (‖ שִׂים), Is 16:3 ψ 21:10; 83:12, 14; acc. only, make, prepare, feast Je 51:39, cf. שָׁת קָצִיר לָךְ Ho 6:11 (read poss. שִׁית, pt. pass.), make darkness ψ 104:20; = perform signs, ב loc. Ex 10:1 (J). 4. internally trans., = take one’s stand (cf. שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה Is 22:7; c. עָלָֽי (against) ψ 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Jb 10:20 (Kt; > Qr Imv. וְשִׁית) is dub., יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, cf. Di (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Du (sc. יָד; reads Imv.); Lag (so Bu) proposes יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָשֵׁב, 𝔊 Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (𝔊 Bu Be Du) for יָמַי יחדל prob. rightly.
Hoph. (or Qal pass. Ges§ 53 u), Impf. 3 ms. יוּשַׁת Ex 21:30 (E) if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, v. 30.
שַׁ֫יִת
† שַׁ֫יִת n.[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ dub.; DietrAbh. 73 cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: abs. שׁ׳ Is 7:23, 24; 9:17; 27:4 (cf. Du); שָׁ֑יִת 5:6; 7:25; sf. שִׁיתוֹ 10:17 (fig. Assyrian).
שִׁית²
† שִׁית n.m. garment (NöBeitrlige, 41 f., cp. Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—cstr. שִׁית זוֹנָה Pr 7:10; fig. שׁ׳ חָמָס ψ 73:6 (v. II. עטף).
שֵׂךְ
שֵׂךְ, שֻׂכָּה v. IV. שׂכך.
שֹׂךְ
שֹׂךְ v. II. שׂכך.
שׂךְ
† [שׂךְ] n.[m.] booth, pavilion (שׂ׳ perhaps erron., cf. סֹךְ, סֻכָּה sub II. סכך);—sf. שֻׂכּוֹ La 2:6 his [י׳’s pavilion (‖ מֹעֲדוֹ).
שֵׂךְ²
† [שֵׂךְ] n.[m.] thorn;—pl. שִׂכִּים Nu 33:55 (P; ‖ צְנִינִם).
שָׁכַב
שָׁכַב (LagBN 63)212 vb. lie down (NH = BH; שכב Ecclus 47:23 (in death), משכב bed 40:5; 47:20 d, = death bed 46:19; Ph. שכב, משכב (v. מ׳ 1 infr.), Lzb375; Ethiopic ሰከበ lie, so Aramaic שְׁכַב, ܫܟܶܒ; Nab. משכבא couch; Arabic سَكَبَ only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (cf. Hiph. infr., and LagBN 63));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 26:10 +, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּב Gn 30:15 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכְּבֻן 1 S 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Jos 2:8 Jb 30:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכַב 2 S 13:5 Ez 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Gn 39:7, 12, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹב Lv 15:24; cstr. שְׁכַב 1 K 1:21 +, sf. שָׁכְבוֹ Ru 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Gn 19:33, 35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Dt 6:7 + 2 times; Pt. שֹׁכֵב Gn 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Mi 7:5; Ru 3:8, etc.;—
1. lie down (sometimes opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ): a. Ju 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל). b. to sleep, Gn 19:4 (J), 28:11 (E), 1 S 3:5; Dt 7:7; Pr 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב) also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם 1 S 9:26 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.; שׁ׳ + יָשֵׁן sleep 1 K 19:5 ψ 3:6; 4:9, cf. Pr 3:24(×2), + נִרְדָּם Jon 1:5; = be lying 1 S 3:2, 3; 26:5 (all בְּ loc.), v 7 4:5 (acc. cogn. noon-repose), 2 S 13:8, cf. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם Pr 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Ec 4:11; + be sleeping 1 S 26:7; = keep lying, c. עַד Ju 16:3; 1 S 3:15; Ru 3:13; Pr 6:9; emphasis on resting, Lv 26:6 (H), Jb 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) 2 S 12:16, cf. 13:21, שׁ׳ בַּשָּׂק 1 K 21:27, שׁ׳ בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם ψ 68:14 (of indolence?); fig. of prostration by disease 41:9 among foes 57:5; of humiliation Je 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Gn 28:13 (J), usually bed 2 S 13:5; 1 K 21:4; Lv 15:4, 24, 26, cf. v 20, for midday repose 2 S 4:7. c. lie on (עַל) one’s side Ez 4:4(×2), 6, 9 (symbol.). d. lie, עַל pers. 1 K 3:19 (fatally), 2 K 4:34 (to revive). e. lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) 2 S 12:3, of woman Mi 7:5 (intimacy), 1 K 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Gn 19:33, 35 (of woman, v. 3 infr.; both opp. קוּם).
2. = lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳ Jos 2:1 (E), 2 K 4:11, cf. 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Lv 14:47 (בְּ loc.).
3. of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Gn 30:15, 16; 39:7, 12, 14 (J), Ex 22:15 (E), Dt 22:22 + 8 times Dt., 2 S 11:4, 11; 12:11, 24 Lv 15:33; c. אֶת fem. with (MT אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., v. Dr 2 S 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85a supra), Gn 26:10; 34:2, 7; 35:22 (all J), 1 S 2:22 (om. 𝔊 and mod.), 2 S 13:14; Ez 23:8 (fig.), Lv 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Nu 5:19, also (c. acc. cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v 13 Lv 15:18; 19:20; c. acc. (sf.) fem. Dt 28:30 Kt (v. [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵצֶל fem. Gn 39:10 (J); c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Lv 18:22; 20:13 (both H; c. acc. cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁח); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Dt 27:21; Ex 22:18 (E); subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Gn 19:32, 34, 35 (J) 2 S 13:11; אֵת vir. Gn 19:33, 34 (cf. 1 e supra).
4. a. lie down in death, Is 14:8; 43:17 (opp. קוּם), Ez 31:18; 32:27, 28, 29, 30; Jb 14:12 (opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ), שׁ׳ וְאֶשְׁקוֹט 3:13; be lying (dead) Is 51:20; La 2:21. b. especially in phr. שׁ׳ עִם אֲבוֹתָיו lie down with his fathers, of kings 1 K 1:21; 2:10 + 35 times K Ch, cf. Gn 47:30 (J), Dt 31:16, and (c. אֵת) 2 S 7:12. c. in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Is 14:18 (opp. מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר ψ 88:6; לֶעָפָר Jb 7:21, עַל־ע׳ 20:11; 21:26; in She’ôl Ez 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Is 50:11.
5. fig. = relax: Jb 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לֹא שׁ׳ לִבּוֹ Ec 2:23. †Niph.Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph.Pu. q.v. †Hiph. lay, Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁכִּיבָה c. acc. puer. + בְּחֵיק 1 K 3:20, so Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v 20, cf. (עַל־מִטָּה) 17:19 2 K 4:21; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְצָה 2 S 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Impf. also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב 2 Ch 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Jb 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (cf. Arabic سَكَبَ supra). †Hoph. Pt. מֻשְׁכָּב 2 K 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; Pf. consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Ez 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹךְ et אֵת pers. (with); so Imv. ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v 19 (c. אֵת pers. only).
שְׁכָבָה
† [שְׁכָבָה] n.f. act of lying, layer;—only cstr. שִׁכְבַת;—
1. act of lying, as acc. cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Lv 15:18 (P) a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), cf. 19:20 (H) Nu 5:13 (P); then (= semen), תֵּצֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Lv 15:16, 32 (P) 22:4 (H) (+ מִמֶּנּוּ), שׁ׳ ז׳ alone 15:17 (P).
2. layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָּ֑ל Ex 16:13, 14 (P).
שְׁכֹ֫בֶת
† [שְׁכֹ֫בֶת LagBN 179 BaNB 144] n.f. copulation;—sf., all c. נָתַן: וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּוֹ Nu 5:20 (P; בְּ fem.); לֹא תִתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְזָ֑רַע Lv 18:20 (אֶל fem.), בְּכָל־בְּהֵמָה לֹא תִתֵּן שׁ׳ v 23, cf. 20:15 (all H).