Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

א

א — אֲגָג

א

א Āleph, first letter; in post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed MT); א̈= 1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

† [אֵב] n. [m.] freshness, fresh green (Lag^BN207 Inf. ibb; thence concr., cf. Arabic أَبٌّ herbage, pasture; above stem & meaning better than √אנב (spring) cf. Aramaic אִנְבֵּהּ (q.v.) Dl^{HA65, Pr114}) עֿדֶנּוּ בְאִבּוֹ while yet in its freshness (i.e. אָחוּ, reed) Jb 8:12; concr., pl. green shoots בְּאִבֵּי הַנַּחַל Ct 6:11 (‖ הֲפָֽרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן הֵנֵצוּ הָֽרִמֹּנִים׃).

אָב

אָב v. II. אבה.

אָב²

אָב₁₁₉₁ n.m. father (Ph. אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic أَبٌ, Sab. אב CIS^{iv, 1. 37 1. 2} al. Ethiopic አብ Aramaic אַבָּא, ܐܰܒܳܐ )—abs. אָב Gn 44:19 + 47 times; cstr. אַב Gn 17:4, 5 (cf. in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in n.pr. On Hal’s proposes אֲבִר v. אברהם); אֲבִי (cf. Ge^{§§ 90, 3b, 96}) Gn 4:20 +; sf. אָבִי Gn 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gn 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gn 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Ju 14:10 + 6 times; pl. אָבוֹת Ex 12:3 +; cstr. אֲבוֹת Ex 6:25 + 7 times; sf. אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָ֑י) Gn 47:9 + 15 times; אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:38 + 32 times (late); אֲבוֹתָם Ex 4:5 + 106 times etc.;—
1. father of individual Gn 2:24 (+ אֵם) 11:28, 29^(×2); 19:31, 32, 33, + often (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 (J) Je 35:6 f Pr 6:20 (cf. Gn 18:19 J 28:1, 6 P 1 S 17:20 1 K 2:1); instructing מוסר Pr 1:8; 4:1 (cf. Dt 8:5); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22 Zc 13:3^(×2) (+ אֵם) Is 45:10; cf. Gn 49:4 (J) Lv 18:7, 8, 11 (P); rebuking Gn 37:10; loving Gn 37:4; 44:20 (JE; cf. 22:2; 25:28; 37:3 2 S 14:1); pitying ψ 103:13 (in sim. cf. 2 S 18:5); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf. 27:4 also 28:1 P +); as glad Pr 10:1; 15:20 cf. 29:3; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf. 2 S 12:22; 19:1, 2 f) etc. Also as obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 (E) = Dt 5:16; Ex 21:15, 17 (E) Dt 21:18, 19 Gn 28:7 (P), 50:1, 5 1 K 19:20 (all + אֵם) (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (‖ אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).
2. of God as father of his people (v. RS^{Sem 42}), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6 Je 3:4, 19; 31:9 Is 63:16^(×2); 64:7 Mal 1:6; 2:10 (cf. Ex 4:22; 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11 Ho 11:1); cf. Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2 S 7:14 ψ 89:27; f. of needy (late) ψ 68:6 (cf. 103:13) (in n.pr., f. of individ., cf. infr.)
3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gn 38:11^(×2) Lv 22:13 +; = family Gn 24:40 (‖ מִשְׁפַחְתִּי) 41:51; 46:31 + cf. Nu 18:1, 2 Jos 2:12, 18; 6:25; especially techn. of divisions of Isr. בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Nu 3:30, 35 = a father’s house, i.e. a family or clan; more often pl. (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֹת = fathers’ houses = families, clans (cf. Di on Ex 6:14) Ex 6:14; 12:3 Nu 1:2, 18 ff. (often in Nu) Jos 22:14^(×2) without בית Jos 14:1; 19:51; 21:1^(×2) (always P in Hex.); also 1 Ch 5:13, 15 + often in Ch; cf. רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ר׳ בית א׳) Ex 6:25 cf. 1 K 8:1 1 Ch 6:4; 7:11 + often Ch Ezr Ne.
4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13; 32:10 (J; where used of Abr. & Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:3; gr.-greatgr. 1 K 15:11, 24 etc.; cf. 2 K 14:3; 15:38; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2; often pl. (= fathers, forefathers) Gn 15:15; 46:34 (JE) 1 K 19:4; 21:3, 4 2 K 19:12; 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1 K 1:21; 2:10; 11:21; 22:40 +; joined with ויקבר עם אב׳ 1 K 14:31; 15:24; 22:51 2 K 8:24; 15:38 cf. v 7, 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Ex 10:6 cf. Dn 11:24; (b) of people Gn 10:21 (J) 17:4, 5 (P) 19:37, 38 (J) 36:9, 43 (P) Dt 26:5 Is 51:2; 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, v. Che) cf. also Ez 16:3, 45 + often; pl. Ex 3:13, 15, 16 (E) Dt 1:8 Jos 1:6 Ju 2:1 1 S 12:6 +; 1 S 12:15 ad fin read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם 𝔊 We Dr.
5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20, 21.
6. fig. of producer, generator Jb 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (‖ מִי־הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל׃).
7. fig. of benevolence & protection Jb 29:16 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִים, cf. 31:18; of Eliakim Is 22:21; perhaps also of gracious Mess. king אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di)—others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn KueBr^MP).
8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); appl. to master 2 K 5:13; priest Ju 17:10; 18:19; prophet 2 K 2:12^(×2); 6:21; 13:14^(×2) cf. 8:9; counsellor Gn 45:8 (E; cf. δευτέρου πατρός 𝔊 add. Est 3:13; τῷ πατρί 1 Mac 11:32); king 1 S 24:12; artificer 2 Ch 2:12; 4:16.
9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1 Ch 2:24, 42^(×2) etc. (cf. Ew^{§ 273b}). See also Ew^{Gesch. i. 524 H i. 365}. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many prob. a divine title), v. Che^{Ency. Bib., abi, names with} Nö^{ib., names, §§ 44, 45}.

אבב

אבב (fresh, bright, Assyrian abâbu Dl^W, AGl.)

אֲבִגַיִל

אֲבִגַיִל v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה.

אֲבַגְתָא

† אֲבַגְתָא n. pr. m. (Pers. cf. בִּגְתָא) eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10.

אָבַד

† אָבַד vb. perish (MI אבד, Assyrian abâtu Dl^W184 Aramaic אֲבַד, ܐܶܒܰܕ.—
Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2 times; 3 fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4 times; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3 times; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3 times; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3 fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה 1 S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jn 1:6; 3:9; נֹאבְדָה Jon 1:14 etc.; Inf. abs. אָבֹד Dt 4:26 + 2 times; cstr. אֲבֹד Dt 7:20 Pr 11:10; אֲבָדְךָ Dt 28:20; אָבְדֶ֑ךָ Dt 28:22; אֲבָדְכֶם Jos 23:13; אָבְדָם Ob 12 Pr 28:28; Pt. אֹבֵד אוֹבֵד Dt 26:5 + 7 times; cstr. אֹבַד Dt 32:28 (v. Di Bö^{§ 378}); etc. 1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Nu 17:27 (‖ גוע & (v 28 מות), (also Dt 26:5? cf. infr.) Jon 1:6, 14 Jb 31:19 cf. 29:13 Pr 31:6 Est 4:14, 16^(×2) Mi 4:9 Je 40:15 cf. Is 57:1 Pr 11:10; 28:28 Ec 7:15 ψ 119:92; emphasis on mortality Jb 4:20 ψ 146:4 Ec 9:6; Saul & Jonath., under fig. of weapons 2 S 1:27; lion Jb 4:11; caravan Jb 6:18 (cf. Di); cf. מִן־הָאָרֶץ א׳ הָסִיד Mi 7:2, וא׳ מֶלֶךְ מֵעַזָּה Zc 9:5; perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lv 26:38 Dt 8:19^(×2), 20; 28:20, 22; 30:18^(×2) Je 27:10, 15 cf. 6:21, Ob 12 cf. ψ 80:17 Is 27:13; other nations Dt 7:20 Je 10:15; 51:18 ψ 2:12; 10:16; 83:18 cf. 9:4 Am 1:8 Is 41:11; 60:12 cf. Jon 3:9 v. also Ex 10:7 Nu 21:29, 30 (JE) Je 48:46; house of Ahab 2 K 9:8; wicked in general Ju 5:31 Jb 4:9 cf. v 7, ψ 37:20; 49:11; 68:3 (‖ sim. of melting wax), 73:27; 92:10; also Pr 19:9; 21:28; לָנֶצַח א׳ Jb 20:7; cf. דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים א׳ ψ 1:6; sq. מֵעַל הָאָ֑רֶץ (of annihilation of Isr.) Dt 4:26^(×2), 11:17 Jos 23:13, 16 (D); sq. מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל (of Korah’s company) Nu 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Je 9:11 (‖ נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר) cf. 48:8; harvest Jo 1:11; Jonah’s gourd Jon 4:10; riches Je 48:36 Ec 5:13; vessel ψ 31:13; houses Am 3:15 (so often Assyrian Dl^W); city Ez 26:17 (but del. 𝔊 Co); cf. bamôth Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co; heavens & earth ψ 102:27. 2. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory Jb 18:17 ψ 9:7; name ψ 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Jb 30:2; wisdom Is 29:14; cf. אֹבַד עֵצוֹת Dt 32:28; אֱמוּנָה Je 7:28 (‖ נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֹן Ez 12:22; יוֹם Jb 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Je 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה ψ 9:19 Pr 10:28; 11:7 Ez 19:5; 37:11 Jb 8:13; so תַּאֲוָה ψ 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֹחֶלֶת Pr 11:7, sq. מִן + agent La 3:18; תורה + עצה + דבר sq. מן + persons negligent Je 18:18 (cf. 49:7 Ez 7:26), especially א׳ מָנוֹס מִן־ (i.e. they could not escape) Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5. 3. be lost, property Dt 22:3; strayed, beasts 1 S 9:3, 20 Je 50:6 Ez 34:4, 16 ψ 119:176 (fig. of erring men); perhaps Dt 26:5.
Pi. caus. of Qal.—Pf. אִבַּד 2 K 21:3 + 2 times; sf. וְאִבַּדְךָ Co Ez 28:16 cf. infr.; אִבַּדְתִּי Je 15:7; וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ez 6:3 (𝔊 Co וְאָֽבְדוּ) etc.; Impf. יְאַבֵּד Ec 9:18; וִיאַבֵּד Ec 7:7 Zp 2:13; 1 s. sf. וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ez 28:16 (for וָאֲאַבּ׳ Ew^{§ 72 c} Ol^{§ 79 a} KöI ³³⁸ Ges^{§ 68 fin}; but Co 3 ms.; v. also Co 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Dt 12:2 etc.; Inf. abs. אַבֵּד Dt 12:2 + 3 times; cstr. id. Ez 22:27 + etc.; Pt. מְאַבְּדִים Je 23:1. 1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, obj. pers. (mostly late) 2 K 11:1 Est 3:9; 4:7; 8:5; 9:24; ‖ הרג 9:6, 12; ‖ הרג + השׁמיד 3:13; 7:4; 8:11; ‖ המם 9:24; cf. ψ 119:95; obj. נְפָשׁוֹת Ez 22:27 (del. 𝔊 Co); in judgment, subj. י׳ ψ 5:7; cf. Pr 1:32; sq. מִתּוֹךְ Ez 28:16; obj. a people 2 K 13:7 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; Jb 12:23; in judgment Dt 11:4 Je 12:17; 15:7 Zp 2:13 ψ 9:6 cf. 21:11; obj. inanimate things especially idols, bamôth etc., Nu. 33:52^(×2) (J) Dt 12:2^(×2) 2 K 21:3 Ez 6:3 (but cf. 𝔊 Co supr.); bars of Zion La 2:9 (‖ שִׁבַּר). 2. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Dt 12:3; voice of Babylon Je 51:55; memory of dead Is 26:14; substance Pr 29:3; understanding Ec 7:7; good (טוֹבָה q.v.) Ec 9:18. 3. cause to stray, lose; obj. Isr. under fig. of flock Je 23:1 (‖ הֵפִיץ); abs. Ec 3:6 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ).
Hiph. Pf. וְהֶאֱבִיד Nu 24:19; הֶאֱבַ֑דְתָּ Jb 14:19 etc.; Impf. אֹבִידָה Je 46:8 (Ges^{§ 68, 2 R. 1}). Inf. cstr. הַאֲבִיד 2 K 10:19 + etc.; Pt. מַאֲבִיד Dt 8:20. 1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subj. י׳) obj. pers. Lv 23:30 (sq. מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; ‖ כָּרַת v 29); Je 49:38 (sq. מִשָּׁם); Ob 8 (sq. מֵאֱדוֹם); obj. nation, Ammon Ez 25:7 (sq. מן־הארצות; ‖ כָּרַת), cf. v 16; Canaanites Dt 8:20 (sq. מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zp 2:5 (‖ כָּרַת); especially Isr. Dt 28:51, 63 (‖ הִשְׁמִיד), cf. Js 7:7; also abs. Je 18:7 (‖ לִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנְתוֹץ); = 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֹס) = 31:28 (+ וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ez 32:13 (sq. מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); cf. Dt 7:10; ψ 143:12 (‖ הִצְמִית); (human subj.), obj. servants of Baal 2 K 10:19, obj. nation Dt 9:3, cf. Nu 24:19 (E; sq. מֵעִיר); 2 K 24:2; cf. Je 46:8; obj. inanimate, chariots Mi 5:9; idols Ez 30:13 (del. BCo). 2. fig., obj. name of kings Dt 7:24 (sq. מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Jb 14:19; voice of mirth etc. Je 25:10 (cf. 51:55 Pi. supr.)

אֹבֵד

† אֹבֵד n.[m.] destruction, עֲדֵי א׳ Nu 24:20, 24 (JE; on form with abstract sense v. Ba^{NB 149}).

אֲבֵדָה

† אֲבֵדָה n.f. a lost thing—abs. except Dt 22:3 cstr. אֲבֵדַת—Ex 22:8; with מָצָא Lv 5:22, 23; with אָבַד + מָצָא Dt 22:3;—(אבדה Pr 27:20 Kt cf. אֲבַדּוֹ infr.)

אֲבַדֹּה

אֲבַדֹּה, אֲבַדּוֹ cf. אבדון infr.

אֲבַדּוֹן

† אֲבַדּוֹן n.f.^? Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = n.pr. (place of) Destruction, Ruin, ʾAbaddôn (cf. ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ 𝔊 Jb 28:22 etc.)—אֲבַדּוֹן Jb 26:6 (+ 4 times); abbrev. אבדה Kt אֲבַדּוֹ(ן) Qr †Pr 27:20.—Place of ruin in Sh^eʾôl for lost or ruined dead, as development of earlier distinction of condition in Sh^eʾôl (v. שְׁאוֹל). Only in WisdLt; Jb 31:12; ‖ שׁאול Jb 26:6 Pr 15:11; 27:20; ‖ מות Jb 28:22; ‖ קבר ψ 88:12.

אַבְדָ֑ן

† אַבְדָ֑ן & אָבְדַן (cstr.) n.[m.] destruction (Syriac ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ ) Est 9:5 (מַכַּת־חֶרֶב וְהֶרֶג וְא׳), 8:6; (on form v. BeRy; Ol^{§ 215 b.1} Ba^{NB 49, 487}).

אבה

II. אבה (perhaps at least formally justified as stem of אָב (cstr. אֲבִי), so Thes (cf. infr.), but existence & meaning wholly dub.; as real √ Ba^{ZMG 1887, 609 ff.} Ol^{§ 123 c}; according to DlW ^{p. 22} אבה Assyrian abû = decide, אָב = he who decides; Thes (so RobGes Nö^{ZMG xl, 737} & cf. Sta^{§ 186} al.) makes אָב nom. prim. bilit., imitating infant’s speech cf. πάππας, pappa, papa (cf. Ew§ ^{106 a}); also Assyrian bab Jen^{ZA 1886, 404}).

אֵבֶ֫ה

† אֵבֶ֫ה n.[m.] reed, papyrus (etymology uncertain; = Arabic أَبَاءٌ, Assyrian abu Dl^W, AGl) אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶ֑ה Jb 9:26 (craft made of reeds, light & swift, Heliod.^{Aethiop. X, 460}) = כְּלֵי־גֹמֶא Is 18:2.

אָבָה

† I. אָבָה vb. be willing, consent (cf. Assyrian abîtu, desire, Dl^W, Ethiopic አበየ: refuse, Arabic أَبَى, id., Nejd be willing So^{De Jes 3, p. 26; LCB 1880, 817})—
Qal (c. לֹא, אַל except Is 1:19 Jb 39:9; in Hex. rare & only JED, incl. Lv 26:21); Pf. אָבָה Ex 10:27 + אָבוּ Ju 19:25 + 7 times; אָבוּא Is 28:12 (Sta^{§ 31 R. 2}; Kö^{I, 414}); Impf. יֹאבֶה Dt 29:19 + 2 times; 2 ms. juss. תֹּבֵא Pr 1:10 (Sta^{§ 143 e 1 fin}; Kö^{I, 576 f}) etc.; Pt. אֹבִים Ez 3:7;—be willing, sq. Inf. with ל Ex 10:27 + 29 times; without ל Dt 2:30 + 8 times; subj. י׳ Dt 10:10; 23:6; 29:19 Jos 24:10 2 K 8:19; 13:23; 24:4 2 Ch 21:7; human subj. Gn 24:5, 8 Ju 19:10 2 S 2:21; 13:25; 14:29^(×2); 23:16, 17 = 1 Ch 11:18, 19 1 Ch 19:19; in bad sense Ex 10:27 Dt 2:30; 25:7 Ju. 19:25; 20:13 2 S 13:14, 16; especially of perverse Isr. Lv 26:21 Dt 1:26 1 S 15:9 Is 28:12; 30:9; 42:24 Ez 3:7^(×2); 20:8; subj. animal, רֵים Jb 39:9; abs. (no Inf.) 2 S 12:17 1 K 20:8; 22:50; cf. Pr 6:35, of jealous man; bad sense Ju 11:17 Is 30:15; good sense 1 S 22:17; 26:23; 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4 2 S 6:10 Pr 1:10; + vb. fin. Is 1:19 (אִם תֹּאבוּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּם) consent, yield to, sq. לוֹ Dt 13:9 (good sense); sq. לִי ψ 81:12; sq. לַעֲצָתִי Pr 1:30; sq. acc. תּוֹכַחְתִּי v 25 (all in bad sense).

אבוגיל

אבוגיל Kt 1 S 25:18 v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה.

אֲבוֹי

† אֲבוֹי interj. exclam. of pain, Oh! Pr 23:29 (‖ אוֹי woe!). Prob. akin to Syriac ܐܘܽܒܺܝܰܐ alas …! PS ⁵³ (AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from אָבָה, cf. אֶבְיוֹן).

אֵבוּס

† אֵבוּס n.m. ^{Pr 14:4} crib (= feeding-trough, on form v. Ges^{§ 84 a 12. R.}) of ass Is 1:3 (cstr.); oxen Pr 14:4 (abs.); אִם־יָלִין עַל־אֲבוֶּס֑ךָ Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox).

אבח

אבח (Dl^BD Ez. x, Pr 75 comp. Assyrian [abâḫu], torment, but dub.)

אִבְחָה

[אִבְחָה] n.f. cstr. אִבְחַת חֶרֶב Ez 21:20; Dl, as above, slaughter; but prob. error for טבחת (v. טבח) Ges Co; 𝔊 σφάγια ῥομφαίας, cf. 𝔗.

אֲבַטִּחִים

† אֲבַטִּחִים n.[m.]pl. water-melons (Mish. אבטיח, Sam. ࠁࠈࠉࠇ; cf. Löw^{No. 297}; Arabic بِطِّيخٌ etc.; perhaps loan-word in Heb. cf. Sta^{§ 258}; mod. Egyptian baṭṭich, biṭṭich cf. reff. in Di Nu 11:5; on formation cf. Lag^{BN 10}, who comp. Ethiopic aqṭala)—Egyptian fruit, הָא׳ Nu 11:5 (‖ הִקִּשֻּׁאִים, הֶֽחָצִיר, הַבְּצָלִים, הַשּׁוּמִים); 𝔊 τοὺς πέπονας.

אֲבַטִּיחִים

אֲבַטִּיחִים v. II. בטח.

אֲבִי

אֲבִי v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה.

אָבִי

אָבִי v. ביי, בי. אָבִי (1 K 21:29) v. בּוֹא.

אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי

† אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי adj.gent. Abiezrite Ju 6:11, 24; 8:32 = אִיעֶזְרִי Nu 26:30.

אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי²

אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי v. אֲבִיעֶזֶר sub II. אבה.

אֲבִי־עַלְבוֹן

† אֲבִי־עַלְבוֹן n.pr.m. a hero of David 2 S 23:31 read אֲבִיאֵל so 𝔊 1 Ch 11:32, cf. Dr^S (We^S אבי־בעל (v. sub אביאל); otherwise Klo^S.

אֲבִיאֵל

† אֲבִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl is (my) father, cf. אביהו & Ph. אבבעל (fem.), also אביבעל; & אבנבעל our father etc.; Abi-ba’al KAT^{2 355}; v. RS^{Sem 45}. Nö^{ZMG 1888, 480} makes אבי here, & in אביהו etc., cstr. but this seems unlikely; cf. also אליאב etc.; views differ much as to these n.pr. and uniform interpr. is impossible. Cf. in gen. Ol^{§ 277 f}).
1. Saul’s grandfather 1 S 9:1; 14:51.
2. = foregoing, 1 Ch 11:32.

אֲבִיאָסָף

† אֲבִיאָסָף n.pr.m. (my father has gathered) son (descendant) of Korah Ex 6:24, Sam. אביסף, so אֶבְיָסָף 1 Ch 6:8, 22; 9:19 (cf. Nes^{Eg 185}).

אָבִיב

† אָבִיב n.m. ^{Lv 2:14} coll. (Lag^{BN 207} Inf.)
1. fresh, young ears of barley Ex 9:31; indef. Lv 2:14 מִנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים ליהוה א׳ קָלוּי בָּאֵשׁ.
2. חֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב month of ear-forming, or of growing green, Abib, month of Exodus & passover, Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18, 18 (JE), Dt 16:1, 1 (1st month = c. April = הָרִאשֹׁן, הַחֹדֶשׁ הָר׳ (q.v.) in P; v. Di Ex 12:2; = postexilic נִיסָן q.v.)

אֲבִיגַ֫יִל

† אֲבִיגַ֫יִל n.pr.f. (my father is joy (?) orig. אבגל? (אֲבִגֵל?) cf. MT infr. & Nö^{ZMG 1883, 537 Anm2}).
1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1 S 25:14, 23, 39, 40, 42; 27:3; 30:5 2 S 2:2 1 Ch 3:1; = אֲבִגַיִל 1 S 25:3, 36 אֲבִו֯גַיִל v 18, אֲבִיגָ֑ל v 32, אֲבִיגַ֯לִ 2 S 3:3.
2. sister of David 1 Ch 2:16, 17 = אֲבִיגַל 17:25.

אֲבִידָן

† אֲבִידָן n.pr.m. (my father is judge) a prince of Benj. Nu 1:11; 2:22; 7:60, 65; 10:24.

אֲבִידָע

† אֲבִידָע n.pr.m. (my father took knowledge) a son of Midian Gn 25:4 1 Ch 1:33. Cf. Sab. אבידע, Hal^{MA 192, 202}, also ידעאב, DHM^{ZMG ’83, 399}.

אֲבִיָּה

אֲבִיָּה v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה.

אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ

† אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ n.pr.m. & f. (Yah(u) is (my) father)—so †2 Ch 13:20, 21 = אֲבִיָּם †1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7^(×2), 8 (𝔊 Ἀβιου, Ἀβια); = אֲבִי †2 K 18:2 (𝔊 Ἀβου, Ἀβουθ); = אֲבִיָּה 1 S 8:2 + 22 times—
1. king of Judah, son & successor of Rehoboam 1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7^(×2), 8 1 Ch 3:10 2 Ch 11:20, 22; 12:16; 13:1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.
2. 2nd son of Samuel 1 S 8:2 1 Ch 6:13.
3. son of Jerob. I 1 K 14:1.
4. son of Becher, a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8.
5. head of a priestly house 1 Ch 24:10.
6. id. Ne 10:8; 12:4, 17.
7. wife of Hezron 1 Ch 2:24.
8. mother of Hezekiah 2 K 18:2 2 Ch 29:1.

אֲבִיהוּא

אֲבִיהוּא n.pr.m. (he is father) a son of Aaron Ex 6:23; 24:1, 9; 28:1 Lv 10:1 + 7 times.

אֲבִיהוּד

† אֲבִיהוּד n.pr.m. (my father is majesty, cf. הוֹד, עַמִּיהוּד) son of Bela, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:3.

אֲבִיהַיִל

אֲבִיהַיִל v. אֲבִיחַיִל sub II. אבה.

אֶבְיוֹן

† אֶבְיוֹן adj. in want, needy, poor,—so, always abs., Dt 15:4 + 40 times; אֶבְיֹנְךָ Ex 23:6 Dt 15:11; אֶבְיוֹנִים Am 4:1 + 14 times; אֶבְיוֹנֵי (אֶבְיֹנֵי) Ex 23:11 Is 29:19; אֶבְיוֹנֶיהָ ψ 132:15—(Hex. only JED; mostly poet., 23 times ψ) needy, chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7^(×2), 9; 24:14 ψ 109:16 (both ‖ עָנִי); elsewhere subst.; ψ 49:3 (‖ עָשׁיר); Dt 15:4, 11; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6; 5:12 (both ‖ צַדִּיק) 4:1; 8:6 (all ‖ דַּל) Is 32:7; Am 8:4 Ez 16:49; 18:12; 22:29 ψ 37:14 Jb 24:4, 14 Pr 30:14—cf. ψ 109:16 supr.—(all ‖ עָנִי) Je 5:28 (‖ יָתוֹם) 2:34; cared for by good Jb 29:16; 30:25 (‖ קְשֵׁה־יוֹם) 31:19 ψ 112:9 Est 9:22; Pr 14:31 (‖ דַּל) 31:20 Je 22:16 (‖ עָנִי); care of them enjoined, negatively Ex 23:6; = cf. Dt 24:14 supr.—positively Ex 23:11 Dt 15:11 Pr 31:9 (both ‖ עָנִי)—cf. Dt 15:7^(×2), 9 supr.—ψ 82:4 (‖ דַּל); cared for by God Je 20:13 ψ 107:41; 132:15 Jb 5:15; 1 S 2:8 = ψ 113:7 Is 14:30 (all ‖ דַּל) ψ 35:10; 140:13 (both ‖ עָנִי), cf. Davidic king ψ 72:12 (‖ עָנִי) = v 4 בְּנֵי אֶבְ׳ (‖ id.), v 13^(×2) (‖ דַּל); needing help, deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God ψ 9:19; 12:6; 40:18 = 70:6; 74:21; 86:1; 109:22 Is 29:19; 41:17 (all ‖ עָנִי) Is 25:4 (‖ דַּל) ψ 69:34; 109:31.

אֶבְיוֹן²

אֶבְיוֹן, אֲבִיּוֹנָה v. I. אָבָה.

אֲבִיּוֹנָה

† אֲבִיּוֹנָה n.f. caper-berry (as stimulating desire) Ec 12:5 (v. GFM^{JBL 1891, 55 ff.}; so 𝔊 𝔙, Mish. אביונות, cf. NHWB; v. also 𝔖 i.e. capparis spinosa, cf. Ri^HWB; so Thes, Ew De, etc.; but Wetzst in De (Germ. ed. 1875) proposes אֶבְיוֹנָה (as fem. of אביון) the poor soul in sense = נִשְׁמָתוֹ הָאֶבְיוֹנָה cf. Symm 𝔖, where double translation).

אֲבִיחַ֫יִל

† אֲבִיחַ֫יִל n.pr.m. & f. (my father is might, Sab. אבחיל Hal^{MA 234})—prob. = אֲבִיהַיִל 2 Ch 11:18, אֲבִיהָ֑יִל 1 Ch 2:29—
1. a Levite Nu 3:35.
2. a Gadite 1 Ch 5:14.
3. father of Esther Est 2:15; 9:29.
4. wife of Abishur 1 Ch 2:29.
5. wife of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:18.

אֲבִיטוּב

† אֲבִיטוּב n.pr.m. (my father is goodness) son of Shaharaim, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11.

אֲבִיטָ֑ל

† אֲבִיטָ֑ל n.pr.f. (my father is (the) dew) a wife of David 2 S 3:4 1 Ch 3:3—אֲבִיָּם v. אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ.

אֲבִיָּם

אֲבִיָּם v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה.

אֲבִימָאֵל

† אֲבִימָאֵל n.pr.m. (a father is Ēl; South-Arabic name) son of Joktan Gn 10:28 1 Ch 1:22. Cf. Sab. אבמעתֿתר, Abmi ʿAṯtar a father is ʿAṯtar ([עשׁתר] v. עַשְׁתֹּרֶת) Hal^{M 86}, DHM^{ZMG 1883, 18}.

אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ

אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (Melek (= Malik, Molech) is father)—אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ Gn 20:18 +—
1. king of Gerar Gn 20:2, 3, 4 +, 21:22, 25^(×2) +, 26:1, 8 (24 times Gn).
†2. king of Gath ψ 34:1 error for אָכִישׁ, cf. 1 S 21:11f;—a better known Philist. name substituted for a less known (Hup³). > Others (Thes Ol De MV) think a title of Philist. kings, cf. Pharaoh.
3. son of Gideon Ju 8:31; 9:1, 3, 4 +, 10:1 (40 times Ju), 2 S 11:21.
†4. priest, son of Abiathar 1 Ch 18:16 error for אֲחִימֶלֶךְ q.v. (Sab. also n.pr.f. Osiander^{ZMG 1865, 209}).

אֲבִינָדָב

† אֲבִינָדָב n.pr.m. (my father is noble)
1. a man of Gibeah in whose house the ark tarried 1 S 7:1 2 S 6:3^(×2), 4 1 Ch 13:7.
2. a son of Jesse 1 S 16:8; 17:13; 1 K 4:11 (? perhaps otherwise unknown; Klo proposes אֲבִינֵר בְּ).
3. a son of Saul 1 S 31:2 1 Ch 8:33; 9:39; 10:2.

אֲבִינֹ֫עַם

† אֲבִינֹ֫עַם n.pr.m. (my father is delight) father of Barak Ju 4:6, 12; 5:1, 12.

אֲבִינֵר

אֲבִינֵר n.pr.m. (my father is Nêr, or is a lamp cf. 2 S 21:17; according to Lag^{BN 75} = אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + נֵר = son of Ner; cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεννηρ)—so only 1 S 14:50, elsewhere אַבְנֵר—cousin of Saul, and captain of his host 1 S 14:50, 51; 17:55^(×3) + 52 times 1 & 2 S + 1 K 2:5, 32 1 Ch 26:28; 27:21.

אֶבְיָסָף

אֶבְיָסָף v. אֲבִיאָסָף sub II. אבה.

אֲבִיעֶ֫זֶר

† אֲבִיעֶ֫זֶר n.pr.m. (my father is help)—= אִיעֶזֶר Nu 26:30—
1. a Manassite, called ‘son’ of Gilead Nu 26:30 (cf. Di) Jos 17:2 Ju 6:34; 8:2; and son of Gil.’s sister 1 Ch 7:18.
2. a Benjamite, a warrior of David 2 S 23:27 1 Ch 11:28; 27:12.

אַבִּיר

† אַבִּיר adj. mighty, valiant—א׳ Jb 34:20 + Is 10:13 Kt (Qr כַּבִּיר; cstr. id. 1 S 21:8; pl. אַבִּירִים Jb 24:22 +;—mighty (alw. = subst. & poet. exc.1 S 21:8).
1. men Jb 24:22(= violent) 34:20 Je 46:15 1 S 21:8 (read א׳ הָרָצִים Gr Dr, cf. 22:17; but Lag^Probebibel אֹבִיל הָעֲיָרִים v. Id. ^{BN 45}; Klo גִּבּוֹר), La 1:15; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout of heart Is 46:12 (= obstinate) ψ 76:6.
2. angels ψ 78:25 (cf. 103:20).
3. animals; bull, sim. of king of Assyr. Is 10:13 (rd.כְּאַבִּיר & v. Di); elsewh. pl.; metaph. for enemies אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן ψ 22:13 (‖ פּרים); for princes ψ 68:31; for Edomites Is 34:7; hence even as sacrif. ψ 50:13 (‖ עַתּוּדִים); of horses Ju 5:22 Je 8:16; 47:3; 50:11 but Je 46:15 many MSS. 𝔊 Aq Symm Theod 𝔙 many moderns read אַבִּירֶ֑ךָ thy bull, i.e. Apis

אָבִיר

† [אָבִיר] adj. strong; alw.= subst. the Strong, old name for God (poet.); only cstr. in אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב Gn 49:24 & thence ψ 132:2, 5 Is 49:26; 60:16; א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 1:24 (cf. Che crit. n.)—Ba^{NB 51} assigns this cstr. to אַבִּיר.

אֲבִירָם

† אֲבִירָם n.pr.m. ((the) Exalted One is (my) father (v. Bae^{Rel 156}) cf. Assyrian Aburamu (?) KAT^{2 479} cf. Dl^{L2, p. 91, 1. 225}).
1. a Reubenite, son of Eliab Nu 16:1, 12, 24, 25, 27⁽×2⁾; 26:9 Dt 11:6 ψ 106:17.
2. son of Hiel the Bethelite 1 K 16:34. Cf. also following.

אֲבִישַׁג

† אֲבִישַׁג n.pr.f. (my father is a wanderer (שׁגג)?) a handmaid of David 1 K 1:3, 15; 2:17, 21, 22.

אֲבִישׁוּעַ

† אֲבִישׁוּעַ n.pr.m. (my father is rescue, or is opulence (cf. שׁוֹעַ rich Jb 34:19; also שׁוּעַ Jb 36:19? but v. שׁוע); Lag^{BN 75} thinks from אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + שׁוע cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεσσουε 1 Ch 8:4)
1. a son of Phinehas 1 Ch 5:30, 31; 6:35 Ezr 7:5.
2. a Benjamite, son of Bela 1 Ch 8:4.

אֲבִישׁוּר

† אֲבִישׁוּר n.pr.m. (my father is a wall, Sab. אבשור Hal^{MA 148}, cf. Assyrian Abudûru Dl^{Pr 202}) son of Shammai 1 Ch 2:28, 29.

אֲבִישַׁי

אֲבִישַׁי n.pr.m. (my father is Jesse; Lag^{BN 75} thinks from אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + ישׁי cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεσσα[ι] 1 S 26:6)—א׳ 1 S 26:6^(×2) + 17 times 1 & 2 S = אַבְשַׁי 2 S 10:10 + 5 times 1 Ch.—grandson of Jesse; son of Zeruiah & brother of Joab 1 S 26:6^(×2), 7, 8, 9 2 S 2:18, 24 + 20:6 (where read יואב 𝔖 Th We Dr) + 12 times 2 S + 20:7 (where insert אבישׁי 𝔊 We Dr) + 5 times 1 Ch.

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם n.pr.m. (my father is peace; according to Lag^{BN 75} = (בֶּן)אֲבֶן + שָׁלֹם, cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεσσαλωμ)—א׳ †1 K 15:2, 10 = אַבְשָׁלוֹם 2 S 3:3 +, 2 Ch 11:20, 21, אַבְשָׁלֹם 2 S 13:4 +—
1. Rehob.’s father-in-law †1 K 15:2, 10 2 Ch 11:20, 21.
2. 3rd son of Dvd 2 S 3:3; 13:1 + 90 times 2 S (insert 2 S 13:27 𝔊 Th We cf. Dr; del. v 38 Dr cf. We), + †1 K 1:6; 2:7, 2 1 Ch 3:2 ψ 3:1.

אֶבְיָתָר

אֶבְיָתָר n.pr.m. (the Great One is father (?) so Bä^{Rel. 156}, cf. Sab. ותר) a priest, son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:20, 21, 22; 23:6, 9; 30:7^(×2) 2 S 8:17 (read אב׳ בן־אחמלך so 𝔖 We Dr) + 22 times 2 S 1 K 1 Ch.

אָבַךְ

† [אָבַךְ] vb. turn (?) (cf. Assyrian abâku Dl^W = הָפַךְ; Thes MV al. compare בוך)
Hithp. וַיִּתְאַבְּכוּ Is 9:17, roll, roll up, as volume of smoke (of Isr. under fig. of thickets of forest) v. De & cf. הִתִהַפֵּךְ Ju 7:3.

אבל

II. אבל (perhaps أَبَلَ grow green, cf. ܝܺܒܶܠ grass; Lag^{BN 45} proposes أَبَلَ withstand, hence אָבֵל as withstanding scorching sun (protected by trees, springs, hence also (Lag) إِبِلٌ camel). conject. very dub.; connex. (Lag) of أَبَلَ withstand, with أُبُلٌ herbage, forage (sometimes dry) improb., and of latter with إِبِلٌ herd of camels obscure; √ meaning grow green unattested; Syriac ܝܺܒܶܠ, ܝܰܒܠܴܐ, ܝܰܒܠܴܐ, Talm יַבְלָא, Pun. ιεβαλ, ‘grass,’ appar. = a specific kind of fodder, ἄγρωστις, v. Löw^{Nö 141} (GFM, privately).)

אֲבָל

† אֲבָל adv.
1. in older Heb. with an asseverative force, verily, of a truth Gn 42:21 2 S 14:5 1 K 1:43 2 K 4:14, with a slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P).
2. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 21 Ezr 10:13 2 Ch 1:4; 19:3; 33:17 (cf. Arabic بَلْ of a truth, sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 94, 110, 129, 149, 165, 261; 3:143; 4:52 etc.)

אֵ֫בֶל

† אֵ֫בֶל n.m. ^{Gn 50:11} mourning—abs. Gn 50:10 + 17 times; cstr. 27:41 + 3 times; אֶבְלֵךְ Is 60:20; אֶבְלָם Je 31:13—for dead, cstr. Gn 27:41 Dt 34:8 (‖ בּכי) so א׳ יָחִיד sim. for grievous mourning Am 8:10, id. metaph. Je 6:26 (‖ מִסְפַּד תַּמְרוּרִים); Gn 50:11^(×2) Je 16:7 cf. 2 S 19:3 עשה א׳ Ez 24:17 (v. Co) sq. לְ Gn 50:10 (v. also ii. אָבֵל ad fin.); for calamity, Est 4:3; 9:22 (‖ יָגוֹן; contr. יוֹם טוֹב) Jb 30:31 (‖ קול בכים) Is 60:20; 61:3 (where appar. = mourning garb, sq. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה, v. also Bi Che on text; ‖ רוּחַ כֵּהָה; contr. שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֹן); Je 31:13 (‖ שׂשׂון), La 5:15 (‖ מָחוֹל), Am 5:16 (‖ מִסְפֵּד); cf. א׳ כִּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Mi 1:8; = time, period of mourning 2 S 11:27; בֵּית א׳ Ec 7:2 (‖ בּ׳ מִשְׁתֶּה, v 4 (‖ בּ׳ שִׂמְחָה); בִּגְדֵי א׳ garments of mourning 2 S 14:2.

אָבֵל

† I. אָבֵל adj. mourning—א׳ Gn 37:35 Est 6:12; cstr. אֲבֶל־ ψ 35:14; אֲבֵלִים Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 (cp. 50:11), calamity Est 6:12; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as subst. mourner; sg. ψ 35:14 (cstr.) for dead (‖ קדר; pl. Jb 29:25 abs.; for calamity Is 57:18; 61:2, 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di).

אָבַל

† I. אָבַל₃₉ vb. mourn (Assyrian [abâlu] v. Dl^W)—
Qal Pf. אָבַל Is 24:7 + 2 times etc. Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאֱבַל Ho 4:3 + 3 times—mourn, lament (poet. & higher style); abs., human subj. Jo 1:9 Am 8:8; 9:5 Is 19:8 (‖ אנה) cf. Jb 14:22 (subj. נַפְשׁוֹ); sq. על Ho 10:5; more often fig., inanim. subj., gates Is 3:26; land 24:4; 33:9 Ho 4:3 Jo 1:10 Je 4:28 (sq. על) 12:4; 23:10 cf. 12:11 (sq. על), יְהוּדָה 14:2; pastures Am 1:2.
Hithp. —Pf. הִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 15:35; Impf. יִתְאַבָּ֑ל Ez 7:12, 27; וַיִּתְאַבֵּל Gn 37:34 + 3 times etc.; Imv. fs. הִתְאַבְּלִי 2 S 14:2; Pt. מִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 16:1 + 2 times etc.;—mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, sq. על Gn 37:34 2 S 13:37; 14:2; 19:2 (‖ בכה) 2 Ch 35:24, cf. also Is 66:10 (over Jerusalem); abs. 1 Ch 7:22; cf. 2 S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress); over unworthy Saul sq. אֶל 1 S 15:35; 16:1; over sin sq. על Ezr 10:6 cf. (abs.) Ne 8:9; judgment of י׳ Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39 Ez 7:27 (del. B Co); sq. כִּי 1 S 6:19; calamity Ne 1:4 Ez 7:12 cf. Dn 10:2.
Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱבַלְתִּי Ez 31:15; Impf. וַיַּאֲבֶל־ La 2:8;—cause to mourn; Ez 31:15 abs. MT, but A B Co obj. תהום sq. על, caused the deep to mourn over; La 2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both these fig.; cf. Qal).

אֻבָל

אֻבָל, אוּבַל v. יבל.

אֵבֶל מִצְרַיִם

אֵבֶל מִצְרַיִם v. אָבֵל מ׳ sub II. אבל.

אבל²

III. אבל (cf. Arabic أَبِلٌ able to manage camels, from إِبِلٌ, coll., Sab. אבל camel DHM^{ZMG 1883, 329}).

אָבֵל²

† II. אָבֵל n.f.
1. meadow (?) 1 S 6:18 MT but read אֶבֶן cf. v 14, 15 𝔊 𝔖 We Dr.
2. n.pr.loc. city in N. Isr. 2 S 20:18, near Beth Maacah v 14 = אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה v 15 (so also v 14 Ew Th We Klo Dr), 1 K 15:20 2 K 15:29; = א׳ מַיִם 2 Ch 16:4 (= Abil el Ḳamḥ. wheat-meadow NW. of Dan & S. of Mutulleh Rob^{BR III, 372}).
3. אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים n.pr.loc. (= acacia-meadow) in lowlands of Moab Nu 33:49; = שִׁטִּים Nu 25:1 Mi 6:5 (= Tel Kefrein (?) Tristr & Merrill^{PESoc. 4th Statement, 89}).
4. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים n.pr.loc. (= vineyard-meadow) in Ammon Ju 11:33 (v. Euseb. Ἀβελαμπελων).
5. אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה n.pr.loc. (= dance-meadow) Ju 7:22 1 K 4:12; Elisha’s birthplace 19:16 (v. Euseb. Ἀβελμαελαι).
6. אָבֵל מִצְרַיִם n.pr.loc. (= meadow of Egypt, i.e. fertile as Egypt?) E. of Jordan Gn 50:11 (where interpr. as if אֵבֶל מ׳, so 𝔊 𝔙; v. Di).

אֶ֫בֶן

אֶ֫בֶן₂₇₄ n.f. Gn 29:2 (m. ^{1 S 17:40}?) stone (Assyrian abnu, = the sharp, projecting? v. Dl^{W, Pr 107}; Ph. אבן; Aramaic. אֶבֶן, ܐܰܒܢܳܐ; Ethiopic እብን Sab. אבנ[ם] DHM^{ZMG 1883, 341}) = א׳ abs. Gn 28:22 +; אָ֑בֶן 11:3 +; cstr. 49:24 +; sf. אַבְנוֹ 2 K 3:25; אֲבָנִים Gn 31:46 +, etc.;—a stone (large or small).
1. in natural state, used as pillow Gn 28:11, 18 (E); seat Ex 17:12 (E); cover of well Gn 29:3^(×2), 8, 10 (J) causing one to stumble Is 8:14; marring good ground 2 K 3:19, 25; hand-missile Ex 21:18 (JE) Nu 35:17, 23 (P) 2 S 16:6, 13, especially in judicial stoning, with vb. רָגַם Lv 20:2, 27; 24:23 Nu 14:10; 15:35, 36 Jos 7:25a (all P), so also Dt 21:21 2 Ch 24:21 Ez 16:40; 23:47; cf. 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; with vb. סָקַל Dt 13:11; 17:5; 22:21, 24 1 K 21:13; also Jos 7:25b (JE or D); sling-stones Ju 20:16 1 S 17:40, 49^(×2), 50 2 Ch 26:14; hurled by engines 2 Ch 26:15; set up for inscribing law Dt 27:2, 4, 8 Jos 8:32 (all D); as memorial Jos 4:3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 21 (JED) 1 S 7:12; as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 28:18; 35:14 (anointed with oil), 28:22 (= בֵּיתאֵל) cf. יִשְׂרָאֵל (רֹעֶה)א׳ Gn 49:24 (v. Di); as witness 31:45 cf. Jos 24:26, 27 (all JE); pl. gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Jos 7:26 (v. Di) 8:29 cf. 10:18, 27 (JE) 2 S 18:17; גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Gn 31:46^(×2) (JE); built into altar Ex 20:25 Dt 27:5, 6 (JED) Jos 8:31 1 K 18:31, 32, 38; cf. 2 K 23:15 𝔊 Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) א׳ מַשְׂכִּית Lv 26:1 (H); א׳ גדולה where ark rested 1 S 6:14, 15 also v 18 (MT אבל q.v.); (v. for other noteworthy stones 9. infr.)
2. stone, as material, of tablets Ex 24:12; 31:18; 34:1 (pl.) v 4^(×2) (JE) Dt 4:13; 5:19; 9:9, 10, 11; 10:1, 3; of vessels, hence prob. Ex 7:19 (P; א׳ = vessels of stone ‖ עצים) v. Di; idols (‖ עץ) Dt 4:28; 28:36, 64; 29:16 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; also Je 3:9 Ez 20:32; pavement 2 K 16:17; edifice 1 K 6:7 cf. Gn 11:3; also 2 S 5:11 2 K 12:13 1 Ch 22:15; often pl. of (worked) stones Lv 14:40, 42^(×2), 43, 45 (P; in wall of house) 2 K 22:6 +, cf. of city-wall Ne 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 K 15:22 Ne 3:34; tomb Is 14:19; אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 K 5:31; 7:9, 10, 11 (v. also sub 3); אַבְנֵי־שַׁיִשׁ = marble (v. 𝔊) 1 Ch 29:2; אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 K 5:31 1 Ch 22:2 Ez 40:42 (for altar-tables),—cf. גָּזִית; א׳ מַחְצֵב 2 K 12:13; 22:6 2 Ch 34:11; foundation-stone, corner-stone Is 28:16 Je 51:26 Jb 38:6 ψ 118:22; cap-stone, completing the building, הָא׳ הָרִאשֹׁנָה Zc 4:7 (but v. רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה ψ 118:22 as above), Zc 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, prob. refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God’s watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, v. Guthe^{ZPV 1890, 129}; stone-cutters חָרָשֵׁי א׳ 2 S 5:11 1 Ch 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָא׳ 2 K 12:13 cf. 1 Ch 22:2.
3. precious stone, gen. with modifying word א׳ יְקָרָה coll. 2 S 12:30 1 K 10:2 + often (v. 2); א׳ הַשֹׁהַם Gn 2:12 (J) cf. Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (P) 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ מִלֻּאִים Ex 25:7; 35:9, 27 cf. 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ סַפִּיר Ez 1:26; 10:1; אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Is 54:12; א׳ חֵפֶץ ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ חֵן Pr 17:8; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ez 28:14, 16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išâti (?) v. Dl^{Pa 118} & ^{W 40}; but Sm al. thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifier Ex 25:7; 35:9; חָרַשׁ א׳ engraver in stone Ex 28:11 cf. 31:5; 35:33 (P).
†4. stones containing metal, = ore, Dt 8:9 (v. Di) Jb 28:2 cf. v. 3.
†5. a weight, as orig. stone (v. Pr 27:3 cf. Eng. weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי־כִיס Pr 16:11 (cf. Assyrian Dl^{W 38}); א׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 S 14:26 (i.e. according to royal standard; cf. COT Gn 23:16); א׳ וָא׳ Dt 25:13 Pr 20:10, 23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mi 6:11; just weights אַבְנֵי־צֶדֶק Lv 19:36; א׳ שְׁלֵמָה Pr 11:1; hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zc 5:8.
†6. plummet Is 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, cf. on sense 2 K 21:13 Am 7:7, 8); also made of metal הא׳ הַבְּדִּיל Zc 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).
†7. objectslike stones; partic. hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Jos 10:11 cf. Is 30:30; א׳ אֶלְגָּבִישׁ Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; but also גְּדֹלוֹת אֲבָנִים Jos 10:11 (E) (cf. Assyrian Dl^{W 38}); lime-stones אַבְנֵי־גִד Is 27:9.
8. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water Ex 15:5 = Ne 9:11; motionlessness Ex 15:16; strength Jb 6:12; firmness 41:16; solidity (of ice) 38:30; in prose, of commonness 1 K 10:27 2 Ch 1:15; also metaph. of one in fear 1 S 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, cf. Ex 15:16 supr.); לֵב הָא׳ = perverse, hard heart Ez 11:19; 36:26; אַבְנֵי־נֵזֶר Zc 9:16 (of ransomed Isr.)—א׳ personif. Hb 2:11 cf. v 19; cf. Ez 13:11 (v. 7 supr.)
†9. In topogr. terms (nearly = n.pr.); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Jos 15:6; 18:17; א׳ הָעֶזֶר 1 S 5:1 cf. 7:12, also 4:1 (We Dr); הָא׳ הָאָ֑זֶל 1 S 20:19, read הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאז v. 𝔊 here & v 41 (We Dr Klo); א׳ הַזֹּחֶלֶת 1 K 1:9 (where We^{Skizzen III,171} comp. Ar. Zuḥal = Saturn).

אֹבֶן

† [אֹבֶן] n.[m.] wheel, disc.—Du. הָאָבְנָ֑יִם—
1. potter’s wheel Je 18:3 (two discs revolving one above the other; name from likeness to mill-stones; v. AW¹⁸).
2. עַל־הָא׳ Ex 1:16 prob. = sella parturientis, = δίφροι λοχειαῖοι bearing-stool, midwife’s stool (fr. likeness to potter’s wheel; on custom of labor upon stool v. Ploss^{Das Weib, 2nd ed. ii, 35, 179 etc.} & Cesnola Coll. fr. Cyprus, Metrop. Mus., N. York, No. 614, terra cotta fig. fr. 4th or 5th cent. b.c.; Descriptive Atlas of Cesn. Coll. ^{I, pl. lxvi. No. 435}; cf. W. H. W[ard]^{PESoc. 2nd Statement 1873, p. 76}). Spiegelberg^{ZA xiv (1900), 269 ff.; Randglossen 19 ff.} expl. as the two stones [read אַבְנַיִם], i.e. bearing-stool of ‘stones’ = bricks, tiles.

אבנה

אבנה Kt 2 K 5:12 v. ii. אֲמָנָה.

אַבְנֵט

אַבְנֵט v. בנט.

אַבְנֵט²

† אַבְנֵט n.[m.] girdle—א׳ abs. Ex 28:4 +; אַבְנֵֽטְךָ֨ Is 22:21; cstr. Ex 39:29; אַבְנֵטִים Ex 28:40;—girdle, of high priest Ex 28:4, 39; 39:29 Lv 8:7; 16:4; of priests Ex 28:40; 29:9 Lv 8:13 (all P); of high official Is 22:21.—Josephus^{iii. 7. 2} ἀβανήθ; cf. further Lag^{Ges. Abh. 39}. described Jos^Ant. iii. 7, 2 as a sash wound round breast several times and falling to the feet; in 𝔗 𝔖 הֶמְיָן (Pers.) a money-bag wound round body Sta^{ThLZ, 1894, 236}.

אַבְנֵר

אַבְנֵר v. אֲבִינֵר sub II. אָבָה.

אָבַס

† [אָבַס] vb. feed, fatten (Mish. id.;? Ass. [abâsu] Dl^{W 46})
Qal Pt. pass. fattened, אָבוּס of ox Pr 15:17; אֲבוּסִים of fowl 1 K 5:3.

אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת

אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת v. בוע.

אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת²

† אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת n.f.pl. blisters, boils (𝔗 אֲבַעְבּוּעְיָן; cf. 𝔗 בֶּעְבַּע, NH בַּעְבּוּעַ בּוּעָה, Syriac ܒܰܥܒܘܽܥ̈ܝܴܬܳܐ ) Ex 9:9 שְׁחִין פֹּרֵחַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת, cf. v 10.

אבץ

אבץ (meaning unknown).

אֶ֫בֶץ

† [אֶ֫בֶץ] n.pr.loc. city in Issachar, אָ֑בֶץ Jos 19:20.

אִבְצָן

† אִבְצָן n.pr.m. judge of Isr. Ju 12:8, 10 (Lag^{GN 1891, 19} (אֲ)בֶן צָן, 𝔊 Ἀβεσσαν, 𝔖 ܐܰܒܝܨܳܢ ).

אבק

אבק (Ar. أَبَقَ run away (cf. Lag^{BN 51})).

אָבַק

† [אָבַק] vb.denom.
Niph. wrestle (= get dusty, cf. κόνις, κονίω, v. also Str^{Pirke Aboth, I, 4} מִתְאַבֵּק בַּעֲפַר רַגְלֵיהֶם = sit at their feet; others, e.g. Di, comp. חבק). וַיֵּאָבֵק עִם Gn 32:25; Inf. sf. בְּהֵאָֽבְקוֹ עִם v 26.

אָבָק

† אָבָק n.m. ^{Ez 26:10} dust—א׳ Dt 28:24 + 3 textual; cstr. אֲבַק Na 1:3; sf. אֲבָקָם Ez 26:10—dust (?fleeing, flying; syn. עָפָר = oft. dust lying on or composing ground) Ex 9:9 Ez 26:10 Dt 28:24 (‖ עָפָר) Is 5:24 (‖ מָק) 29:5 (‖ מֹץ); fig. of clouds under Yahweh’s feet Na 1:3.

אֲבָקָה

† [אֲבָקָה or אַבְקָה] n.f. prob. coll., cstr. אַבְקַת רוֹכֵל Ct 3:6 powders of merchant = scent-powders. (On formation cf. Lag^{BN 81}.)

אבר

אבר (cf. Assyrian abâru, be firm, strong Dl^W)

אֵ֫בֶר

† אֵ֫בֶר n.[m.] pinions (from strength, poet. & fig., pl. in sense) as of dove ψ 55:7; eagle Is 40:31; אֶרֶךְ הָא׳ of king, of Babyl. under fig. of eagle Ez 17:3 (‖ גְּדוֹל הַכְּנָפַיִם of broad, overshadowing wings).

אָבַר

† [אָבַר] vb.denom.
Hiph. fly (= move pinions); of hawk יַאֲבֶר־נֵץ Jb 39:26.

אֶבְרָה

† אֶבְרָה n.f. pinion (nom. unit., poet.) of ostrich Jb 39:13; אֶבְרָתוֹ of eagle, sim. for י׳ Dt 32:11; metaph. of י׳ ψ 91:4; אֶבְרוֹתֶיהָ of dove ψ 68:14; (all ‖ כּנף).

אַבְרָהָם

אַבְרָהָם v. אַבְרָם sub II. אבה.

אַבְרֵךְ

† אַבְרֵךְ proclaimed before Joseph Gn 41:43 (mng. dub.; many Egypt. deriv. proposed; e.g. a-bor-k, Copt. = prostrate thyself! Benfey^{Verh. d. äg. Spr. z. Sem. 302 f}; āprek, = head bowed! Chabas^{RA I}—but ā = ע, v. also Wiedemann^{Altäg. Wörter 1883, 8}; aprex-u, head of the wise, Harkavy^{Berl. äg. Zeftschr. 1869}; ȧb-rek, rejoice thou! Cook^{Speaker’s Comm. Gn. ad loc. and p. 482}; Lepage Renouf^{PSBA Nov. 1888, 5 f} ȧb(u)-rek, thy command is our desire, i.e. we are at thy service; Say^{Rel. Bab. 183} As. abrikku = Ak. abrik, vizier (unpub. tabl.), v. already Dl^{W; L 134 c., 1. 11. 12} who cp. As. abarakku = title, perh. grand vizier; against Dl, v. COT & Nö^{ZMG 1886, 734}). Spiegelberg^{Randglossen 14 ff.} expl. as Egyptian ʾbrk = give attention!).

אַבְרָם

אַבְרָם n.pr.m. (id., Thes al. exalted father) Abram Gn 11:26, 27 + 57 times Gn (to 17:5) + 1 Ch 1:27 Ne 9:7; = אַבְרָהָם Abraham Gn 17:5, 9, 15 + 172 times OT. (אברהם connected Gn 17:5 by word-play with הם of המון; really = אברם—רום = רהם which however is not found in Heb.—cf. Di > Hal RÉJ ^{1887, 177 f} who proposes אֲבִר הַם גּוֹיִם cf. Gn 49:24 with Is 41:21; so that אֲבִר הָם chief of multitude is the new name of Gn 17:5 (הָם) √המה). Spiegelberg^{Randglossen 14} cp. Pal. n.pr. geogr. ḥḳrʾ ʾbrru = חקל אברם (c. Egyptian art. masc.), in Sheshonk list. As regards etym., Nö^l.c. al. expl. as ‘the father [a divine title] is exalted’ (cf. יְהוֹרָם, מַלְכִּירָם, [אֲ]חִירָם).

אַבְרָם²

אַבְרָם, אַבְשַׁי v. אֲבִירָם, אֲבִישַׁי sub II. אבה.

אַבְשָׁלוֹם

אַבְשָׁלוֹם, אַבְשָׁלֹם v. אֲבִישָׁלוֹם sub II. אבה.

אֹבֹת

† אֹבֹת n.pr.loc. (water-skins) station of Isr. in wildern. Nu 21:10, 11; 33:43, 44; not yet determ., prob. on eastern skirts of Idumæa not far from Moab; according to Wetzst in De ^{Ct 168} Wêba, وَيْبَة in the Arabah, but identif. not prob.; cf. Di on Nu 21:10.