Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon

אַף² — ארה

II. אַף conj. denoting addition, especially of something greater, also, yea (so Ph. Aramaic ܐܳܦ, אַף, אוֹף; cf. فَ ).
1. very rare in plain prose (in which גַּם is more usual): Gn 40:16 (with pron., as rather often) I also in my dream, Nu 16:14 Dt 2:11, 20 2 S 20:14 (v. Dr) 2 K 2:14 Est 5:12; more freq. in poetry, especially as introducing emphatically a new thought Dt 33:3, 20, 28 1 S 2:7 ψ 16:6, 7, 9; 18:49; 65:14 they shout for joy, yea, they sing! 68:9, 17; 74:16; 89:28; 93:1 Pr 22:19; 23:28 +; or in more elevated prose style, Lv 26:16, 24, 28, 41; and 25 times in the impassioned rhetoric of Is 2 (40:24—48:15), e.q. 40:24; 41:10, 26; 42:13; 43:7, 19; 46:11 yea, I have spoken, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed, I will also do it! 48:12, 15. Implying something surprising or unexpected, even, indeed Jb 14:3; 15:4. וְאַף and also Lv 26:39, 40, 42, 44 Dt 15:17 Hb 2:15 ψ 68:19 1 Ch 8:32 = 9:38 2 Ch 12:5 Ne 2:18; 13:15; and even Jb 19:4 וְאַף־אָמְנָם שָׁגִיתִי and even indeed (if) I have erred … With הֲ, הַאַף indeed …? really …? †Gn 18:13, 23 wilt thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? v 24 Am 2:11 Jb 34:17; 40:8. In contrast to a preceding thought (expressed or implied) but, nay ψ 44:10; 58:3; cf. Ju 5:29.
2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with ref. to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori, the more so (= how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a neg. one): †2 S 4:10 f. when one told me, Saul is dead … I took hold of him and slew him … אַף כִּי־אֲנָשִׁים רְשָׁעִים הָרְגוּ וג׳ à fortiori, how much more (should I do so), when wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ez 14:21 (Ew Hi) 15:5 Pr 21:27 (in all these passages כִּי = when) Jb 4:19. So וְאַף †1 S 23:3 2 K 5:13 … וְאַף כִּי־אָמַר אֵלֶיךָ and the more (= and how much rather), when he hath said to thee, etc. More commonly in this sense strengthened by כִּי (q.v.), v. infr.

אפד

אפד (existence & meaning dub. Thes MV al. identify with אָפַד gird on, but this denom. v. infr.; Lag^{BN 178; GN 1890, p. 15} proposes وفد,, come as ambassador, as √ of אֵפוֹד).

אֵפֹד

† אֵפֹד n.pr.m. father of a chief of Manasseh Nu 34:23.

אָפַד

† [אָפַד] vb.denom. gird on ephod,
Qal Pf. וְאָפַדְתָּ לוֹ בְּחֵשֶׁב הָאֵפֹד Ex 29:5 and thou shalt gird the ephod upon him with the cunningly-wrought band of the ephod; so Impf. וַיֶּאְפֹּד לוֹ בּוֹ (‖ חגר) Lv 8:7.

אֲפֻדָּה

† אֲפֻדָּה n.f. ephod (= אֵפוֹד, for which it supplies cstr. & sf. forms).
1. of high-priest’s ephod, cf. אֵפוֹד 1 b, only חֵשֶׁב אֲפֻדָּתוֹ Ex 28:8; 39:5 the cunningly-wrought band of his ephod.
2. of sheathing of idol-images, אֲפֻדַּת מַסֵּכַת זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Is 30:22 (‖ צִפּוּי פְּסִילֵי כַסְפֶּךָ) cf. אֵפוֹד 3 a.

אַפֶּ֫דֶן

† [אַפֶּ֫דֶן] n.[m.] palace (Syriac ܐܳܦܰܕܢܳܐ; both from Pers. apadâna, cf. Spiegel^{Altpers. Keilschr. 128}, but this = treasury, armoury, M. Schultze^{ZMG 1885, 48 f.}) אָהֳלֵי אַפַּדְֿנוֹ Dn 11:45, of the ‘king of the north,’ i.e. Antiochus Epiphanes. Dieulafoy^{RÉJ xvi (1888), p. ccixxv f.} makes apadâna, more precisely, throne-room, cf. Dr Dn 11:45.

אָפָה

† אָפָה vb. bake (Assyrian epû, Zim^{BP 43} Aramaic אֲפָא, ܐܶܦܳܐ )—
Qal Pf. א׳ Gn 19:3; אָפִיתִי Is 44:19; וְאָפוּ consec. Lv 26:26 etc.; Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתֹּפֵהוּ 1 S 28:24; יֹאפוּ Ez 46:20; תֹּאפוּ Ex 16:23; Imv. אֵפוּ Ex 16:23; Pt. אֹפֶה Gn 40:1 +; אֹפֵהֶם Ho 7:6; pl. אֹפִים Gn 40:16 +; אֹפוֹת 1 S 8:13, etc.—bake, obj. לֶחֶם Lv 26:26 (H) Is 44:15, 19 (cf. Je 37:21); מַצּוֹת Gn 19:3 (J) 1 S 28:24; עֻגֹת מצות Ex 12:39 (J); חַלּוֹת Lv 24:5 (H); מִנְחָה Ez 46:20; מָן Ex 16:23^(×2) (P;—c. 2nd obj. of material Ex 12:39 בָּצֵק, Lv 24:5 סֹלֶת, 1 S 28:24 קֶמַח). Pt. always as subst. baker Gn 40:1, 2, 5, 16, 17, 20, 22; 41:10 (all E) Ho 7:4, 6; Je 37:21 מִחוּץ הָא׳ out of the bakers’ street; also 1 S 8:13 (‖ טַבָּחוֹת, רַקָּחוֹת; only here fem.) Nowhere as a menial office, not even 1 S 8:13 where despotic power & growth of court emphasized.
Niph. Impf. 3 fs. תֵּאָפֶה Lv 6:10; 7:9; 3 fpl. תֵּאָפֶינָה Lv 23:17;—pass. of Qal be baked, baken of לֶחֶם Lv 23:17; מִנְחָה 7:9 cf. 6:10.

אֵפוֹ

† אֵפוֹ (Jb 17:15; 19:6, 23; 24:25), elsewhere אֵפוֹא (cf. רִבּוֹ and רִבּוֹא), enclitic part. then (prob. from פּוֹ, a part. with a demonstr. force, cf. פּוֹ, פֹּה here, with א prefixed. In the Targs. פּוֹן is used somewhat similary, e.g. Gn 26:10 Nu 11:29 Is 1:9; 48:18, 19),—used
1. in connexion with interrogatory pronouns or adverbs (like ἄρα, ποτε, tandem): מִי אֵפוֹא Gn 27:33 who, then, …? v 37 וּלְכָה אֵפוֹא מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה and for thee, then, what shall I do, my son? Ex 33:16 וּבַמֶּה יִוָּדַע אֵפוֹא and wherein shall it be known, then …? אַיֵּה אֵפוֹא where, then? Ju 9:38 Is 19:12 Jb 17:15; Ho 13:10 אֱהִי מַלְכְּךָ אֵפוֹא; Is 22:1 מַה־לָּךְ אֵפוֹא what is there to thee, pray …?
2. in a command or wish: 2 K 10:10 דְּעוּ אֵפוֹא know, then; (in apod.) Pr 6:3 Jb 19:6; Jb 19:23 מִי־יִתֵּן אֵפוֹ וְיִכָּֽתְבוּן מִלָּ֑י would, then, that my words were written!
3. after אִם, Gn 43:11 אִם־כֵּן אֵפוֹא זֹאת עֲשׂוּ if it be so, then, do this, Jb 9:24 if not then, who is it? 24:25.

אֵפוֹד

אֵפוֹד (28 times) & אֵפֹד (20 times) n.m. ^{Ex 28:7} ephod (Ethiopic ኤፉድ cf. Aramaic ܦܶܕܬܳܐ id. (on meaning v. Lag^l.c.), perhaps also Assyrian pid, pittu Zim^{BP 39}; on form v. Ges^{§ 84 a 12. R.} but Lag^l.c. comp. وفاد, & thinks אֵפוֹד shortened from חֵשֶׁב הָא׳ ‘robe of approach’ to God)—א׳ abs. Ex 25:7 +; cstr. 1 S 2:18 +;—
1. ephod, priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle; a. as worn by ordinary priest made of white stuff (בַּד) 1 S 22:18; נֹשֵׂא א׳ cf. 2; so Samuel as a temple-servant 2:8, חָגוּר א׳ girt with an eph.; so David when dancing before ark 2 S 6:14 (id.) 1 Ch 15:27 וְעַל דויד א׳; b. as prescribed in P for high priest, more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שֵׁשׁ) threads, provided with shoulder-pieces & breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold, Ex 25:7; 28:4, 6, 12, 15; 29:5; 35:9, 27; 39:2, 7 + 17 times Ex 28, 39, also Lv 8:7; cf. prob. 1 S 2:28 (נֹשֵׂא א׳) 14:3; 21:10 (v. sub 2); חֵשֶׁב הָא׳ Ex 28:27, 28; 29:5; 39:20, 21 Lv 8:7; מְעִיל הָא׳ Ex 29:5; 39:22 (cf. Lv 8:7); with vb. נָתַן אֶת־הָא׳ עַל־ put the ephod on Aaron Lv 8:7.
2. ephod used in consulting י׳ 1 S 23:6 א׳ borne in hand (read יָרַד וְהָא׳ בְּיָדוֹ 𝔊 We Dr) v 9 30:7^(×2) (all c. הִגִּישׁ) + 14:18a (הגישׁ) & v 18b, in both read הָא׳ for ארון & v 18b also נֹשֵׂא 𝔊 Klo Dr; a. according to Thes MV Di Ex 28:6 al. properly sub 1 b; consultation of י׳ in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the ephod (cf. Ex 28:28—30 & v. אוּרִים); if so, in view of נשׂא 1 S 2:28; 14:3, 18 (cf. supr.), not used elsewhere = wear except 22:18, & of 23:6, the word might be used by meton. for the breast-piece itself; b. others, e.g. Sta^{Gesch. i. 466, 471} Bu^{RS 115} al., think of an image representing י׳; cf. following.
3. a. ephod of gold made by Gideon Ju 8:27 for a local sanctuary, by which Isr. was ensnared; = 2 b according to 𝔖 Thes (‘sine controversia’) Stu al. + Sta Bu l.c.; orig. = gold sheathing of an image (cf. etymol. supr. & Is 30:22 sub אֲפֻדָּה); MV Be Kö^{Hauptprobleme 59} think of garment, as sub 1 v. supr. b. made (material not given) for a private, local sanctuary Ju 17:5; 18:14, 17, 18, 20 (‖ פֶּסֶל, מַסֵּכָה, תְּרָפִים in all, for 𝔊 gives מַסֵּכָה v 20, om. ℌ); cf. Ho 3:4 Isr. shall abide without king, prince, sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; according to Thes al. + Sta Bu l.c. = 2 b; Stu Be Ry al. regard as sub 1; in view of distinction from פסל, מסכה & תרפים it seems more likely that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity, perhaps in imitation of Urim & Thummim.

אָפ֑וּנָה

† אָפ֑וּנָה ψ 88:16 (ἅπ. λεγ. Dl^{Pr 135 f.} comp. Assyrian appuna(ma) adv. = maʾdiš, very, very much, but dub.; Thes MV form from √ פון, & comp. Arabic أَفَنَ diminuit, mente diminuit (Frey), hence be confused, helpless, cf. 𝔊 ἐξηπορήθην; 𝔙 conturbatus sum; others emend אָפוּגָה or אֶפּוֹגָה from פּוּג q.v., but vb. not needed for parallelism. Arabic أَفَنَ in fact = milk (camel, etc.) dry, empty; مأفون = empty-headed man; this does not support be confused, helpless (GFM, privately)).

אֲפִיחַ

† אֲפִיחַ n.pr.m. an ancestor of Saul 1 S 9:1 (etymology & meaning dubious).

אָפִיל

† [אָפִיל] adj. (darkened, concealed, thence) late, of crops;—אֲפִילֹת Ex 9:32 of wheat & spelt.

אַפַּיִם

† אַפַּיִם n.pr.m. a son of Nadab, 1 Ch 2:30, 31.

אָפִיק

† [אָפִיק] n.m. ^{2 S 22:16} channel (as holding, confining waters; poet.)—cstr. אֲפִיק Jb 6:15; pl. אֲפִיקִים Ez 6:3; אֲפִקִים Ez 32:6; cstr. אֲפִ(י)קֵי 2 S 22:16 Jo 1:20; sf. אֲפִיקֶיךָ Ez 35:8; אֲפִיקָיו Is 8:7—channel = stream-bed, ravine, א׳ מַיִם ψ 42:2 Jo 1:20 cf. 4:18 Ct 5:12; also ψ 18:16, but better א׳ יָם as 2 S 22:16; א׳ נְחָלִים Jb 6:15; of river-bed Is 8:7; so also (without defining word) Ez 31:12; 32:6; 34:13 ψ 126:4; ‖ גַּיְא Ez 6:3; 35:8; 36:4, 6; fig. of bones of hippopotamus (as hollow) א׳ נְחֻשָׁה Jb 40:18; of furrows betw. scales of crocodile א׳ מָגִנִּים 41:7.—מְזִיחַ אֲפִיקִים Jb 12:21 is dub.; Thes MV Di al. say girdle of the strong (אָפִיק = firm, forceful, or—Di—capable, powerful); ‖ נְדִיבִים. Jb 12:21 read perhaps אַבִּירִים Du (v. also Bu).

אפל

אפל (Arabic أَفَلَ disappear, depart, set (of the sun)).

אָפֵל

† אָפֵל adj. gloomy, of day of י׳ Am 5:20 (‖ חשׁך, opp. נֹגַהּ) cf. אֲפֵלָה.

אֹ֫פֶל

† אֹ֫פֶל n.m. Jb 3:6 darkness, gloom (only poet.)—א׳ always abs.—
1. darkness, of night ψ 91:6 (opp. צָֽהֳרָֽיִם); deep in the earth, אֶבֶן א׳ Jb 28:3 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ, צַלְמָוֶת); darkness, gloom of underworld Jb 10:22^(×2) (‖ אֶרֶץ חֹשֶׁךְ, א׳ עֵיפָפָה, צַלְמָוֶת); personif. Jb 3:6 that night—let darkness take it יִקָּחֵהוּ א׳; fig. of spiritual darkness Is 29:18 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ); of secrecy, treachery ψ 11:2.
2. especially fig. of calamity Jb 23:17 (‖ חשׁך q.v.), 30:26 (opp. אוֹר).

אֲפֵלָה

† אֲפֵלָה n.f. darkness, gloominess, calamity—א׳ Ex 10:22 +; אֲפֵלָתְךָ Is 58:10; pl. אֲפֵלוֹת Is 59:9—
1. darkness Dt 28:29 Pr 7:9 (‖ אִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה); of supernatural darkness in Egypt Ex 10:22; of day of י׳ (cf. Am 5:20 sub אָפֵל) Jo 2:2 Zp 1:15 (both ‖ חשׁך, ענן, ערפל) sim. of wickedness Je 23:12 Pr 4:19.
2. fig. of calamity Is 8:22 (‖ חֲשֵׁכָה), 58:10 (‖ חשׁך, opp. צהרים), 59:9 (‖ id., opp. נגהות).

אֶפְלָל

אֶפְלָל v. sub פלל.

אֶפְלָל²

† אֶפְלָל n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:37^(×2), Αφαμηλ, etc., 𝔊L Ελφαελ.

אפן

אפן (meaning dub., perhaps turn, cf. פנה).

אֹ֫פֶן

† [אֹ֫פֶן] n.[m.] circumstance, condition (perhaps lit. turning) only du. (or pl.) sf. עַל־אָפְנָיו = in (right) circumstances Pr 25:11 (cf. Str ad loc., also Orelli^{Syn. d. Zeit u. Ewigkelt 38 f.}).

אֶ֫פֶס

† אֶ֫פֶס, אָ֑פֶס n.m. proposes ceasing, hence
1. end, extremity, only in the poet. phrase אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ (ψ 59:14 א׳ הארץ) ends, extreme limits, of the earth, used especially hyperbolically: Dt 33:17 1 S 2:10 Mi 5:3 Je 16:19 ψ 2:8; 59:14; 72:8 (= Zc 9:10); + כָּל־ Is 45:22; 52:10b (= ψ 98:3b) ψ 22:28; 67:8 Pr 30:4.
2. Expressing non-existence: a. as subst. (mostly a rare poet. syn. of אַיִן): Is 34:12 and all his princes יִהְיוּ אָ֑פֶס shall become nought, 41:29; 41:12 יִהְיוּ כְאַיִן וּכְאֶפֶס; 40:17 מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ (‖ כְּאַיִן) as made of nought and worthlessness are they accounted by him, 41:24 (read פָּעָלְכָם מֵאָ֑פֶס, ‖ מֵאַיִן, v. אֶפַע); 52:4 and Asshur oppressed him בְּאֶפֶס for nought. b. as part. of negation, proposes cessation of …! (cf. אֵין … nought of …), very rare in prose (2 S 9:3), chiefly a poet. syn. of אֵין: Is 5:8 עַד אֶפֶס מָקוֹם till there is an end of place = till there is no place (cf. עַד אֵין ψ 40:13), Am 6:10 (cf. אָֽיִן Ju 4:20), Dt 32:36 (hence, in prose, 2 K 14:26), Is 45:6 (cf. אין 43:11) v 14; 46:9; 54:15; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד Zp 2:15 Is 47:8, 10 is prob. to be rendered, ‘I am, and there is none besides’ (so Ges Ew Di etc.), the י being ‘paragogic’ as in זוּלָתִי etc. (Ges^{§ 90, 3a} Ew^{§ 211b}), cf. וְאֵין עוֹד Is 45:5, 6, 18, 21; but according to De the י is sf. of 1 s. ‘I am, and I am nought besides’ (i.e. and I am nought besides my all-sufficient self).—בְּאֶפֶס (like בְּאֵין, q.v.) without: Pr 14:28; 26:20 Jb 7:6 Dn 8:25. c. as adv. of limitation: (a) only: †Nu 22:35 (cf. אַךְ v 20) 23:13. (b) אֶפֶס כִּי save that, howbeit (qualifying a preceding statement): †Nu 13:28 Dt 15:4 Ju 4:9 Am 9:8 (+ 1 S 1:5 𝔊 We Sta Dr). So אֶפֶס alone †2 S 12:14 (the foll. כִּי signifying because).

אָפֵס

† אָפֵס (cf. II. פָּסַס) vb. cease, fail, come to an end: only Qal Pf. 3 ms.; Gn 47:15, 16 (of money, כֶּסֶף), Is 16:4 (extortioner: ‖ כָּלָה, תַּם), 29:20 (terrible one: ‖ כָּלָה, נִכְרַת), ψ 77:9 (חַסְדּוֹ: ‖ גָּמַר).

אֹ֫פֶס

† [אֹ֫פֶס] n.[m.] only in the du. אָפְסָ֑יִם (not אַ׳; v. Baer), lit. the two extremities, i.e. either the soles of the feet (so AW Ges; cf. Aramaic פִּיסְּתָא, ܦܰܣܬܳܐ), or the ankles (so 𝔖 𝔗 𝔙, & most): only Ez 47:3 מֵי א׳ water of (i.e. reaching to) the soles (or ankles); cf. v 4 מֵי מָתְנָ֑יִם water reaching to the loins.

אֶ֫פֶס דַּמִּים

† אֶ֫פֶס דַּמִּים n.pr.loc. in Judah, c. 16 miles SW. of Jerusalem, called in 1 Ch 11:13 פַּס דַּמִּים, (meaning unknown; Lag^{BN 76} on basis of MSS. of 𝔊 would read ספר מים edge or brink (ܣܦܳܪ) of water; but such a pronounced Aramaism is not probable), only 1 S 17:1.

אֶ֫פַע

† [אֶ֫פַע], מֵאָ֑פַע Is 41:24 text error for מֵאָ֑פֶס v. אפס; so 𝔙 𝔗 Saad Thes Ew Di al.

אֶפְעֶה

אֶפְעֶה v. sub פעה.

אֶפְעֶה²

† אֶפְעֶה n.[m.] a kind of viper (Thes ‘a flando et sibilando’; cf. Arabic أَفْعًى viper, Ethiopic አፍዖት: id.);—א׳ Is 30:6; 59:5, לְשׁוֹן א׳ Jb 20:16.

אָפַף

† [אָפַף] vb. surround, encompass (Assyrian apâpu Zim^{BP 59})—
Qal Pf. אָֽפְפוּ ψ 40:13, אֲפָפוּנִי ψ 18:5 +;—encompass (poet.) lit. Jon 2:6 (subj. מַיִם); fig., subj. evils & misfortunes רָעוֹת ψ 40:13 (sq. עָלַי); מִשְׁבְּרֵי מות 2 S 22:5, cf. הֶבְלֵי מ׳ ψ 18:5, also 116:3.

אֲפֵק

† אֲפֵק, אֲפִיק (Ju 1:31) n.pr.loc. Aphek (perhaps enclosure, or fortress).
1. city near Jezreel (Assyrian Apḳu, cf. Dl^{Pa 287}) Jos 12:18 1 S 29:1 (אֲפֵ֑קָה, so) 1 K 20:26, 30 cf. 2 K 13:17.
2. city in tribe of Asher Jos 19:30 Ju 1:31 (אֲפִיק).
3. city NE. of Beirût, mod. Afqa Jos 13:4 אֲכֵּ֑קָה v. Di.
4. place near Mizpah 1 S 4:1 (cf. 7:12). Jos 12:18; 1 S 4:1; 29:1 and 2 K 13:22 𝔊L; town not near Jezreel but at N. end of Philistine plain; cf. 𝔊L^l.c. We^{Comp 254} Dr 1 S 29:11 RS^{OTJC 2, 435} GASm^{Geogr. 400 f.} Buhl^{Geogr. 212 (and N.)} Bu^{RS 235 f.}; more doubtful are 1 K 20:26, 30; 2 K 13:17 (Kit 1 K 20:26); these, with Jos 19:30 Ju 1:31, might denote an Apheḳ near Jezreel.

אָפַק

† [אָפַק] vb. hold, be strong (so Thes wh. comp. Arabic أَفِقَ excel = multum valuit; MV comp. also فاق )—
Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִתְאַפָּ֑קוּ Is 63:15; Inf. לְהִתְאַפֵּק Gn 45:1; Impf. וְיִּתְאַפַּק Gn 43:31; 2 ms. תִּתְאַפַּק Is 64:11; אֶתְאַפָּ֑ק Is 42:14; וָאֶתְאַפַּק 1 S 13:12— 1. compel oneself 1 S 13:12. 2. restrain oneself, refrain Gn 43:31; 45:1 Is 42:14 Est 5:10; of י׳ Is 64:11; of Yahweh’s compassion Is 63:15, מֵעֶיךָ וְרַחֲמֶיךָ אֵלַי הִתְאַפָּ֑קוּ (almost passive).

אֲפֵקָה

† אֲפֵקָה n.pr.loc. (meaning perhaps id.) one of a group of cities including Hebron Jos 15:53.

אפר

I. אפר (cf. perhaps أَفَرَ leap, أَفِرَ be agile; v. אבק).

אֲפֵר

† אֲפֵר n.[m.] covering, bandage (Assyrian ipru, covering Zim^{BP 95}, êpartu, garment, Id.^ib. & Dl^{Pr 54}) א׳ עַל־עֵינָיו 1 K 20:38 cf. v 41.

אֵ֫פֶר

† אֵ֫פֶר n.[m.] ashes (as light, flying?)—א׳ abs. Gn 18:27 +; cstr. Nu 19:9, 10—ashes of red heifer, used in purifications Nu 19:9, 10; on head, as sign of humiliation 2 S 13:19; contrition Dn 9:3 (‖ צוֹם, שַׂק), Jon 3:6 (‖ שַׂק) cf. Jb 42:6 (עָפָר וא׳), Is 58:5 (‖ שַׂק); mourning Est 4:1, 3 (‖ שַׂק) cf. Jb 2:8 (ישׁב בתוך הא׳), Je 6:26 (‖ שַׂק), Ez 27:30 (‖ עפר); in sim. scattereth hoarfrost כָּא׳ ψ 147:16; but also as filthy, loathsome כעפר וא׳ Jb 30:19 (Di sim. of mourning, grief), as worthless, מִשְׁלֵי א׳ Jb 13:12 proverbs of ashes; fig. of worthlessness Is 44:20; insignificance עפר וא׳ Gn 18:27; ignominy Ez 28:18 Mal 3:21; distress & sorrow א׳ כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי ψ 102:10 (so Assyrian cf. Zim^{BP 42}) cf. La 3:16 Is 61:3 (פְּאֵר תַּחַת אֵפֶר).

אפר²

II. אפר (enclose, envelope, Assyrian apâru, attire Dl^{Pr 54}; Thes comp. Arabic غَفَرَ, cover; MV comp. Aramaic ܡܰܥܦܪܳܐ מעפרא, mantle, turban; but connection of √ (غ)פּ׳ ע with אפר is dub.)

אֶפְרֹחַ

אֶפְרֹחַ v. פרח.

אֶפְרֹחַ²

† [אֶפְרֹחַ] n.m. ^{Jb 39:30} young one, pl. young ones, young, of birds (Ethiopic አፍርኅት; id.);—אֶפְרֹחִים Dt 22:6^(×2); sf. אֶפְרֹחָו Jb 39:30, אֶפְרֹחֶיהָ ψ 84:4.

אַפִּרְיוֹן

† אַפִּרְיוֹן n.[m.] sedan, litter, palanquin (so NH; origin dub.; no plausible Shemitic etymol.; perhaps (so RS in Yule^{Gloss. of Anglo-Indian Words, 502}) Skr. paryaṅka, litter-bed, ‘palankeen;’ perhaps (if poem be late) Gr. φορεῖον;—𝔊 has φορεῖον, 𝔙 ferculum, Syriac ܦܽܘܪܝܳܐ (and ܦܽܘܪܝܳܐ) PS³⁰⁷³; Sota 9:14 and Talm אַפִּרְיוֹן, Talm also פּוֹרְיָא and פּוֹרְיוֹן, Levy^{NHWB i. 150, iv. 17}.) Ct 3:9 א׳ עָשָׂה לוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה.

אֶפְרַ֫יִם

אֶפְרַ֫יִם n.pr.m. Ephraim (Gn 41:52 connected with הִפְרָה, Hiph. of פרה, cf. פרא Hiph. Ho 13:15).
1. 2nd son of Joseph Gn 41:52; 46:20; reckoned among sons of Jacob, blessed by him, and given preference over Manasseh 48:1, 5, 13, 14, 17^(×2) (cf. v 19) v 20^(×2); 50:23 Nu 1:10 1 Ch 7:20, 22.
2. בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם (= descendants, tribe of E.) Nu 1:32; 2:18, 24; 7:48; 10:22; 26:35, 37 Jos 16:5, 9 (boundaries of territory), 17:8 1 Ch 9:3; 12:30(31); 27:10, 14, 20 2 Ch 28:12; less often מַטֵּה א׳ Nu 1:33; 13:8 Jos 21:5 1 Ch 6:51; מַטֵּה בְנֵי א׳ Nu 34:24 Jos 16:8 cf. 14:4; שֵׁבֶט א׳ ψ 78:67 (‖ אֹהֶל יוֹסֵף); בֵּית א׳ Ju 10:9; also א׳ alone, tribe Ephraim Nu 26:28 Dt 33:17 Jos 16:10 + often; א׳ וּמְנַשֶּׁה Jos 17:17 cf. Ju 12:15 (א׳ א׳ ומ׳) 2 Ch 30:10
3. הַר־אֶפְרַיִם the mountain-country of Ephraim, a ridge stretching from N. to S. through territory assigned to Ephr., with fruitful land on both slopes, especially the western (cf. Di Jos 16:1) Jos 17:15; 19:50; 20:7 Ju 2:9; 3:27; 4:5 + 26 times
4. by Ho & Is (rarely later) אֶפְרַיִם = kingdom of northern Israel (from Ephr. as largest & strongest tribe in it) Ho 4:17; 5:3^(×2), 5 (‖ יִשְׂרָאֵל) v 11, 12 + 30 times Ho; Is 7:2, 5, 8, 9, 17 + 9 times Is; also Je 7:15; 31:9, 18, 20 Ez 37:16 (del. Co) v 19 ψ 78:9 2 Ch 25:7, 10 cf. 30:1 ψ 60:9 = 108:9; עָרֵי א׳ 2 Ch 17:2 cf. 34:6; שְׁדֵה א׳ Ob 19; hence א׳ alone in loc. sense 2 Ch 31:1; also Ho 5:9, where fem. (& perhaps Is 7:2).
†5. יַעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2 S 18:6, E. of Jordan; 𝔊L Klo read יער מַחֲנַיִם, cf. 17:24, 27.
†6. name of a city near Baal-hazor 2 S 13:23 (= Ἐφραϊμ John 11:54 & 1 Macc 11:34? Klo comp. 𝔊L Γοφραιμ & עפרון, Qr עֶפְרַיִן 2 Ch 13:19; so previously Bö Th Ke cf. Dr).
†7. שַׁעַר אֶפְרַיִם a chief gate of Jerusalem 2 K 14:13 2 Ch 25:23 Ne 8:16; 12:39; perhaps at NW. angle, near Holy Sepulchre, cf. Schick-Guthe^{ZPV 1885}.

אֶפְרָת

אֶפְרָת v. אפרתה.

אֶפְרָ֫תָה

† אֶפְרָ֫תָה n.pr. (v. Sta^{§ 308 d. 1; 342 d. 2; Morgenl. Forsch. 215})—might in several cases, e.g. Gn 35:16, be אֶפְרָת + ה loc., but v. Ru 4:11;—
1. n.pr.loc. place near Bethel, where Rachel died & was buried Gn 35:16, 19; 48:7 (אֶפְרָת only Gn 48:7 where ה perhaps dropped on acc. of ה following (Ol); in last two passages הוא בית לחם is a gloss, v. Di; cf. 1 S 10:2).
2. id., a name of Bethlehem Mi 5:1 Ru 4:11; cf. perhaps כָּלֵב אֶפְרָ֑ת֑ה 1 Ch 2:24 (𝔊 ἦλθεν Χαλὲβ εἰς Ἐφράθα).
3. id. ψ 132:6, perhaps applied to district where Kirjath Jearim lay, on the border of Judah & Benjamin, cf. De Che.
4. n.pr.f. אֶפְרָת name given to wife of Caleb 1 Ch 2:19 = אֶפְרָ֑תָה v 50 4:4.

אֶפְרָתִי

† אֶפְרָתִי adj.gent. Ephrathite.
1. Ephraimite, cf. אֶפְרָתָה 1. Ju 12:5 1 S 1:1 (of ancestor of Elkanah) 1 K 11:26 (of Jerob.)
2. from א׳ 2; א׳ מִבֵּית לֶחֶם 1 S 17:12 (of Jesse); pl. אֶפְרָתִים מִבֵּית לֶחֶם Ru 1:2.

אפת

אפת (meaning dub. √ whence Arabic إِفُتٌ calamity, & also wonder, portent; according to Thes Arabic √ = إِيفَ suffer evil but Thes ^{612, Add. 72} del. אפת, and der. מוֹפֵת from √ פ״ו, so Ba^{NB§ 172 c}; v. also, on افت as late by-form of أفك, DBMacdonald^{JBL xiv (1895), 58 ff}).

אֶצְבּוֹן

† אֶצְבּוֹן n.pr.m.
1. אֶצְבֹּן a son of Gad (Sam. אצבעון, 𝔊 θασοβαν) Gn 46:16 = אָזְנִי Nu 26:16 (𝔊 Ἀζενει, Ἀζαν), this shorter form less probable.
2. אֶצְבּוֹן a grandson of Benjamin 1 Ch 7:7 (𝔊 Ἀσεβων, Ἐσσεβων).

אֶצְבַּע

אֶצְבַּע v. II. צבע.

אֶצְבַּע²

אֶצְבַּע₃₁ n.f.^{Lv 14:6} finger;—א׳ abs. Is 58:9, cstr. Ex 8:15 +; sf. אֶצְבָּעוֹ Lv 4:6 +; pl. אֶצְבָּעוֹת Je 52:21, cstr. אֶצְבְּעֹת 2 S 21:20 +, etc.;—
1. finger, especially a. forefinger, of priest, applying blood (P), Ex 29:12; Lv 4:6, 17, 25 + 8 times; applying oil 14:16^(×2), 27. b. שְׁלַח א׳ of any one Is 58:9, sign of contempt. c. of God, as writing Ex 31:18 (E) Dt 9:10; = act of God Ex 8:15 (J). d. pl. of all the fingers 2 S 21:20a; fingers in gen. Is 2:8; 17:8; 59:3 ψ 144:1, Pr 7:3 Ct 5:5; of י׳ ψ 8:4; מֹרֶה בְא׳ Pr 6:13 (of contempt. gesture); as measure of thickness, Je 52:21 four fingers.
2. toes: אֶצְבְּעֹת רַגְלָיו 2 S 21:20b, lit. fingers of his feet, cf. א״ ‖ 1 Ch 20:6 = fingers and toes.

אַצִּיל

† [אַצִּיל] n.[f.] joining, joint (cf. ܝܰܨܺܝܠܴܐ elbow)—pl. cstr. אַצִּילֵי יד[י] Ez 13:18 (on יד cf. Sm Co);—joint of hand, i.e. elbow Ez 13:18; אַצִּילוֹת יָדֶיךָ Je 38:12 arm-joints.—אַצִֽילָה ׃ Ez 41:8 is obscure; perhaps א׳ is here a technical architectural term to the joining (cf. Sm Ke).

אָצִיל

† [אָצִיל] n.[m.] side, corner, chief—pl. cstr. אֲצִילֵי Ex 24:11; sf. אֲצִילֶיהָ Is 41:9;—
1. sides (borders) of earth Is 41:9 (‖ קצות); cf. ירכתי א׳ Je 6:22 etc.
2. fig. nobles (perhaps as sides, supports, cf. sub פִּנּוֹת; so Ew Di: but perhaps = أَصِيلٌ noble—from أَصُلَ be rooted, أَصْلٌ root, met. origin, stock—proposes a man having a (known) origin, sprung from an ancient and famous stock; so Ges, cf. Lag^{BN 68}) Ex 24:11.

אצל

[אצל] prob. i.q. وَصَلَ to join (cf. on the א W^{SG 71}).

אֵ֫צֶל

I. אֵ֫צֶל₆₁ subst. conjunction, proximity; with sf. אֶצְלִי, אֶצְלוֹ etc.; only used as a prep.
a. (as an implicit accus.) in proximity to (as though وِصْلَ Lag^{BN 68}), beside: Gn 39:10, 15; 41:3 and stood אֵצֶל הַפָּרוֹת beside the kine, 1 S 5:2 אֵצֶל דָּגוֹן beside Dagon, 20:19 1 K 13:24, 25; 21:1 Pr 8:30 Ez 1:15, 19; 33:30; 39:15; often in phrase (מ׳ י׳) אֵצֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 1:16; 6:3 Dt 16:21 1 K 2:29 Am 2:8 +; of a locality (cf. II. אֵת 2) Dt 11:30 beside the terebinths of Moreh, 1 K 1:9; 4:12 Je 41:17. After a vb. of motion (late) Dn 8:7, 17; cf. 2 Ch 28:15b.
b. with מִן, מֵאֵצֶל from proximity to, from beside (cf. מֵאֵת, מֵעִם): †1 S 20:41 (read with 𝔊 מֵאֵצֶל הָאַרְגָּב from beside the mound); Ez 40:7 contiguous to, beside (מִן 1 c); with suff. 1 S 17:30 וַיִּסֹּב מֵאֶצְלוֹ and he turned about from beside him, 1 K 3:20; 20:36 Ez 10:16.

אָצֵל

† I. אָצֵל in pause אָצַ֑ל (Ges^{§ 29. 4 c}) n.pr.m. (perhaps noble, cf. אָצִיל 2) a descendant of Jonathan 1 Ch 8:37, 38^(×2) = 9:43, 44^(×2).

אָצַל

† [אָצַל] vb. denom. lay aside, reserve, withdraw, withhold—
Qal Pf. אָצַלְתָּ Gn 27:36; אָצַלְתִּי Ec 2:10; וְאָֽצַלְתִּ֫י cons. Nu 11:17;—reserve, לִי בְרָכָה Gn 27:36; (withdraw), set apart מִן־הָרוּחַ Nu 11:17; withhold מֵהֶם Ec 2:10.
Niph. Pf. נֶאֱצַל Ez 42:6 be withdrawn, i.e. shortened or narrowed.
Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאצֶל Nu 11:25 (Kö^{i 390}) = Qal Nu 11:17.

אֵ֫צֶל²

† II. אֵ֫צֶל in n.pr.[m.] בֵּית־הָאֵ֫צֶל Mi 1:11, according to Hi Ew Ca Ke = אָצַ֒ל Zc 14:5, but dub.; cf. ii. אָצֵל infr.

אָצֵל²

II. [אָצֵל] in pause אָצַל Zc 14:5, according to 𝔊 𝔗 Thes Ew al., n.pr.loc. near Jerusalem; but no site found, & identification with בֵּית־הָאֵצֶל uncertain; hence Symm 𝔙 Köh WR make subst., אֶל־אָצַ֒ל = very near, hard by (אָצֵל being the supposed abs. form of i. אֵצֶל; cf. Ol^{§ 167 b}).

אֲצַלְיָ֫הוּ

† אֲצַלְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yahweh hath reserved, or set apart) father of Shaphan the scribe 2 K 22:3 2 Ch 34:8.

אצם

אצם (meaning dub., cf. Arabic أَضِمَ be angry).

אֹ֫צֶם

† אֹ֫צֶם n.pr.m.
1. elder brother of David 1 Ch 2:15.
2. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:25.

אֶצְעָדָה

אֶצְעָדָה v. II. צעד.

אֶצְעָדָה²

† אֶצְעָדָה n.f. id.;—abs. א׳ Nu 31:50 (+ צָמִיד bracelet); א׳ אֲשֶׁר עַל־זְרֹעוֹ 2 S 1:10 (read הַצְּעָדָה We Dr Bu HPS, cf. 2 K 11:12 supr.).

אֵ֫צֶר

† אֵ֫צֶר n.pr.m. (treasure; or covenant Arabic إِصْرٌ ) a chief of the Horites Gn 36:21, 27, 30 1 Ch 1:38, 42.

אָצַר

† [אָצַר] vb. lay up, store up (Mish. id., Aramaic אֲצַר, ܐܶܨܰܪ, Arabic أَصَرَ confine, restrict)—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. אָֽצְרוּ 2 K 20:17 Is 39:6; Pt. הָאֹצְרִים Am 3:10;—store up treasure 2 K 20:17 = Is 39:6; obj. חָמָס וָשֹׁד Am 3:10, i.e. treasure gained by violence and robbery.
Niph. Impf. יֵאָצֵר be stored up, of the merchandise of Tyre Is 23:18.
Hiph. Impf. וָאוֹצְרָה (cf. Kö^{i 391}) (denom. from אוֹצָר) Ne 13:13 and I appointed treasurer, sq. acc. pers. + עַל־אוֹצָרוֹת.

אֶקדָּח

אֶקדָּח v. קדח.

אֶקְדָּח

† אֶקְדָּח n.[m.] perhaps fiery glow, sparkle; אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּ֑ח Is 54:12 i.e. carbuncles (?);—𝔊 λίθους κρυστάλλου, 𝔙 lapides sculptos, Aq Theod Sym.

אַקּוֹ

† אַקּוֹ n.m. wild goat (?) only Dt 14:5 in list of clean animals אַיָּל וּצְבִי וְיַחְמוּר וְאַקּוֹ וְדִישֹׁן וּתְאוֹ וָזָ֑מֶר (𝔊 ὄρυξ, 𝔖 𝔗 ibex; cf. Bo^{Hieroz. i. 900 f.}, Thes sub אנק cf. MV, with ref. to Arabic عناق goat; Thes comp. also Talm אִיקָא, but NHWB MV refer this to αἴξ).

אֹר

אֹר Am 8:8 v. יְאֹר.

אֲרָא

† אֲרָא n.pr.m. (meaning unknown, Thes conject. = אֲרִי lion) a descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:38.

אֲרִאֵיל

† II. אֲרִאֵיל n.[m.] hearth, altar-hearth (𝔊 Ἀριηλ; from ארה with ל aff. according to Ew^{§ 163 g} Ol^{§ 220} Sm Ez 43:15 Di Is 29:1 al.; but this formation very rare & here dub.; 𝔗 Hi De Brd Or Is 29:1 der. from אל + ארי = hearth of Ēl, v. also RS^{Sem i. 469}, who thinks of pillar-altars; cf. אראלדודה MI¹² v. Sm & So, and Dr^{Sm xci})—אראיל Kt Ez 43:15, 16; (Qr אֲרִיאֵל); = הַרְאֵל v 15 (Vrss Co אריאל), all c. art.,—of altar-hearth in Ezekiel’s temple.

אֶרְאֵל

אֶרְאֵל, אַרְאֵלִי v. I. אֲרִיאֵל sub I. ארה.

אֶרְאֵל²

† [אֶרְאֵל] n.[m.] (form & meaning dub. v. infr.)—only in אֶרְאֶלָּם Is 33:7; Ges אַרְאֵלִם heroes; cf. Thes Kn Che; Hi אֲרִאֵלָם; cf. De, who der. from אֲרִיאֵל, lit. = lion of God, coll. c. sf., & transl. their heroes; n.gent. from אֲרִיאֵל = Zion Nbr^{Athen. 1886, p. 400} cf. Say^{ib. 466}; Ew אַרְאָל = אַרְעָל trembling, cf. Di. Brd proposes הילילו ‘cry pitifully.’ 𝔖 𝔗 al. read some form of ראה, 𝔊 ירא. Wholly uncertain.

אַרְאֵלִי

† אַרְאֵלִי n.pr.m. (app. n.gent. from foregoing, but 𝔊 Nu 26:17 Ἀριηλ (Gn 46:16 Ἀροηλεις, Ἀροηδις, Ἀπηδεις) = foregoing) a son of Gad Gn 46:16 Nu 26:17; also adj.gent. c. art. as n.pr.coll. Nu 26:17 מִשְׁפַּחַת הָאַרְאֵלִי 𝔊 Ἀριηλει.

אֲרָב

† אֲרָב n.pr.loc. city near Hebron Jos 15:52 (𝔊 Ἐρεμ, 𝔊L Ἐρεβ; according to Onomast. Ἐρεμινθα Lag^{On. 254, 2nd ed. 260} Ereb Id.^{119, 2nd ed. 152}, a village Heromith in Daroma; cf. Di Survey^iii.311).

אֶ֫רֶב

† [אֶ֫רֶב], אָ֑רֶב n.[m.]—
1. a lying-in-wait Jb 38:40.
2. covert, lair 37:8 (‖ מְעוֹנוֹת).

אָרַב

† אָרַב vb. lie in wait (Arabic أَرُبَ i. was crafty, iii. went obliquely Dozy (knot) Frey)—
Qal Pf. וְאָרַב consec. Dt 19:11 וַאֲרַבְתֶּם Ju 21:20; אָרָֽבְתִּי׃ Jb 31:9; אָֽרְבוּ ψ 59:4 La 4:19; Impf. יֶאֱרֹב ψ 10:9^(×2); יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ Pr 1:18; Mi 7:2; וַיֶּֽאֶרְבוּ Ju 9:34; 16:2; נֶֽאֶרְבָה Pr 1:11; Imv. אֱרֹב Ju 9:32; Inf. אֱרָב־ Pr 12:6; Pt. אֹרֵב Jos 8:2 + 11 times; אוֹרֵב Jos 8:12 + 4 times; אֹרְבִים Jos 8:4 + 2 times;—lie in wait (with hostile purpose), abs. Ju 9:32, 43 + 21:20; Jb 31:9; ψ 10:9; Pr 7:12; 23:28; 1 S 22:8, 13; La 3:10 (of bear, cf. ψ 10:9); c. inf. of purpose ψ 10:9; c. acc. א׳ דָּם Pr 12:6; c. עַל, and pers. against whom Ju 9:34; usually c. ל Dt 19:11; Mi 7:2; Ju 16:2; ψ 59:4; Pr 1:11, 18; 24:15; La 4:19 cf. Jos 8:2, 4, 14; Pt. as subst. = liers-in-wait (pl.) Ju 20:29; usually sg. coll. ambush Jos 8:2, 12, 14, 19, 21; Ju 16:9, 12; 20:33, 36, 37^(×2), 38 Ezr 8:31; pl. of this sing. = ambuscades Je 51:12; sg. = place of lying-in-wait, ambush (loc. sense) Jos 8:7.
Pi. Pt. pl. מְאָֽרְבִים liers-in-wait. Qal Pt. Ju 9:25 (c. ל), 2 Ch 20:22 (c. עַל).?
Hiph. Impf. וַיָּרֶב בנחל (for וַיַּאֲרֶב) 1 S 15:5 (cf. Dr Kö^{i 390}; Ges-Kau^{§68. 2} queries) but text dub.; cf. Ol^{§ 257 b}, & Klo, who proposes ויעבר בנחל.

אֹ֫רֶב

† [אֹ֫רֶב] n.[m.] ambuscade only fig.—
a. יָשִׂים אָרְבּוֹ Je 9:7 i.e. he planneth treachery.
b. אָרְבָּם their intrigue Ho 7:6 cf. Now^{p. 126}.

אַרְבֵאל

אַרְבֵאל cf. בֵּית אַרְבֵאל, sub בית.

אֲרֻבָּה

† אֲרֻבָּה n.f. lattice, window, sluice (Mish. id.)—א׳ Ho 13:3; pl. אֲרֻבּוֹת 2 K 7:2 +, cstr. id. Mal 3:10; אֲרֻבֹּת Gn 7:11; 8:2; אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶם Is 60:8;—lattice, latticed opening, where smoke escaped Ho 13:3; openings of dove-cote Is 60:8; metaph. of eyes Ec 12:3 (as latticed by lashes? Hi Now; only here of opening to look through); elsewhere of sluices in sky, opened by י׳, through which rain pours destructively, א׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 7:11; 8:2, cf. Is 24:18 (א׳ מִמָּרוֹם); fig. of abundance 2 K 7:2, 19; (א׳ בשׁמים); of blessing Mal 3:10 (א׳ השׁמים).

אַרְבֶּה

אַרְבֶּה v. sub I. רבה.

אָרְבָּה

† [אָרְבָּה] n.f. artifice, pl. cstr. אָרְבוֹת ידיו Is 25:11 (lit. tricks of his hands).

אַרְבֶּה²

† אַרְבֶּה n.m. ^{Ex 10:19} a kind of locust (usually interp. as the multitudinous, but Dl^{HWB 126} as = Assyrian âribu, êribu, êribû, locust-swarm, from ארב devastate);—always abs. (הָ)א׳;—usually coll. locust-swarm, in sim. of swarm of invaders Ju 6:5; 7:12; often appar. the common species (‖ other species, cf. לְמִינוֹ Lv 11:22): Je 46:23; Na 3:15 (sim. of multitude; ‖ יֶלֶק); as destructive Ex 10:4, 12, 13, 14^(×2), 19a (all J), ψ 105:34 (‖ יֶלֶק), Dt 28:38 (vb. חסל), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, ψ 78:46 (all + חָסִיל), Jo 1:4^(×2) (‖ גָּזָם, יֶלֶק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); as disappearing suddenly (sim.) Na 3:17 (‖ גּוֹב גּוֹבַי); as edible Lv 11:22 (H; ‖ סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל, חָגָב); as well organized Pr 30:27 (cf. Jo 2:7, 8); of single locust, א׳ אֶחָד Ex 10:19b (J), as leaping (sim.) Jb 39:20, as shaken out of garment (sim.) ψ 109:23 (v. II. נָעַר).—Cf. Dr ^{Jo 82 ff.}

אֲרֻבּוֹת

† אֲרֻבּוֹת n.pr.loc. (= אֲרָב? cf. Klo ad loc.) 1 K 4:10 בָּאֲרֻבּוֹת.

אַרְבִּי

† אַרְבִּי adj.gent. הָא׳ 2 S 23:35 (but cf. Dr).

אַרְבַּע

אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה, אַרְבַּ֫עַת, אַרְבָּעִים etc. v. I. רבע.

אַרְבַּע²

I. אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה n.m. et f. four (NH = BH; MI⁸ ארבען = 40; Ph. ארבע, Pun. ארבעת, four; so Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti; Arabic أَرْبَعٌ, أَرْبَعَةٌ; Sab. ארבעת CIS^{iv, no. 232. 2} Hom^{Chrest. 47}; Ethiopic አርባዕ, አርባዕቱ Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבְּעָה, ܐܰܪܒܰܥ, ܐܰܪܒܥܳܐ; Nab. ארבע, Palm. ארבע, ארבעא, Lzb³⁶⁷);—m.₁₄₈ (c. n.f.) אַרְבַּע (abs. vel cstr.) Ex 21:37 +; also אַרְבַּ֑ע Lv 11:20 +; note (Baer Gi) Jos 21:18 + 6 times Jos 21 (van d. H. אַרְבָּ֑ע); in Pr 30:18 read f. with Qr; f. (c. n.m.) abs. אַרְבָּעָה Gn 2:10 + 125 times + Pr 30:18 (v. supr.); cstr. אַרְבַּעַת 1 S 4:2 + 29 times, incl. Ez 7:2 (but read m. Kt); sf. אַרְבַּעְתָּם Ez 1:8 + 5 times Ez, אַרְבַּעְתָּן 1:10, 10 (but read prob. -תָּם, Krae), v 16, 18; du. אַרְּבַּעְתָּ֑יִם 2 S 12:6, v. 1 d; pl. אַרְבָּעִים = 40, v. infr.;—four (in Hex 108 times, chiefly P, 98 times; Ez 52 times, Ch 47 times):—
1. without other num.: a. אַרְבַּע (1) before n.fpl. Je 15:3; Ex 25:12 (P) + 101 times, incl. א׳ אַמּוֹת Dt 3:11 + 5 times (but also †א׳ בַּאַמָּה four (in) cubit(s) Ex 26:2, 8; 36:9 1 K 7:27^(×2), 38), and א׳ מֵאוֹת = 400 Gn 11:13 + 55 times (2) א׳ bef. du. רַנְלָ֑יִם Lv 11:23, רַגְלָיו Ex 25:26. †(3) bef. collective, א׳ צֹאן Ex 21:37 (E); א׳ רִבּוֹא = 40,000 Ezr 2:64 = Ne 7:66. †(4) rare and late, after n.fpl. עָרִים א׳ Jos 19:7 (P); after n. fs. cstr. בִּשְׁנַת א׳ לְ 1 K 22:41; Zc 7:1; 2 Ch 3:2.—קִרְיַת א׳, v. this, and ii. אַרְבַּע infr. †(5) n. om. Ez 43:15b Pr 30:15, 18 (Kt, v. supr.), v 21 Dn 8:8, 22; עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע (sc. רגלים) = on all fours Lv 11:20, 21, 27, 42. b. אַרְבַּעַה (1) bef. n. mpl. Gn 2:10 (J), 14:9 Ex 25:34 + 21 times, + יָמִים (וְ)א׳ חֳדשִׁים Ju 19:2; 1 S 27:7; also א׳ א׳ פָנִים distrib. Ez 10:21. †(2) late, after n. mpl. 1 Ch 23:10. (3) n. om., Am 1:3, 6, 9 + 15 times, + (as pred. of n. mpl.) †Ex 27:16^(×2); 38:19^(×2); also בְּא׳, (sc. יוֹם) †Zc 7:1 = ordinal, on the fourth (day). c. אַרְבַּ֫עַת (1) bef. n. mpl. Ju 11:40 1 K 7:32 + 11 times (not Ez 7:2, v. supr.), + א׳ אֲלָפִים = 4000, 1 S 4:2 + 14 times †(2) bef. coll. הַבָּקָר Nu 7:7. †(3) n. om. 2 S 21:22. †(4) c. sf., after n. pl., = the four of them, Ez 1:8, 10^(×3) + 6 times Ez, Dn 1:17 these boys, the four of them. d. adv. אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם 2 S 12:6 = four-fold Ges^{§ 97 h} Kö^{ii. 1, 227}, but read שִׁבְעָתָ֑יִם 𝔊 Th We Klo Dr Kmp Bu HPS.
2. with other num.: a. (I) אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה = 14, (α) before n. fs., א׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה Gn 31:41, + (as ordinal, = 14th) 14:5; 2 K 18:13 = Is 36:1, Ez 40:1. (β) after n. fpl. עָרִים א׳ ע׳ Jos 15:36 + 8 times, נָשִׁים א׳ ע׳ 2 Ch 13:21. (2) אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר = 14, (α) before n. ms. Nu 17:14 (14 × 1000), Jb 42:12; especially. (as ord.) א׳ ע׳ יוֹם 14th day Ex 12:6, 18 + 7 times (β) bef. n. mpl. Nu 29:15. (γ) after n. mpl. Nu 29:13, 17 + 6 times (δ) after n. ms. Est 9:15, 19, 21, all = 14th. (ε) א׳ ע׳ pred. of נֶפֶשׁ Gn 46:22. (ζ) א׳ ע׳ = 14th (sc. day) Lv 23:15; 2 Ch 30:15 + 6 times b. 20 + (וְ) 4 + n. s. 1 K 15:33; 1 Ch 23:4 + 13 times 1 Ch 27; + n. pl. †Nu 7:88; n. om. 2 S 21:20, pred. ‖ 1 Ch 20:6; Ne 7:23; 4 + 20 + n. s. Nu 25:9; = 24th, יוֹם ע׳ וְא׳ Hg 1:15; 2:18; Zc 1:7; Ne 9:1; Dn 10:4, יוֹם om. Hg 2:10, 20, and (א׳ וְע׳) 1 Ch 24:18; 25:31†. c. other tens + 4, 1 Ch 7:7; 5:18 (+ n. s.), Ezr 2:15 + 7 times; 4 + tens + שָׁנָה Gn 11:16, + אֶלֶף 1000 Nu 1:27, 29; 2:4, 6; 26:25, 43.—Vid. Kö^{ii. 1, § 106}.

אַרְבַּע³

† II. אַרְבַּע n.pr.m. (called הָאָדָם הַגָּדוֹל בָּעֲנָקִים Jos 14:15, אֲבִי הָעֲנָק 15:13 cf. 21:11), inferred (erron.) from n.pr.loc. קִרְיַת א׳ (q.v.).

אַרְבָּעִים

אַרְבָּעִים₁₃₆ n.pl. indecl. a forty;—
1. sine num. al.: a. usually appos. bef. n., especially שָׁנָה, יוֹם (sing.): אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה Ju 3:11; 1 S 4:18; Am 2:10; 5:25 + 29 times; א׳ יוֹם Gn 7:17; 1 K 19:8; Jon 3:4 + 6 times, א׳ יוֹם וְא׳ לַיְלָה Gn 7:4, 12; Ex 24:18 + 7 times; also א׳ בַּת †1 K 7:38, א׳ גָּמָל †2 K 8:9, א׳ אַמָּה †Ez 41:2 and (אַמָּה om.) 46:22, but א׳ בָּאַמָּה †1 K 6:17 (v. אַמָּה); א׳ אֶלֶף Nu 1:33; 2:19; 26:18; Jos 4:13; Ju 5:8; 2 S 10:18; 1 K 5:6; 1 Ch 12:37 (van d. H. v 36), 19:18 (v. also infr.); rarely sq. n.pl., א׳ בָּנִים Ju 12:14, א׳ אֲדָנִים Ex 26:19, 21; 36:24, 26 (P).—(As round no. Gn 7:17; Ju 3:11; 5:31; 8:28; 1 S 4:18 +). b. after n. pl., פָּרוֹת א׳ Gn 32:16 (E), שְׁקָלִים א׳ Ne 5:15. c. n. om. Gn 18:29, הָא׳ v 29; א׳ יַכֶּנּוּ Dt 25:3 forty (blows) may he smite him.
2. c. num. al.: a. before unit, + n. s., 40 + 1 שָׁנָה 1 K 14:21; 15:10; 2 K 14:23; 40 + 2 שָׁנָה 2 Ch 22:2, אִישׁ 2 K 10:14, עִיר Nu 35:6, אֶלֶף Ju 12:6; 40 + 5 שָׁנָה Jos 14:10 (JE), etc. (12 times); + n. pl. יְלָדִים 2 K 2:24; after n. pl. הָעַמּוּדִים + 40 + 5 1 K 7:3; n. om. 40 + 5 Gn 18:28, cf. Ezr 2:24 = Ne 7:28. b. after unit, 9 + 40 שָׁנָה Lv 25:8 (H); 1 + 40 אֶלֶף Nu 1:41; 2:28, etc. (9 times Nu, P). c. c. hundreds, 40 שָׁנָה + 800 שָׁנָה Gn 5:13 (P); 100 + 40 שָׁנָה Jb 42:16; + units, 7 שָׁנִים + 40 + 100 שָׁנָה Gn 47:28 (P); but (Ezr Ne, mostly pred., without n.), 900 + 40 + 5 Ezr 2:8, cf. v 25 Ne 7:62, and (א׳ without וְ) 600, 40 + 2 Ezr 2:10, v. also ‖ Ne 7:15; Ezr 2:34 = Ne 7:36; Ezr 2:66 = Ne 7:68 (ver. om. Baer Gi), Ne 7:13, 29, 44; 1000, 200, 40 + 7 Ezr 2:38 = Ne 7:41; n.pl. 200 + 40 + 5 Ne 7:67, n.pl. 200, 40 + 2 11:13; also n. s. נֶפֶשׁ 700, 40 + 5 Je 52:30.
3. as ordinal, בְּא׳ שָׁנָה Dt 1:3 in the fortieth year; also בִּשְׁנַת הָא׳ Nu 33:38; 1 Ch 26:31; בִּשְׁנַת א׳ וְאַחַת 2 Ch 16:13 in the forty-first year.

אֶ֫רֶג

† אֶ֫רֶג n.[m.] loom (v. GFM^{POS Oct. 1889})—אֶרֶג Ju 16:14 hand-loom to which Samson’s hair was fastened, plucked up by him (א׳ obj. of וַיִּסַּע; del. הַיְתַד as gloss, cf. GFM supr.); Jb 7:6 יָמַי קַלּוּ מִנִּי אָ֑רֶג my days are swifter than a loom.

אָרַג

† [אָרַג] vb. weave (Mish. id. cf. Ph. ארג weaver)—
Qal Impf. 2 fs. תַּאַרְגִי Ju 16:13, 3 mpl. יֶאֱרֹ֑גוּ Is 59:5; Pt. אֹרֵג Ex 28:32 + 4 times; pl. אֹרְגִים Is 19:9 + 5 times; אֹרְגוֹת 2 K 23:7;—weave cloth, etc. Is 19:9 (in Egypt) 2 K 23:7, Samson’s locks Ju 16:13; metaph. weave spider’s web = intrigue Is 59:5; most often Pt. used as subst. = weaver Is 38:12; work of the weaver מעשׂה א׳ Ex 28:32; 39:22, 27 cf. 35:35; weavers’ beam (pl.) מְנוֹר א׳ 1 S 17:7; 2 S 21:19 1 Ch 11:23; 20:5 (sim. of huge spear-shaft)—cf. also sub יַעֲרֵי ארגים.

אַרְגָּב

† אַרְגָּב n.m. heap, mound (prob.);—so read 1 S 20:19 (for אבן), v 41 (for נגב), 𝔊 (αργαβ, εργαβ), Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS.

אַרְגֹּב

אַרְגֹּב, אַרְגָּב v. רגב.

אַרְגֹּב²

† אַרְגֹּב n.pr.
1. loc. (heap, or region of clods; ‘glebe’ GASm ^{G 551});—always חֶבֶל א׳ Dt 3:4, 14; 1 K 4:13, ח׳ הָא׳ Dt 3:13, = measured region of Argōb; some well-defined district of Bashan (appar. identif. with חַוֹּת יָאִיר Dt 3:14 [where ח׳ י׳ in Bashan, so Jos 13:30], but this a harmonistic correction; ח׳ י׳ in fact in Gilead [Nu 32:41 Ju 10:4], and disting. from אַרְגֹּב 1 K 4:13 cf. Dt 3:13); exact loc. dubious, GASm^l.c. and especially Dr Dt 3:4; Buhl^{Geogr. 18} thinks of Ṣuwet, S. of Upper Yarmuk, a border district between Bashan and Gilead.—Αργοβ; 1 K 4:13 Ερεβαταμ, 𝔊L Ραγαβαν, A Εργαβ.
2. m. 2 K 15:25, Αργοβ; dub.; v. Klo Kit Benz Bur.

אַרְגְּוָן

† אַרְגְּוָן n.[m.] purple (of Aramaic form, cf. Dn 5:7, 16, 29; perhaps text error) = purple thread 2 Ch 2:6; (+ כַּרְמִיל וּתְכֵלֶת), cf. 2:13; 3:14 sub אַרְגָּמָן.

אַרְגַּז

† אַרְגַּז n.m. box, chest, or like receptacle (cf. Arabic رِجَازَةٌ a kind of (camel-) vehicle for woman, also a garment containing stones, etc., as balance, makeweight (at side of haudaj); from above √, as swaying? Syriac ܪܳܓܽܘܙܬܳܐ sack, Talm. אַרְגָּז chest, coffin);—הָא׳ 1 S 6:8, 11, 15, cf. HPS.

אַרְגָּז

אַרְגָּז v. רגז.

אַרְגָּמָן

† אַרְגָּמָן n.[m.] purple, red-purple, i.e. purple thread & cloth (Assyrian argamannu COT Ex 25:4, Arabic أَرْجَوَانٌ, Aramaic ܐܰܪܓܘܳܢܳܐ, cf. אַרְגְּוָן supr.; etym. dub.; possibly Skr. râgaman, adj. red, reddish, from râga, red colour, so Benary cf. Thes Add ¹¹¹ RobGes; vid. MV; Thes earlier, from רגם; but prob. loan-word, cf. also Lag^{BN 205}; Pers. ارغوان is also cited by PS)—form always as above—
1. purple thread, cf. especially Ex 35:25; 39:3; Est 1:6; a. mostly Ex (P) with ref. to the hangings of tabernacle, the ephod, etc.; seld. alone; c. תְּכֵלֶת, violet (q.v.), תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי, (מָשְׁזָר) שֵׁשׁ, (also עִזִּים) Ex 25:4; 26:1, 31, 36; 27:16; 35:6, 25, 35; 36:8, 35, 37; 38:18, 23; 39:24 (on text v. Di) v 29; with these + זָהָב 28:5, 6, 8, 15; 39:2, 3, 5, 8; om. שֵׁשׁ מ׳ 28:33; 39:1; also of temple-hangings, with תְּכֵלֶת, בּוּץ & כַּרְמִיל 2 Ch 3:14; cf. 2:13 (v. also 2:6 v. sub אַרְגְּוָן). b. as indicating wealth & luxury of Tyre, c. שֵׁשׁ, רִקְמָה, תְּכֵלֶת Ez 27:7; c. רִקְמָה & בּוּץ v 16 (as articles of commerce); also in Persia, c. בּוּץ Est 1:6.
2. purple cloth, chiefly of garments, בֶּגֶד א׳ Nu 4:13; Ju 8:26; וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְא׳ Est 8:15, שֵׁשׁ וְא׳ לְבוּשָׁהּ Pr 31:22; תְּכֵלֶת וְא׳ לְבוּשָׁם Je 10:9; also מֶרְכָּבוֹ א׳ Ct 3:10; in simile, of woman’s hair Ct 7:6.