Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

סַךְ — סַפַּ֫חַת

סַךְ

† [סַךְ] n.[m.] throng (proposes an interwoven mass);—אֶעֱבֹר בַּסָּ֑ךְ ψ 42:5 I used to pass along in the throng, so most; but word dub..

סָךְ

סָךְ [סֹךְ], סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת v. ii. סכך.

סֹךְ

† [סֹךְ] n.[m.] thicket, covert, lair;—only sf. סֻכּוֹ Je 25:38 lair of י׳, under fig. of lion (but Gie סֻבְּכוֹ cf. 4:7), סֻכֹּה ψ 10:9 of lion (sim. of wicked; Bae סֻכָּה; Lag Che We סֻבְּכוֹ); סוּכּוֹ 76:3 his covert (of י׳ under fig. of lion; ‖ מְעוֹנָתוֹ); for סֻכֹּה in his covert ψ 27:5 Qr read perhaps, with Kt סֻכָּה a booth (Ol Hup-Now Bae cf. 31:21).

סֻכָּה

† סֻכָּה n.f. thicket, booth (proposes of interwoven boughs cf. Ne 8:15);—abs. ס׳ Is 1:8 +; cstr. סֻכַּת Am 9:11; sf. סֻכָּתוֹ Jb 36:29 ψ 18:12, and so read ‖ 2 S 22:12 (for MT סֻכּוֹת; De Hup-Now HPS); usually pl. סֻכֹּת Gn 33:17 +; סֻכּוֹת 2 S 11:11; +;—
1. thicket, lurking-place of lions Jb 38:40 (cf. [סֹךְ] 1).
2. booth, rude or temporary shelter, for cattle Gn 33:17 (J; distinct from בַּיִת), but also for warriors in the field 2 S 11:11 1 K 20:12, 16; for watchers in vineyards Is 1:8 (sim.) Jb 27:18 (sim. of frailty), for man’s shelter from sun Jon 4:5, cf. (fig.) Is 4:6 ψ 31:21, prob. also 27:5 (v. [סֹךְ]); poet. of fallen house (dynasty) of David Am 9:11; of clouds as (temporary) enclosure (AV ‘pavilion’) of י׳ in storm ψ 18:12 = 2 S 22:12 Jb 36:29.
3. specif. of booths, made of boughs, in which people lived at harvest-feast Lv 23:42^(×2), 43 (H), Ne 8:14, 15, 16, 17^(×2), hence called חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת Dt 16:13, 16; 31:10; Lv 23:34 (P), Zc 14:16, 18, 19; 2 Ch 8:13; Ezr 3:4.

סִכּוּת

† סִכּוּת n.pr.div. Am 5:26 read prob. סַכּוּת, = Assyrian Sakkut (epithet of Adar-Ninip = Saturn), Schr^{SK 1874, 332; COT} Am 5:26, cf. Tiele^{Gesch. 528} Bae^{Rel 239} Rogers^{Ency. Bib. 749} (Vrss Thes al. = סֻכָּה, סֻכּוֹת).

סֻכּוֹת

סֻכּוֹת₁₈ n.pr.loc.;—
1. סֻכֹּ֫תָה (ה loc.) Gn 33:17^(×2) (J; expl. from Jacob’s making booths), elsewhere סֻכּוֹת;—city E. of Jordan Ju 8:5 + 6 times Ju 8, Jos 13:27 (P); prob. also 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17 (reading מַעְבֶּרֶת אֲדָמָה ford of Adamah GFM Ju 7:22 cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 206} Benz 1 K 7:46); עֵמֶק ס׳ ψ 60:8 = 108:8 is Jordan-valley near Succôth; on identif. cf. GFM Ju 8:5 Buhl^{Geogr. 260}, GASm^{Geogr. 585} and reff.; according to Talm Dêr ʿalla, 1 m. N. of Jabbok Nbr^{Géogr; du Talm 248}, so S. Merrill^{East of Jordan 385 ff.}; 𝔊 Σοκχωθ (Σκηναί Gn 33 cf. ψ).
2. סֻכֹּ֫תָה (ה loc.) Ex 12:37, elsewhere סֻכֹּת;—first station of Isr. at Exodus, Ex 12:37; 13:20; Nu 33:5, 6 (all P); = Egyptian Thku(t) WMM^{As. u. Eur. 70}, Thkw Steindorff^{BAS i. 603}; on site v. Naville^{Pithom (1885), especially pp. 6. 23 f.} Guthe^{ZPV viii (1885), 219 f.}; 𝔊 Σοκξωθ.

סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת

† סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת n.pr.div. 2 K 17:30, Assyrian-Bab. deity, worshipped by Babylonians in Samaria; text of name corrupt; Schr^{COT ad loc.} (after H. Rawlinson) proposes Zîr-bânit, or Zarpanituv, wife of Marduk (cf. Hpt^{Andover Rev., May 1886} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 167}), rejecting Sakkut-binûtu = Marduk Dl^{Par 215}; Jen^{ZA iv. 352} makes בְּנוֹת = banîtu, epithet of Ištar; all doubtful.

סֻכִּיִּים

† סֻכִּיִּים n.pr.m.pl. a people in army of Shishak according to 2 Ch 12:3 (between לוּבִים and כּוּשִׁים); 𝔊 Τρωγλοδυται, so 𝔙; 𝔊L Σουχιειμ.

סָכַךְ

† I. [סָכַךְ] vb. overshadow, screen, cover (‖ √ to I. שׂכך (which is prob. orig., cf. Arabic شَكَّ, and Frä⁹⁰); NH הֵסֵיךְ cover, and perhaps סִכֵּךְ roof over);—
Qal Pf. only 2 ms. סַכֹּ֫תָ Ex 40:3, סַכֹּ֫תָה La 3:43, 44, סַכּ֫וֹתָה ψ 140:8; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּסֹ֫כּוּ 1 K 8:7, sf. יְסֻכֻּ֫הוּ Jb 40:22; Pt. act. סוֹכֵךְ Ez 28:14, 16, pl. סֹכֲכִים Ex 25:20 + 2 times;— 1. screen, cover, usually c. עַל־ of thing covered, 1 K 8:7; 1 Ch 28:18; + acc. of covering Ex 40:3 (P); + בְּ of covering 25:20; 37:9 (both P); c. לְ of thing covered ψ 140:8; so (+ בְּ instr.) ס׳ בֶּעָנָן לָךְ La 3:44 thou hast screened thyself with the clouds; c. acc. Jb 40:22 lotus-trees, as its shade, screen it; abs. Ez 28:14, 16 (difficult, text prob. corrupt, Co Toy del. as gloss). 2. reflex. cover oneself ס׳ בָאָף La 3:43 thou hast covered (clothed, panoplied) thyself with anger (si vera l.; cf. v 44 supr.).
Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָ֑סֶךְ לָךְ ψ 91:4, וַיָּ֑סֶךְ Ex 40:21 + 2 times; 2 ms. תָּסֵךְ ψ 5:12; Inf. cstr. הָסֵךְ 1 S 24:4; Pt. מֵסִיךְ Je 3:24 (Ges^{§ 67 v});—screen, cover, 1. specif. c. אֶת־רַגְלָיו, i.e. with long garments, euphemism for evacuating the bowels, from posture assumed, so inf. Ju 3:24, pt. 1 S 24:4 (cf. NH הֵסֵיךְ, and v. GFM, HPS). 2. elsewhere Impf., as Qal (expl. as Qal Ba^{ZMG xliii (1889), 178}), c. עַל־ Ex 40:21, of protection ψ 5:12; c. לְ pers. + בְּ instr. 91:4 (of protection).
Pilp. סִכְסֵהּ, denom., v. sub IV. שׂכך.—v. סוך for Jb 3:23; 38:8.

סֹכֵךְ

† סֹכֵךְ n.[m.] protector;—term. techn. of structure shielding stormers of city (Lat. testudo) הַסּ׳ Na 2:6; 𝔊 τὰς προφυλακὰς αὐτῶν.

סָכַךְ²

† II. [סָכַךְ] vb. weave together (‖ form of II. שָׂכַךְ; NH Hiph. הֵסֵיךְ weave, סוּכָּה, booth);—
Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּסֻכֵּנִי ψ 139:13 thou didst weave me together. Pô. id. Jb 10:11.

סְכָכָה

† סְכָכָה n.pr.loc. in wilderness of Judah Jos 15:61; A Σοχοχα, 𝔊L Σχαχα. Site unknown.

סֶ֫כֶל

† סֶ֫כֶל n.m. folly;—Ec 10:6.

סָכַל

† [סָכַל] vb. be foolish, or a fool, usually in moral or spiritual sense (Syriac ܣܟܰܠ,, Aph. act foolishly; ܣܰܟܠܴܐ foolish, etc., 𝔗 סְכַל der. species, act foolishly; סַכְלָא fool; Chr Pal Aramaic ܣܟܠ, Aph. = ἁμαρτάνω, also deriv. Schwally^{Idiot. 62}; Assyrian saklu, perhaps foolish, Dl^{HWB 498}; Aramaic ܣܟܰܠ, סְכַל know, be intelligent, cause to understand, etc. (der. species), cf. שׂכל; Me^{Chrest. Targ.} derives both these opp. meanings from Arabic شَكْلٌ form, likeness Gerber¹⁷⁸ thinks Heb. vb. denom.);—
Piel Impf. יְסַכֵּל Is 44:25, Imv. סַכֶּל־נָא 2 S 15:31, make foolish, turn into foolishness.
Niph. Pf. 2 ms. נִסְכַּלְתָּ 2 Ch 16:9; נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ 1 S 13:13; 1 s. נִסְכַּלְתִּי 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8, act or do foolishly.
Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִסְכַּלְתָּ Gn 31:28 (E), 1 s. הִסְכַּלְתִּי 1 S 26:21, do foolishly, play the fool.

סָכָל

† סָכָל n.m. fool (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 48});—Je 5:21; Ec 2:19; 7:17; 10:3^(×2), 14; pl. adj. סְכָלִים Je 4:22.

סִכְלוּת

† סִכְלוּת, שִׂכְלוּת n.f. folly;—ס׳ Ec 2:3, 12, 13; 7:25; 10:1, 13; שׂ׳ Ec 1:17 (שׂ erroneously for ס).

סָכַן

† I. [סָכַן] vb. be of use or service, benefit (Tel Am. sakânu, care for (c. prep. ana) Zim^{ZA vi. 248} Wkl^{TA Gloss.}; Ph. סכן prefect Lzb³²⁹; cf. perhaps TelAm. zukini as loan-word Wkl^l.c.);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. only Jb.: יִסְכֹּן 22:2, -וֹן 15:3, יִסְכָּן־ 22:2 + 2 times; Pt. סֹכֵן Is 22:15; f. סֹכֶ֫נֶת 1 K 1:2, 4;— 1. be of use or service, only pt. וּתְהִי לוֹ ס׳ 1 K 1:2 and let her become servitress to him, so v 4 (+ וַתְּשָׁרֲתֵהוּ); סֹכֵן Is 22:15 = servitor, steward. 2. benefit, profit, abs. Jb 15:3; c. לְ pers. 22:2; 35:3, עַל־ pers. 22:2; c. acc. 34:9 (or abs. gain benefit, גבר subj.).
Hiph. Pf. 1 s. הִסְכַּ֫נְתִּי Nu 22:20; 2 ms. הִסְכַּ֑נְתָּה ψ 139:3; Imv. הַסְכֶּן־נָא Jb 22:21; Inf. abs. הַסְכֵּן Nu 22:30;—be used, wont, strictly exhibit use, or habit, הַהַסְכֵּן הִסְכַּנְתִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת לְךָ כֹּה Nu 22:30 (J) have I ever shewn the habit of doing thus to thee? hence shew harmony with (עִם) one Jb 22:21, be familiar with, known intimately (subj. י׳) ψ 139:3 (c. acc. דְּרָכַי).

סָכַן²

II. סָכַן vb. incur danger (late) (NH id. Pi. endanger, Hiph. be endangered, סַכָּנָה. danger, etc.; Aramaic סְכַן id., cf. Levy^{NHWB iii. 526 i.} De^{HL und Koheleth 203; Eng. Trans. 194});—
Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּ֫כֶן בָּם Ec 10:9 he that cleaveth (logs of) wood endangers himself by them.

סָכַן³

† III. [סָכַן] vb. (so most) be poor, but v. infr.;—
Pu. Pt. הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה Is 40:20 usually, he who is impoverished in respect to offering, but very dub.; v. conject. in Du (against him Di-Kit) Skinner Zim^{ZA ix. 111} Che^Heb.Hpt..—מִסְכֵּן poor, מִסְכֵּנֻת poverty, v. p. 587.

סִכְסֵךְ

[סִכְסֵךְ] v. sub IV. שׂכך.

סָכַר

† I. [סָכַר] vb. shut up, stop up (Aramaic סְכַר, ܣܟܰܪ shut up, stop up, dam up; Arabic سَكَرَ fill, stop up, dam (river), etc., also close, stop up door, Lane¹³⁹⁰; Assyrian sikệru, dam up, ii. 2. stop ears; cf. sikkuru, bolt Dl^{HWB 499}; appar. kindr. with סגר;—hence Egyptian t’akar, barrier, Bondi⁸⁸);—
Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּכֵר פִּי וגו׳ ψ 63:12 the mouth of liars shall be stopped; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ Gn 8:2 (P) and the springs of the deep etc., were shut up.
Pi. Pf. וְסִכַּרְתִּ֫י אֶת־מִצְרַיִם בְּיַד Is 19:4 and I will shut up (deliver) Egypt into the hand of, etc. (cf. סגר, מגן).

סָכַר²

† II. [סָכַר] vb. hire ( = שָׂכַר; ס erroneously for שׂ);—only
Qal Pt. pl. וְסֹכְרִים Ezr 4:5 and hiring against (על) them agents.

סָכַת

† [סָכַת] vb. be silent (Arabic سَكَتَ id., Lane¹³⁸⁹; Sam. ࠎࠊࠕ pay attention, cf. Thes; Arabic = also be quiet (in gen.), = Syriac ܫܟܰܬ, a differentiated √?);—
Hiph. declar. shew silence: Imv. ms. תַסְכֵּת Dt 27:9 keep silence and listen (cf. נִסְכַּת Ecclus 13:23).

סַל

סַל v. סלל.

סַל²

† סַל n.m. Gn 40:16 basket;—ס׳ abs. Gn 40:17 +; cstr. Ex 29:23 +; pl. סַלִּים Gn 40:18; cstr. סַלֵּי v 16;—basket Gn 40:16, 17^(×2), 18 (E), Ju 6:19; Ex 29:3^(×2), 23, 32 Lv 8:2, 26, 31; Nu 6:15, 17, 19.

סִלָּא

† סִלָּא word in (unintelligible) design. loc., בֵּית מִלֹא הַיֹּרֵד ס׳ 2 K 12:21; Th conj. מְסִלָּה highway, Klo בְּמוֹרַד מִלֹא other conj. in Benz.

סָלָא

† [סָלָא] vb. weigh (Arabic سَلَأَ pay promptly Lane¹³⁹⁸; cf. Sab. סלא consecrate, devote Hom^{ZMG xivi (1892), 531; Sud. Arab. Chrest. 124});—only
Pu. Pt. הַמְסֻלָּאִים בַּפָּ֑ז La 4:2 they who were weighed against gold, reckoned of such value.—Cf. also II. סלה.

סֶ֫לֶד

† סֶ֫לֶד n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:30^(×2), 𝔊 Σαλαδ, 𝔊L Σαλεδ.

סָלַד

† [סָלַד] vb. very dubious, perhaps spring (NH start or spring back, as hand from fire; v. Levy);—
Pi. Impf. 1 s. וַאֲסַלְּדָה Jb 6:10 and I would spring (for joy) in (my) anguish.

סֶ֫לָה

סֶ֫לָה v. סלל.

סָלָה

† I. [סָלָה] vb. make light of, toss aside (cf. Assyrian salû, throw off, shake off (yoke) Dl⁵⁰⁰; Arabic سلو, سَلَا is be forgetful, neglectful Lane¹⁴¹⁷ Aramaic סְלָא despise, ܣܠܴܐ reject);—
Qal Pf. 2 ms. סָלִיתָ ψ 119:118 thou dost make light of all those that err from thy statutes.—Cf. also סַלּוֹן infr.
Pi. intens. Pf. 3 ms. סִלָּה La 1:15 Adonay hath flouted at my mighty ones.

סֶ֫לָה²

† סֶ֫לָה vb. lift up (voices in ברוך לעולם), or exalt (לעולם י׳) (Imv. of סָלַל (cf. Pr 4:8 ψ 68:5; הִגָּיוֹן סלה 9:17, v. הִגּ׳), properly סֹ֫לָּה, סֶ֫לָה poss. Qr = נֶצַח, Hexapla σελ; but cf. הֶ֫רָה Ew⁵⁵⁴ Kö^{ii 1, 539}; 𝔊 Sym Theod διάψαλμα, expl. Suidas μέλους ἐναλλαγή; Theodoret Hippolytus μέλους μεταβολή (cf. Hexapla Hb 3:3 μεταβολὴ διαψάλματος; Syriac Hexapla Aq. עוניתא in 5 ψ ψ, Field in ψ 38:12); 𝔊 adds διάψαλμα, e.g. 2:2; 34:11; 94:15, after final editing of Heb. Psalter; so Psalms of Solomon 17:21; 18:10 on same principles as in MT; used therefore with full knowledge that it indicated some kind of interruption or change in the regular rendering. סלה is used in שמונה עשרה after Benedictions 3, 18, and after other early Jewish prayers, shewing knowledge, c. 100 a.d.; Aq gives ἀεί (Theod. also ψ 9:17); Sexta διαπαντός (except 20:4 εἰς τέλος); Quinta εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας; Jer. semper, 𝔗 usually לעלמא, לעלמין; but 39:6 לחיי עלמא, 44:9 לעלמי עלמין, 48:9 עד עלמי עלמין, 49:14 לעלמא דאתי; uniform tradition best expl. by closing contents of the Benedictions, מהעולם ועד העולם. So Jer. classes sela with amen and salom; and Jacob of Edessa in Bar Hebr 10:1 cp. Christian Amen of the people after Gloria);—this interpr. agrees with usage: 71 times in 39 ψψ, 3 times Hb 3 (taken from Minor Psalter למנצח, v. נצח); it occurs at end of 3:9; 24:10; 46:12 (om. 𝔊), 9:21 (𝔊 combines 9 and 10); elsewhere at close of strophe, 3:3, 5; 4:3, 5; 7:6; 9:17; 24:6; 32:4, 5, 7; 39:6, 12; 46:4, 8; 47:5; 48:9; 49:13 (so read MT v 14 by error) v 16; 50:6; 52:5, 7; 54:5; 59:6, 14; 61:5; 62:5, 9; 66:4, 7, 15; 67:5; 68:20; 76:4, 10; 77:4, 10, 16; 81:8; 82:2; 83:9; 84:5, 9; 88:8, 11; 89:38, 46; 140:4, 6, 9; 143:6; or where citations have been made, 44:9; 55:8; 57:7; 60:6; 67:2; 68:8, 33; 89:5; Hb 3:3, 9; or where extracts might be made for liturgical purposes, 20:4; 21:3; 55:20; 75:4; 85:3; 87:3, 6; 89:49; so 57:3 (𝔊 for MT v 4) Hb 3:13.—Of ψψ c. סֶלָה, 23 used in Elohistic Psalter, 28 in Director’s Psalter, 39 in final editing of Psalter. These editors found it in earlier Psalters. Davidic Psalter uses 20 of them, so few in proportion that it is not characteristic of this Psalter; but Korahite 9 (out of 12), and Asaph 7 + 80:8 [𝔊] (prob. 8 out of 12); appar. it came into use in time of these editors. In Director’s Psalter musical terms are added to 19 of the 28 it uses (and only to ten others, of which some could hardly use סלה); ψψ with סלה all (except 61, 81) name the kind of ψ in title: 3 מִכְתָּם, 7 מַשְׂכִּיל, 10 שִׁיר, 26 (27) others מִזְמוֹר, Hb 3 תְּפִלָּה; ס׳ is especially frequent with שִׁיר and מַשְׂכִּיל, terms associated with musical rendering. It prob. came into use in late Persian period in connexion with ψψ used with musical accompaniment in public worship, to indicate place of benedictions. It was not added by later editors to other psalms; but was revived in first century b.c., and continued in use for some time (v. Jacob^{ZAW xvi (1896), 129 f.} Br^{JBL 1899} EG Briggs^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. Oct. 1899, 1 ff.}).

סָלָה²

† II. [סָלָה] vb. weigh, balance (‖ form of סָלָא q.v.);—
Pu. Impf. 3 fs. לֹא־תְסֻלֶּה בְּכֶתֶם Jb 28:16 it cannot be weighed against (estimated in) gold of Ophir, cf. v 19.

סַלּוּ

† סַלּוּ n.pr.m. a priest, Zerub.’s time, according to Ne 12:7 (𝔊L Σαλουια), = סַלַּי v 20 (𝔊L Σαλουαι; om. BA in both).

סַלּוּא

† סַלּוּא n.pr.m. a post-exil. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:7 (𝔊 Σαλωμ, A Σαλω) = סַלֻּא Ne 11:7 (𝔊 Σηλω, 𝔊L Σαμαα).

סָלוּא

† סָלוּא n.pr.m. a Simeonite Nu 25:14, 𝔊 Σαλμων, A Σαλω, 𝔊L Σαλωμ.

סַלּוֹן

† [סַלּוֹן], סִלּוֹן n.m. brier (√ unknown);—סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר Ez 28:24 a pricking brier (fig. of national distress; ‖ קוֹץ מַכְאִב); pl. סַלּוֹנִים 2:6 (+ סָרָבִים; Co [after Vrss] Berthol [not Toy] read (אותך) סֹרְבִים וְסֹלִים resisting and despising thee; סֹל׳ is then Pt. from I. סלה).

סַלָּח

† סַלָּח adj. ready to forgive, forgiving;—אַתָּה אֲדֹנָי טוֹב וְס׳ ψ 86:5 thou Lord art kind and forgiving.

סָלַח

† [סָלַח] vb. forgive, pardon (𝔗 סְלַח id., NH סְלִיחָה forgiveness);—
Qal Pf. 2 ms. סָלַחְתָּ Ex 34:9 + 9 times, סָלָ֑חְתָּ La 3:42 + 2 times; 1 s. סָלַחְתִּי Nu 14:20 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְלַח 30:6 + 4 times; 1 s. אֶסְלַח Je 31:34 + 3 times + 5:7 Qr (Kt אֶסְלוֹח); Imv. סְלַח Nu 14:19 Am 7:2; סְלָ֑חָה Dn 9:19; Inf. סְלֹחַ Dt 29:19; 2 K 24:4; סְלוֹחַ Is 55:7; Pt. act. סֹלֵחַ ψ 103:3;—forgive, pardon, always of God: abs. Nu 14:20 (J), 1 K 8:30, 39 = 2 Ch 6:21, 30, 2 K 24:4; Is 55:7; Am 7:2; La 3:42; Dn 9:19; c. לְ, of the sin Ex 34:9; Nu 14:19 (both J), Je 31:34; 33:8; 36:3 ψ 25:11; 103:3; 1 K 8:34, 36 = 2 Ch 6:25, 27, 2 Ch 7:14; + לְ, of sinner Dt 29:19; 1 K 8:50 = 2 Ch 6:39, 2 K 5:18^(×2); Je 5:1, 7; 50:20, and in law, Nu 30:6, 9, 13 (P).
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְלַח, c. לְ, term. techn. in code of P, it shall be forgiven him לוֹ Lv 4:26, 31, 35; 5:10, 13, 16, 18, 26; 19:22 Nu 15:28; them לָהֶם Lv 4:20 Nu 15:25; לְכָל־עֲדַת וגו׳ v 26.

סַלַּי

† סַלַּי n.pr.m.
1. Ne 12:20 = סַלּוּ q.v.
2. סַלָּ֑י a Benjamite Ne 11:8, 𝔊 Σηλε(ε)ι.

סְלִיחָה

† סְלִיחָה n.f. forgiveness (late; on format. v. Kö^{ii 1, 197});—ס׳ ψ 130:4; pl. abstr. intens. abundant forgiveness, סְלִיחוֹת Ne 9:17, סְלִחוֹת Dn 9:9.

סַלְכָה

† סַלְכָה n.pr.loc. city on E. border of Bashan, Dt 3:10; Jos 12:5; 13:11 (all D), 1 Ch 5:11; = Nab. צלחד (Lzb³⁵⁸ Cook¹⁰¹), mod. Ṣalḫad, Ṣarḫad on S. spur of Jebel Hauran, c. 63 m. due E. of Jordan; cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 252} Dr Dt 3:10; 𝔊 Σελχα, Ελχα, etc. (Σ lost often after ἕως).

סלל

II. סלל (√ of foll.; cf. NH סִלְסֵל plait, curl hair; NH סַל, 𝔗 סַלָּא, Talm. סִילְתָּא, Syriac ܣܰܠܴܐ, Chr Pal Aramaic ܣܠܐ all = basket; Arabic سَلٌّ, سَلَّةٌ loan-wd. Frä^{75 f.}; cf. sull, a round wicker-basket used by women in Palestine for carrying fruit on their heads to market, Baldensperger^{PEF 1904, 135}. Schwally^{Idiot. 63}).

סָלַל

† I. [סָלַל] vb. lift up, cast up (NH סִלְסֵל esteem highly, סִלְסוּל loftiness, distinction; סוּלָּם ladder; 𝔗 סוּלְּמָא id.; MI²⁶ מסלת highway; Ph. סלמת stair (?) Lzb³²⁹; Assyrian sellu, sillu, perhaps breast-works Dl^{HWB 501}; but سُلَّمٌ ladder (a loan-wd. according to Schwally^{ZMG liii (1899), 197}), cf. סֻלָּם; v. also ṭrry, siege-wall, Egyptian loan-word from סֹלְלָה according to WMM^{As. u. Eur. 101});—
Qal Impf. וַיָּסֹ֫לּוּ Jb 19:12; 30:12 Imv. mpl. סֹ֫לּוּ Is 57:14 + 4 times; sf. סָלּוּהָ Je 50:26 (cf. סֶ֫לָה); Pt. pass. סְלוּלָה Je 18:15; סְלֻלָה Pr 15:19;— 1. cast up a highway: ס׳ מְסִלָּה Is 62:10^(×2), without obj. Is 57:14^(×2), דֶּרֶךְ לֹא סְלוּלָה Je 18:15; fig. of path of upright Pr 15:19. 2. cast up a way: דֶּרֶךְ, c. על against, Jb 19:12 (of besieger, in fig.), ארה Jb 30:12 (of besetting foe); Bab. as a heap of garbage Je 50:26. 3. lift up (a song) ψ 68:5, c. לְ pers. (‖ שׁיר, זמּר; most as 1).
Pilp. Imv. sf. סַלְסְלֶהָ Pr 4:8 exalt her (i.e. Wisdom), i.e. (cf. Toy) esteem highly, prize. Hithpôʿ. Pt. מִסְתּוֹלֵל Ex 9:17 (J) exalt oneself, c. בְּ against (denom. from סֹלְלָה according to Gerber ⁵²); cf. Ecclus 39:24; 40:28.

סֹלְלָה

† סֹלְלָה n.f. mound;—ס׳ 2 S 20:15 + 7 times; סוֹלְלָה Dn 11:15; pl. סֹלְלוֹת Je 32:24; 33:4.—שָׁפַךְ ס׳ עַל־הָעִיר cast up mound against the city, besieging it, 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33, Je 6:6; Ez 4:2; 26:8; c. אֶל 2 S 20:15 (error for על); without על העיר Ez 17:17; 21:27; Dn 11:15; without vb. Je 32:24; 33:4.

סֻלָּם

† סֻלָּם n.m. ladder;—Gn 28:12 (E).

סַלְסִלָּה

† [סַלְסִלָּה] n.[f.] basket according to 𝔊𝔙 AV RV; but prob. shoot, branch Ew Hi Gf Gie al.; only pl. abs. כְּבוֹצֵר (read prob. יָד) הָשֵׁב יָֽדְךָ עַל־סַלְסִלּוֹת Je 6:9.

סלע

סלע (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَلَعَ cleave, split, سِلْعٌ cleft, fissure, Lane¹⁴⁰⁶, hence סֶלַע split, jagged cliff, crag, often isolated (split off) rock (cf. Wetzst^{De Is 3:696-707">Is 3:696—707; and especially ZAW iii (1883), 273}); then of smaller fragments, NH סֶלַע rock, stone, also scale (of serpent), weight (in trade); Aramaic סִלְעָא specif. weight for coin; Nab. סלע, a coin Lzb³²⁹ Cook⁸⁵).

סֶ֫לַע

I. סֶ֫לַע₆₁ n.m. ^{Ju 6:20} crag, cliff, synon. צוּר;—abs. ס׳ Ju 6:20 +, סָ֑לַע Nu 20:10 +; cstr. סֶ֫לַע 1 S 23:23; sf. סַלְעִי 2 S 22:2 +, סַלְעוֹ Is 31:9; pl. סְלָעִים Is 2:21 +;—
1. lit. cliff, crag Ju 6:20; Is 2:21; 7:19 Am 6:12 Nu 20:8^(×2), 10^(×2), 11 (cf. Ne 9:15 ψ 78:16, and contr. the צוּר of Ex 17:6), Nu 24:21; Dt 32:13 (not elsewhere Hex) Je 13:4, + 9 times; שֵׁן הַסּ׳ 1 S 14:4^(×2) tooth of the crag, i.e. sharp crag, so Jb 39:28; excav. in cliff as place of burial Is 22:16; abode of wild animals, יַעֲלֵי־ס׳ v 1, cf. ψ 104:18; Pr 30:26, of birds Jb 39:28 Ct 2:14 (in fig.), cf. Je 48:28, so of Edom Ob 3 = Je 49:16; cf. (Nu 24:21 supr. and) Is 42:11; particular cliffs are: ס׳ עֵיטָם Ju 15:8, 11 cf. v 13, ס׳ (הָ)רִמּוֹן 20:45, 47^(×2); 21:13 ס׳ הַמַּחְלְקוֹת 1 S 23:28 cf. v 25; v. also ii. סֶלַע.
†2. fig., especially סַלְעִי of י׳ (only ψψ), ψ 18:3 = 2 S 22:2, ψ 31:4; 42:10; 71:3; of Assyrian god Is 31:9 (prob.; cf. צוּר Dt 32:31, 37); צֵל ס׳ כָּבֵד Is 32:2 (sim. of protecting care); fig. of security ψ 40:3 (feet on cliff), מְצָדוֹת סְלָעִים מִשְׂגַּבּוֹ Is 33:16; symb. of obstinacy חִזְּקוּ פְנֵיהֶם מִסּ׳ Je 5:3; צְחִיחַ ס׳ (bare cliff, lit. glare of [the] cliff), in fig. of openness, flagrancy Ez 24:7, 8, of razed city 26:4, 14 (only here Ez); in fig. of fall of Bab. Je 51:25.

סֶ֫לַע²

† II. סֶ֫לַע n.pr.loc. in Edom, מֵהַסּ׳ Ju 1:36 (del. מֵ, cf. GFM); הַסּ׳ captured in war 2 K 14:7 (and called יָקְתְאֵל); מִסּ׳ Is 16:1; site dub.; old identif. with Petra denied, plausibly, by Buhl^Edom GFM Ju 1:36 (who thinks of an actual cliff), but held Benz 2 K 14:7 Bd^{Pal (1898), 206}; 𝔊 (ἡ) πέτρα.

סָלְעָם

† סָלְעָם n.m. an edible, winged, locust (NH id.; swallower, consumer, cf. 𝔗 סַלְעֵם swallow up, destroy; Arabic سَلْغَفَ vb. swallow, Kö^{ii.1, 404});—Lv 11:22 (+ אַרְבֶּה, חַרְגֹּל, חָגָב).

סֶ֫לֶף

† סֶ֫לֶף n.m. ^{Pr 11:3} Qr crookedness, crooked dealing:—ס׳ abs. Pr 15:4 (of tongue); cstr. ס׳ בֹּגְדִים 11:3.

סָלַף

† [סָלַף] vb. twist, pervert, overturn (𝔗 סְלַף twist (rare); Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, come to naught Lane ^{1407 f.});—
Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְסַלֵּף Jb 12:19 + 2 times, וַיְסַלֵּף Pr 22:12; 3 fs. תְּסַלֵּף Pr 13:6; 19:3; Pt. מְסַלֵּף Pr 21:12;— 1. pervert, Ex 23:8 (E) a bribe perverteth the case (cause, דִּבְרֵי) of righteous, = Dt 16:19. 2. subvert, turn upside down, ruin (only WisdLt): c. acc. pers. Jb 12:19; Pr 13:6 (opp. תִּצֹּר), 21:12; אִוֶּלֶת אָדָם תּ׳ דַּרְכּוֹ 19:3 a man’s folly subverteth his way; וַיְסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי בֹגֵד 22:12 and he (י׳) subverteth the affairs of a treacherous man.

סָלֵק

† [סָלֵק] vb. ascend (loan-word from Aramaic סְלֵיק, ܣܠܶܩ; Palm. סלק id., Lzb ³²⁹ Cook ⁸⁵; NH סלק Pi. remove; Arabic سَلَقَ ascend, Lane ¹⁴¹⁰ (also loan-word?));—only
Qal Impf. 1 s. אֶסַּק ψ 139:8 if I ascend to heaven (שָׁמַיִם), thou art there (on form, = *אֶסְלַק, v. Ges^{§ 66 e} Kö^{i. 301} Kau^{§ 44}).

סֹ֫לֶת

סֹ֫לֶת₅₃ n.f. Lv 2:5 (cf. on gender Albrecht^{ZAW xvi (1896), 106}) fine flour (𝔊 σεμίδαλις, 𝔙 simila) (NH id.; Aramaic סוּלְתָּא; Arabic سُلْتٌ a kind of barley without husks Lane ¹⁴⁰¹; Assyrian sillatu, or šillatu, a kind of grain (?) Meissner-Rost^{BAS iii. 361}; also ṯulṯȧ, ṯuruti̥, flour, as loan-word in Egyptian, Bondi⁸⁴ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 101});—abs. ס׳ Gn 18:6 +, cstr. ס׳ Ex 29:2 +; sf. סָלְתָּהּ Lv 2:2;—fine flour, used in king’s household 1 K 5:2 (‖ קֶמַח), for honoured guests קֶמַח ס׳ Gn 18:6 (J), a s^e’āh of it sold for a shekel in time of scarcity 2 K 7:1, 16, 18 (v. Benz); luxurious food Ez 16:13, 19 (of Jerus. under fig. of woman); elsewhere only in offerings Ez 46:14; 1 Ch 9:29; 23:29, and P; ס׳ חִטִּים Ex 29:2, ס׳ v 40, Lv 2:1 + 13 times Lv., Nu 6:15 + 26 times Nu.

סַם

סַם v. סמם.

סַם²

[סַם₁₆] n.m. spice, used in incense;—only pl. abs. סַמִּים, and only P Ch; Ex 30:34^(×2) elsewhere קְטֹרֶת (הַ)סַּמִּים incense of spices 25:6 + 8 times Ex, Lv 4:7; 16:12; Nu 4:16; 2 Ch 2:3; 13:11.

סַמְגַּר נְבוֹ

† סַמְגַּר נְבוֹ n.pr.m. an officer of Nebuchad. according to MT Je 39:3 = (assumed) Šumgir Nabu (Schr^COT), but prob. textual error; Gie (plausibly) takes סמגר as crpt. dittogr. of רב מג, and joins נבו to foll., נבושׂרסכים = נְבוּשַׁזְבַּן, cf. v 13 and 𝔊 Σαμαγωθ (Σαμαγαδ, Σαμαγαρ, etc.) καὶ Ναβουσαχαρ.

סְמָדֵר

† [סְמָדֵר ?] , also סְמָדַ֔ר֖, סְמָדַ֑ר n.m. ^{Ct 7:13} blossom of grape (just at flowering Duval^{REJ xiv (1887), 277—81} NH id.; Aramaic סמדד, ܣܡܳܕܪܳܐ, Mand. סימאדרא Nö^{M. 128});—always abs. ס׳, only Ct: הַגְּפָנִים סְמָדַר֖ 2:13 the vines are (all) blossom; כְּרָמִים סְמָדַ֑ר v 15 (on bold predicate cf. Ges^{§ 141 d}); פִּתַּח הַסְּמָדַר 7:13 the blossom has opened (its buds).

סָמַךְ

סָמַךְ₄₈ vb. lean, lay, rest, support (NH id.; Ph. in n.pr. Lzb ^{317, 329}; Aramaic סְמַךְ, ܣܡܰܟ; also Ethiopic ((ሰመከ) አስመከ) cause to lean upon, etc. Di ³³⁵; Arabic سَمَكَ is be high, ascend, raise, uplift, سَمْكٌ roof);—
Qal₄₁ Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Dt 34:9; Ez 24:2, וְסָמַךְ consec. Am 5:19 +; 3 fs. סָֽמְכָה ψ 88:8, sf. סְמָכָ֑תְהוֹ Is 59:16, סְמָכָ֑תְנִי 63:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְמֹךְ Lv 8:14; Nu 27:23, sf. יִסְמְכֵ֫נִי ψ 3:6, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. סָמְכֵנִי ψ 119:116; Pt. act. סוֹמֵךְ Is 63:5 + 3 times; pl. cstr. סֹמְכֵי Ez 30:6 ψ 54:6; pass. סָמוּךְ Is 26:3 ψ 112:8; pl. סְמוּכִים 111:8;— 1. a. lean or lay hand upon (עַל־): Am 5:19; elsewhere in sacred rite: on head of sacrif. victim, as those who share in sacrif., Ex 29:10, 15, 19; Lv 1:4 + 12 times Lv, Nu 8:12 (all P), 2 Ch 29:23; so of Levites, presented to י׳ Nu 8:10 (P); on head of blasphemer Lv 24:14 (P; as witnesses of his guilt); on head of Joshua in consecration (Moses subj.) Nu 27:18, 23; Dt 34:9 (all P). b. intrans. ψ 88:8 thy wrath hath rested upon me (עָלַי); also סָמַךְ מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶל־ Ez 24:2 hath leaned against, rested his weight upon, Jerusalem, i.e. invested (Toy), begun the siege of it. †2. support, uphold, sustain, only fig.: c. 2 acc. Gn 27:37 (J) with corn and must have I sustained him, provided sustenance for him, cf. (of י׳) ψ 51:14; uphold Egypt Ez 30:6; abs. Is 63:5; especially of י׳ upholding, sustaining Is 59:16; 63:5 ψ 3:6; 37:17, 24; 54:6 (on בְּ essentiae v. Ges^{§ 119 i}, בְּ supr. 7 a), 119:116; 145:14; so pt. pass. ψ 111:8 they are sustained, i.e. maintained (י׳’s commands), סָמוּךְ לִבּוֹ 112:8 his heart is sustained, firm, and so יֵצֶר ס׳ Is 26:3.
†Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִסְמַ֫כְתִּי ψ 71:6; 3 pl. נִסְמָ֑כוּ Is 48:2; Impf. יִסָּמֵךְ 2 K 18:21 Is 36:6, וַיִּסָּמֵךְ Ju 16:29; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽמְכוּ 2 Ch 32:8;—reflex. support, or brace oneself, also c. עַל־: Ju 16:29 and he braced himself against (upon) them (the pillars): 2 K 18:21 (if) a man support himself on it (Egypt as a cracked reed) = Is 36:6; on cheering words 2 Ch 32:8; on God Is 48:2 ψ 71:6.
†Pi. Imv. mpl. sf. + בְּ instr.: סַמְּכוּנִי Ct 2:5 sustain (refresh, revive) me with raisin-cakes.

סְמַכְיָהוּ

† סְמַכְיָהוּ n.pr.m. (cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 294, No. 89}; = י׳ hath sustained);—Korahite name 1 Ch 26:7; 𝔊 Σαβχεια, A 𝔊L Σαμαχια(ς).

סֶ֫מֶל

† סֶ֫מֶל n.m. Ez 8, 5 perhaps orig. n.pr.div., then gen. image, statue (Ph. סמל id., f. סמלת, Lzb ^{151, 329}, also פנסמלת Id ³²⁹; Bau^{Rel. i. 88} understands ס׳ to be design. of foreign god);—abs. הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 33:7, 15, סָ֑מֶל Dt 4:16; cstr. סֵ֫מֶל Ez 8:3, 5;—image, figure of anything, פֶּסֶלּ תְּמוּנַת כָּל־ס׳ Dt 4:16; idol-image פֶּסֶל הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 33:7 and (פֶּסֶל om.) v 15; סֵמֶל הַקִּנְאָת Ez 8:3 the statue of jealousy, i.e. that rouses י׳’s jealousy, = v 5.

סמם

סמם (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; if akin to Arabic شَمَّ smell Lane ¹⁵⁹³, مَشْمُومٌ any fragrant plant Id ¹⁵⁹⁴, then ס must be for שׂ; in that case ס׳ perhaps loan-word in Heb.; NH id.; spice, drug (Ecclus שׂ׳ 38:4 m.); Aramaic סַמָּא id., ܣܰܡܳܐ drug, pigment; Arabic سَمٌّ poison is appar. loan-word Frä²⁶²).

סמן

† סמן vb. whence
Niph. Pt. נִסְמָן Is 28:25 (si vera l.) barley in an appointed place, or a determined portion (cf. Ges Hi De al.), but נ׳ lacking in 𝔊 and plausibly taken as dittogr. for כֻּסֶּמֶת by We^{Prol. 417; Gesch. Isr. i. 409} Che^{Comm. and Hpt.} Du; cf. Brd Gu^Kau.

סָמַר

† סָמַר vb. bristle up (Lag^{BN 106} cp. Arabic شَمَرَ contract; in that case ס׳ for שׂ׳);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ מִפַּחְדְּךָ בְשָׂרִי ψ 119:120 from fear of thee did my flesh bristle up, ‘creep.’
Pi. Impf. תְּסַמֵּר שַׂעֲרַת בְּשָׂרִי Jb 4:15.

סָמָר

† סָמָר adj. bristling, rough;—יֶלֶק ס׳ Je 51:27 bristling locust, perhaps with allusion to horn-like sheaths enclosing wings of the pupa, v. Dr Joel and Amos, 58 (on format. cf. Lag^{BN 50}.)

סְנָאָה

† סְנָאָה appar. n.pr.m. בְּנֵי ס׳ Ezr 2:35 = Ne 7:38, בְּנֵי הַסּ׳ Ne 3:3; 𝔊 Σαανα, Σανανα(τ), etc., 𝔊L Σενναα; Mey^{Judenth. 150, 154} reads סְנֻאָה (ס׳ for שׂ׳, cf. סְנוּאָה) = sons of the hated (rejected) woman, i.e. the poorer classes of Jeruslem.

סַנְבַּלַּט

† סַנְבַּלַּט (so Baer; van d. H. Ginsb סַנְבַלַּט) n.pr.m. leader of Samaritan opponents of Nehemiah: Ne 2:10, 19; 3:33; 4:1; 6:1, 2, 5, 12, 14; 13:28; (Bab., = Sin-uballiṭ, Sin gave life Schr^COT Ne 2:10).

סְנֶה

† סְנֶה n.m. ^{Ex 3:2} a thorny bush, perhaps black-berry bush (cf. Löw^{No. 219}; rubus fruticosus Linn.; Aramaic סַנְיָא, ܣܰܢܝܳܐ thorn-bush, Assyrian sinû, Meissner ^{ZA vi. 293} blackberry bush (M. thinks Aramaic ס׳ loan-word from this); Arabic سَنًا senna, Lane ¹⁴⁴⁹);—abs. ס׳ Ex 3:2^(×2), 4, סְנֶ֑ה v 2, 3 (all E) Dt 33:16 (akin to E).

סֶ֑נֶּה

† סֶ֑נֶּה n.pr.rup. (= thorny, cf. GASm^{Geogr. 250 n.} HPS ^{ad loc.});—a cliff opp. the cliff called בּוֹצֵץ, 1 S 14:4 (Ginsb as here; Baer סֵ֑נֶּה, van d. H. סֶ֑נֶה); 𝔊 Σεννααρ.

סַנָּה

סַנָּה v. קִרְיַת־סַנָּה.

סְנוּאָה

† סְנוּאָה n.pr.m. (but v. סְנָאָה);—בֶּן־הַסּ׳ Ne 11:9 (𝔊 Ασανα, 𝔊L Ασεννα), בֶּן־הַסְּנֻאָה 1 Ch 9:7 (𝔊 Αανα, A Ασανουα, 𝔊L Σαανα).

סַנְוֵרִים

† סַנְוֵרִים n.[m.] pl. intens. vel abstr. (Sta^{§ 324 b}) sudden blindness (etym. dub.; der. from נוּרִ highly improb., whether antiphr. Wetzst ^{De ψψ 4, 886} Kö^{ii. 1, 404}, or from dazzling, cf. ‘flimmern’ Hoffm^{ZAW ii (1882), 68}; but also view of Hal^{RÉJ xi. 66} deriv. from √ סנר cover with a skin, i.e. produce film over, lacks demonstration; at present we must be content with assuming quadrilit. √, Thes Sta^{§ 243});—הִכּוּ בַּסּ׳ Gn 19:11 (J) they smote the men with sudden blindness, cf. 2 K 6:18^(×2) (all cases miraculous, and in K temporary).

סַנְחֵרִיב

† סַנְחֵרִיב n.pr.m. Sennacherib (= Sinaḫê-irba, Sin multiplied brothers, Schr^COT 2 K 18:13);—son of Sargon and father of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (b. c. 705—681; cf. Tiele^{Gesch. 285 ff.}); 2 K 18:13; 19:16, 20, 36 = Is 36:1; 37:17, 21, 37; 2 Ch 32:1, 2, 9, 10, 22 (all as above, except סַנְחֵרִב 2 K 19:20); 𝔊 Σενναχηρειμ, 𝔊L Σενναχειρειμ; Σεναχήριβος Jos^{Ant. x. 1 ff.}; Σαναχάρβον (acc.) Herodot.^{ii. 141}.

סַנְסַנָּה

סַנְסַנָּה n.pr.loc. in S. Judah;—Jos 15:31, 𝔊 Σεθεννακ, A Σανσαννα, 𝔊L Σεενακ; prob. = חֲצַר סוּסָה 19:5, חֲצַר־סוּסִים 1 Ch 4:31; conj. on loc. (near Gaza), v. in Di^{ad loc.} Buhl^{Geogr. 163} and reff. (Simsum, NE. of Gaza, cp. by J. Schwarz ^{Das heilig. Land (1852), 72} van d. Velde^{Mem, 346}, is too far north).

סַנְסִנִּים

† [סַנְסִנִּים] n.[m.]pl. fruit-stalk of date (Löw ^{p. 119}) (Aramaic loan-word from ܣܺܝܣܢܳܐ PS²⁶¹⁷ racemus dactylorum, cf. Assyrian sissinnu, part of the date-palm Dl ⁵⁰⁷);—sf. אֹחֲזָה בְּסַנְסִנָּ֑יו Ct 7:9.

סְנַפִּיר

† סְנַפִּיר n.[m.] fin (NH id.; quadrilit. according to Sta^{§ 243}; Fl Levy^{NHWB iii. 725 a} cp. Aramaic סִמְפּוֹרִין points, nails, and der. this from סַמֵּר vb. nail, with infixed פ (Levy^{ChWBii. 570 b}));—Lv 11:9, 10, 12 = Dt 14:9, 10.

סָ֑ס

† סָ֑ס n.m. moth (𝔗 סָסָא, Syriac ܣܳܣܳܐ; Assyrian sâsu, Dl^{HWB 506}; Arabic سُوسٌ, سُوسَةٌ; Ethiopic ፃፄ Thes Lag^{Armen. Stud. § 2262} cp. Armen. zez = Gk. σής, wh. is der. from סָס by Bo^{Hieroz. iii. 514} Lewy^{Fremdw. 16 f.});—וְכַצֶּמֶר יֹאכְלֵס סָ֑ס Is 51:8.

סִֽסְמַי

† סִֽסְמַי n. pr.m. name in Judah (on Ph. n.pr. div. ססם(י) v. Lzb ³³⁰ Ren in CIS ^{i. No. 95, 3, al.} Bae^{Rel. 64 f.} Kit ^{1 Ch 2; 40});—ס׳ 1 Ch 2:40 b, סִֽסְמָ֑י v 40 a; 𝔊 Σοσομαι, 𝔊L Σασαμει.

סָעַד

† סָעַד vb. support, sustain, stay (NH id., especially take a meal; Aramaic סְעַד support, stay; Zinj. סעד strengthen Lzb ³³⁰, support, perhaps feed Cook⁸⁵; ChrPalAramaic n. ܣܥܕܘܢܐ aid, Schwally^{Idiot. 64}; Arabic سَعِدَ, سُعِدَ iii, iv. aid, assist, Lane ¹³⁶⁰, سَاعِدٌ forearm Id ¹³⁶²; Sab. סעד DHM ^{Südar. Alt. p. 16});—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָעַד consec. Pr 20:28; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְעָ֑ד 3 fs. sf. תִּסְעָדֵ֫נִי ψ 18:36, read also in ‖ 2 S 22:36, etc.; Imv. ms. סְעָד Ju 19:5 (on—ָ prob. ŏ, by error, v. Kö^{i 261 f.} GFM^{ad loc.}), סְעָד־נָא v 8 (cf. id.), וּסֳעָ֑דָה 1 K 13:7; sf. סְעָדֵנִי ψ 119:117; Inf. cstr. sf. וּלְסַעֲדָהּ Is 9:6;—support, sustain, always fig.: 1. sustain, stay, the heart (cf. לֵבָב 8, לֵב 8), with food Gn 18:5 (J), Ju 19:5 (c. 2 acc.), v 8, ψ 104:15; obj. om. 1 K 13:7. 2. a. support throne (subj. kg.) Pr 20:28, coming ruler Is 9:6. b. support, uphold c. acc. pers. (subj. י׳, his hand etc.) ψ 18:36 + ‖ 2 S 22:36 (v supr.), ψ 20:3; 41:4; 94:18; 119:117.

סָעָה

† [סָעָה] vb. (dub.) rush, of storm-wind (cf. Arabic سَعَى (and سعو), go quickly, run, be energetic; Syriac ܣܥܳܐ make an attack upon);—
Qal Pt. fs. מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה ψ 55:9 from rushing wind (and) from tempest סָ֑עַר); Hup (not Now) Gr Dy סוּפָה or סְעָרָה.

סָעִיף

† [סָעִיף] n.[m.] 1. cleft. 2. branch;—
1. cleft of a crag, cstr. סְעִיף סֶלַע Ju 15:8, 11; pl. cstr. וּבִסְעִפֵֿי הַסְּלָעִים Is 2:21; סְעִיפֵי הַסּ׳ 57:5.
2. branches, boughs, pl. cstr. סְעִפֵֿי הַפֹּרִיָּה Is 17:6 (so divide, Hi Kn Di Dr^{Sm xxx} Du al.) the boughs of the fruit-tree; sf. סְעִיפֶיהָ 27:10 (of ruined city; cf. קְצִירָהּ v 11).

סעף

סעף (√ of foll.; appar. = cleave, divide; cf. perhaps Arabic سَعَفَ of hand, become cracked around nails etc., Lane ¹³⁶⁴, سَعَفٌ palm-branches with leaves on them, Id ¹³⁶⁵; BA^{ES 56} GFM ^{Ju 15; 8} cf. شُعْبَةٌ cleft, (forked) branch, cf. Buhl ^{Lex 13}.)

סֵעֵף

† I. [סֵעֵף] vb.Pi.denom. lop off boughs;—Pt. מְסָעֵף פֻּארָה Is 10:33 י׳ … shall lop off (the) crown of branches.

סֵעֵף²

† II. [סֵעֵף] (Kö^ii.106) adj. divided, half-hearted;—pl. abs. as subst., in religious sense, סֵעֲפִים שָׂנֵאתִי ψ Ps 119:113 half-hearted ones do I hate.

סְעִפָּה

† [סְעִפָּה] n.f. division, divided opinion;—pl. abs. עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים 1 K 18:21 how long are ye limping on the two divided opinions (as on unequal legs; 𝔊 ταῖς ἰγνύαις seems an attempt to interpret the fig.; according to Albrecht ^{ZAW xvi (1896) 75} ס׳ really = legs).

סְעַפָּה

† [סְעַפָּה] n.f. bough, branch;—pl. sf. סְעַפֹּתָיו Ez 31:6, 8 (of king under fig. of cedar).

סַ֫עַר

† סַ֫עַר n.m. ^{Je 23:19} tempest;—abs. ס׳ Am 1:14 + 5 times; סָ֑עַר ψ 55:9; pl. sf. סַעֲרֶיךָ 83:16;—tempest, especially fig.: of passionate acts of men, מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה מִסָּ֑עַר ψ 55:9 (מִסּ׳ here awkward, without ו); of י׳’s wrath Je 23:19 (ס׳ מִתְחוֹלֵל), cf. 25:32; 30:23; tempest as instr. of י׳’s wrath, ψ 83:16 (‖ סוּפָה); v. also בְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם סוּפָה Am 1:14 and Jon 1:4, 12.

סָעַר

† [סָעַר] vb. storm, rage (Ecclus. סער Hiph. 47:17 move tempestuously; סְעָרָה storm-wind 43:17; 48:9; NH Pi. stir up, blow, סְעָרָה storm-wind; = II. שָׂעַר, but relation obscure; Assyrian šâru, wind, favours originality of שׂ׳, but this only late in Heb., and for ס׳ Frä ¹⁸⁹ cp. Arabic سَعَرَ kindle fire, excite, inflame, be vehemently hungry and thirsty, be mad, insane, etc. Lane ¹³⁶³);—
Qal Impf. 3 mpl. fig., יִסְעֲרוּ Hb 3:14 they [my foes] storm along to scatter me; Pt. act. סֹעֵר Jon 1:11 the sea was growing more and more stormy, so v 13 (+ עֲלֵיהֶם); f. סֹעֲרָה Is 54:11 storm-tossed (fig. of Jerusalem).
Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסָּעֵר 2 K 6:11 and the heart of the king … was enraged because of (עַל־) this thing.
Pi. Impf. 1 s. sf. וְאֵסָֽעֲרֵם עַל־ Zc 7:14 (on form v. Ges^{§§ 23 h, 52 n}) and storm them away (hurl them by a storm-wind) upon the nations.
Po. Impf. 3 ms. כְּמֹץ יְסֹעֵר Ho 13:3 shall be like chaff (which) is storm-driven from a threshing-floor.

סְעָרָה

† סְעָרָה n.f. tempest, storm-wind;—abs. סְעָרָה Is 29:6 + (so also 2 K 2:1, 11 Ginsb; Baer בַּסֳּעָרָה); cstr. סַעֲרַת Je 23:19; 30:23; pl. סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13; cstr. סַעֲרוֹת Zc 9:14;—4, as instr. of י׳’s wrath, Is 29:6 (+ סוּפָה), cf.40:24; 41:16, also רוּחַ סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13 (against nation under fig. of wall); storm-wind of Elijah’s translation 2 K 2:1, 11; of theophany Ez 1:4 (רִוּחַ סְעָרָה), Jb 38:1; 40:6, and סַעֲרוֹת תֵּימָן Zc 9:14; סַעֲרַת י׳ as fig. of י׳’s wrath Je 23:19; 30:23; of ordinary tempests only in late ψψ: רוּחַ סְעָרָה 107:25; 148:8, ס׳ opp. דְּמָמָה 107:29.

סַף

I, II, III. סַף v. ספף.

סַף²

† I. סַף n.m. basin, goblet (NH סַף; Ph. סף (Inscr. of Tyre^{(1), 5, 6}) Schröd^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 917 f.} Cl-Gann ^{Annales du Musée Guimet x. 511 = Recueil d’arch. orient. (1886), 89} Hal^{RÉJ xii. 107} Bloch; but Lzb³³⁰ door-sill);—ס׳ abs. basin Ex 12:22^(×2) (J; containing blood of passover lamb); cstr. סַף־רַעַל Zc 12:2 goblet of reeling (intoxicating, fig.), prob. also Hb 2:15, where read מִסַּף תֲמָֽתְךָ from the goblet of thy fury (for MT מְסַפֵּחַ ח׳, v. I. ספח); pl. abs. סַפּוֹת 2 S 17:28 basins for ordinary use; הַסִּפִּים Je 52:19, הַסִּפּוֹת 1 K 7:50 and cstr. סִפּוֹת כֶּסֶף 2 K 12:14, of temple utensils.

סַף³

† II. סַף₂₄ n.m. ^{Am 9:1} threshold, sill (NH id.; Ph. v. Lzb i. סַף; Aramaic סִפָּא, ܣܶܦܳܐ, (sepo,) Arabic sippu Dl ⁵⁰⁹, all id.);—abs. ס׳ 2 K 12:10 +, also הַסָּ֑ף Ju 19:27 + 3 times (Baer Ginsb), הַסָּ֑ף 2 K 25:8; sf. סִפִּי Ez 43:8, סִפָּם v 8; pl. סִפִּים Am 9:1; Is 6:4 + 6 times Ez Ch;—threshold, sill Ju 19:27; Am 9:1; Is 6:4 Ez 41:16^(×2); 43:8^(×2); 2 Ch 3:7, ס׳הַבַּיִת 1 K 14:17, ס׳ הַשַּׁעַר Ez 40:6, 7, cf. v 6 b; שֹׁמֵר הַסַּף = door-keeper, an important temple official, Je 35:4, so שֹׁמְרֵי הַסּ׳ 2 K 12:10 (priests), 22:4 = 2 Ch 34:9 (Levites!), 2 K 23:4; 25:18 = Je 52:24; in Persia, of palace Est 2:21; 6:2; of tabern. שׁ׳ הַסִּפִּים 1 Ch 9:19; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסּ׳ 2 Ch 23:4 (Levites), שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסּ׳ 1 Ch 9:22; coll. חֹרֶב בַּסָּ֑ף Zp 2:14 desolation in the thresholds.

סַף⁴

† III. סַף, סִפַּי n.pr.m. a Philistine, 2 S 21:18 (𝔊 τὸν Σεφ(ε); 𝔊L τοὺς ἐπισυνηγμένους), = סִפַּי 1 Ch 20:4 (𝔊 τὸν Σαφουτ, A Σαφφι, 𝔊L Σαπφι).

ספא

ספא (√ of foll.; cf. NH סָפָא, ספי give to eat, 𝔗 סְפִי id.; perhaps Palm. ספא feed, nourish, Lzb³³⁰ Cook⁸⁵).

סָפַד

† [סָפַד] vb. wail, lament (NH id.; 𝔗 סְפַד, ChrPal Aramaic ܣܦܕ id., Schwally^{Idiot. 64}; Assyrian [sapâdu], sipdu, sipittu, mourning Dl^{HWB 507}; cf. Amhar. ሰደፌ dirge Prä^{ZMGxxxv(1881), 762});—
Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְסָֽפְדָה consec. Zc 12:12, 3 pl. וְסָֽפְדוּ consec. 1 K 14:13 Zc 12:10; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּסְפֹּד 2 S 11:26, 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּד Ez 24:16, 1 s. cohort. אֶסְפְּדָה Mi 1:8, 3 mpl. יִסְפְּדוּ Je 6:16 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. סִפְדוּ 2 S 3:31 + 2 times; fpl. סְפֹּ֫דְנָה Je 49:3; Inf. abs. סָפוֹד Zc 7:5; cstr. סְפוֹד Ec 3:4, לִסְפֹּד Gn 23:2 1 K 13:29, לִסְפּוֹד Je 16:5; Pt. act. pl. סֹפְדִים Is 32:12, סוֹ׳ Ec 12:5;—wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., v. Mi 1:8, and cf. Dr Am 5:16), especially for dead, c. לְ, 1 S 25:1; 28:3 1 K 14:13, 18 Gn 23:2 (P) Je 16:6; 22:18^(×2); 34:5, cf. וְאַל־תֵּלֵךְ לִסְפּוֹד וְאַל־תָּנֹד לָהֶם 16:5; c. עַל־ over 2 S 1:12; 11:26; 1 K 13:30, cf. Zc 12:10 (see v 12 infr.); c. לִפְנֵי i.e. marching before (bier) 2 S 3:31 (v. Dr); c. acc. cogn. Gn 50:10 (J); abs. 1 K 13:29 Ez 24:16 cf. v 23 Ec 3:4 (opp. רקד; cf. ψ 30:12), and pt. as subst. Ec 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zc 12:12 (cf. v 10 supr.); over calamity, judgment, c. עַל־ Mi 1:8, abs. Je 4:8 (both + הֵילִיל), 49:3 and (with fasting) Zc 7:5 Jo 1:13.—עַל־שָׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶמֶד וגו׳ Is 32:12 is dub.; Thes Ew De Che al. upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but read prob. שָׂדִים (־וֹת, יִם—ַ) Ges^Comm. (q.v.) Buhl ^{Lex 13} Skinner al.: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc.
Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. לֹא יִסָּֽפְדוּ Je 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so 25:33.

סָפָה

† [סָפָה] vb. sweep or snatch away, catch up (NH ספי, סָפָא collect (rare), 𝔊 סְפִי (rare), Syriac ܣܦܳܐ collect, pick up; Arabic سَفَا of wind, raise dust and carry it away Lane¹³⁷⁷ [v. שָׁפָה]);—
Qal 1. intrans.: Pf. 3 fs. סָֽפְתָה Je 12:4 be snatched away (read poss. סָ֫פָה [סוף]). 2. trans.: Impf. 3 fs. תִּסְפֶּה Is 7:20 sweep away beard; 2 ms. תִּסְפֶּה Gn 18:23, 24 sweep away indiscriminately (good and bad); Inf. cstr. סְפוֹת Dt 29:18 to snatch away the moist with the dry (proverb. expression, cf. Dr), sf. לִסְפּוֹתָהּ ψ 40:15 to snatch it away.—סְפוֹת Nu 32:14; Is 30:1 v. יסף; וְסָפ֫וּ Am 3:15 v. סוף.
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. וְנִסְפָּה consec. 1 S 26:10; Impf. 2 ms. תִּסָּפֶה Gn 19:15, 17; 1 s. אֶסָּפֶה 1 S 27:1; 2 mpl. תִּסָּפוּ Nu 16:26, תִּסָּפ֑וּ 1 S 12:25; Pt. נִסְפֶּה Is 13:15; Pr 13:23 (1 Ch 21:12 v. infr.);— 1. be swept away, destroyed, Gn 19:15 (בַּעֲוֹן הָעִיר by reason of the iniquity of the city), v 17 (both J), Nu 16:26 (JE) 1 S 12:25; 26:10 (in battle), + בְּיַד of agent 1 S 27:1; cf. וְיֵשׁ נִסְפֶּה בְּלֹא מִשְׁפָּט Pr 13:23 and there is that is swept away for lack of justice.—1 Ch 21:12 read נוּסְךָ (as ‖ 2 S 24:13, v. נוּס). 2. be caught up, captured, Is 13:15 (‖ נִמְצָא).
Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַסְפֶּה עָלֵימוֹ רָעוֹת Dt 32:23 I will catch up against them calamities, but read אֹסְפָה I will gather (√ אסף), or < אֹסִפָה (Di Dr Buhl ^{Lex 13}) I will add, i.e. multiply (√ יסף; v. Ges^{§ 69 h, note}).

ספח

II. ספח (√ of foll.; appar. pour out; cf. Arabic سَفَحَ pour out, shed (blood; Qor 6:146); NH סִפֵּחַ of river, cast out alluvial soil, make new land).

סָפַח

† I. [סָפַח] vb. join, attach to;—
Qal Imv. ms. sf. סְפָחֵ֫נִי נָא אֶל־וגק׳ 1 S 2:36 attach me, pray, to one of the priest’s offices.
Niph. Pf. 3 pl. וְנִסְפְּחוּ עַל־ consec. Is 14:1 and they shall attach themselves to the house of Jacob (‖ נִלְוָה).
Pi. Pt. מְסַפֵּחַ חֲמָֽתְךָ Hb 2:15 joining (to it?) thy fury, but read prob. מִסַּף (ח dittogr.) from the goblet of thy fury (so We Gr Now GASm Da).
Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְסֻפָּ֑חוּ Jb 30:7 are joined together, hold themselves together (yet read perhaps Niph. יִסָּפֵּ֑חוּ Bu).
Hithp. Inf. cstr. מֵהִסְתַּפֵּחַ 1 S 26:19 they have driven me out from joining myself with (בְּ) the inheritance of י׳.

ספח²

III. ספח (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

סַפַּ֫חַת

† סַפַּ֫חַת n.f. eruption, scab, either malignant or harmless;—abs. שְׂאֵת אוֹ ס׳ אוֹ בְהֶרֶת Lv 13:2 cf. 14:56.