The Rights of the People

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION

Article I. ROP 292.3

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. ROP 292.4

Article II. ROP 292.5

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ROP 292.6

Article III. ROP 292.7

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ROP 292.8

Article IV. ROP 292.9

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ROP 292.10

Article V. ROP 292.11

No person shall beheld to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war and public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor to be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. ROP 292.12

Article VI. ROP 293.1

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. ROP 293.2

Article VII. ROP 293.3

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. ROP 293.4

Article VIII. ROP 293.5

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ROP 293.6

Article IX. ROP 293.7

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ROP 293.8

Article X. ROP 293.9

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ROP 293.10

Article XI. ROP 293.11

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ROP 293.12

Article XII. ROP 294.1

The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. They shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the president of the Senate. The president of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other Constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States. ROP 294.2

Article XIII. ROP 294.3

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. ROP 294.4

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ROP 295.1

Article XIV. ROP 295.2

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State in which they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. ROP 295.3

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. ROP 295.4

Sec. 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. ROP 295.5

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred by payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume to pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. ROP 295.6

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ROP 296.1

Article XV. ROP 296.2

Section 1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. ROP 296.3

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ROP 296.4

1199 ROP The Rights of the People [{"para_id":"1199.9","title":"PREFACE","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0003_eng_m_preface_1199_9.mp3#duration=54&size=550224"},{"para_id":"1199.18","title":"CHAPTER I. CHRISTIANITY AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0005_eng_m_chapter_i_christianity_and_the_roman_empire_1199_19.mp3#duration=1416&size=14167930"},{"para_id":"1199.61","title":"CHAPTER II. WHAT IS DUE TO GOD, AND WHAT TO C\u00c6SAR?","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0006_eng_m_chapter_ii_what_is_due_to_god_and_what_to_caesar_1199_61.mp3#duration=2341&size=23420690"},{"para_id":"1199.133","title":"CHAPTER III. THE POWERS THAT BE","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0007_eng_m_chapter_iii_the_powers_that_be_1199_133.mp3#duration=2301&size=23016945"},{"para_id":"1199.200","title":"CHAPTER I. THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0009_eng_m_chapter_i_the_rights_of_the_people_1199_201.mp3#duration=1238&size=12385678"},{"para_id":"1199.239","title":"CHAPTER II. HOW THE UNITED STATES BECAME A NATION","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0010_eng_m_chapter_ii_how_the_united_states_became_a_nation_1199_239.mp3#duration=1305&size=13059030"},{"para_id":"1199.292","title":"CHAPTER III. WHAT IS THE NATION?","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0011_eng_m_chapter_iii_what_is_the_nation_1199_292.mp3#duration=942&size=9432673"},{"para_id":"1199.332","title":"CHAPTER IV. WHO MADE THE NATION?","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0012_eng_m_chapter_iv_who_made_the_nation_1199_332.mp3#duration=848&size=8488162"},{"para_id":"1199.368","title":"CHAPTER V. RELIGIOUS RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0014_eng_m_chapter_v_religious_right_in_the_united_states_1199_368.mp3#duration=4687&size=46883662"},{"para_id":"1199.505","title":"CHAPTER VI. RELIGIOUS RIGHT INVADED","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0015_eng_m_chapter_vi_religious_right_invaded_1199_505.mp3#duration=4871&size=48725018"},{"para_id":"1199.675","title":"CHAPTER VII. THE PEOPLE\u2019S RIGHT OF APPEAL","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0021_eng_m_chapter_vii_the_people_s_right_of_appeal_1199_675.mp3#duration=1991&size=19919274"},{"para_id":"1199.743","title":"CHAPTER VIII. NATIONAL PRECEDENT ON RIGHT OF APPEAL","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0022_eng_m_chapter_viii_national_precedent_on_right_of_appeal_1199_743.mp3#duration=4732&size=47332806"},{"para_id":"1199.891","title":"CHAPTER IX. THE BUGLERS, THE MINERS AND SAPPERS","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0028_eng_m_chapter_ix_the_buglers_the_miners_and_sappers_1199_891.mp3#duration=5310&size=53111201"},{"para_id":"1199.1087","title":"CHAPTER X. THE SUNDAY-LAW MOVEMENT IN THE FOURTH CENTURY, AND ITS PARALLEL IN THE NINETEENTH","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0033_eng_m_chapter_x_the_sunday_law_movement_in_the_fourth_century_and_its_paralle_1199_1087.mp3#duration=4427&size=44280521"},{"para_id":"1199.1264","title":"CHAPTER XI. WILL THE PEOPLE ASSERT AND MAINTAIN THEIR RIGHTS?","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0037_eng_m_chapter_xi_will_the_people_assert_and_maintain_their_rights_1199_1264.mp3#duration=4324&size=43247857"},{"para_id":"1199.1406","title":"CHAPTER XII. RELIGIOUS RIGHT IN THE STATES","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0048_eng_m_chapter_xii_religious_right_in_the_states_1199_1406.mp3#duration=1821&size=18223224"},{"para_id":"1199.1467","title":"APPENDIX A. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0053_eng_m_appendix_a_the_declaration_of_independence_1199_1468.mp3#duration=807&size=8078341"},{"para_id":"1199.1533","title":"APPENDIX B. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0067_eng_m_appendix_b_the_constitution_of_the_united_states_1199_1533.mp3#duration=2793&size=27947251"},{"para_id":"1199.2096","title":"APPENDIX D. The \u201cChristian Nation\u201d Decision","mp3":"\/mp3\/1199\/0079_eng_m_appendix_d_the_christian_nation_decision_1199_2096.mp3#duration=2822&size=28231288"}]